2018 Q2 Form 10-Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
____________________________
FORM 10-Q
____________________________

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended July 1, 2018
or
¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _____ to _____
Commission File Number: 001-11796
____________________________
masonitelogo.jpg
Masonite International Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
____________________________
British Columbia, Canada
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
98-0377314
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2771 Rutherford Road
Concord, Ontario L4K 2N6 Canada
(Address of principal executive offices)
(800) 895-2723
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
____________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
 
x
 
Accelerated filer
 
o
 
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer
 
o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
Smaller reporting company
 
o
 
 
 
 
Emerging growth company
 
o
 
 
 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:
The registrant had outstanding 27,591,331 shares of Common Stock, no par value, as of August 6, 2018.


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MASONITE INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
INDEX TO QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
July 1, 2018

 
 
PART I
 
 
Page
Item 1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2
 
Item 3
 
Item 4
 
PART II
 
 
 
Item 1
 
Item 1A
 
Item 2
 
Item 3
 
Item 4
 
Item 5
 
Item 6
 


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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the federal securities laws, including, without limitation, statements concerning the conditions in our industry, our operations, our economic performance and financial condition, including, in particular, statements relating to our business and growth strategy and product development efforts under "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." Forward-looking statements include all statements that do not relate solely to historical or current facts and can be identified by the use of words such as "may," "might," "will," "should," "estimate," "project," "plan," "anticipate," "expect," "intend," "outlook," "believe" and other similar expressions. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of their dates. These forward-looking statements are based on estimates and assumptions by our management that, although we believe to be reasonable, are inherently uncertain and subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, those identified under "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, subsequent reports on Form 10-Q, and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

The following list represents some, but not necessarily all, of the factors that could cause actual results to differ from historical results or those anticipated or predicted by these forward-looking statements:

•
our ability to successfully implement our business strategy;
•
general economic, market and business conditions, including foreign exchange rate fluctuation and inflation;
•
levels of residential new construction; residential repair, renovation and remodeling; and non-residential building construction activity;
•
the United Kingdom's formal trigger of the two year process for its exit from the European Union, and related negotiations;
•
competition;
•
our ability to manage our operations including integrating our recent acquisitions and companies or assets we acquire in the future;
•
our ability to generate sufficient cash flows to fund our capital expenditure requirements, to meet our pension obligations, and to meet our debt service obligations, including our obligations under our senior notes and our ABL Facility;
•
labor relations (i.e., disruptions, strikes or work stoppages), labor costs and availability of labor;
•
increases in the costs of raw materials or wages or any shortage in supplies or labor;
•
our ability to keep pace with technological developments;
•
cyber security threats and attacks;
•
the actions taken by, and the continued success of, certain key customers;
•
our ability to maintain relationships with certain customers;
•
the ability to generate the benefits of our restructuring activities;
•
retention of key management personnel;
•
environmental and other government regulations; and
•
limitations on operating our business as a result of covenant restrictions under our existing and future indebtedness, including our senior notes and our ABL Facility.

We caution you that the foregoing list of important factors is not exclusive. In addition, in light of these risks and uncertainties, the matters referred to in the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report may not in fact occur. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as otherwise required by law.


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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Unaudited Financial Statements

MASONITE INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
July 1,
2018
 
July 2,
2017
 
July 1,
2018
 
July 2,
2017
Net sales
$
566,726

 
$
519,741

 
$
1,084,605

 
$
1,006,922

Cost of goods sold
443,052

 
412,415

 
855,502

 
804,039

Gross profit
123,674

 
107,326

 
229,103

 
202,883

Selling, general and administration expenses
71,851

 
63,870

 
140,062

 
128,980

Restructuring costs, net
—

 
(700
)
 
—

 
(407
)
Loss (gain) on disposal of subsidiaries
—

 
212

 
—

 
212

Operating income (loss)
51,823

 
43,944

 
89,041

 
74,098

Interest expense (income), net
9,074

 
7,112

 
17,830

 
14,136

Other expense (income), net
(970
)
 
(288
)
 
(1,242
)
 
(802
)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (benefit)
43,719

 
37,120

 
72,453

 
60,764

Income tax expense (benefit)
7,894

 
8,932

 
14,595

 
7,253

Income (loss) from continuing operations
35,825

 
28,188

 
57,858

 
53,511

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
(131
)
 
(134
)
 
(381
)
 
(379
)
Net income (loss)
35,694

 
28,054

 
57,477

 
53,132

Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest
953

 
1,170

 
1,910

 
2,683

Net income (loss) attributable to Masonite
$
34,741

 
$
26,884

 
$
55,567

 
$
50,449

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings (loss) per common share attributable to Masonite:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
1.26

 
$
0.90

 
$
1.99

 
$
1.69

Diluted
$
1.24

 
$
0.89

 
$
1.96

 
$
1.66

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings (loss) per common share from continuing operations attributable to Masonite:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
1.26

 
$
0.91

 
$
2.01

 
$
1.70

Diluted
$
1.24

 
$
0.89

 
$
1.97

 
$
1.67

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
35,694

 
$
28,054

 
$
57,477

 
$
53,132

Other comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation gain (loss)
(31,445
)
 
16,751

 
(25,671
)
 
22,481

Amortization of actuarial net losses
299

 
292

 
599

 
584

Income tax benefit (expense) related to other comprehensive income (loss)
(100
)
 
(55
)
 
(200
)
 
(812
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
(31,246
)
 
16,988

 
(25,272
)
 
22,253

Comprehensive income (loss)
4,448

 
45,042

 
32,205

 
75,385

Less: comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest
584

 
1,447

 
1,298

 
3,064

Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Masonite
$
3,864

 
$
43,595

 
$
30,907

 
$
72,321


See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MASONITE INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share amounts)
(Unaudited)
ASSETS
July 1,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
Current assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
30,151

 
$
176,669

Restricted cash
10,485

 
11,895

Accounts receivable, net
310,635

 
269,235

Inventories, net
244,424

 
234,042

Prepaid expenses
30,183

 
27,665

Income taxes receivable
2,083

 
2,364

Total current assets
627,961

 
721,870

Property, plant and equipment, net
590,998

 
573,559

Investment in equity investees
12,091

 
11,310

Goodwill
179,103

 
138,449

Intangible assets, net
229,209

 
182,484

Long-term deferred income taxes
27,184

 
29,899

Other assets, net
28,403

 
22,687

Total assets
$
1,694,949

 
$
1,680,258

 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
112,730

 
$
94,497

Accrued expenses
134,836

 
126,759

Income taxes payable
2,286

 
869

Total current liabilities
249,852

 
222,125

Long-term debt
625,579

 
625,657

Long-term deferred income taxes
77,017

 
60,820

Other liabilities
32,986

 
35,754

Total liabilities
985,434

 
944,356

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 9)


 


Equity:
 
 
 
Share capital: unlimited shares authorized, no par value, 27,597,126 and 28,369,877 shares issued and outstanding as of July 1, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively
614,371

 
624,403

Additional paid-in capital
219,931

 
226,528

Accumulated deficit
(2,023
)
 
(18,150
)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
(134,812
)
 
(110,152
)
Total equity attributable to Masonite
697,467

 
722,629

Equity attributable to non-controlling interests
12,048

 
13,273

Total equity
709,515

 
735,902

Total liabilities and equity
$
1,694,949

 
$
1,680,258


See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MASONITE INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share amounts)
(Unaudited)
 
 
Common Shares Outstanding
 
Share Capital
 
Additional Paid-In Capital
 
Accumulated Deficit
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
Total Equity Attributable to Masonite
 
Equity Attributable to Non-controlling Interests
 
Total Equity
Balances as of January 1, 2017
 
29,774,784

 
$
650,007

 
$
234,926

 
$
(89,063
)
 
$
(148,986
)
 
$
646,884

 
$
12,892

 
$
659,776

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
151,739

 
 
 
151,739

 
5,242

 
156,981

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
38,834

 
38,834

 
752

 
39,586

Dividends to non-controlling interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
—

 
(5,613
)
 
(5,613
)
Share based compensation expense
 
 
 
 
 
11,644

 
 
 
 
 
11,644

 
 
 
11,644

Common shares issued for delivery of share based awards
 
372,826

 
12,290

 
(12,290
)
 
 
 
 
 
—

 
 
 
—

Common shares withheld to cover income taxes payable due to delivery of share based awards
 
 
 
 
 
(7,466
)
 
 
 
 
 
(7,466
)
 
 
 
(7,466
)
Common shares issued under employee stock purchase plan
 
16,368

 
1,168

 
(286
)
 
 
 
 
 
882

 
 
 
882

Common shares repurchased and retired
 
(1,794,101
)
 
(39,062
)
 
 
 
(80,826
)
 
 
 
(119,888
)
 
 
 
(119,888
)
Balances as of December 31, 2017
 
28,369,877

 
$
624,403

 
$
226,528

 
$
(18,150
)
 
$
(110,152
)
 
$
722,629

 
$
13,273

 
$
735,902

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
55,567

 
 
 
55,567

 
1,910

 
57,477

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(24,660
)
 
(24,660
)
 
(612
)
 
(25,272
)
Dividends to non-controlling interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
—

 
(2,523
)
 
(2,523
)
Share based compensation expense
 
 
 
 
 
6,603

 
 
 
 
 
6,603

 
 
 
6,603

Common shares issued for delivery of share based awards
 
181,397

 
10,698

 
(10,698
)
 
 
 
 
 
—

 
 
 
—

Common shares withheld to cover income taxes payable due to delivery of share based awards
 
 
 
 
 
(2,423
)
 
 
 
 
 
(2,423
)
 
 
 
(2,423
)
Common shares issued under employee stock purchase plan
 
7,386

 
499

 
(79
)
 
 
 
 
 
420

 
 
 
420

Common shares repurchased and retired
 
(961,534
)
 
(21,229
)
 
 
 
(39,440
)
 
 
 
(60,669
)
 
 
 
(60,669
)
Balances as of July 1, 2018
 
27,597,126

 
$
614,371

 
$
219,931

 
$
(2,023
)
 
$
(134,812
)
 
$
697,467

 
$
12,048

 
$
709,515


See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

MASONITE INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands of U.S. dollars)
(Unaudited)
 
Six Months Ended
Cash flows from operating activities:
July 1,
2018
 
July 2,
2017
Net income (loss)
$
57,477

 
$
53,132

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash flow provided by (used in) operating activities:
 
 
 
Loss (income) from discontinued operations, net of tax
381

 
379

Loss (gain) on disposal of subsidiaries
—

 
212

Depreciation
27,634

 
29,301

Amortization
13,910

 
11,566

Share based compensation expense
6,603

 
5,954

Deferred income taxes
7,234

 
5,652

Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain)
(2,079
)
 
776

Share of loss (income) from equity investees, net of tax
(781
)
 
(829
)
Pension and post-retirement expense (funding), net
(3,302
)
 
(3,120
)
Non-cash accruals and interest
457

 
644

Loss (gain) on sale of property, plant and equipment
2,512

 
141

Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
(39,982
)
 
(47,988
)
Inventories
(2,799
)
 
(19,497
)
Prepaid expenses
(1,941
)
 
(685
)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
27,623

 
17,965

Other assets and liabilities
(4,970
)
 
(5,661
)
Net cash flow provided by (used in) operating activities
87,977

 
47,942

Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment
1,367

 
802

Additions to property, plant and equipment
(33,835
)
 
(35,497
)
Cash used in acquisitions, net of cash acquired
(135,600
)
 
—

Other investing activities
(1,825
)
 
(1,952
)
Net cash flow provided by (used in) investing activities
(169,893
)
 
(36,647
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
—

 
746

Repayments of long-term debt
(196
)
 
(239
)
Proceeds from borrowings on revolving credit facilities
—

 
5,000

Tax withholding on share based awards
(2,423
)
 
(6,167
)
Distributions to non-controlling interests
(2,523
)
 
(1,155
)
Repurchases of common shares
(60,669
)
 
(37,886
)
Net cash flow provided by (used in) financing activities
(65,811
)
 
(39,701
)
Net foreign currency translation adjustment on cash
(201
)
 
(1,962
)
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
(147,928
)
 
(30,368
)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period
188,564

 
83,910

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, at end of period
$
40,636

 
$
53,542


See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MASONITE INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)



1. Business Overview and Significant Accounting Policies
Unless we state otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to "Masonite," "we," "our," "us" and the "Company" in these notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements refer to Masonite International Corporation and its subsidiaries.
Description of Business
Masonite International Corporation is one of the largest manufacturers of doors in the world, with significant market share in both interior and exterior door products. Masonite operates 67 manufacturing locations in 8 countries and sells doors to customers throughout the world, including the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom.
Basis of Presentation
We prepare these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and applicable rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments consisting of normal and recurring entries considered necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented have been included. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts in the financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements; therefore, actual results could differ from those estimates. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results for a full year.
These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, as filed with the SEC. Our fiscal year is the 52- or 53-week period ending on the Sunday closest to December 31. In a 52-week year, each fiscal quarter consists of 13 weeks. For ease of disclosure, the 13- and 26-week periods are referred to as three- and six-month periods, respectively. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current basis of presentation, related to Accounting Standards Updates ("ASU") 2017-07 and 2016-18, as described below.
Changes in Accounting Standards and Policies
There have been no changes in the significant accounting policies from those that were disclosed in the fiscal year 2017 audited consolidated financial statements, other than as noted below.
Adoption of Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2017-07, “Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,” which amended Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 715, “Retirement Benefits”. This ASU required disaggregation of the service cost component from the other components of net benefit cost. The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations. This standard was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years; early adoption was permitted and retrospective application was required. We have utilized the practical expedient allowing the use of the prior years' disclosed service cost and other cost as the basis for our retrospective changes in presentation. The adoption of this standard changed the presentation of the other components of net benefit cost in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), requiring the reclassification of a $0.3 million and $0.5 million benefit related to other components of net benefit cost out of previously-presented selling, general and administration expense and into previously presented other expense (income), net, for the three and six months ended July 2, 2017, respectively. The effect of this reclassification reduced previously-presented operating income by this amount for the same periods. The total benefit which will be reclassified for the years ended December 31, 2017, and January 1, 2017, will be $1.1 million and $0.5 million, respectively.

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)


In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, "Restricted Cash Flows", which amended ASC 230 "Statement of Cash Flows". This ASU clarified how entities should present restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. The new guidance requires entities to show the changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. As a result, entities no longer present transfers between cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. This ASU was effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods; early adoption was permitted and retrospective application was required. The adoption of this standard changed the presentation of restricted cash in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, which is now being combined with cash and cash equivalents, and had the effect of a $0.3 million decrease to previously-presented cash flow used in investing activities for the six months ended July 2, 2017.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," which created ASC 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," and largely superseded the existing guidance of ASC 605, "Revenue Recognition." This standard outlined a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and superseded most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The core principle of the revenue model is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Deferral of the Effective Date," and the guidance would now be effective for annual and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017. We have adopted the guidance of ASC 606 as of January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method and have applied the standard to only those contracts which were not completed as of the transition date. The adoption of this standard did not have any material impact on revenues in the three months ended April 1, 2018. Prior period amounts were not adjusted and have continued to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. While we considered an adjustment to opening retained earnings as prescribed by the modified retrospective method, there was no material adjustment ultimately required. Furthermore, there was no material difference between the prior period amounts as reported under ASC 605 and such amounts as would have been reported under ASC 606. Information about the nature, amount and timing of our revenues from contracts with customers is disclosed in Note 10. Revenues. Our accounting policy for revenue recognition is set forth below.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue from the sale of products is recognized when control of the promised goods is transferred to our customers based on the agreed-upon shipping terms, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Volume rebates, expected returns, discounts and other incentives to customers are considered variable consideration and we estimate these amounts based on the expected amount to be provided to customers and reduce the revenues we recognize accordingly. Sales taxes and value added taxes assessed by governmental entities are excluded from the measurement of consideration expected to be received. Shipping and handling costs incurred after a customer has taken possession of our goods are treated as a fulfillment cost and are not considered a separate performance obligation. Shipping and other transportation costs charged to customers are recorded in both revenues and cost of goods sold in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).
Other Recent Accounting Pronouncements not yet Adopted
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)", which will replace the existing guidance in ASC 840, "Leases." The updated standard aims to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by requiring lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and requiring disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods; early adoption is permitted and modified retrospective application is required. We are currently implementing a new lease system in connection with the adoption of ASU 2016-02. We are progressing with implementation and continuing to evaluate the impact on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures. We currently anticipate that the primary impact upon adoption will be a material adjustment to our consolidated balance sheets from the recognition, on a discounted basis, of our expected future payments for our operating leases, resulting in the recognition of right to use assets and lease obligations. Our current minimum undiscounted lease commitments under non-cancelable operating leases are disclosed in Note 9. Commitments and Contingencies.

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)


2. Acquisitions and Disposition
2018 Acquisitions
On June 1, 2018, we completed the acquisition of the operating assets of the wood door companies of AADG, Inc., which includes the brands Graham Manufacturing Corporation and The Maiman Company (collectively, "Graham & Maiman"). We acquired the operating assets of Graham & Maiman for cash consideration of $39.3 million. Graham & Maiman are based in Mason City, Iowa, and Springfield, Missouri. Graham & Maiman provide the non-residential construction industry with a full range of architectural premium and custom grade flush wood doors, architectural stile and rail wood doors, thermal-fused flush wood doors and wood door frames. The preliminary excess purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired of $10.7 million was allocated to goodwill. The goodwill principally represents anticipated synergies to be gained from the integration into our existing Architectural business and the goodwill is deductible for tax purposes.
On January 29, 2018, we completed the acquisition of DW3 Products Holdings Limited (“DW3”), a leading UK provider of high quality premium door solutions and window systems, supplying products under brand names such as Solidor, Residor, Nicedor and Residence. We acquired 100% of the equity interests in DW3 for cash consideration of $96.3 million, net of cash acquired. DW3 is based in Stoke-on-Trent and Gloucester, England, and their online quick ship capabilities and product portfolio both complement and expand the strategies we are pursuing with our business. The excess purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired of $33.6 million was allocated to goodwill. The goodwill principally represents anticipated synergies to be gained from the integration into our existing United Kingdom business. This goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes and relates to the Europe segment. 
The fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Graham & Maiman and DW3 acquisitions are as follows:
(In thousands)
Graham & Maiman
 
DW3
 
Total 2018 Acquisitions
Accounts receivable
$
—

 
$
8,590

 
$
8,590

Inventory
6,414

 
5,059

 
11,473

Property, plant and equipment
19,557

 
8,196

 
27,753

Goodwill
10,696

 
33,623

 
44,319

Intangible assets
2,750

 
62,873

 
65,623

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
(126
)
 
(10,418
)
 
(10,544
)
Deferred income taxes
—

 
(11,546
)
 
(11,546
)
Other assets and liabilities, net
—

 
(68
)
 
(68
)
Cash consideration, net of cash acquired
$
39,291

 
$
96,309

 
$
135,600

The fair values of tangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed from the Graham & Maiman acquisition were based upon preliminary calculations and valuations and the estimates and assumptions are subject to change as we obtain additional information during the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date). The primary areas of the preliminary estimate which are not yet finalized relate to customer relationships, income tax liabilities and goodwill. The gross contractual value of acquired trade receivables was $9.1 million for the DW3 acquisition. The fair values of intangible assets acquired are based on management's estimates and assumptions including variations of the income approach, the cost approach and the market approach. The intangible assets acquired are not expected to have any residual value. During the three months ended July 1, 2018, we finalized the valuation of customer relationships, income tax liabilities and goodwill for the DW3 acquisition, which resulted in a difference in the purchase price allocation when compared to the previously-presented preliminary purchase price allocation.

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)


Intangible assets acquired from the 2018 Acquisitions consist of the following:
(In thousands)
Graham & Maiman
 
Expected Useful Life (Years)
 
DW3
 
Expected Useful Life (Years)
Customer relationships
$
2,400

 
10.0
 
$
49,554

 
10.0
Trademarks and trade names
350

 
1.5
 
11,785

 
10.0
Patents
—

 
 
 
1,420

 
10.0
Other
—

 
 
 
114

 
3.0
Total intangible assets acquired
$
2,750

 
 
 
$
62,873

 
 
The following schedule represents the amounts of net sales and net income (loss) attributable to Masonite from the 2018 Acquisitions which have been included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the periods indicated subsequent to the acquisition date.
 
Three Months Ended July 1, 2018
(In thousands)
Graham & Maiman
 
DW3
 
Total 2018 Acquisitions
Net sales
$
6,266

 
$
18,351

 
$
24,617

Net income (loss) attributable to Masonite
302

 
1,145

 
1,447

 
Six Months Ended July 1, 2018
(In thousands)
Graham & Maiman
 
DW3
 
Total 2018 Acquisitions
Net sales
$
6,266

 
$
29,549

 
$
35,815

Net income (loss) attributable to Masonite
302

 
2,093

 
2,395

2017 Acquisition
On October 2, 2017, we completed the acquisition of A&F Wood Products, Inc. (“A&F”), through the purchase of 100% of the equity interests in A&F and certain assets of affiliates of A&F for cash consideration of $13.8 million, net of cash acquired. A&F is based in Howell, Michigan, and is a wholesaler and fabricator of architectural and commercial doors in the Midwest United States. The excess purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired of $5.9 million was allocated to goodwill. The goodwill principally represents anticipated synergies from A&F's integration into our existing Architectural door business. This goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes and relates to the Architectural segment. Additional information relating to the A&F acquisition is described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.    
Pro Forma Information
The following unaudited pro forma financial information represents the consolidated financial information as if the acquisitions had been included in our consolidated results beginning on the first day of the fiscal year prior to their respective acquisition dates. The pro forma results have been calculated after adjusting the results of the acquired entities to remove intercompany transactions and transaction costs incurred and to reflect the additional depreciation and amortization that would have been charged assuming the fair value adjustments to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets had been applied on the first day of the fiscal year prior to the respective acquisitions, together with the consequential tax effects. The pro forma results do not reflect any cost savings, operating synergies or revenue enhancements that the combined company may achieve as a result of the acquisitions; the costs to combine the companies' operations; or the costs necessary to achieve these costs savings, operating synergies and revenue enhancements. The pro forma results do not necessarily reflect the actual results of operations of the combined companies' under our ownership and operation.

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)


 
Three Months Ended July 1, 2018
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Masonite
 
Graham & Maiman
 
Historical Sales to 2018 Acquisitions
 
Pro Forma
Net sales
$
566,726

 
$
11,288

 
$
(197
)
 
$
577,817

Net income (loss) attributable to Masonite
34,741

 
(114
)
 
(22
)
 
34,605

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings (loss) per common share
$
1.26

 
 
 
 
 
$
1.25

Diluted earnings (loss) per common share
1.24

 
 
 
 
 
1.23

 
Three Months Ended July 2, 2017
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Masonite
 
Graham & Maiman
 
DW3
 
A&F
 
Historical Sales to 2018 and 2017 Acquisitions
 
Pro Forma
Net sales
$
519,741

 
$
17,604

 
$
13,736

 
$
3,672

 
$
(1,177
)
 
$
553,576

Net income (loss) attributable to Masonite
26,884

 
(111
)
 
575

 
371

 
(73
)
 
27,646

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings (loss) per common share
$
0.90

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
0.93

Diluted earnings (loss) per common share
0.89

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0.91

 
Six Months Ended July 1, 2018
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Masonite
 
Graham & Maiman
 
DW3
 
Historical Sales to 2018 Acquisitions
 
Pro Forma
Net sales
$
1,084,605

 
$
26,887

 
$
4,918

 
$
(651
)
 
$
1,115,759

Net income (loss) attributable to Masonite
55,567

 
89

 
81

 
(63
)
 
55,674

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings (loss) per common share
$
1.99

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
2.00

Diluted earnings (loss) per common share
1.96

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.96

 
Six Months Ended July 2, 2017
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Masonite
 
Graham & Maiman
 
DW3
 
A&F
 
Historical Sales to 2018 and 2017 Acquisitions
 
Pro Forma
Net sales
$
1,006,922

 
$
34,440

 
$
26,430

 
$
6,812

 
$
(3,441
)
 
$
1,071,163

Net income (loss) attributable to Masonite
50,449

 
54

 
442

 
564

 
(170
)
 
51,339

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings (loss) per common share
$
1.69

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
1.72

Diluted earnings (loss) per common share
1.66

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.69


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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)


Disposition
On June 28, 2017, we completed the liquidation of our legal entity in Hungary. As a result, we recognized $0.2 million of cumulative translation adjustment in loss (gain) on disposal of subsidiaries from accumulated other comprehensive income during the three months ended July 2, 2017.
3. Accounts Receivable
Our customers consist mainly of wholesale distributors, dealers, homebuilders and retail home centers. Our ten largest customers accounted for 52.4% and 56.2% of total accounts receivable as of July 1, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively. Our largest customer, The Home Depot, Inc., accounted for more than 10% of the consolidated gross accounts receivable balance as of July 1, 2018, and December 31, 2017. Our second largest customer, Lowe's Co. Inc., accounted for more than 10% of the consolidated gross accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2017. The allowance for doubtful accounts balance was $1.6 million and $1.8 million as of July 1, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively.
We maintain an accounts receivable sales program with a third party (the "AR Sales Program"). Under the AR Sales Program, we can transfer ownership of eligible trade accounts receivable of certain customers. Receivables are sold outright to a third party that assumes the full risk of collection, without recourse to us in the event of a loss. Transfers of receivables under this program are accounted for as sales. Proceeds from the transfers reflect the face value of the accounts receivable less a discount. Receivables sold under the AR Sales Program are excluded from trade accounts receivable in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and are included in cash flows from operating activities in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. The discounts on the sales of trade accounts receivable sold under the AR Sales Program were not material for any of the periods presented and were recorded in selling, general and administration expense within the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).
4. Inventories
The amounts of inventory on hand were as follows as of the dates indicated:
(In thousands)
July 1,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
Raw materials
$
174,919

 
$
172,960

Finished goods
77,593

 
68,851

Provision for obsolete or aged inventory
(8,088
)
 
(7,769
)
Inventories, net
$
244,424

 
$
234,042

5. Property, Plant and Equipment
The carrying amounts of our property, plant and equipment and accumulated depreciation were as follows as of the dates indicated:
(In thousands)
July 1,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
Land
$
29,037

 
$
26,790

Buildings
178,535

 
176,077

Machinery and equipment
688,407

 
661,026

Property, plant and equipment, gross
895,979

 
863,893

Accumulated depreciation
(304,981
)
 
(290,334
)
Property, plant and equipment, net
$
590,998

 
$
573,559


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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)


Total depreciation expense was $13.7 million and $27.6 million in the three and six months ended July 1, 2018, respectively, and $15.3 million and $29.3 million in the three and six months ended July 2, 2017, respectively. Depreciation expense is included primarily within cost of goods sold in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).
6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows as of the dates indicated:
(In thousands)
North American Residential
 
Europe
 
Architectural
 
Total
December 31, 2017
$
2,867

 
$
35,431

 
$
100,151

 
$
138,449

Goodwill from 2018 acquisitions
—

 
33,623

 
10,696

 
44,319

Foreign exchange fluctuations
(20
)
 
(3,461
)
 
(184
)
 
(3,665
)
July 1, 2018
$
2,847

 
$
65,593

 
$
110,663

 
$
179,103

The cost and accumulated amortization values of our intangible assets were as follows as of the dates indicated:
 
July 1, 2018
(In thousands)
 Cost
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Translation Adjustment
 
 Net Book Value
Definite life intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customer relationships
$
212,282

 
$
(89,735
)
 
$
(15,892
)
 
$
106,655

Patents
33,885

 
(22,814
)
 
(938
)
 
10,133

Software
34,933

 
(31,860
)
 
(201
)
 
2,872

Trademarks and tradenames
15,155

 
(2,895
)
 
(845
)
 
11,415

Other
12,340

 
(10,399
)
 
(1,784
)
 
157

Total definite life intangible assets
308,595

 
(157,703
)
 
(19,660
)
 
131,232

Indefinite life intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trademarks and tradenames
108,572

 
—

 
(10,595
)
 
97,977

Total intangible assets
$
417,167

 
$
(157,703
)
 
$
(30,255
)
 
$
229,209

 
December 31, 2017
(In thousands)
 Cost
 
 Accumulated Amortization
 
 Translation Adjustment
 
 Net Book Value
Definite life intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customer relationships
$
160,327

 
$
(79,628
)
 
$
(11,338
)
 
$
69,361

Patents
31,999

 
(21,768
)
 
(686
)
 
9,545

Software
33,574

 
(31,183
)
 
(190
)
 
2,201

Other
15,246

 
(11,836
)
 
(1,781
)
 
1,629

Total definite life intangible assets
241,146

 
(144,415
)
 
(13,995
)
 
82,736

Indefinite life intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trademarks and tradenames
108,572

 
—

 
(8,824
)
 
99,748

Total intangible assets
$
349,718

 
$
(144,415
)
 
$
(22,819
)
 
$
182,484

Amortization of intangible assets was $7.2 million and $13.3 million for the three and six months ended July 1, 2018, respectively, and $6.0 million and $11.9 million for the three and six months ended July 2, 2017, respectively. Amortization expense is classified within selling, general and administration expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)


The estimated future amortization of intangible assets with definite lives as of July 1, 2018, is as follows:
(In thousands)
 
Fiscal year:
 
2018 (remaining six months)
$
13,198

2019
24,980

2020
20,218

2021
16,992

2022
13,520

7. Accrued Expenses
The details of our accrued expenses were as follows as of the dates indicated:
(In thousands)
July 1,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
Accrued payroll
$
43,137

 
$
38,296

Accrued rebates
32,744

 
34,488

Accrued interest
10,987

 
10,688

Other accruals
47,968

 
43,287

Total accrued expenses
$
134,836

 
$
126,759

8. Long-Term Debt
(In thousands)
July 1,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
5.625% senior unsecured notes due 2023
$
625,000

 
$
625,000

Unamortized premium on 2023 Notes
5,167

 
5,714

Debt issuance costs for 2023 Notes
(5,889
)
 
(6,635
)
Capital lease obligations
176

 
378

Other long-term debt
1,125

 
1,200

Total long-term debt
$
625,579

 
$
625,657

Interest expense related to our consolidated indebtedness under senior unsecured notes was $8.9 million and $17.6 million for the three and six months ended July 1, 2018, respectively, and $6.9 million and $13.9 million for the three and six months ended July 2, 2017, respectively.
5.625% Senior Notes due 2023
On September 27, 2017, and March 23, 2015, we issued $150.0 million and $475.0 million aggregate principal senior unsecured notes, respectively (the "2023 Notes"). The 2023 Notes were issued in two private placements for resale to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and to buyers outside the United States pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act. The 2023 Notes were issued without registration rights and are not listed on any securities exchange. The 2023 Notes bear interest at 5.625% per annum, payable in cash semiannually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year and are due March 15, 2023. The 2023 Notes were issued at 104.0% and par in 2017 and 2015, respectively, and the resulting premium of $6.0 million is being amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2023 Notes using the effective interest method. We received net proceeds of $153.9 million and $467.9 million, respectively, after deducting $2.1 million and $7.1 million of debt issuance costs in 2017 and 2015, respectively. The debt issuance costs were capitalized as a reduction to the carrying value of debt and are being accreted to interest expense over the term of the 2023 Notes using the effective interest method. The net proceeds from the 2017 issuance of the 2023 Notes are for general corporate purposes. The net

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)


proceeds from the 2015 issuance of the 2023 Notes, together with available cash balances, were used to redeem $500.0 million aggregate principal of prior 8.25% senior unsecured notes due 2021 and to pay related premiums, fees and expenses.
Obligations under the 2023 Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior unsecured basis, by certain of our directly or indirectly wholly-owned subsidiaries. We may redeem the 2023 Notes, in whole or in part, at any time on or after March 15, 2018, at the applicable redemption prices specified under the indenture governing the 2023 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of redemption. If we experience certain changes of control or consummate certain asset sales and do not reinvest the net proceeds, we must offer to repurchase all of the 2023 Notes at a purchase price of 101.00% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the repurchase date.    
The indenture governing the 2023 Notes contains restrictive covenants that, among other things, limit our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to: (i) incur additional debt and issue disqualified or preferred stock, (ii) make restricted payments, (iii) sell assets, (iv) create or permit restrictions on the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions to the parent company, (v) create or incur certain liens, (vi) enter into sale and leaseback transactions, (vii) merge or consolidate with other entities and (viii) enter into transactions with affiliates. The foregoing limitations are subject to exceptions as set forth in the indenture governing the 2023 Notes. In addition, if in the future the 2023 Notes have an investment grade rating from at least two nationally recognized statistical rating organizations, certain of these covenants will be replaced with a less restrictive covenant. The indenture governing the 2023 Notes contains customary events of default (subject in certain cases to customary grace and cure periods). As of July 1, 2018, and December 31, 2017, we were in compliance with all covenants under the indenture governing the 2023 Notes.
ABL Facility
On April 9, 2015, we and certain of our subsidiaries entered into a $150.0 million asset-based revolving credit facility (the "ABL Facility") maturing on April 9, 2020. The borrowing base is calculated based on a percentage of the value of selected U.S. and Canadian accounts receivable and inventory, less certain ineligible amounts.
Obligations under the ABL Facility are secured by a first priority security interest in certain of the current assets of Masonite's United States and Canadian subsidiaries. In addition, obligations under the ABL Facility are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior secured basis, by certain of our directly or indirectly wholly-owned subsidiaries. Borrowings under the ABL Facility bear interest at a rate equal to, at our option, (i) the Base Rate, Canadian Prime Rate or Canadian Base Rate (each as defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement) plus a margin ranging from 0.25% to 0.75% per annum, or (ii) the Eurodollar Base Rate or BA Rate (each as defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement), plus a margin ranging from 1.25% to 1.75% per annum. In addition to paying interest on any outstanding principal under the ABL Facility a commitment fee is payable on the undrawn portion of the ABL Facility in an amount equal to 0.25% per annum of the average daily balance of unused commitments during each calendar quarter.
The ABL Facility contains various customary representations, warranties and covenants by us that, among other things, and subject to certain exceptions, restrict Masonite's ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to: (i) pay dividends on our common shares and make other restricted payments, (ii) make investments and acquisitions, (iii) engage in transactions with our affiliates, (iv) sell assets, (v) merge and (vi) create liens. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement amended the ABL Facility to, among other things, (i) permit us to incur unlimited unsecured debt as long as such debt does not contain covenants or default provisions that are more restrictive than those contained in the ABL Facility, (ii) permit us to incur debt as long as the pro forma secured leverage ratio is less than 4.5 to 1.0, and (iii) add certain additional exceptions and exemptions under the restricted payment, investment and indebtedness covenants (including increasing the amount of certain debt permitted to be incurred under an existing exception). As of July 1, 2018, and December 31, 2017, we were in compliance with all covenants under the credit agreement governing the ABL Facility and there were no amounts outstanding under the ABL Facility.

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(Unaudited)


9. Commitments and Contingencies
Leases
For lease agreements that provide for escalating rent payments or rent-free occupancy periods, we recognize rent expense on a straight line basis over the non-cancelable lease term and any option renewal period where failure to exercise such option would result in an economic penalty in such amount that renewal appears, at the inception of the lease, to be reasonably assured. The lease term commences on the date when all conditions precedent to our obligation to pay rent are satisfied. The leases contain provisions for renewal ranging from zero to three options of generally five years each. Minimum payments, for the following future periods, under non-cancelable operating leases and service agreements with initial or remaining terms of one year or more consist of the following:
(In thousands)
 
Fiscal year:
 
2018 (remaining six months)
$
12,615

2019
23,197

2020
21,409

2021
16,672

2022
12,523

Thereafter
55,818

Total future minimum lease payments
$
142,234

Total rent expense, including non-cancelable operating leases and month-to-month leases, was $7.8 million and $15.5 million for the three and six months ended July 1, 2018, respectively, and $7.2 million and $14.3 million for the three and six months ended July 2, 2017, respectively.
We have provided customary indemnifications to our landlords under certain property lease agreements for claims by third parties in connection with their use of the premises. We also have provided routine indemnifications against adverse effects related to changes in tax laws and patent infringements by third parties. The maximum amount of these indemnifications cannot be reasonably estimated due to their nature. In some cases, we have recourse against other parties to mitigate the risk of loss from these indemnifications. Historically, we have not made any significant payments relating to such indemnifications.
Legal Proceedings
The following discussion describes material developments in previously disclosed legal proceedings that occurred since December 31, 2017. Refer to Note 9. Commitments and Contingencies in the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, for a full description of these pending legal proceedings.
Mathis
In the Mathis matter, on March 29, 2018, and before any responsive pleadings were filed, the parties entered into a Settlement Agreement and General Release pursuant to which we made a nominal settlement payment in exchange for a general release and the lawsuit was dismissed with prejudice on April 23, 2018. In entering into the settlement, we denied all claims made in the lawsuit and denied any wrongdoing.
Byrd
In the Byrd matter, on March 22, 2018 the settlement previously agreed to by the parties received final court approval and the court dismissed the case. Payment of the settlement occurred on April 27, 2018. Payouts to class members were initiated on May 16, 2018. However, the court can reassert jurisdiction to enforce the settlement until the payout process is determined to be complete. The amount we paid as part of the settlement did not have a material impact on our financial condition or operating results.

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)


In addition, from time to time, we are involved in various claims, legal actions and government audits. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters, individually and in the aggregate, will not have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
10. Revenues
We derive our revenues primarily from the manufacture and delivery of doors and door components as performance obligations that arise from our contracts with customers are satisfied. Materially all of our revenues are generated from contracts with customers and the nature, timing and any uncertainty in the recognition of revenues are not affected by the type of good, customer or geographical region to which the performance obligation relates. Our contracts with our customers are generally in the form of purchase orders and the performance obligation arises upon receipt of the purchase order and agreement upon the transaction price. The performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time when control of the promised goods is transferred to the customer and payment terms vary from customer to customer. Payment terms are short-term, are customary for our industry and in some cases, early payment incentives are offered.
The transaction price recognized as revenue and accounts receivable is determined based upon a number of estimates, including:
•
Incentive-based volume rebates, which are based on individual rebate agreements with our customers, as well as historical and expected performance of each individual customer,
•
Estimated sales returns, which are based on historical returns as a percentage of revenues, and
•
Adjustments for early payment discounts offered by us.
Contract assets are represented by our trade accounts receivable balances on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, and are described in Note 3. Accounts Receivable. There were no other material contract assets or liabilities as of either July 1, 2018, or December 31, 2017. Our warranties are assurance-type warranties and do not represent separate performance obligations to our customers. There were no material impairment losses related to contract assets during the three or six months ended July 1, 2018, or July 2, 2017.
11. Share Based Compensation Plans
Share based compensation expense was $3.5 million and $6.6 million for the three and six months ended July 1, 2018, respectively, and $3.5 million and $6.0 million for the three and six months ended July 2, 2017, respectively. As of July 1, 2018, the total remaining unrecognized compensation expense related to share based compensation amounted to $20.1 million, which will be amortized over the weighted average remaining requisite service period of 1.9 years. Share based compensation expense is recognized using a graded-method approach, or to a lesser extent a cliff-vesting approach, depending on the terms of the individual award and is classified within selling, general and administration expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). All share based awards are settled through issuance of new shares of our common stock. The share based award agreements contain restrictions on sale or transfer other than in limited circumstances. All other transfers would cause the share based awards to become null and void.
Equity Incentive Plans
Prior to July 9, 2012, we had a management equity incentive plan (the "2009 Plan"). The 2009 Plan required granting by June 9, 2012, equity instruments which upon exercise would result in management (excluding directors) owning 9.55% of our common equity (3,554,811 shares) on a fully diluted basis, after giving consideration to the potential exercise of warrants and the equity instruments granted to directors. Under the 2009 Plan, we were required to issue equity instruments to directors that represented 0.90% (335,004 shares) of the common equity on a fully diluted basis. The requirement for issuance to employees was satisfied in June 2012, and the requirement for issuance to directors was satisfied in July 2009. No awards have been granted under the 2009 Plan since May 30, 2012, and no future awards will be granted under the 2009 Plan; however, all outstanding awards under the 2009 Plan will continue to be governed by their existing terms. Aside from shares issuable for outstanding awards, there are no further shares of common stock available for future issuance under the 2009 Plan.

15

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)


On July 12, 2012, the Board of Directors adopted the Masonite International Corporation 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, which was amended on June 21, 2013, by our Board of Directors, further amended and restated by our Board of Directors on February 23, 2015, and approved by our shareholders on May 12, 2015 (as amended and restated, the "2012 Plan"). The 2012 Plan was adopted because the Board believes awards granted will help to attract, motivate and retain employees and non-employee directors, align employee and stockholder interests and encourage a performance-based culture built on employee stock ownership. The 2012 Plan permits us to offer eligible directors, employees and consultants cash and share-based incentives, including stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, other share-based awards (including restricted stock units) and cash-based awards. The 2012 Plan is effective for ten years from the date of its adoption. Awards granted under the 2012 Plan are at the discretion of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. The Human Resources and Compensation Committee may grant any award under the 2012 Plan in the form of a performance award. The 2012 Plan may be amended, suspended or terminated by the Board at any time; provided, that any amendment, suspension or termination which impairs the rights of a participant is subject to such participant's consent and; provided further, that certain material amendments are subject to shareholder approval. The aggregate number of common shares that can be issued with respect to equity awards under the 2012 Plan cannot exceed 2,000,000 shares plus the number of shares subject to existing grants under the 2009 Plan that may expire or be forfeited or cancelled. As of July 1, 2018, there were 735,644 shares of common stock available for future issuance under the 2012 Plan.
Deferred Compensation Plan
We offer to certain of our employees and directors a Deferred Compensation Plan ("DCP"). The DCP is an unfunded non-qualified deferred compensation plan that permits those certain employees and directors to defer a portion of their compensation to a future time. Eligible employees may elect to defer a portion of their base salary, bonus and/or restricted stock units and eligible directors may defer a portion of their director fees or restricted stock units. All contributions to the DCP on behalf of the participant are fully vested (other than restricted stock unit deferrals which remain subject to the vesting terms of the applicable equity incentive plan) and placed into a grantor trust, commonly referred to as a "rabbi trust." Although we are permitted to make matching contributions under the terms of the DCP, we have not elected to do so. The DCP invests the contributions in diversified securities from a selection of investments and the participants choose their investments and may periodically reallocate the assets in their respective accounts. Participants are entitled to receive the benefits in their accounts upon separation of service or upon a specified date, with benefits payable as a single lump sum or in annual installments. All plan investments are categorized as having Level 1 valuation inputs as established by the FASB’s Fair Value Framework.
Assets of the rabbi trust, other than Company stock, are recorded at fair value and included in other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. These assets in the rabbi trust are classified as trading securities and changes in their fair values are recorded in other income (loss) in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). The liability relating to deferred compensation represents our obligation to distribute funds to the participants in the future and is included in other liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of July 1, 2018, the liability and asset relating to deferred compensation each had a fair value of $6.2 million. Any unfunded gain or loss relating to changes in the fair value of the deferred compensation liability is recognized in selling, general and administration expense in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). As of July 1, 2018, participation in the deferred compensation plan is limited and no restricted stock awards have been deferred into the deferred compensation plan.
Stock Appreciation Rights
We have granted Stock Appreciation Rights ("SARs") to certain employees under both the 2009 Plan and the 2012 Plan, which entitle the recipient to the appreciation in value of a number of common shares over the exercise price over a period of time, each as specified in the applicable award agreement. The exercise price of any SAR granted may not be less than the fair market value of our common shares on the date of grant. The compensation expense for the SARs is measured based on the fair value of the SARs at the date of grant and is recognized over the requisite service period. The SARs vest over a maximum of three years, have a life of ten years and settle in common shares. We recognize forfeitures of SARs in the period in which they occur.
The total fair value of SARs vested was $0.7 million and $0.4 million during the six months ended July 1, 2018, and July 2, 2017, respectively.

16

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)


Six Months Ended July 1, 2018
Stock Appreciation Rights
 
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
 
 Weighted Average Exercise Price
 
 Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
Outstanding, beginning of period
537,930

 
$
23,263

 
$
32.00

 
4.5
Granted
69,752

 

 
65.00

 
 
Exercised
(25,725
)
 
1,288

 
19.82

 
 
Outstanding, end of period
581,957

 
$
20,839

 
$
36.49

 
4.8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exercisable, end of period
459,072

 
$
20,085

 
$
28.30

 
3.6
Six Months Ended July 2, 2017
Stock Appreciation Rights
 
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
 
 Weighted Average Exercise Price
 
 Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
Outstanding, beginning of period
790,290

 
$
32,659

 
$
24.47

 
4.6
Granted
59,265

 
 
 
77.00

 
 
Exercised
(191,593
)
 
11,453

 
18.93

 
 
Forfeited
(10,357
)
 
 
 
64.32

 
 
Outstanding, end of period
647,605

 
$
29,365

 
$
30.29

 
4.6
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exercisable, end of period
545,422

 
$
28,573

 
$
23.11

 
3.9
The value of SARs granted is determined using the Black-Scholes Merton valuation model, and the corresponding expense is recognized over the average requisite service period of 2.0 years for all periods presented. Expected volatility is based upon the historical volatility of our public industry peers’ common shares amongst other considerations. The expected term is calculated using the simplified method, due to insufficient exercise activity during recent years as a basis from which to estimate future exercise patterns. The weighted average grant date assumptions used for the SARs granted were as follows for the periods indicated:
 
2018 Grants
 
2017 Grants
SAR value (model conclusion)
$
18.63

 
$
22.65

Risk-free rate
2.7
%
 
2.0
%
Expected dividend yield
0.0
%
 
0.0
%
Expected volatility
22.8
%
 
25.8
%
Expected term (years)
6.0

 
6.0

Restricted Stock Units
We have granted Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs") to directors and certain employees under both the 2009 Plan and the 2012 Plan. The RSUs confer the right to receive shares of our common stock at a specified future date or when certain conditions are met. The compensation expense for the RSUs awarded is based on the fair value of the RSUs at the date of grant and is recognized over the requisite service period. The RSUs vest over a maximum of three years and call for the underlying shares to be delivered no later than 30 days following the vesting date unless the participant is subject to a blackout period. In such case, the shares are to be delivered once the blackout restriction has been lifted. We recognize forfeitures of RSUs in the period in which they occur.

17

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)


 
Six Months Ended
 
July 1, 2018
 
July 2, 2017
 
Total Restricted Stock Units Outstanding
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
 
Total Restricted Stock Units Outstanding
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding, beginning of period
417,598

 
$
66.14

 
501,926

 
$
58.51

Granted
276,647

 
63.02

 
227,992

 
70.62

Delivered
(162,529
)
 
 
 
(186,312
)
 
 
Withheld to cover (1)
(41,557
)
 
 
 
(54,638
)
 
 
Forfeited
(9,831
)
 
 
 
(31,726
)
 
 
Outstanding, end of period
480,328

 
$
65.52

 
457,242

 
$
65.68

____________
(1) A portion of the vested RSUs delivered were net share settled to cover statutory requirements for income and other employment taxes. We remit the equivalent cash to the appropriate taxing authorities. These net share settlements had the effect of share repurchases by us as we reduced and retired the number of shares that would have otherwise been issued as a result of the vesting.
Approximately one-half of the RSUs granted during the six months ended July 1, 2018, vest at specified future dates with only service requirements, while the remaining portion of the RSUs vest based on both performance and service requirements. The expense for RSUs granted in the six months ended July 1, 2018, and July 2, 2017, is being recognized over the weighted average requisite service period of 2.6 and 2.7 years, respectively. During the six months ended July 1, 2018, there were 204,086 RSUs vested at a fair value of $13.1 million.
12. Restructuring Costs
Restructuring costs were not material in the three or six months ended July 1, 2018. The following table summarizes the restructuring charges recorded for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended July 2, 2017
(In thousands)
Europe
 
Architectural
 
Corporate & Other
 
Total
2016 Plan
$
—

 
$
503

 
$
—

 
$
503

2015 Plan
(96
)
 
—

 
24

 
(72
)
2014 Plan
—

 
—

 
(1,131
)
 
(1,131
)
Total Restructuring Costs
$
(96
)
 
$
503

 
$
(1,107
)
 
$
(700
)
 
Six Months Ended July 2, 2017
(In thousands)
Europe
 
Architectural
 
Corporate & Other
 
Total
2016 Plan
$
—

 
$
774

 
$
—

 
$
774

2015 Plan
(96
)
 
—

 
46

 
(50
)
2014 Plan
—

 
—

 
(1,131
)
 
(1,131
)
Total Restructuring Costs
$
(96
)
 
$
774

 
$
(1,085
)
 
$
(407
)

18

Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)


 
Cumulative Amount Incurred Through July 1, 2018
(In thousands)
North American Residential
 
Europe
 
Architectural
 
Corporate & Other
 
Total
2016 Plan
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
3,707

 
$
—

 
$
3,707

2015 Plan
—

 
2,335

 
—

 
3,274

 
5,609

2014 Plan
—

 
—

 
—

 
7,993

 
7,993

2013 Plan
3,025

 
2,733

 
—

 
2,157

 
7,915

2012 and Prior Plans
2,378

 
12,668

 
—

 
3,609

 
18,655

Total Restructuring Costs
$
5,403

 
$
17,736

 
$
3,707

 
$
17,033

 
$
43,879

Our restructuring plans initiated in 2016 and prior years are described in detail in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. Costs associated with our existing restructuring plans include severance and closure charges and are substantially completed. The 2013 Plan also included impairment of certain property, plant and equipment. Actions associated with all of our existing restructuring plans are substantially completed, although cash payments are expected to continue through 2019, primarily related to lease payments at closed facilities under our restructuring plans initiated in 2012 and prior years. As of July 1, 2018, we do not expect to incur any material future charges relating to any of our existing restructuring plans.
The changes in the accrual for restructuring by activity were as follows for the periods indicated:
(In thousands)
December 31,
2017
 
Cash Payments
 
July 1,
2018
2016 Plan
$
90

 
$
90

 
$
—

2012 and Prior Plans
194

 
70

 
124

Total
$
284

 
$
160

 
$
124

(In thousands)
January 1,
2017
 
Severance
 
Closure Costs
 
Cash Payments
 
July 2,
2017
2016 Plan
$
1,300

 
$
271

 
$
503

 
$
1,173

 
$
901

2015 Plan
282

 
46

 
(96
)
 
86

 
146

2014 Plan
426

 
—

 
(1,131
)
 
(1,119
)
 
414

2012 and Prior Plans
465

 
—

 
—

 
95

 
370

Total
$
2,473

 
$
317

 
$
(724
)
 
$
235

 
$
1,831

13. Income Taxes
The effective tax rate differs from the Canadian statutory rate of 26.5% primarily due to changes in our valuation allowances, tax exempt income and mix of earnings in foreign jurisdictions which are subject to tax rates that differ from the Canadian statutory rate. In addition, we recognized $0.1 million and $0.3 million of income tax benefit due to the exercise and delivery of share-based awards during the three and six months ended July 1, 2018, and $0.1 million and $5.1 million during the three and six months ended July 2, 2017.
In accordance with SAB 118, we have reflected the income tax effects of the aspects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 ("Tax Reform") for which the accounting under ASC 740 is complete. Our provision for income taxes does include estimates around the timing of certain deductions. To the extent those estimates change, there could be effects to income tax expense due to the change in the tax rate. We would expect to be complete with this analysis upon filing of our tax return in 2018. Additionally, the final impact of Tax Reform may differ from our estimates due to additional regulations that may be issued or changes in interpretations as we gain a more thorough understanding of the tax law. These changes could be material to income tax expense.

19

Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)


14. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share ("EPS") is calculated by dividing earnings attributable to Masonite by the weighted-average number of our common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing earnings attributable to Masonite by the weighted-average number of common shares plus the incremental number of shares issuable from non-vested and vested RSUs and SARs outstanding during the period.
(In thousands, except share and per share information)
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
July 1, 2018
 
July 2, 2017
 
July 1, 2018
 
July 2, 2017
Net income (loss) attributable to Masonite
$
34,741

 
$
26,884

 
$
55,567

 
$
50,449

Less: income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
(131
)
 
(134
)
 
(381
)
 
(379
)
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Masonite
$
34,872

 
$
27,018

 
$
55,948

 
$
50,828

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares used in computing basic earnings per share
27,609,132

 
29,789,955

 
27,899,461

 
29,825,527

Effect of dilutive securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Incremental shares issuable under share compensation plans and warrants
420,454

 
568,283

 
502,753

 
609,057

Shares used in computing diluted earnings per share
28,029,586

 
30,358,238

 
28,402,214

 
30,434,584

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings (loss) per common share attributable to Masonite:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Continuing operations attributable to Masonite
$
1.26

 
$
0.91

 
$
2.01

 
$
1.70

Discontinued operations attributable to Masonite, net of tax
—

 
(0.01
)
 
(0.02
)
 
(0.01
)
Total Basic earnings per common share attributable to Masonite
$
1.26

 
$
0.90

 
$
1.99

 
$
1.69

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share attributable to Masonite:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Continuing operations attributable to Masonite
$
1.24

 
$
0.89

 
$
1.97

 
$
1.67

Discontinued operations attributable to Masonite, net of tax
—

 
—

 
(0.01
)
 
(0.01
)
Total Diluted earnings per common share attributable to Masonite
$
1.24

 
$
0.89

 
$
1.96

 
$
1.66

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Anti-dilutive instruments excluded from diluted earnings per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock appreciation rights
51,129

 
55,955

 
51,129

 
55,955

The weighted average number of shares outstanding utilized for the diluted EPS calculation contemplates the exercise of all currently outstanding SARs and the conversion of all RSUs. The dilutive effect of such equity awards is calculated based on the weighted average share price for each fiscal period using the treasury stock method. For all periods presented, common shares issuable for stock appreciation rights which have a higher strike price than our weighted average market price have been excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.
15. Segment Information
Our reportable segments are organized and managed principally by end market: North American Residential, Europe and Architectural. The North American Residential reportable segment is the aggregation of the Wholesale and Retail operating segments. The Europe reportable segment is the aggregation of the United Kingdom and Central Eastern Europe operating segments. The Architectural reportable segment consists solely of the Architectural operating segment.

20

Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)


The Corporate & Other category includes unallocated corporate costs and the results of immaterial operating segments which were not aggregated into any reportable segment. Operating segments are aggregated into reportable segments only if they exhibit similar economic characteristics. In addition to similar economic characteristics we also consider the following factors in determining the reportable segments: the nature of business activities, the management structure directly accountable to our chief operating decision maker for operating and administrative activities, availability of discrete financial information and information presented to the Board of Directors and investors.
Our management reviews net sales and Adjusted EBITDA (as defined below) to evaluate segment performance and allocate resources. Net assets are not allocated to the reportable segments. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure which does not have a standardized meaning under GAAP and is unlikely to be comparable to similar measures used by other companies. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to either net income or operating cash flows determined in accordance with GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) attributable to Masonite adjusted to exclude the following items:
• depreciation;
• amortization;
• share based compensation expense;
• loss (gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment;
• registration and listing fees;
• restructuring costs;
• asset impairment;
• loss (gain) on disposal of subsidiaries;
• interest expense (income), net;
• loss on extinguishment of debt;
• other expense (income), net;
• income tax expense (benefit);
• loss (income) from discontinued operations, net of tax; and
• net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest.
This definition of Adjusted EBITDA differs from the definitions of EBITDA contained in the indenture governing the 2023 Notes and the credit agreement governing the ABL Facility. Adjusted EBITDA is used to evaluate and compare the performance of the segments and it is one of the primary measures used to determine employee incentive compensation. Intersegment transfers are negotiated on an arm’s length basis, using market prices. Certain information with respect to segments is as follows for the periods indicated:
(In thousands)
Three Months Ended July 1, 2018
(In thousands)
North American Residential
 
Europe
 
Architectural
 
Corporate & Other
 
Total
Net sales
$
378,936

 
$
101,389

 
$
86,552

 
$
6,317

 
$
573,194

Intersegment sales
(1,070
)
 
(643
)
 
(4,755
)
 
—

 
(6,468
)
Net sales to external customers
$
377,866

 
$
100,746

 
$
81,797

 
$
6,317

 
$
566,726

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjusted EBITDA
$
58,963

 
$
13,642

 
$
11,998

 
$
(6,317
)
 
$
78,286


21

Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)


(In thousands)
Three Months Ended July 2, 2017
(In thousands)
North American Residential
 
Europe
 
Architectural
 
Corporate & Other
 
Total
Net sales
$
368,869

 
$
75,626

 
$
77,837

 
$
4,513

 
$
526,845

Intersegment sales
(990
)
 
(1,791
)
 
(4,323
)
 
—

 
(7,104
)
Net sales to external customers
$
367,879

 
$
73,835

 
$
73,514

 
$
4,513

 
$
519,741

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjusted EBITDA
$
54,606

 
$
9,001

 
$
7,495

 
$
(2,831
)
 
$
68,271

(In thousands)
Six Months Ended July 1, 2018
(In thousands)
North American Residential
 
Europe
 
Architectural
 
Corporate & Other
 
Total
Net sales
$
739,478

 
$
189,141

 
$
158,116

 
$
10,741

 
$
1,097,476

Intersegment sales
(1,932
)
 
(1,291
)
 
(9,648
)
 
—

 
(12,871
)
Net sales to external customers
$
737,546

 
$
187,850

 
$
148,468

 
$
10,741

 
$
1,084,605

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjusted EBITDA
$
109,361

 
$
23,572

 
$
19,658

 
$
(12,891
)
 
$
139,700

(In thousands)
Six Months Ended July 2, 2017
(In thousands)
North American Residential
 
Europe
 
Architectural
 
Corporate & Other
 
Total
Net sales
$
707,998

 
$
146,453

 
$
153,756

 
$
11,854

 
$
1,020,061

Intersegment sales
(2,077
)
 
(2,647
)
 
(8,415
)
 
—

 
(13,139
)
Net sales to external customers
$
705,921

 
$
143,806

 
$
145,341

 
$
11,854

 
$
1,006,922

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjusted EBITDA
$
99,543

 
$
16,739

 
$
12,709

 
$
(8,126
)
 
$
120,865

As described in Note 1. Business Overview and Significant Accounting Policies, the adoption of ASU 2017-07 required a reclassification of prior periods' other expense (income), net. This resulted in a consolidated decrease of $0.3 million and $0.5 million to Adjusted EBITDA for the three and six months ended July 2, 2017, compared to the same figure previously presented. On a segment basis, Adjusted EBITDA for the Europe segment was increased by $0.1 million for both the three and six months ended July 2, 2017, while Adjusted EBITDA for the Corporate & Other category was decreased by $0.3 million, and $0.7 million for the three and six months ended July 2, 2017, respectively, compared to the same figures previously-presented. Amounts for the segments do not sum to consolidated amounts due to rounding.

22

Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)


A reconciliation of our consolidated Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss) attributable to Masonite is set forth as follows for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
(In thousands)
July 1, 2018
 
July 2, 2017
 
July 1, 2018
 
July 2, 2017
Adjusted EBITDA
$
78,286

 
$
68,271

 
$
139,700

 
$
120,865

Less (plus):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation
13,700

 
15,277

 
27,634

 
29,301

Amortization
7,325

 
5,596

 
13,910

 
11,566

Share based compensation expense
3,538

 
3,527

 
6,603

 
5,954

Loss (gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment
1,900

 
415

 
2,512

 
141

Restructuring costs
—

 
(700
)
 
—

 
(407
)
Loss (gain) on disposal of subsidiaries
—

 
212

 
—

 
212

Interest expense (income), net
9,074

 
7,112

 
17,830

 
14,136

Other expense (income), net
(970
)
 
(288
)
 
(1,242
)
 
(802
)
Income tax expense (benefit)
7,894

 
8,932

 
14,595

 
7,253

Loss (income) from discontinued operations, net of tax
131

 
134

 
381

 
379

Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest
953

 
1,170

 
1,910

 
2,683

Net income (loss) attributable to Masonite
$
34,741

 
$
26,884

 
$
55,567

 
$
50,449


23

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)


16. Other Comprehensive Income and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
A rollforward of the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is as follows for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
(In thousands)
July 1, 2018
 
July 2, 2017
 
July 1, 2018
 
July 2, 2017
Accumulated foreign currency translation gains (losses), beginning of period
$
(83,829
)
 
$
(122,450
)
 
$
(89,824
)
 
$
(127,433
)
Foreign currency translation gain (loss)
(31,445
)
 
16,539

 
(25,671
)
 
22,269

Income tax benefit (expense) on foreign currency translation gain (loss)
(21
)
 
59

 
(43
)
 
(584
)
Cumulative translation adjustment recognized upon deconsolidation of subsidiary
—

 
212

 
—

 
212

Less: foreign currency translation gain (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest
(369
)
 
277

 
(612
)
 
381

Accumulated foreign currency translation gains (losses), end of period
(114,926
)
 
(105,917
)
 
(114,926
)
 
(105,917
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated pension and other post-retirement adjustments, beginning of period
(20,106
)
 
(21,375
)
 
(20,328
)
 
(21,553
)
Amortization of actuarial net losses
299

 
292

 
599

 
584

Income tax benefit (expense) on amortization of actuarial net losses
(79
)
 
(114
)
 
(157
)
 
(228
)
Accumulated pension and other post-retirement adjustments
(19,886
)
 
(21,197
)
 
(19,886
)
 
(21,197
)
 
 
 


 
 
 


Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
$
(134,812
)
 
$
(127,114
)
 
$
(134,812
)
 
$
(127,114
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
$
(31,246
)
 
$
16,988

 
$
(25,272
)
 
$
22,253

Less: other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest
(369
)
 
277

 
(612
)
 
381

Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Masonite
$
(30,877
)
 
$
16,711

 
$
(24,660
)
 
$
21,872

Actuarial net losses are reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into cost of goods sold in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).
17. Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Certain cash and non-cash transactions were as follows for the periods indicated:
 
Six Months Ended
(In thousands)
July 1, 2018
 
July 2, 2017
Transactions involving cash:
 
 
 
Interest paid
$
17,775

 
$
13,901

Interest received
504

 
135

Income taxes paid
4,380

 
5,061

Income tax refunds
81

 
41

Non-cash transactions:
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment additions in accounts payable
2,717

 
4,203


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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)


The following reconciles total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of the dates indicated:
 
July 1, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents
$
30,151

 
$
176,669

Restricted cash
10,485

 
11,895

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
$
40,636

 
$
188,564

18. Variable Interest Entity
As of July 1, 2018, and December 31, 2017, we held an interest in one variable interest entity ("VIE"), Magna Foremost Sdn Bhd, which is located in Bintulu, Malaysia. The VIE is integrated into our supply chain and manufactures door facings. We are the primary beneficiary of the VIE via the terms of the existing operating principles with the VIE. As primary beneficiary via the operating principles, we receive a disproportionate amount of earnings on sales to third parties in relation to our voting interest, and as a result, receive a majority of the VIE’s residual returns. Sales to third parties did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. We also have the power to direct activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance. As its primary beneficiary, we have consolidated the results of the VIE. Our net cumulative investment in the VIE was comprised of the following as of the dates indicated:
(In thousands)
July 1,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
Current assets
$
7,497

 
$
7,213

Property, plant and equipment, net
10,286

 
11,344

Long-term deferred income taxes
5,335

 
5,472

Other assets, net
3,251

 
3,386

Current liabilities
(1,899
)
 
(2,326
)
Other long-term liabilities
(1,704
)
 
(1,699
)
Non-controlling interest
(3,093
)
 
(4,029
)
Net assets of the VIE consolidated by Masonite
$
19,673

 
$
19,361

Current assets include $3.3 million and $3.2 million of cash and cash equivalents as of July 1, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively. Assets recognized as a result of consolidating this VIE do not represent additional assets that could be used to satisfy claims against our general assets. Furthermore, liabilities recognized as a result of consolidating these entities do not represent additional claims on our general assets; rather, they represent claims against the specific assets of the consolidated VIE.
19. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts of our cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, income taxes receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and income taxes payable approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of those instruments. The estimated fair value of the 2023 Notes as of July 1, 2018, was $640.8 million, compared to a carrying value of $624.3 million, and the estimated fair value of the 2023 Notes as of December 31, 2017, was $653.6 million, compared to a carrying value of $624.1 million. This estimate is based on market quotes and calculations based on current market rates available to us and is categorized as having Level 2 valuation inputs as established by the FASB’s Fair Value Framework. Market quotes used in these calculations are based on bid prices for our debt instruments and are obtained from and corroborated with multiple independent sources. The market quotes obtained from independent sources are within the range of management’s expectations.

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") is based upon accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and discusses the financial condition and results of operations for Masonite International Corporation for the three and six months ended July 1, 2018, and July 2, 2017. In this MD&A, "Masonite," "we," "us," "our" and the "Company" refer to Masonite International Corporation and its subsidiaries.
This discussion should be read in conjunction with (i) the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and (ii) the annual audited consolidated financial statements, including the accompanying notes and MD&A, which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. The following discussion should also be read in conjunction with the disclosure under "Special Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements" elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our actual results could differ materially from the forward-looking statements as a result of these risks and uncertainties. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current basis of presentation.
Overview
We are a leading global designer, manufacturer and distributor of interior and exterior doors for the new construction and repair, renovation and remodeling sectors of the residential and the non-residential building construction markets. Since 1925, we have provided our customers with innovative products and superior service at compelling values. In order to better serve our customers and create sustainable competitive advantages, we focus on developing innovative products, advanced manufacturing capabilities and technology-driven sales and service solutions.
We market and sell our products to remodeling contractors, builders, homeowners, retailers, dealers, lumberyards, commercial and general contractors and architects through well-established wholesale, retail and direct distribution channels as part of our cross-merchandising strategy. Customers are provided a broad product offering of interior and exterior doors and entry systems at various price points. We manufacture a broad line of interior doors, including residential molded, flush, stile and rail, louver and specially-ordered commercial and architectural doors; door components for internal use and sale to other door manufacturers; and exterior residential steel, fiberglass and wood doors and entry systems.
We operate 67 manufacturing and distribution facilities in 8 countries in North America, South America, Europe and Asia, which are strategically located to serve our customers through multiple distribution channels. These distribution channels include: (i) direct distribution to retail home center customers and homebuilders; (ii) one-step distribution that sells directly to homebuilders and contractors; and (iii) two-step distribution through wholesale distributors. For retail home center customers, numerous door fabrication facilities provide value-added fabrication and logistical services, including pre-finishing and store delivery of pre-hung interior and exterior doors. We believe our ability to provide: (i) a broad product range; (ii) frequent, rapid, on-time and complete delivery; (iii) consistency in products and merchandising; (iv) national service; and (v) special order programs enables retail customers to increase comparable store sales and helps to differentiate us from our competitors. We believe investments in innovative new product manufacturing and distribution capabilities, coupled with an ongoing commitment to operational excellence, provide a strong platform for future growth.
Our reportable segments are organized and managed principally by end market: North American Residential, Europe and Architectural. In the six months ended July 1, 2018, we generated net sales of $737.5 million or 68.0%, $187.9 million or 17.3% and $148.5 million or 13.7% in our North American Residential, Europe and Architectural segments, respectively.
Key Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
Product Demand
There are numerous factors that influence overall market demand for our products. Demand for new homes, home improvement products and other building construction products have a direct impact on our financial condition and results of operations. Demand for our products may be impacted by changes in United States, Canadian, European, Asian or other global economic conditions, including inflation, deflation, interest rates, availability of capital, consumer

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spending rates, energy availability and costs, and the effects of governmental initiatives to manage economic conditions. Additionally, trends in residential new construction, repair, renovation and remodeling and architectural building construction may directly impact our financial performance. Accordingly, the following factors may have a direct impact on our business in the countries and regions in which our products are sold:
•
the strength of the economy;
•
the amount and type of residential and commercial construction;
•
housing sales and home values;
•
the age of existing home stock, home vacancy rates and foreclosures;
•
non-residential building occupancy rates;
•
increases in the cost of raw materials or wages or any shortage in supplies or labor;
•
the availability and cost of credit;
•
employment rates and consumer confidence; and
•
demographic factors such as immigration and migration of the population and trends in household formation.
Additionally, the United Kingdom's formal trigger of the two year process for its exit from the European Union, and related negotiations, has created uncertainty in European demand, particularly in the United Kingdom, which could have a material adverse effect on the demand for our products in the foreseeable future.
Product Pricing and Mix
The building products industry is highly competitive and we therefore face pressure on sales prices of our products. In addition, our competitors may adopt more aggressive sales policies and devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products than we do, which could result in a loss of customers. Our business in general is subject to changing consumer and industry trends, demands and preferences. Trends within the industry change often and our failure to anticipate, identify or quickly react to changes in these trends could lead to, among other things, rejection of a new product line and reduced demand and price reductions for our products, which could materially adversely affect us. Changes in consumer preferences may also lead to increased demand for our lower margin products relative to our higher margin products, which could reduce our future profitability.
Business Wins and Losses
Our customers consist mainly of wholesalers and retail home centers. In fiscal year 2017, our top ten customers together accounted for approximately 44% of our net sales and our top customer, The Home Depot, Inc. accounted for approximately 18% of our net sales. Net sales from customers that have accounted for a significant portion of our net sales in past periods, individually or as a group, may not continue in future periods, or if continued, may not reach or exceed historical levels in any period. Certain customers perform periodic product line reviews to assess their product offerings, which have, on past occasions, led to business wins and losses. In addition, as a result of competitive bidding processes, we may not be able to increase or maintain the margins at which we sell our products to our customers.
Foreign Exchange Rate Fluctuation
Our financial results may be adversely affected by fluctuating exchange rates. In the six months ended July 1, 2018, and July 2, 2017, approximately 36% and 34% of our net sales were generated outside of the United States, respectively. In addition, a significant percentage of our costs during the same period were not denominated in U.S. dollars. For example, for most of our manufacturing and distribution facilities, the prices for a significant portion of our raw materials are quoted in the domestic currency of the country where the facility is located or other currencies that are not U.S. dollars. We also have substantial assets outside the United States. As a result, the volatility in the price of the U.S. dollar has exposed, and in the future may continue to expose, us to currency exchange risks. Also, since our financial statements are denominated in U.S. dollars, changes in currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and other currencies have had, and will continue to have, an impact on many aspects of our financial results. Changes in currency exchange rates for any country in which we operate may require us to raise the prices of our products in that country or allow our competitors to sell their products at lower prices in that country. Unrealized exchange gains and losses arising from the translation of the financial statements of our non-U.S. functional currency operations are accumulated in the cumulative translation adjustments account in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

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Inflation
An increase in inflation has had and could have in the future a significant impact on our results of operations. Wage inflation, increased prices for raw materials or finished goods used in our products, higher inbound or outbound freight rates and/or interruptions in deliveries of raw materials or finished goods could adversely affect our profitability, margins and net sales, particularly if we are not able to pass these incremental costs on to our customers. In addition, interest rates normally increase during periods of rising inflation. Historically, as interest rates increase, demand for new homes and home improvement products decreases. An environment of gradual interest rate increases may, however, signify an improving economy or increasing real estate values, which in turn may stimulate increased home buying activity.
Seasonality
Our business is moderately seasonal and our net sales vary from quarter to quarter based upon the timing of the building season in our markets. Severe weather conditions in any quarter, such as unusually prolonged warm or cold conditions, rain, blizzards or hurricanes, could accelerate, delay or halt construction and renovation activity.
Acquisitions
We have pursued a strategic initiative of optimizing our global business portfolio. As part of this strategy, in the last several years we have pursued strategic acquisitions targeting companies who produce components for our existing operations, manufacture niche products and provide value-added services. Additionally, we target companies with strong brands, complementary technologies, attractive geographic footprints and opportunities for cost and distribution synergies. We also continuously analyze our operations to determine which businesses, market channels and products create the most value for our customers and acceptable returns for our shareholders.
•
Graham and Maiman: On June 1, 2018, we completed the acquisition of the operating assets of the wood door companies of AADG, Inc., which includes the brands Graham Manufacturing Corporation and The Maiman Company (collectively, "Graham & Maiman"). We acquired the operating assets of Graham & Maiman for cash consideration of $39.3 million. Graham & Maiman are based in Mason City, Iowa, and Springfield, Missouri. Graham & Maiman provide the non-residential construction industry with a full range of architectural premium and custom grade flush wood doors, architectural stile and rail wood doors, thermal-fused flush wood doors and wood door frames.
•
DW3: On January 29, 2018, we completed the acquisition of DW3 Products Holdings Limited (“DW3”), a leading UK provider of high quality premium door solutions and window systems, supplying products under brand names such as Solidor, Residor, Nicedor and Residence. We acquired 100% of the equity interests in DW3, funded solely by cash on hand of $96.3 million, net of cash acquired. DW3 is based in Stoke-on-Trent and Gloucester, England, and their online quick ship capabilities and product portfolio both complement and expand the strategies we are pursuing with our business.
•
A&F: On October 2, 2017, we completed the acquisition of A&F Wood Products, Inc. (“A&F”), through the purchase of 100% of the equity interests in A&F and certain assets of affiliates of A&F, funded solely by cash on hand of $13.8 million, net of cash acquired. A&F is based in Howell, Michigan, and is a wholesaler and fabricator of architectural and commercial doors in the Midwest United States.
Components of Results of Operations
There have been no material changes to the information provided in the section entitled "Components of Results of Operations" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. For the definition of and other information regarding Adjusted EBITDA, please see Note 15. Segment Information in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report.

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Results of Operations
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
(In thousands)
July 1, 2018
 
July 2, 2017
 
July 1, 2018
 
July 2, 2017
Net sales
$
566,726

 
$
519,741

 
$
1,084,605

 
$
1,006,922

Cost of goods sold
443,052

 
412,415

 
855,502

 
804,039

Gross profit
123,674

 
107,326

 
229,103

 
202,883

Gross profit as a % of net sales
21.8
%
 
20.6
%
 
21.1
%
 
20.1
%
Selling, general and administration expenses
71,851

 
63,870

 
140,062

 
128,980

Selling, general and administration expenses as a % of net sales
12.7
%
 
12.3
%
 
12.9
%
 
12.8
%
Restructuring costs, net
—

 
(700
)
 
—

 
(407
)
Loss (gain) on disposal of subsidiaries
—

 
212

 
—

 
212

Operating income (loss)
51,823

 
43,944

 
89,041

 
74,098

Interest expense (income), net
9,074

 
7,112

 
17,830

 
14,136

Other expense (income), net
(970
)
 
(288
)
 
(1,242
)
 
(802
)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (benefit)
43,719

 
37,120

 
72,453

 
60,764

Income tax expense (benefit)
7,894

 
8,932

 
14,595

 
7,253

Income (loss) from continuing operations
35,825

 
28,188

 
57,858

 
53,511

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
(131
)
 
(134
)
 
(381
)
 
(379
)
Net income (loss)
35,694

 
28,054

 
57,477

 
53,132

Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest
953

 
1,170

 
1,910

 
2,683

Net income (loss) attributable to Masonite
$
34,741

 
$
26,884

 
$
55,567

 
$
50,449

Three Months Ended July 1, 2018, Compared with Three Months Ended July 2, 2017
Net Sales
Net sales in the three months ended July 1, 2018, were $566.7 million, an increase of $47.0 million or 9.0% from $519.7 million in the three months ended July 2, 2017. Net sales in the second quarter of 2018 were positively impacted by $8.3 million as a result of foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Excluding this exchange rate impact, net sales would have increased by $38.7 million or 7.4%. Our 2018 and 2017 acquisitions contributed $27.1 million or 5.2% of incremental net sales in the second quarter of 2018. Average unit price increased net sales in the second quarter of 2018 by $15.2 million or 2.9% compared to the 2017 period. Lower base volume decreased net sales by $7.0 million or 1.3% in the second quarter of 2018 compared to the 2017 period. Net sales of components and other products to external customers were $3.4 million higher in the second quarter of 2018 compared to the 2017 period.

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Net Sales and Percentage of Net Sales by Reportable Segment
 
Three Months Ended
(In thousands)
July 1, 2018
 
July 2, 2017
North American Residential
$
378,936

 
$
368,869

North American Residential intersegment
(1,070
)
 
(990
)
North American Residential net sales to external customers
$
377,866

 
$
367,879

Percentage of consolidated net sales
66.7
%
 
70.8
%
 
 
 
 
Europe
$
101,389

 
$
75,626

Europe intersegment
(643
)
 
(1,791
)
Europe net sales to external customers
$
100,746

 
$
73,835

Percentage of consolidated net sales
17.8
%
 
14.2
%
 
 
 
 
Architectural
$
86,552

 
$
77,837

Architectural intersegment
(4,755
)
 
(4,323
)
Architectural net sales to external customers
$
81,797

 
$
73,514

Percentage of consolidated net sales
14.4
%
 
14.1
%
 
 
 
 
Corporate & Other net sales to external customers
$
6,317

 
$
4,513

 
 
 
 
Net sales to external customers
$
566,726

 
$
519,741

North American Residential
Net sales to external customers from facilities in the North American Residential segment in the three months ended July 1, 2018, were $377.9 million, an increase of $10.0 million or 2.7% from $367.9 million in the three months ended July 2, 2017. Net sales in the second quarter of 2018 were positively impacted by $2.7 million as a result of foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Excluding this exchange rate impact, net sales would have increased by $7.3 million or 2.0%. Average unit price increased net sales in the second quarter of 2018 by $4.3 million or 1.2% compared to the 2017 period. Higher volume increased net sales in the second quarter of 2018 by $1.0 million or 0.3% compared to the 2017 period. Net sales of components and other products to external customers were $2.0 million higher in the second quarter of 2018 compared to the 2017 period.
Europe
Net sales to external customers from facilities in the Europe segment in the three months ended July 1, 2018, were $100.7 million, an increase of $26.9 million or 36.4% from $73.8 million in the three months ended July 2, 2017. Net sales in the second quarter of 2018 were positively impacted by $5.1 million as a result of foreign exchange fluctuations. Excluding this exchange rate impact, net sales would have increased by $21.8 million or 29.5%. Our 2018 acquisition of DW3 contributed $18.3 million or 24.8% of incremental net sales in the second quarter of 2018. Average unit price increased net sales in the second quarter of 2018 by $4.5 million or 6.1% compared to the 2017 period. Lower base volume decreased net sales by $1.3 million or 1.8% in the second quarter of 2018 compared to the 2017 period. Net sales of components and other products to external customers were $0.3 million higher in the second quarter of 2018 compared to the 2017 period.
Architectural
Net sales to external customers from facilities in the Architectural segment in the three months ended July 1, 2018, were $81.8 million, an increase of $8.3 million or 11.3% from $73.5 million in the three months ended July 2, 2017. Net sales in the second quarter of 2018 were positively impacted by $0.4 million as a result of foreign exchange fluctuations. Excluding this exchange rate impact, net sales would have increased by $7.9 million or 10.7%. Our 2018

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acquisition of Graham & Maiman and our 2017 acquisition of A&F contributed $8.8 million or 12.0% of incremental net sales in the second quarter of 2018. Average unit price increased net sales in the second quarter of 2018 by $6.4 million or 8.7% compared to the 2017 period. Lower base volume decreased net sales in the second quarter of 2018 by $7.0 million or 9.5% compared to the 2017 period, due to service-level issues encountered with the closure of the Algoma facility, which ceased production during the second quarter of 2017. Net sales of components and other products to external customers were $0.3 million lower in the second quarter of 2018 compared to the 2017 period.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales was 78.2% and 79.4% for the three months ended July 1, 2018, and July 2, 2017, respectively. Distribution costs as a percentage of net sales in the second quarter of 2018 decreased by 0.7% compared to the 2017 period, due to increases in average unit price, freight efficiencies and lower distribution costs as a percent of net sales from our 2018 and 2017 acquisitions, partly offset by inflation. Direct labor costs, overhead and depreciation as a percentage of net sales in the second quarter of 2018 decreased by 0.4% each, compared to the 2017 period, driven by higher average unit price. Partly offsetting these decreases, material costs of sales in the second quarter of 2018 increased 0.7%, due to inflation.
Selling, General and Administration Expenses
In the three months ended July 1, 2018, selling, general and administration (“SG&A”) expenses, as a percentage of net sales, were 12.7% compared to 12.3% in the three months ended July 2, 2017, an increase of 40 basis points.
SG&A expenses in the three months ended July 1, 2018, were $71.9 million, an increase of $8.0 million from $63.9 million in the three months ended July 2, 2017. The overall increase included unfavorable foreign exchange impacts of $0.7 million. Excluding foreign exchange, the increase in SG&A was driven by incremental SG&A from our 2018 and 2017 acquisitions of $4.2 million and an increase in personnel costs of $3.3 million. These increases were partially offset by $0.2 million of other decreases. The incremental SG&A from our 2018 and 2017 acquisitions was driven by amortization of intangible assets, while the increase in personnel costs was primarily due to incentive compensation.
Restructuring Costs, Net
There were no material restructuring costs in the three months ended July 1, 2018. Restructuring costs in the three months ended July 2, 2017, netted to $0.7 million of income and were related primarily to a recovery of $1.1 million received in the final settlement of our 2014 Plan, partly offset by costs incurred for plant closure under the 2016 Plan. These plans are described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Loss (Gain) on Disposal of Subsidiaries
There was no loss (gain) on disposal of subsidiaries in the three months ended July 1, 2018, compared to a loss of $0.2 million in the three months ended July 2, 2017. The prior year loss arose as a result of the liquidation of our legal entity in Hungary and is comprised of the recognition of the cumulative translation adjustment out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
Interest Expense, Net
Interest expense, net, in the three months ended July 1, 2018, was $9.1 million, compared to $7.1 million in the three months ended July 2, 2017. This increase primarily relates to the issuance of $150.0 million aggregate principal amount of additional 2023 Senior Notes on September 27, 2017.
Other Expense (Income), Net
Other expense (income), net, in the three months ended July 1, 2018, was $(1.0) million compared to $(0.3) million in the three months ended July 2, 2017.

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Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Our income tax expense in the three months ended July 1, 2018, decreased by $1.0 million compared to the three months ended July 2, 2017, primarily due to the mix of income or losses within the tax jurisdictions with various tax rates in which we operate, income and losses in tax jurisdictions with existing valuation allowances, income tax benefits related to tax-exempt income and discrete income tax benefits of $1.3 million in the three months ended July 1, 2018, compared to $0.1 million of discrete income tax benefit recorded in the three months ended July 2, 2017. Discrete items may occur in any given year, but are not consistent from period to period.
Segment Information
 
Three Months Ended July 1, 2018
(In thousands)
North American Residential
 
Europe
 
Architectural
 
Corporate & Other
 
Total
Adjusted EBITDA
$
58,963

 
$
13,642

 
$
11,998

 
$
(6,317
)
 
$
78,286

Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of segment net sales
15.6
%
 
13.5
%
 
14.7
%
 
 
 
13.8
%
 
Three Months Ended July 2, 2017
(In thousands)
North American Residential
 
Europe
 
Architectural
 
Corporate & Other
 
Total
Adjusted EBITDA
$
54,606

 
$
9,001

 
$
7,495

 
$
(2,831
)
 
$
68,271

Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of segment net sales
14.8
%
 
12.2
%
 
10.2
%
 
 
 
13.1
%
The following reconciles Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss) attributable to Masonite:    
 
Three Months Ended July 1, 2018
(In thousands)
North American Residential
 
Europe
 
Architectural
 
Corporate & Other
 
Total
Adjusted EBITDA
$
58,963

 
$
13,642

 
$
11,998

 
$
(6,317
)
 
$
78,286

Less (plus):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation
7,090

 
2,575

 
2,192

 
1,843

 
13,700

Amortization
295

 
4,058

 
2,257

 
715

 
7,325

Share based compensation expense
—

 
—

 
—

 
3,538

 
3,538

Loss (gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment
472

 
6

 
24

 
1,398

 
1,900

Interest expense (income), net
—

 
—

 
—

 
9,074

 
9,074

Other expense (income), net
—

 
147

 
—

 
(1,117
)
 
(970
)
Income tax expense (benefit)
—

 
—

 
—

 
7,894

 
7,894

Loss (income) from discontinued operations, net of tax
—

 
—

 
—

 
131

 
131

Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest
891

 
—

 
—

 
62

 
953

Net income (loss) attributable to Masonite
$
50,215

 
$
6,856

 
$
7,525

 
$
(29,855
)
 
$
34,741


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Three Months Ended July 2, 2017
(In thousands)
North American Residential
 
Europe
 
Architectural
 
Corporate & Other
 
Total
Adjusted EBITDA
$
54,606

 
$
9,001

 
$
7,495

 
$
(2,831
)
 
$
68,271

Less (plus):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation
7,296

 
3,394

 
2,414

 
2,173

 
15,277

Amortization
642

 
2,028

 
2,155

 
771

 
5,596

Share based compensation expense
—

 
—

 
—

 
3,527

 
3,527

Loss (gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment
196

 
129

 
(166
)
 
256

 
415

Restructuring costs
—

 
(96
)
 
503

 
(1,107
)
 
(700
)
Loss (gain) on disposal of subsidiaries
—

 
212

 
—

 
—

 
212

Interest expense (income), net
—

 
—

 
—

 
7,112

 
7,112

Other expense (income), net
—

 
(16
)
 
—

 
(272
)
 
(288
)
Income tax expense (benefit)
—

 
—

 
—

 
8,932

 
8,932

Loss (income) from discontinued operations, net of tax
—

 
—

 
—

 
134

 
134

Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest
925

 
—

 
—

 
245

 
1,170

Net income (loss) attributable to Masonite
$
45,547

 
$
3,350

 
$
2,589

 
$
(24,602
)
 
$
26,884

Adjusted EBITDA in our North American Residential segment increased $4.4 million, or 8.1%, to $59.0 million in the three months ended July 1, 2018, from $54.6 million in the three months ended July 2, 2017. Adjusted EBITDA in the North American Residential segment included corporate allocations of shared costs of $13.6 million in both the second quarter of 2018 and 2017. The allocations generally consist of certain costs of human resources, legal, finance, information technology and research and development.
Adjusted EBITDA in our Europe segment increased $4.6 million, or 51.1%, to $13.6 million in the three months ended July 1, 2018, from $9.0 million in the three months ended July 2, 2017. This increase was primarily due to the impact of the DW3 acquisition.
Adjusted EBITDA in our Architectural segment increased $4.5 million, or 60.0%, to $12.0 million in the three months ended July 1, 2018, from $7.5 million in the three months ended July 2, 2017. This increase included the impacts of the A&F and Graham & Maiman acquisitions. Adjusted EBITDA in the Architectural segment also included corporate allocations of shared costs of $2.2 million in both the second quarter of 2018 and 2017. The allocations generally consist of certain costs of human resources, legal, finance, information technology and research and development.
Six Months Ended July 1, 2018, Compared with Six Months Ended July 2, 2017
Net Sales
Net sales in the six months ended July 1, 2018, were $1,084.6 million, an increase of $77.7 million or 7.7% from $1,006.9 million in the six months ended July 2, 2017. Net sales in the first six months of 2018 were positively impacted by $21.8 million as a result of foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Excluding this exchange rate impact, net sales would have increased by $55.9 million or 5.6%. Our 2018 and 2017 acquisitions contributed $41.2 million or 4.1% of incremental net sales in the first six months of 2018. Average unit price increased net sales in the first six months of 2018 by $30.4 million or 3.0% compared to the same period in 2017. Lower base volume decreased net sales by $16.7 million or 1.7% in the first six months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Net sales of components and other products to external customers, were $1.0 million higher in the first six months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

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Net Sales and Percentage of Net Sales by Reportable Segment
 
Six Months Ended
(In thousands)
July 1, 2018
 
July 2, 2017
North American Residential
$
739,478

 
$
707,998

North American Residential intersegment
(1,932
)
 
(2,077
)
North American Residential net sales to external customers
$
737,546

 
$
705,921

Percentage of consolidated net sales
68.0
%
 
70.1
%
 
 
 
 
Europe
$
189,141

 
$
146,453

Europe intersegment
(1,291
)
 
(2,647
)
Europe net sales to external customers
$
187,850

 
$
143,806

Percentage of consolidated net sales
17.3
%
 
14.3
%
 
 
 
 
Architectural
$
158,116

 
$
153,756

Architectural intersegment
(9,648
)
 
(8,415
)
Architectural net sales to external customers
$
148,468

 
$
145,341

Percentage of consolidated net sales
13.7
%
 
14.4
%
 
 
 
 
Corporate & Other net sales to external customers
$
10,741

 
$
11,854

 
 
 
 
Net sales to external customers
$
1,084,605

 
$
1,006,922

North American Residential
Net sales to external customers from facilities in the North American Residential segment in the six months ended July 1, 2018, were $737.5 million, an increase of $31.6 million or 4.5% from $705.9 million in the six months ended July 2, 2017. Net sales in the first six months of 2018 were positively impacted by $6.6 million as a result of foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Excluding this exchange rate impact, net sales would have increased by $25.0 million or 3.5%. Higher volume increased net sales in the first six months of 2018 by $12.4 million or 1.8% compared to the same period in 2017. Average unit price increased net sales in the first six months of 2018 by $10.7 million or 1.5% compared to the same period in 2017. Net sales of components and other products to external customers were $1.9 million higher in the first six months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.
Europe
Net sales to external customers from facilities in the Europe segment in the six months ended July 1, 2018, were $187.9 million, an increase of $44.1 million or 30.7% from $143.8 million in the six months ended July 2, 2017. Net sales in 2018 were positively impacted by $14.2 million as a result of foreign exchange fluctuations. Excluding this exchange rate impact, net sales would have increased by $29.9 million or 20.8%. Our 2018 acquisition of DW3 contributed $29.5 million or 20.5% of incremental net sales in the first six months of 2018. Average unit price increased net sales in the first six months of 2018 by $10.1 million or 7.0% compared to the same period in 2017. Lower base volume decreased net sales in the first six months of 2018 by $9.9 million or 6.9% compared to the same period in 2017 due primarily to unusually harsh weather conditions in the United Kingdom during the first quarter of 2018. Net sales of components and other products to external customers were $0.2 million higher in the first six months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

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Architectural
Net sales to external customers from facilities in the Architectural segment in the six months ended July 1, 2018, were $148.5 million, an increase of $3.2 million or 2.2% from $145.3 million in the six months ended July 2, 2017. Net sales in 2018 were positively impacted by $0.8 million as a result of foreign exchange fluctuations. Excluding this exchange rate impact, net sales would have increased by $2.4 million or 1.7%. Our 2018 acquisition of Graham & Maiman and our 2017 acquisition of A&F contributed $11.7 million or 8.1% of incremental net sales in the first six months of 2018. Average unit price increased net sales in the first six months of 2018 by $9.6 million or 6.6% compared to the 2017 period. Lower base volume decreased net sales in the first six months of 2018 by $18.1 million or 12.5% compared to the 2017 period, due to service-level issues encountered with the closure of the Algoma facility, which ceased production during the second quarter of 2017. Additionally, volume was slightly lower as a result of order flow in the first quarter due to timing of major projects. Net sales of components and other products to external customers were $0.8 million lower in the first six months of 2018 compared to the 2017 period.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales was 78.9% and 79.9% for the six months ended July 1, 2018, and July 2, 2017, respectively. Overhead, direct labor, distribution costs and depreciation as a percentage of net sales in the first six months of 2018 decreased 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.2% and 0.2%, respectively, over the 2017 period. The overhead and direct labor decreases were driven by higher average unit price. Distribution costs improved due to increases in average unit price, freight efficiencies and lower distribution costs as a percent of net sales from our 2018 and 2017 acquisitions, partly offset by inflation. Partially offsetting these increases, material cost of sales as a percentage of net sales in the first six months of 2018 increased 0.3% over the 2017 period, due to inflation.
Selling, General and Administration Expenses
In the six months ended July 1, 2018, SG&A expenses, as a percentage of net sales, were 12.9% compared to 12.8% the six months ended July 2, 2017, an increase of 10 basis points.
SG&A expenses in the six months ended July 1, 2018, were $140.1 million, an increase of $11.1 million from $129.0 million in the six months ended July 2, 2017. The overall increase included unfavorable foreign exchange impacts of $2.0 million. Excluding foreign exchange, the increase in SG&A was driven by incremental SG&A from our 2018 and 2017 acquisitions of $6.3 million and an increase in personnel costs of $3.6 million. These increases were partially offset by a $0.6 million decrease in marketing costs and $0.2 million of other decreases. The incremental SG&A from our 2018 and 2017 acquisitions was driven by amortization of intangible assets, while the increase in personnel costs was primarily due to incentive compensation.
Restructuring Costs, Net
There were no material restructuring costs in the six months ended July 1, 2018. Restructuring costs in the six months ended July 2, 2017, netted to $0.4 million of income and were related primarily to a recovery of $1.1 million received in the final settlement of our 2014 Plan, partly offset by costs incurred for severance and plant closure under the 2016 Plan. These plans are described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Loss (Gain) on Disposal of Subsidiaries
There was no loss (gain) on disposal of subsidiaries in the six months ended July 1, 2018, compared to a loss of $0.2 million in the six months ended July 2, 2017. The prior year loss arose as a result of the liquidation of our legal entity in Hungary and is comprised of the recognition of the cumulative translation adjustment out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
Interest Expense, Net
Interest expense, net, in the six months ended July 1, 2018, was $17.8 million, compared to $14.1 million in the six months ended July 2, 2017. This increase primarily relates to the issuance of $150.0 million aggregate principal amount of additional 2023 Senior Notes on September 27, 2017.

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Other Expense (Income), Net
Other expense (income), net, in the six months ended July 1, 2018, was $(1.2) million compared to $(0.8) million in the six months ended July 2, 2017.
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Our income tax expense in the six months ended July 1, 2018, increased by $7.3 million compared to the six months ended July 2, 2017, primarily due to (i) the $7.0 million reduction in discrete income tax benefit recorded as of the second quarter of 2018, which was driven by the $5.0 million of benefit due to exercise and delivery of share-based awards as of the second quarter of 2017 that did not recur as of the second quarter of 2018, and (ii) income and losses in tax jurisdictions with existing valuation allowances, including the increase in income tax expense in Canada due to the valuation allowance release recorded in the fourth quarter of 2017. Overall increases were partially offset by (i) the mix of income or losses within the tax jurisdictions with various tax rates in which we operate, including the decrease in tax rate in the United States resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 and (ii) discrete income tax benefits of $1.4 million recorded in the six months ended July 1, 2018.
Segment Information
 
Six Months Ended July 1, 2018
(In thousands)
North American Residential
 
Europe
 
Architectural
 
Corporate & Other
 
Total
Adjusted EBITDA
$
109,361

 
$
23,572

 
$
19,658

 
$
(12,891
)
 
$
139,700

Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of segment net sales
14.8
%
 
12.5
%
 
13.2
%
 
 
 
12.9
%
 
Six Months Ended July 2, 2017
(In thousands)
North American Residential
 
Europe
 
Architectural
 
Corporate & Other
 
Total
Adjusted EBITDA
$
99,543

 
$
16,739

 
$
12,709

 
$
(8,126
)
 
$
120,865

Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of segment net sales
14.1
%
 
11.6
%
 
8.7
%
 
 
 
12.0
%

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The following reconciles Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss) attributable to Masonite:
 
Six Months Ended July 1, 2018
(In thousands)
North American Residential
 
Europe
 
Architectural
 
Corporate & Other
 
Total
Adjusted EBITDA
$
109,361

 
$
23,572

 
$
19,658

 
$
(12,891
)
 
$
139,700

Less (plus):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation
14,434

 
4,878

 
4,222

 
4,100

 
27,634

Amortization
776

 
7,297

 
4,511

 
1,326

 
13,910

Share based compensation expense
—

 
—

 
—

 
6,603

 
6,603

Loss (gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment
1,005

 
6

 
103

 
1,398

 
2,512

Interest expense (income), net
—

 
—

 
—

 
17,830

 
17,830

Other expense (income), net
—

 
182

 
—

 
(1,424
)
 
(1,242
)
Income tax expense (benefit)
—

 
—

 
—

 
14,595

 
14,595

Loss (income) from discontinued operations, net of tax
—

 
—

 
—

 
381

 
381

Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest
1,861

 
—

 
—

 
49

 
1,910

Net income (loss) attributable to Masonite
$
91,285

 
$
11,209

 
$
10,822

 
$
(57,749
)
 
$
55,567

 
Six Months Ended July 2, 2017
(In thousands)
North American Residential
 
Europe
 
Architectural
 
Corporate & Other
 
Total
Adjusted EBITDA
$
99,543

 
$
16,739

 
$
12,709

 
$
(8,126
)
 
$
120,865

Less (plus):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation
14,780

 
5,204

 
4,784

 
4,533

 
29,301

Amortization
1,635

 
3,695

 
4,316

 
1,920

 
11,566

Share based compensation expense
—

 
—

 
—

 
5,954

 
5,954

Loss (gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment
(203
)
 
269

 
(193
)
 
268

 
141

Restructuring costs
—

 
(96
)
 
774

 
(1,085
)
 
(407
)
Loss (gain) on disposal of subsidiaries
—

 
212

 
—

 
—

 
212

Interest expense (income), net
—

 
—

 
—

 
14,136

 
14,136

Other expense (income), net
—

 
141

 
—

 
(943
)
 
(802
)
Income tax expense (benefit)
—

 
—

 
—

 
7,253

 
7,253

Loss (income) from discontinued operations, net of tax
—

 
—

 
—

 
379

 
379

Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest
1,842

 
—

 
—

 
841

 
2,683

Net income (loss) attributable to Masonite
$
81,489

 
$
7,314

 
$
3,028

 
$
(41,382
)
 
$
50,449

Adjusted EBITDA in our North American Residential segment increased $9.9 million, or 9.9%, to $109.4 million in the six months ended July 1, 2018, from $99.5 million in the six months ended July 2, 2017. Adjusted EBITDA in the North American Residential segment included corporate allocations of shared costs of $27.3 million in both 2018 and 2017. The allocations generally consist of certain costs of human resources, legal, finance, information technology and research and development.

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Adjusted EBITDA in our Europe segment increased $6.9 million, or 41.3%, to $23.6 million in the six months ended July 1, 2018, from $16.7 million in the six months ended July 2, 2017. This increase was primarily due to the impact of the DW3 acquisition.
Adjusted EBITDA in our Architectural segment increased $7.0 million, or 55.1%, to $19.7 million in the six months ended July 1, 2018, from $12.7 million in the six months ended July 2, 2017. This increase included the impacts of the A&F and Graham & Maiman acquisitions. Adjusted EBITDA in the Architectural segment also included corporate allocations of shared costs of $4.4 million in both 2018 and 2017. The allocations generally consist of certain costs of human resources, legal, finance, information technology and research and development.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our liquidity needs for operations vary throughout the year. Our principal sources of liquidity are cash flows from operating activities, the borrowings under our ABL Facility and accounts receivable sales program with a third party ("AR Sales Program") and our existing cash balance. Our anticipated uses of cash in the near term include working capital needs, capital expenditures and share repurchases. On a continual basis, we evaluate and consider strategic acquisitions, divestitures, and joint ventures to create shareholder value and enhance financial performance.
We believe that our cash balance on hand, future cash generated from operations, the use of our AR Sales Program, our ABL Facility, and ability to access the capital markets will provide adequate liquidity for the foreseeable future. As of July 1, 2018, we had $30.2 million of cash and cash equivalents, availability under our ABL Facility of $150.0 million and availability under our AR Sales Program of $13.1 million.
Cash Flows
Cash provided by operating activities was $88.0 million during the six months ended July 1, 2018, compared to $47.9 million in the six months ended July 2, 2017. This $40.1 million increase in cash provided by operating activities was partially due to a $6.1 million increase in our net income (loss) attributable to Masonite, adjusted for non-cash and non-operating items, with the balance attributable to changes in net working capital in the first six months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.
Cash used in investing activities was $169.9 million during the six months ended July 1, 2018, compared to $36.6 million in the six months ended July 2, 2017. This $133.3 million increase in cash used in investing activities was driven by $135.6 million of cash used in the DW3 and Graham & Maiman acquisitions (net of cash acquired), partly offset by a $1.7 million decrease in cash additions to property, plant and equipment and a decrease in other investing outflows of $0.6 million in the first six months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.
Cash used in financing activities was $65.8 million during the six months ended July 1, 2018, compared to $39.7 million during the six months ended July 2, 2017. This $26.1 million increase in cash used by financing activities was driven by a $22.8 million increase in cash used for repurchases of common shares, a $5.0 million decrease in proceeds from borrowings, a $1.3 million increase in distributions to non-controlling interests and a $0.8 million increase in other financing outflows. These increases in cash used were partially offset by a $3.8 million decrease in cash used for tax withholding on share based awards in the first six months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.
Share Repurchases
We currently have in place a $600 million share repurchase authorization, stemming from three separate authorizations by our Board of Directors. On February 23, 2016, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program whereby we may repurchase up to $150 million worth of our outstanding common shares and on February 22, 2017, and May 10, 2018, our Board of Directors authorized an additional $200 million and $250 million, respectively (collectively, the “share repurchase programs”). The share repurchase programs have no specified end date and the timing and amount of any share repurchases will be determined by management based on our evaluation of market conditions and other factors. Any repurchases under the share repurchase programs may be made in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, subject to market conditions, applicable legal requirements and other relevant factors. The share repurchase programs do not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common shares, and they may be suspended or terminated at any time at our discretion. Repurchases under the share repurchase programs are permitted to be made under one or more Rule 10b5-1 plans, which would permit shares to be repurchased when we might otherwise be precluded from doing so under applicable insider trading laws. During the six months ended July 1,

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2018, we repurchased and retired 961,534 of our common shares in the open market at an aggregate cost of $60.7 million as part of the share repurchase programs. During the six months ended July 2, 2017, we repurchased 498,915 of our common shares in the open market at an aggregate cost of $37.9 million. As of July 1, 2018, $310.2 million was available for repurchase in accordance with the share repurchase programs.
Other Liquidity Matters
Our cash and cash equivalents balance includes cash held in foreign countries in which we operate. Cash held outside Canada, in which we are incorporated, is free from significant restrictions that would prevent the cash from being accessed to meet our liquidity needs including, if necessary, to fund operations and service debt obligations in Canada. However, earnings from certain jurisdictions are indefinitely reinvested in those jurisdictions. Upon the repatriation of any earnings to Canada, in the form of dividends or otherwise, we may be subject to Canadian income taxes and withholding taxes payable to the various foreign countries. As of July 1, 2018, we do not believe adverse tax consequences exist that restrict our use of cash or cash equivalents in a material manner.
We also routinely monitor the changes in the financial condition of our customers and the potential impact on our results of operations. There has not been a change in the financial condition of a customer that has had a material adverse effect on our results of operations. However, if economic conditions were to deteriorate, it is possible that there could be an impact on our results of operations in a future period and this impact could be material.
Accounts Receivable Sales Program
We maintain an accounts receivable sales program with a third party (the "AR Sales Program"). Under the AR Sales Program, we can transfer ownership of eligible trade accounts receivable of certain customers. Receivables are sold outright to a third party that assumes the full risk of collection, without recourse to us in the event of a loss. Transfers of receivables under this program are accounted for as sales. Proceeds from the transfers reflect the face value of the accounts receivable less a discount. Receivables sold under the AR Sales Program are excluded from trade accounts receivable in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and are included in cash flows from operating activities in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. The discounts on the sales of trade accounts receivable sold under the AR Sales Program were not material for any of the periods presented and were recorded in selling, general and administration expense within the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).
Senior Notes
On September 27, 2017, and March 23, 2015, we issued $150.0 million and $475.0 million aggregate principal senior unsecured notes, respectively (the "2023 Notes"). The 2023 Notes were issued in two private placements for resale to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and to buyers outside the United States pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act. The 2023 Notes were issued without registration rights and are not listed on any securities exchange. The 2023 Notes bear interest at 5.625% per annum, payable in cash semiannually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year and are due March 15, 2023. The 2023 Notes were issued at 104.0% and par in 2017 and 2015, respectively, and the resulting premium of $6.0 million is being amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2023 Notes using the effective interest method. We received net proceeds of $153.9 million and $467.9 million, respectively, after deducting $2.1 million and $7.1 million of debt issuance costs in 2017 and 2015, respectively. The debt issuance costs were capitalized as a reduction to the carrying value of debt and are being accreted to interest expense over the term of the 2023 Notes using the effective interest method. The net proceeds from the 2017 issuance of the 2023 Notes are for general corporate purposes. The net proceeds from the 2015 issuance of the 2023 Notes, together with available cash balances, were used to redeem $500.0 million aggregate principal of prior 8.25% senior unsecured notes due 2021 and to pay related premiums, fees and expenses.
Obligations under the 2023 Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior unsecured basis, by certain of our directly or indirectly wholly-owned subsidiaries. We may redeem the 2023 Notes under certain circumstances specified therein. The indenture governing the 2023 Notes contains restrictive covenants that, among other things, limit our ability and our subsidiaries’ ability to: (i) incur additional debt and issue disqualified or preferred stock, (ii) make restricted payments, (iii) sell assets, (iv) create or permit restrictions on the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions to us, (v) create or incur certain liens, (vi) enter into sale and leaseback transactions, (vii) merge or consolidate with other entities and (viii) enter into transactions with affiliates. The foregoing limitations are subject to exceptions as set forth in the indenture governing the 2023 Notes. In

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addition, if in the future the 2023 Notes have an investment grade rating from at least two nationally recognized statistical rating organizations, certain of these covenants will be replaced with a less restrictive covenant. The indenture governing the 2023 Notes contains customary events of default (subject in certain cases to customary grace and cure periods). As of July 1, 2018, we were in compliance with all covenants under the indenture governing the 2023 Notes.
ABL Facility
On April 9, 2015, we and certain of our subsidiaries entered into a $150.0 million asset-based revolving credit facility (the "ABL Facility") maturing on April 9, 2020. The borrowing base is calculated based on a percentage of the value of selected U.S. and Canadian accounts receivable and inventory, less certain ineligible amounts. Obligations under the ABL Facility are secured by a first priority security interest in certain of the current assets of Masonite's United States and Canadian subsidiaries. In addition, obligations under the ABL Facility are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior secured basis, by certain of our directly or indirectly wholly-owned subsidiaries. Borrowings under the ABL Facility bear interest at a rate equal to, at our option, (i) the Base Rate, Canadian Prime Rate or Canadian Base Rate (each as defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement) plus a margin ranging from 0.25% to 0.75% per annum, or (ii) the Eurodollar Base Rate or BA Rate (each as defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement), plus a margin ranging from 1.25% to 1.75% per annum. In addition to paying interest on any outstanding principal under the ABL Facility a commitment fee is payable on the undrawn portion of the ABL Facility in an amount equal to 0.25% per annum of the average daily balance of unused commitments during each calendar quarter.
The ABL Facility contains various customary representations, warranties and covenants by us that, among other things, and subject to certain exceptions, restrict Masonite's ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to: (i) pay dividends on our common shares and make other restricted payments, (ii) make investments and acquisitions, (iii) engage in transactions with our affiliates, (iv) sell assets, (v) merge and (vi) create liens. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement amended the ABL Facility to, among other things, (i) permit us to incur unlimited unsecured debt as long as such debt does not contain covenants or default provisions that are more restrictive than those contained in the ABL Facility, (ii) permit us to incur debt as long as the pro forma secured leverage ratio is less than 4.5 to 1.0, and (iii) add certain additional exceptions and exemptions under the restricted payment, investment and indebtedness covenants (including increasing the amount of certain debt permitted to be incurred under an existing exception). As of July 1, 2018, and December 31, 2017, we were in compliance with all covenants under the credit agreement governing the ABL Facility and there were no amounts outstanding under the ABL Facility.
Supplemental Guarantor Financial Information
As described above, obligations under the ABL Facility are secured by a first priority security interest in substantially all of the current assets of Masonite and our subsidiaries. In addition, our obligations under the 2023 Notes and the ABL Facility are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, by certain of our directly or indirectly wholly-owned subsidiaries. The following unaudited supplemental financial information for our non-guarantor subsidiaries is presented:
Our non-guarantor subsidiaries generated external net sales of $497.9 million and $954.0 million for the three and six months ended July 1, 2018, and $455.8 million and $890.6 million for the three and six months ended July 2, 2017, respectively. Our non-guarantor subsidiaries generated Adjusted EBITDA of $65.4 million and 116.2 million for the three and six months ended July 1, 2018, and $55.9 million and $104.8 million for the three and six months ended July 2, 2017, respectively. Our non-guarantor subsidiaries had total assets of $1.8 billion and $1.6 billion as of July 1, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively; and total liabilities of $760.5 million and $693.8 million as of July 1, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively.
Changes in Accounting Standards and Policies
Changes in accounting standards and policies are discussed in Note 1. Business Overview and Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report.

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MASONITE INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION



Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
For our disclosures about market risk, please see Part II, Item 7A., "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk," in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. We believe there have been no material changes to the information provided therein.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter covered by this Quarterly Report that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The information required with respect to this item can be found under "Legal Proceedings" in Note 9. Commitments and Contingencies in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report and is incorporated by reference into this Part II, Item 1.
In addition, we are providing supplemental disclosure relating to the matter below.
United Kingdom Fire Door Testing and Review
The United Kingdom Ministry for Housing, Communities and Local Government (“MHCLG”) recently began an industry-wide review of fire rated doors manufactured and sold in the UK, including testing to determine whether such doors are able to withstand fires for the time period stated (e.g., 30 or 60 minutes). Certain of our subsidiaries produce and sell fire rated doors (made of either wood or composite/fiberglass) in the UK, with all such doors tested by an accredited UK test facility to the appropriate British standard and approved by an independent third party certifier. On July 31, 2018, the MHCLG issued a statement indicating that their interpretation of the applicable regulations requires testing on both sides of a door, in contrast with long-standing industry practice to test fire resistance on the one side of the door perceived to be weaker. On August 3, 2018, the UK trade association for composite door manufacturers, advised the MHCLG that its members (including one of our UK subsidiaries) would be stopping the production and sale of composite fire rated doors until the doors can be tested from both sides. In light of these developments, on August 6, 2018, as a precautionary measure our UK subsidiaries stopped the production and sale of composite fire doors until they can been tested on both sides in accordance with the MHCLG’s interpretation. Separately, the MHCLG has requested that certain of our UK subsidiaries provide fire doors to it for testing, although no doors have yet been provided or tested. The sale of fire doors in the UK accounted for less than 3.5% of our consolidated 2017 sales and, to date, no fire doors manufactured by our UK subsidiaries have been alleged to be defective or improperly rated. However, we cannot predict with certainty the ultimate outcome of the MHCLG’s actions and it is possible that such actions could have a material, adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
You should carefully review and consider the information regarding certain factors which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results as set forth under Item 1A "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed for the year ended December 31, 2017. There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in such Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(a) Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities.
None.
(b) Use of Proceeds.
Not applicable.

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(c) Repurchases of Our Equity Securities.
During the three months ended July 1, 2018, we repurchased 269,751 of our common shares in the open market.
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased
 
Average Price Paid per Share
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
 
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
April 2, 2018, through April 29, 2018
260,251

 
$
60.91

 
260,251

 
$
60,867,014

April 30, 2018, through May 27, 2018
—

 
—

 
—

 
310,867,014

May 28, 2018, through July 1, 2018
9,500

 
66.05

 
9,500

 
310,239,528

Total
269,751

 
$
61.09

 
269,751

 
 
We currently have in place a $600 million share repurchase authorization, stemming from three separate authorizations by our Board of Directors. On February 23, 2016, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program whereby we may repurchase up to $150 million worth of our outstanding common shares, and on February 22, 2017, and May 10, 2018, our Board of Directors authorized an additional $200 million and $250 million, respectively (collectively, the “share repurchase programs”). The share repurchase programs have no specified end date and the timing and amount of any share repurchases will be determined by management based on our evaluation of market conditions and other factors. Any repurchases under the share repurchase programs may be made in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, subject to market conditions, applicable legal requirements and other relevant factors. The share repurchase programs do not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common shares, and they may be suspended or terminated at any time at our discretion. Repurchases under the share repurchase programs are permitted to be made under one or more Rule 10b5-1 plans, which would permit shares to be repurchased when we might otherwise be precluded from doing so under applicable insider trading laws. As of July 1, 2018, $310.2 million was available for repurchase in accordance with the share repurchase programs.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
None.

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Item 6. Exhibits
The following is a list of all exhibits filed or furnished as part of this report:
Exhibit No.
Description
101.INS*
XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
 
 
 
*
Filed herewith.
SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
    
 
 
MASONITE INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
 
 
 
(Registrant)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date:
August 9, 2018
By
/s/ Russell T. Tiejema
 
 
 
Russell T. Tiejema
 
 
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
 

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