10-Q
Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-Q

 

 

 

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019

OR

 

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission file number 001-32195

 

 

 

LOGO

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   80-0873306

(State or Other Jurisdiction of

Incorporation or Organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

6620 West Broad Street

Richmond, Virginia

  23230
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)   (Zip Code)

(804) 281-6000

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

Large accelerated filer      Accelerated filer  
Non-accelerated filer      Smaller reporting company  
     Emerging growth company  

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of April 24, 2019, 503,314,344 shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, were outstanding.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

         Page  

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

  
Item 1.  

Financial Statements

     3  

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March  31, 2019 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2018.

     3  

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited)

     4  

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited)

     5  

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited)

     6  

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited)

     7  

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

     8  
Item 2.  

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

     74  
Item 3.  

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

     133  
Item 4.  

Controls and Procedures

     134  

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

  
Item 1.  

Legal Proceedings

     134  
Item 1A.  

Risk Factors

     134  
Item 6.  

Exhibits

     134  

Signatures

     136  

 

2


Table of Contents

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

Item 1.

Financial Statements

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Amounts in millions, except per share amounts)

 

     March 31,     December 31,  
     2019     2018  
     (Unaudited)        

Assets

    

Investments:

    

Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at fair value

   $ 61,360   $ 59,661

Equity securities, at fair value

     635     655

Commercial mortgage loans ($59 and $62 are restricted as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, related to a securitization entity)

     6,988     6,749

Policy loans

     1,994     1,861

Other invested assets

     1,208     1,188
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total investments

     72,185     70,114

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

     2,221     2,177

Accrued investment income

     726     675

Deferred acquisition costs

     2,219     3,263

Intangible assets and goodwill

     265     347

Reinsurance recoverable

     17,257     17,278

Other assets

     532     474

Deferred tax asset

     573     736

Separate account assets

     6,210     5,859
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 102,188   $ 100,923
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities and equity

    

Liabilities:

    

Future policy benefits

   $ 38,369   $ 37,940

Policyholder account balances

     22,651     22,968

Liability for policy and contract claims

     10,536     10,379

Unearned premiums

     3,482     3,546

Other liabilities

     1,682     1,682

Non-recourse funding obligations

     311     311

Long-term borrowings

     4,035     4,025

Deferred tax liability

     30     24

Separate account liabilities

     6,210     5,859
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     87,306     86,734
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Commitments and contingencies

    

Equity:

    

Class A common stock, $0.001 par value; 1.5 billion shares authorized; 591 million and 589 million shares issued as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively; 503 million and 501 million shares outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively

     1     1

Additional paid-in capital

     11,989     11,987
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):

    

Net unrealized investment gains (losses):

    

Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities not other-than-temporarily impaired

     932     585

Net unrealized gains (losses) on other-than-temporarily impaired securities

     11     10
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net unrealized investment gains (losses)

     943     595
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Derivatives qualifying as hedges

     1,850     1,781

Foreign currency translation and other adjustments

     (301     (332
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

     2,492     2,044

Retained earnings

     1,292     1,118

Treasury stock, at cost (88 million shares as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018)

     (2,700     (2,700
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Genworth Financial, Inc.’s stockholders’ equity

     13,074     12,450

Noncontrolling interests

     1,808     1,739
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total equity

     14,882     14,189
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and equity

   $ 102,188   $ 100,923
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

 

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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Amounts in millions, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

     Three months ended  
     March 31,  
     2019      2018  

Revenues:

     

Premiums

   $ 1,114    $ 1,140

Net investment income

     829      804

Net investment gains (losses)

     74      (31

Policy fees and other income

     187      202
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total revenues

     2,204      2,115
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Benefits and expenses:

     

Benefits and other changes in policy reserves

     1,301      1,311

Interest credited

     147      156

Acquisition and operating expenses, net of deferrals

     251      240

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs and intangibles

     91      104

Interest expense

     72      76
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total benefits and expenses

     1,862      1,887
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

     342      228

Provision for income taxes

     112      63
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income

     230      165

Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

     56      53
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

   $ 174    $ 112
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders per share:

     

Basic

   $ 0.35    $ 0.22
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Diluted

   $ 0.34    $ 0.22
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Weighted-average common shares outstanding:

     

Basic

     501.2      499.6
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Diluted

     508.6      502.7
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Supplemental disclosures:

     

Total other-than-temporary impairments

   $ —        $ —    

Portion of other-than-temporary impairments included in other comprehensive income (loss)

     —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net other-than-temporary impairments

     —          —    

Other investments gains (losses)

     74      (31
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total net investment gains (losses)

   $ 74    $ (31
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

 

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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Amounts in millions)

(Unaudited)

 

     Three months ended  
     March 31,  
     2019      2018  

Net income

   $ 230    $ 165

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes:

     

Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities not other-than-temporarily impaired

     379      (341

Net unrealized gains (losses) on other-than-temporarily impaired securities

     1      —    

Derivatives qualifying as hedges

     69      (152

Foreign currency translation and other adjustments

     54      (87
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total other comprehensive income (loss)

     503      (580
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total comprehensive income (loss)

     733      (415

Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests

     111      4
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total comprehensive income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

   $ 622    $ (419
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

 

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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(Amounts in millions)

(Unaudited)

 

                                  Total              
                                  Genworth              
                Accumulated                 Financial,              
          Additional     other           Treasury     Inc.’s              
    Common     paid-in     comprehensive     Retained     stock, at     stockholders’     Noncontrolling     Total  
    stock     capital     income (loss)     earnings     cost     equity     interests     equity  

Balances as of December 31, 2018

  $ 1   $ 11,987   $ 2,044   $ 1,118   $ (2,700   $ 12,450   $ 1,739   $ 14,189

Repurchase of subsidiary shares

    —         —         —         —         —         —         (12     (12

Comprehensive income:

               

Net income

    —         —         —         174     —         174     56     230

Other comprehensive income, net of taxes

    —         —         448     —         —         448     55     503
           

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total comprehensive income

              622     111     733

Dividends to noncontrolling interests

    —         —         —         —         —         —         (28     (28

Stock-based compensation expense and exercises and other

    —         2     —         —         —         2     (2     —    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balances as of March 31, 2019

  $ 1   $ 11,989   $ 2,492   $ 1,292   $ (2,700   $ 13,074   $ 1,808   $ 14,882
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balances as of December 31, 2017

  $ 1   $ 11,977   $ 3,027   $ 1,113   $ (2,700   $ 13,418   $ 1,910   $ 15,328

Cumulative effect of change in accounting, net of taxes

    —         —         131     (114     —         17     —         17

Repurchase of subsidiary shares

    —         —         —         —         —         —         (36     (36

Comprehensive income (loss):

               

Net income

    —         —         —         112     —         112     53     165

Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes

    —         —         (531     —         —         (531     (49     (580
           

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total comprehensive income (loss)

              (419     4     (415

Dividends to noncontrolling interests

    —         —         —         —         —         —         (36     (36

Stock-based compensation expense and exercises and other

    —         2     —         —         —         2     2     4
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balances as of March 31, 2018

  $ 1   $ 11,979   $ 2,627   $ 1,111   $ (2,700   $ 13,018   $ 1,844   $ 14,862
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

 

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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Amounts in millions)

(Unaudited)

 

     Three months ended  
     March 31,  
     2019     2018  

Cash flows from operating activities:

    

Net income

   $ 230   $ 165

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:

    

Amortization of fixed maturity securities discounts and premiums

     (16     (25

Net investment (gains) losses

     (74     31

Charges assessed to policyholders

     (165     (178

Acquisition costs deferred

     (17     (18

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs and intangibles

     91     104

Deferred income taxes

     75     26

Derivative instruments and limited partnerships

     (30     (152

Stock-based compensation expense

     7     7

Change in certain assets and liabilities:

    

Accrued investment income and other assets

     (258     (45

Insurance reserves

     301     377

Current tax liabilities

     8     (39

Other liabilities, policy and contract claims and other policy-related balances

     (18     (144
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash from operating activities

     134     109
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from (used by) investing activities:

    

Proceeds from maturities and repayments of investments:

    

Fixed maturity securities

     902     934

Commercial mortgage loans

     127     205

Restricted commercial mortgage loans related to a securitization entity

     3     8

Proceeds from sales of investments:

    

Fixed maturity and equity securities

     1,714     792

Purchases and originations of investments:

    

Fixed maturity and equity securities

     (2,128     (2,013

Commercial mortgage loans

     (370     (199

Other invested assets, net

     17     104

Policy loans, net

     12     2
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash from (used by) investing activities

     277     (167
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from (used by) financing activities:

    

Deposits to universal life and investment contracts

     198     255

Withdrawals from universal life and investment contracts

     (581     (591

Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt

     —         441

Repayment of borrowings related to a securitization entity

     —         (8

Repurchase of subsidiary shares

     (12     (36

Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests

     (28     (36

Other, net

     48     22
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash from (used by) financing activities

     (375     47
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

     8     (21
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

     44     (32

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period

     2,177     2,875
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period

   $ 2,221   $ 2,843
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

 

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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

(1) Formation of Genworth and Basis of Presentation

Genworth Holdings, Inc. (“Genworth Holdings”) (formerly known as Genworth Financial, Inc.) was incorporated in Delaware in 2003 in preparation for an initial public offering (“IPO”) of Genworth’s common stock, which was completed on May 28, 2004. On April 1, 2013, Genworth Holdings completed a holding company reorganization pursuant to which Genworth Holdings became a direct, 100% owned subsidiary of a new public holding company that it had formed. The new public holding company was incorporated in Delaware on December 5, 2012, in connection with the reorganization, and was renamed Genworth Financial, Inc. (“Genworth Financial”) upon the completion of the reorganization.

On October 21, 2016, Genworth Financial entered into an agreement and plan of merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Asia Pacific Global Capital Co., Ltd. (“Parent”), a limited liability company incorporated in the People’s Republic of China and a subsidiary of China Oceanwide Holdings Group Co., Ltd., a limited liability company incorporated in the People’s Republic of China (together with its affiliates, “China Oceanwide”), and Asia Pacific Global Capital USA Corporation (“Merger Sub”), a Delaware corporation and an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Asia Pacific Insurance USA Holdings LLC (“Asia Pacific Insurance”), which is a Delaware limited liability company and owned by China Oceanwide, pursuant to which, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, Merger Sub would merge with and into Genworth Financial with Genworth Financial surviving the merger as an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Asia Pacific Insurance. China Oceanwide has agreed to acquire all of our outstanding common stock for a total transaction value of approximately $2.7 billion, or $5.43 per share in cash.

At a special meeting held on March 7, 2017, Genworth Financial’s stockholders voted on and approved a proposal to adopt the Merger Agreement. The closing of the transaction remains subject to other closing conditions and approvals.

The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements include on a consolidated basis the accounts of Genworth Financial and the affiliate companies in which it holds a majority voting interest or where it is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (“VIE”). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

References to “Genworth,” the “Company,” “we” or “our” in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and these notes thereto are, unless the context otherwise requires, to Genworth Financial on a consolidated basis.

We operate our business through the following five operating segments:

 

   

U.S. Mortgage Insurance. In the United States, we offer mortgage insurance products predominantly insuring prime-based, individually underwritten residential mortgage loans (“flow mortgage insurance”). We selectively provide mortgage insurance on a bulk basis (“bulk mortgage insurance”) with essentially all of our bulk writings being prime-based.

 

   

Canada Mortgage Insurance. We offer flow mortgage insurance and also provide bulk mortgage insurance that aids in the sale of mortgages to the capital markets and helps lenders manage capital and risk in Canada.

 

   

Australia Mortgage Insurance. In Australia, we offer flow mortgage insurance and selectively provide bulk mortgage insurance that aids in the sale of mortgages to the capital markets and helps lenders manage capital and risk.

 

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U.S. Life Insurance. We offer long-term care insurance products as well as service traditional life insurance and fixed annuity products in the United States.

 

   

Runoff. The Runoff segment includes the results of non-strategic products which are no longer actively sold but we continue to service our existing blocks of business. Our non-strategic products primarily include our variable annuity, variable life insurance, institutional, corporate-owned life insurance and other accident and health insurance products. Institutional products consist of funding agreements and funding agreements backing notes.

In addition to our five operating business segments, we also have Corporate and Other activities which include debt financing expenses that are incurred at the Genworth Holdings level, unallocated corporate income and expenses, eliminations of inter-segment transactions and the results of other businesses that are managed outside of our operating segments, including certain smaller international mortgage insurance businesses.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Preparing financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and related disclosures. Actual results could differ from those estimates. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments (including normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary by management to present a fair statement of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The results reported in these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should not be regarded as necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the entire year. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

(2) Accounting Changes

Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted

On January 1, 2019, we adopted new accounting guidance related to benchmark interest rates used in derivative hedge accounting. The guidance adds an additional permissible U.S. benchmark interest rate, the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, for hedge accounting purposes. We adopted this new accounting guidance using the prospective method, which did not have any impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

On January 1, 2019, we adopted new accounting guidance related to accounting for nonemployee share-based payments. The guidance aligns the measurement and classification of share-based payments to nonemployees issued in exchange for goods or services with the guidance for share-based payments to employees, with certain exceptions. We adopted this new accounting guidance using the modified retrospective method. This guidance is consistent with our previous accounting practices and, accordingly, had no impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements at adoption.

On January 1, 2019, we adopted new accounting guidance related to shortening the amortization period of certain callable debt securities held at a premium. The guidance requires the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date. This change does not apply to securities held at a discount. We adopted this new accounting guidance using the modified retrospective method, which had no significant impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements at adoption.

On January 1, 2019, we adopted new accounting guidance related to the accounting for leases. The new guidance generally requires lessees to recognize both a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet. We adopted this new accounting guidance using the effective date transition method, which

 

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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

permits entities to apply the new lease standard using a modified retrospective transition approach at the date of adoption. As such, historical periods will continue to be measured and presented under the previous guidance while current and future periods will be subject to this new accounting guidance. The package of practical expedients was also elected upon adoption. Upon adoption we recorded a $60 million right-of-use asset related to operating leases and a $63 million lease liability. In addition, we de-recognized accrued rent expense of $3 million recorded under the previous accounting guidance. The right-of-use asset and the lease liability are included in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, but do not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2019. The initial measurement of our right-of-use asset had no significant initial direct costs, prepaid lease payments or lease incentives; therefore, a cumulative-effect adjustment was not recorded to the opening retained earnings balance as a result of the change in accounting principle.

Our leased assets are predominantly classified as operating leases and consist of office space in 14 locations primarily in the United States, Canada and Australia. Lease payments included in the calculation of our lease liability include fixed amounts contained within each rental agreement and variable lease payments that are based upon an index or rate. We have elected to combine lease and non-lease components, as permitted under this new accounting guidance, as a result, non-lease components are included in the calculation of our lease liability as opposed to being separated and accounted for as consideration under the new revenue recognition standard. Our remaining lease terms range from 1 to 14 years and have a weighted-average remaining lease term of 7.6 years as of March 31, 2019. The implicit rate of our lease agreements was not readily determinable; therefore, we utilized our incremental borrowing rate to discount future lease payments. The weighted-average discount rate was 6.24% as of March 31, 2019.

Our aggregate annual rental expense for all leases under the previous guidance was approximately $11 million. Annual rental expense and future minimum lease payments are not expected to be materially different under this new accounting guidance.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“the FASB”) issued new accounting guidance that significantly changes the recognition and measurement of long-duration insurance contracts and expands disclosure requirements, which impacts our life insurance deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”) and liabilities. In accordance with the guidance, the more significant changes include:

 

   

assumptions will no longer be locked-in at contract inception and all cash flow assumptions used to estimate the liability for future policy benefits will be reviewed at least annually in the same period each year or more frequently if actual experience indicates a change is required;

 

   

changes in cash flow assumptions (except the discount rate) will be recorded in net income (loss) using a retrospective approach with a cumulative catch-up adjustment by recalculating the net premium ratio (which will be capped at 100%) using actual historical and updated future cash flow assumptions;

 

   

the discount rate used to determine the liability for future policy benefits will be a current upper-medium grade (low credit risk) fixed-income instrument yield, which is generally interpreted to mean a single-A rated bond rate for the same duration, and is required to be reviewed quarterly, with changes in the discount rate recorded in other comprehensive income (loss);

 

   

the provision for adverse deviation and the premium deficiency test will be eliminated;

 

   

market risk benefits associated with deposit-type contracts will be measured at fair value with changes recorded in net income (loss);

 

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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

   

the amortization method for DAC will generally be on a straight-line basis over the expected contract term; and

 

   

disclosures will be greatly expanded to include significant assumptions and product liability rollforwards.

The guidance is currently effective for us on January 1, 2021 using the modified retrospective method, with early adoption permitted. We are in process of evaluating the new guidance and the impact it will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued new accounting guidance related to disclosure requirements for defined benefit plans as part of its disclosure framework project. The guidance adds, eliminates and modifies certain disclosure requirements for defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans. The guidance is currently effective for us on January 1, 2020 using the retrospective method, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect any significant impact from this guidance on our condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued new accounting guidance related to fair value disclosure requirements as part of its disclosure framework project. The guidance adds, eliminates and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The guidance includes new disclosure requirements related to the change in unrealized gains and losses included in other comprehensive income (loss) for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period and the range and weighted-average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. The guidance is currently effective for us on January 1, 2020 using the prospective method for certain disclosures and the retrospective method for all other disclosures. Early adoption of either the entire standard or only the provisions that eliminate or modify the requirements is permitted. We are in process of evaluating the impact the guidance may have on our condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued new accounting guidance related to accounting for credit losses on financial instruments. The guidance requires that entities recognize an allowance equal to its estimate of lifetime expected credit losses and applies to most debt instruments not measured at fair value, which would primarily include our commercial mortgage loans and reinsurance receivables. The new guidance retains most of the existing impairment guidance for available-for-sale debt securities but amends the presentation of credit losses to be presented as an allowance as opposed to a write-down and permits the reversal of credit losses when reassessing changes in the credit losses each reporting period. The new guidance is effective for us on January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted beginning January 1, 2019. Upon adoption, the modified retrospective method will be used and a cumulative effect adjustment in retained earnings as of the beginning of the year of adoption will be recorded. We are in process of evaluating the impact the guidance may have on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

(3) Earnings Per Share

Basic and diluted earnings per share are calculated by dividing each income category presented below by the weighted-average basic and diluted common shares outstanding for the periods indicated:

 

     Three months ended  
     March 31,  

(Amounts in millions, except per share amounts)

   2019      2018  

Weighted-average shares used in basic earnings per share calculations

     501.2      499.6

Potentially dilutive securities:

     

Stock options, restricted stock units and stock appreciation rights

     7.4      3.1
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Weighted-average shares used in diluted earnings per share calculations

     508.6      502.7
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income:

     

Net income

   $ 230    $ 165

Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

     56      53
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

   $ 174    $ 112
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Basic earnings per share:

     

Net income

   $ 0.46    $ 0.33

Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

     0.11      0.11
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

   $ 0.35    $ 0.22
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Diluted earnings per share:

     

Net income

   $ 0.45    $ 0.33

Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

     0.11      0.10
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders(1)

   $ 0.34    $ 0.22
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1)

May not total due to whole number calculation.

 

12


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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

(4) Investments

(a) Net Investment Income

Sources of net investment income were as follows for the periods indicated:

 

     Three months ended  
     March 31,  

(Amounts in millions)

   2019      2018  

Fixed maturity securities—taxable

   $ 643    $ 635

Fixed maturity securities—non-taxable

     2      3

Equity securities

     9      10

Commercial mortgage loans

     81      82

Restricted commercial mortgage loans related to a securitization entity

     1      2

Policy loans

     46      43

Other invested assets

     59      39

Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments

     12      12
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Gross investment income before expenses and fees

     853      826

Expenses and fees

     (24      (22
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net investment income

   $ 829    $ 804
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

(b) Net Investment Gains (Losses)

The following table sets forth net investment gains (losses) for the periods indicated:

 

     Three months ended  
     March 31,  

(Amounts in millions)

   2019      2018  

Available-for-sale securities:

     

Realized gains

   $ 81    $ 7

Realized losses

     (22      (16
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net realized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities

     59      (9
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Impairments:

     

Total other-than-temporary impairments

     —          —    

Portion of other-than-temporary impairments included in other comprehensive income

     —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net realized gains (losses) on equity securities sold

     3      2

Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities still held

     8      (18

Limited partnerships

     15      7

Commercial mortgage loans

     (1      —    

Derivative instruments (1)

     (10      (13
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net investment gains (losses)

   $ 74    $ (31
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1)

See note 5 for additional information on the impact of derivative instruments included in net investment gains (losses).

 

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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

We generally intend to hold securities in unrealized loss positions until they recover. However, from time to time, our intent on an individual security may change, based upon market or other unforeseen developments. In such instances, we sell securities in the ordinary course of managing our portfolio to meet diversification, credit quality, yield and liquidity requirements. If a loss is recognized from a sale subsequent to a balance sheet date due to these unexpected developments, the loss is recognized in the period in which we determined that we have the intent to sell the securities or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the securities prior to recovery. The aggregate fair value of securities sold at a loss during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $763 million and $619 million, respectively, which was approximately 97% and 98%, respectively, of book value.

The following represents the activity for credit losses recognized in net income on debt securities where an other-than-temporary impairment was identified and a portion of other-than-temporary impairments was included in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) as of and for the three months ended March 31:

 

(Amounts in millions)

   2019     2018  

Beginning balance

   $ 24   $ 32

Reductions:

    

Securities sold, paid down or disposed

     (1     (4
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending balance

   $ 23   $ 28
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(c) Unrealized Investment Gains and Losses

Net unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale investment securities reflected as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows as of the dates indicated:

 

(Amounts in millions)

   March 31, 2019     December 31, 2018  

Net unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities (1)

   $ 3,714   $ 1,775

Adjustments to deferred acquisition costs, present value of future profits, sales inducements and benefit reserves

     (2,401     (952

Income taxes, net

     (300     (190
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net unrealized investment gains (losses)

     1,013     633

Less: net unrealized investment gains (losses) attributable to noncontrolling interests

     70     38
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net unrealized investment gains (losses) attributable to Genworth Financial, Inc.

   $ 943   $ 595
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1)

Excludes foreign exchange.

 

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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The change in net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale investment securities reported in accumulated other comprehensive income was as follows as of and for the three months ended March 31:

 

(Amounts in millions)

   2019      2018  

Beginning balance

   $ 595    $ 1,085

Cumulative effect of changes in accounting:

     

Stranded tax effects

     —          189

Recognition and measurement of financial assets and liabilities, net of taxes of $— and $18

     —          (25
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total cumulative effect of changes in accounting

     —          164
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period:

     

Unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities

     1,999      (1,681

Adjustment to deferred acquisition costs

     (989      442

Adjustment to present value of future profits

     (53      36

Adjustment to sales inducements

     (19      20

Adjustment to benefit reserves

     (388      740

Provision for income taxes

     (123      95
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Change in unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities

     427      (348

Reclassification adjustments to net investment (gains) losses, net of taxes of $13 and $(1)

     (47      7
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Change in net unrealized investment gains (losses)

     380      (341

Less: change in net unrealized investment gains (losses) attributable to noncontrolling interests

     32      (9
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending balance

   $ 943    $ 917
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

15


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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

(d) Fixed Maturity Securities

As of March 31, 2019, the amortized cost or cost, gross unrealized gains (losses) and fair value of our fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale were as follows:

 

          Gross unrealized gains     Gross unrealized losses        
    Amortized     Not other-than-     Other-than-     Not other-than-     Other-than-        
    cost or     temporarily     temporarily     temporarily     temporarily     Fair  

(Amounts in millions)

  cost     impaired     impaired     impaired     impaired     value  

Fixed maturity securities:

           

U.S. government, agencies and government-sponsored enterprises

  $ 4,116   $ 619   $ —       $ (4   $ —       $ 4,731

State and political subdivisions

    2,329     223     —         (6     —         2,546

Non-U.S. government

    2,403     121     —         (6     —         2,518

U.S. corporate:

           

Utilities

    4,296     426     —         (37     —         4,685

Energy

    2,447     186     —         (15     —         2,618

Finance and insurance

    6,883     405     —         (37     —         7,251

Consumer—non-cyclical

    4,905     407     —         (55     —         5,257

Technology and communications

    2,832     161     —         (19     —         2,974

Industrial

    1,194     67     —         (12     —         1,249

Capital goods

    2,283     225     —         (19     —         2,489

Consumer—cyclical

    1,579     83     —         (16     —         1,646

Transportation

    1,271     107     —         (16     —         1,362

Other

    379     33     —         (1     —         411
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total U.S. corporate

    28,069     2,100     —         (227     —         29,942
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-U.S. corporate:

           

Utilities

    1,100     36     —         (9     —         1,127

Energy

    1,327     124     —         (4     —         1,447

Finance and insurance

    2,434     129     —         (9     —         2,554

Consumer—non-cyclical

    699     19     —         (9     —         709

Technology and communications

    1,151     52     —         (6     —         1,197

Industrial

    920     56     —         (3     —         973

Capital goods

    644     21     —         (3     —         662

Consumer—cyclical

    537     8     —         (4     —         541

Transportation

    756     65     —         (6     —         815

Other

    2,127     139     —         (6     —         2,260
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total non-U.S. corporate

    11,695     649     —         (59     —         12,285
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Residential mortgage-backed

    2,762     181     13     (6     —         2,950

Commercial mortgage-backed

    2,946     64     —         (48     —         2,962

Other asset-backed

    3,422     18     1     (15     —         3,426
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total available-for-sale fixed maturity securities

  $ 57,742   $ 3,975   $ 14   $ (371   $ —       $ 61,360
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

16


Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

As of December 31, 2018, the amortized cost or cost, gross unrealized gains (losses) and fair value of our fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale were as follows:

 

          Gross unrealized gains     Gross unrealized losses        
    Amortized     Not other-than-     Other-than-     Not other-than-     Other-than-        
    cost or     temporarily     temporarily     temporarily     temporarily     Fair  

(Amounts in millions)

  cost     impaired     impaired     impaired     impaired     value  

Fixed maturity securities:

           

U.S. government, agencies and government-sponsored enterprises

  $ 4,175   $ 473   $ —       $ (17   $ —       $ 4,631

State and political subdivisions

    2,406     168     —         (22     —         2,552

Non-U.S. government

    2,345     72     —         (24     —         2,393

U.S. corporate:

           

Utilities

    4,439     331     —         (95     —         4,675

Energy

    2,382     101     —         (64     —         2,419

Finance and insurance

    6,705     249     —         (132     —         6,822

Consumer—non-cyclical

    4,891     294     —         (137     —         5,048

Technology and communications

    2,823     110     —         (78     —         2,855

Industrial

    1,230     41     —         (33     —         1,238

Capital goods

    2,277     165     —         (51     —         2,391

Consumer—cyclical

    1,592     53     —         (48     —         1,597

Transportation

    1,283     78     —         (41     —         1,320

Other

    376     24     —         (3     —         397
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total U.S. corporate

    27,998     1,446     —         (682     —         28,762
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-U.S. corporate:

           

Utilities

    1,056     17     —         (32     —         1,041

Energy

    1,320     72     —         (23     —         1,369

Finance and insurance

    2,391     72     —         (40     —         2,423

Consumer—non-cyclical

    756     8     —         (25     —         739

Technology and communications

    1,168     23     —         (26     —         1,165

Industrial

    926     36     —         (17     —         945

Capital goods

    615     10     —         (10     —         615

Consumer—cyclical

    532     1     —         (13     —         520

Transportation

    689     46     —         (15     —         720

Other

    2,218     105     —         (23     —         2,300
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total non-U.S. corporate

    11,671     390     —         (224     —         11,837
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Residential mortgage-backed

    2,888     160     13     (17     —         3,044

Commercial mortgage-backed

    3,054     43     —         (81     —         3,016

Other asset-backed

    3,444     10     1     (29     —         3,426
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total available-for-sale fixed maturity securities

  $ 57,981   $ 2,762   $ 14   $ (1,096   $ —       $ 59,661
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

17


Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and fair values of our fixed maturity securities, aggregated by investment type and length of time that individual fixed maturity securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of March 31, 2019:

 

    Less than 12 months     12 months or more     Total  
          Gross                 Gross                 Gross        
    Fair     unrealized     Number of     Fair     unrealized     Number of     Fair     unrealized     Number of  

(Dollar amounts in millions)

  value     losses     securities     value     losses     securities     value     losses     securities  

Description of Securities

                 

Fixed maturity securities:

                 

U.S. government, agencies and government-sponsored enterprises

  $ —       $ —         —       $ 229   $   (4)       31   $ 229   $   (4)       31

State and political subdivisions

    11     —         3     259     (6 )       60     270     (6 )       63

Non-U.S. government

    62     —         11     331     (6 )       36     393     (6 )       47

U.S. corporate

    1,247     (37     153     5,003     (190 )       698     6,250     (227 )       851

Non-U.S. corporate

    354     (6     57     1,922     (53 )       296     2,276     (59 )       353

Residential mortgage-backed

    46     (1     9     476     (5 )       85     522     (6 )       94

Commercial mortgage-backed

    168     (4     22     933     (44 )       143     1,101     (48 )       165

Other asset-backed

    981     (10     209     707     (5 )       162     1,688     (15 )       371
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total for fixed maturity securities in an unrealized loss position

  $ 2,869   $ (58     464   $ 9,860   $ (313     1,511   $ 12,729   $ (371     1,975
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

% Below cost:

                 

<20% Below cost

  $ 2,869   $ (58     464   $ 9,839   $ (304     1,505   $ 12,708   $ (362     1,969

20%-50% Below cost

    —         —         —         18     (6 )       3     18     (6 )       3

>50% Below cost

    —         —         —         3     (3 )       3     3     (3 )       3
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total for fixed maturity securities in an unrealized loss position

  $ 2,869   $ (58     464   $ 9,860   $ (313     1,511   $ 12,729   $ (371     1,975
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Investment grade

  $ 2,639   $ (51     434   $ 9,439   $ (292     1,446   $ 12,078   $ (343     1,880

Below investment grade

    230     (7     30     421     (21 )       65     651     (28 )       95
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total for fixed maturity securities in an unrealized loss position

  $ 2,869   $ (58     464   $ 9,860   $ (313     1,511   $ 12,729   $ (371     1,975
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

18


Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and fair values of our corporate securities, aggregated by investment type and length of time that individual investment securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, based on industry, as of March 31, 2019:

 

    Less than 12 months     12 months or more     Total  
          Gross                 Gross                 Gross        
    Fair     unrealized     Number of     Fair     unrealized     Number of     Fair     unrealized     Number of  

(Dollar amounts in millions)

  value     losses     securities     value     losses     securities     value     losses     securities  

Description of Securities

                 

U.S. corporate:

                 

Utilities

  $ 217   $ (7     22   $ 697   $ (30     103   $ 914   $ (37     125

Energy

    60     —         15     368     (15     49     428     (15     64

Finance and insurance

    203     (5     27     1,398     (32     198     1,601     (37     225

Consumer—
non-cyclical

    313     (13     27     813     (42     104     1,126     (55     131

Technology and communications

    95     (4     17     446     (15     66     541     (19     83

Industrial

    98     (2     10     193     (10     27     291     (12     37

Capital goods

    87     (2     15     359     (17     48     446     (19     63

Consumer—cyclical

    59     —         12     397     (16     53     456     (16     65

Transportation

    99     (3     7     316     (13     49     415     (16     56

Other

    16     (1     1     16     —         1     32     (1     2
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal, U.S. corporate securities

    1,247     (37     153     5,003     (190     698     6,250     (227     851
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-U.S. corporate:

                 

Utilities

    24     —         2     259     (9     30     283     (9     32

Energy

    29     —         4     187     (4     26     216     (4     30

Finance and insurance

    39     —         9     475     (9     73     514     (9     82

Consumer—
non-cyclical

    38     (1     9     208     (8     25     246     (9     34

Technology and communications

    89     (2     7     136     (4     28     225     (6     35

Industrial

    8     —         4     135     (3     18     143     (3     22

Capital goods

    23     —         4     116     (3     16     139     (3     20

Consumer—cyclical

    37     (1     6     128     (3     25     165     (4     31

Transportation

    38     (1     6     102     (5     18     140     (6     24

Other

    29     (1     6     176     (5     37     205     (6     43
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal, non-U.S. corporate securities

    354     (6     57     1,922     (53     296     2,276     (59     353
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total for corporate securities in an unrealized loss position

  $ 1,601   $ (43     210   $ 6,925   $ (243     994   $ 8,526   $ (286     1,204
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

For all securities in an unrealized loss position, we expect to recover the amortized cost based on our estimate of the amount and timing of cash flows to be collected. We do not intend to sell nor do we expect that we will be required to sell these securities prior to recovering our amortized cost.

 

19


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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and fair values of our fixed maturity securities, aggregated by investment type and length of time that individual fixed maturity securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of December 31, 2018:

 

    Less than 12 months     12 months or more     Total  
          Gross                 Gross                 Gross        
    Fair     unrealized     Number of     Fair     unrealized     Number of     Fair     unrealized     Number of  

(Dollar amounts in millions)

  value     losses     securities     value     losses     securities     value     losses     securities  

Description of Securities

                 

Fixed maturity securities:

                 

U.S. government, agencies and government-sponsored enterprises

  $ 545   $ (8     17   $ 161   $ (9 )       26   $ 706   $ (17 )       43

State and political subdivisions

    371     (10     63     233     (12 )       57     604     (22 )       120

Non-U.S. government

    261     (7     51     508     (17 )       35     769     (24 )       86

U.S. corporate

    9,975     (472     1,342     2,449     (210 )       365     12,424     (682 )       1,707

Non-U.S. corporate

    4,172     (150     614     1,274     (74 )       209     5,446     (224 )       823

Residential mortgage-backed

    363     (6     57     579     (11 )       96     942     (17 )       153

Commercial mortgage-backed

    758     (19     115     870     (62 )       130     1,628     (81 )       245

Other asset-backed

    1,597     (23     326     604     (6 )       137     2,201     (29 )       463
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total for fixed maturity securities in an unrealized loss position

  $ 18,042   $ (695     2,585   $ 6,678   $ (401     1,055   $ 24,720   $ (1,096     3,640
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

% Below cost—fixed maturity securities:

                 

<20% Below cost

  $ 18,008   $ (685     2,581   $ 6,624   $ (383     1,045   $ 24,632   $ (1,068     3,626

20%-50% Below cost

    34     (10     4     54     (18 )       10     88     (28 )       14
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total for fixed maturity securities in an unrealized loss position

  $ 18,042   $ (695     2,585   $ 6,678   $ (401     1,055   $ 24,720   $ (1,096     3,640
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Investment grade

  $ 16,726   $ (615     2,393   $ 6,508   $ (379     1,024   $ 23,234   $ (994 )       3,417

Below investment grade

    1,316     (80     192     170     (22 )       31     1,486     (102 )       223
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total for fixed maturity securities in an unrealized loss position

  $ 18,042   $ (695     2,585   $ 6,678   $ (401     1,055   $ 24,720   $ (1,096     3,640
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

20


Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and fair values of our corporate securities, aggregated by investment type and length of time that individual investment securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, based on industry, as of December 31, 2018:

 

    Less than 12 months     12 months or more     Total  
          Gross                 Gross                 Gross        
    Fair     unrealized     Number of     Fair     unrealized     Number of     Fair     unrealized     Number of  

(Dollar amounts in millions)

  value     losses     securities     value     losses     securities     value     losses     securities  

Description of Securities

                 

U.S. corporate:

                 

Utilities

  $ 1,246   $ (61     173   $ 343   $ (34     60   $ 1,589   $ (95     233

Energy

    944     (47     135     152     (17     23     1,096     (64     158

Finance and insurance

    2,393     (92     326     688     (40     95     3,081     (132     421

Consumer—non-cyclical

    1,826     (101     203     389     (36     55     2,215     (137     258

Technology and communications

    1,135     (51     152     263     (27     34     1,398     (78     186

Industrial

    506     (27     63     74     (6     13     580     (33     76

Capital goods

    704     (31     103     184     (20     27     888     (51     130

Consumer—cyclical

    738     (35     123     162     (13     26     900     (48     149

Transportation

    435     (25     60     179     (16     31     614     (41     91

Other

    48     (2     4     15     (1     1     63     (3     5
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal, U.S. corporate securities

    9,975     (472     1,342     2,449     (210     365     12,424     (682     1,707
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-U.S. corporate:

                 

Utilities

    404     (19     58     173     (13     24     577     (32     82

Energy

    439     (15     64     136     (8     20     575     (23     84

Finance and insurance

    899     (25     151     294     (15     52     1,193     (40     203

Consumer—non-cyclical

    377     (16     51     102     (9     14     479     (25     65

Technology and communications

    611     (24     75     50     (2     12     661     (26     87

Industrial

    275     (11     48     72     (6     8     347     (17     56

Capital goods

    226     (7     27     69     (3     13     295     (10     40

Consumer—cyclical

    268     (11     42     117     (2     19     385     (13     61

Transportation

    232     (7     27     67     (8     11     299     (15     38

Other

    441     (15     71     194     (8     36     635     (23     107
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal, non-U.S. corporate securities

    4,172     (150     614     1,274     (74     209     5,446     (224     823
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total for corporate securities in an unrealized loss position

  $ 14,147   $ (622     1,956   $ 3,723   $ (284     574   $ 17,870   $ (906     2,530
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

21


Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The scheduled maturity distribution of fixed maturity securities as of March 31, 2019 is set forth below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers of securities may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

 

     Amortized         
     cost or      Fair  

(Amounts in millions)

   cost      value  

Due one year or less

   $ 2,005    $ 2,021

Due after one year through five years

     10,826      11,105

Due after five years through ten years

     12,265      12,770

Due after ten years

     23,516      26,126
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     48,612      52,022

Residential mortgage-backed

     2,762      2,950

Commercial mortgage-backed

     2,946      2,962

Other asset-backed

     3,422      3,426
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 57,742    $ 61,360
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

As of March 31, 2019, securities issued by finance and insurance, consumer—non-cyclical and utilities industry groups represented approximately 24%, 14% and 14%, respectively, of our domestic and foreign corporate fixed maturity securities portfolio. No other industry group comprised more than 10% of our investment portfolio.

As of March 31, 2019, we did not hold any fixed maturity securities in any single issuer, other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, which exceeded 10% of stockholders’ equity.

(e) Commercial Mortgage Loans

Our mortgage loans are collateralized by commercial properties, including multi-family residential buildings. The carrying value of commercial mortgage loans is stated at original cost net of principal payments, amortization and allowance for loan losses.

 

22


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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

We diversify our commercial mortgage loans by both property type and geographic region. The following tables set forth the distribution across property type and geographic region for commercial mortgage loans as of the dates indicated:

 

     March 31, 2019     December 31, 2018  
     Carrying      % of     Carrying      % of  

(Amounts in millions)

   value      total     value      total  

Property type:

          

Retail

   $ 2,548      37   $ 2,463      37

Industrial

     1,678      24     1,659      25

Office

     1,671      24     1,548      23

Apartments

     520      7     495      7

Mixed use

     254      4     254      4

Other

     272      4     281      4
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     6,943      100     6,700      100
     

 

 

      

 

 

 

Unamortized balance of loan origination fees and costs

     (4        (4   

Allowance for losses

     (10        (9   
  

 

 

      

 

 

    

Total

   $ 6,929      $ 6,687   
  

 

 

      

 

 

    

 

     March 31, 2019     December 31, 2018  
     Carrying      % of     Carrying      % of  

(Amounts in millions)

   value      total     value      total  

Geographic region:

          

South Atlantic

   $ 1,739      25   $ 1,709      26

Pacific

     1,705      25     1,684      25

Middle Atlantic

     1,020      15     950      14

Mountain

     688      10     667      10

West North Central

     486      7     470      7

East North Central

     449      6     405      6

West South Central

     369      5     364      6

New England

     267      4     228      3

East South Central

     220      3     223      3
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     6,943      100     6,700      100
     

 

 

      

 

 

 

Unamortized balance of loan origination fees and costs

     (4        (4   

Allowance for losses

     (10        (9   
  

 

 

      

 

 

    

Total

   $ 6,929      $ 6,687   
  

 

 

      

 

 

    

 

23


Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The following tables set forth the aging of past due commercial mortgage loans by property type as of the dates indicated:

 

     March 31, 2019  
                 Greater than                    
     31 - 60 days     61 - 90 days     90 days past     Total              

(Amounts in millions)

   past due     past due     due     past due     Current     Total  

Property type:

            

Retail

   $ —     $ —     $ —     $ —     $ 2,548   $ 2,548

Industrial

     —         —         —         —         1,678     1,678

Office

     —         —         3     3     1,668     1,671

Apartments

     —         —         —         —         520     520

Mixed use

     —         —         —         —         254     254

Other

     —         —         —         —         272     272
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total recorded investment

   $ —     $ —     $ 3   $ 3   $ 6,940   $ 6,943
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

% of total commercial mortgage loans

     —       —       —       —       100     100
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     December 31, 2018  
                 Greater than                    
     31 - 60 days     61 - 90 days     90 days past     Total              

(Amounts in millions)

   past due     past due     due     past due     Current     Total  

Property type:

            

Retail

   $ 3   $ —       $ —       $ 3   $ 2,460   $ 2,463

Industrial

     —         —         —         —         1,659     1,659

Office

     —         —         3     3     1,545     1,548

Apartments

     —         —         —         —         495     495

Mixed use

     —         —         —         —         254     254

Other

     —         —         —         —         281     281
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total recorded investment

   $ 3   $ —       $ 3   $ 6   $ 6,694   $ 6,700
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

% of total commercial mortgage loans

     —       —       —       —       100     100
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had no commercial loans that were past due for more than 90 days and still accruing interest. We also did not have any commercial mortgage loans that were past due for less than 90 days on non-accrual status as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

We evaluate the impairment of commercial mortgage loans on an individual loan basis. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our commercial mortgage loans greater than 90 days past due included one impaired loan with a carrying value of $3 million. This loan was modified and the modification was considered to be a troubled debt restructuring. As part of this troubled debt restructuring, we forgave default interest, penalties and fees, and modified the original contractual interest rate but we did not forgive the outstanding principal amount owed by the borrower. This loan’s collateral has an appraised value in excess of the carrying amount and the current carrying amount of this loan is expected to be recoverable.

During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018, we also modified or extended one and two additional commercial mortgage loans, respectively, with a total carrying value of

 

24


Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

$11 million and $12 million, respectively. All of these modifications or extensions were based on current market interest rates and did not result in any forgiveness of the outstanding principal amount owed by the borrower.

The following table sets forth the allowance for credit losses and recorded investment in commercial mortgage loans as of or for the periods indicated:

 

     Three months ended  
     March 31,  

(Amounts in millions)

   2019      2018  

Allowance for credit losses:

     

Beginning balance

   $ 9      $ 9  

Charge-offs

     —          —    

Recoveries

     —          —    

Provision

     1      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending balance

   $ 10    $ 9
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending allowance for individually impaired loans

   $ —        $ —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending allowance for loans not individually impaired that were evaluated collectively for impairment

   $ 10    $ 9
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Recorded investment:

     

Ending balance

   $ 6,943    $ 6,348
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending balance of individually impaired loans

   $ 3    $ 6
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending balance of loans not individually impaired that were evaluated collectively for impairment

   $ 6,940    $ 6,342
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had one individual impaired loan within the office property type with a recorded investment and unpaid principal balance of $3 million and as of March 31, 2018, we had one individual impaired loan with an unpaid principal balance of $6 million.

In evaluating the credit quality of commercial mortgage loans, we assess the performance of the underlying loans using both quantitative and qualitative criteria. Certain risks associated with commercial mortgage loans can be evaluated by reviewing both the loan-to-value and debt service coverage ratio to understand both the probability of the borrower not being able to make the necessary loan payments as well as the ability to sell the underlying property for an amount that would enable us to recover our unpaid principal balance in the event of default by the borrower. The average loan-to-value ratio is based on our most recent estimate of the fair value for the underlying property which is evaluated at least annually and updated more frequently if necessary to better indicate risk associated with the loan. A lower loan-to-value indicates that our loan value is more likely to be recovered in the event of default by the borrower if the property was sold. The debt service coverage ratio is based on “normalized” annual income of the property compared to the payments required under the terms of the loan. Normalization allows for the removal of annual one-time events such as capital expenditures, prepaid or late real estate tax payments or non-recurring third-party fees (such as legal, consulting or contract fees). This ratio is evaluated at least annually and updated more frequently if necessary to better indicate risk associated with the loan. A higher debt service coverage ratio indicates the borrower is less likely to default on the loan. The debt service coverage ratio is not used without considering other factors associated with the borrower, such as the borrower’s liquidity or access to other resources that may result in our expectation that the borrower will continue to make the future scheduled payments.

 

25


Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The following tables set forth the loan-to-value of commercial mortgage loans by property type as of the dates indicated:

 

     March 31, 2019  
                             Greater        

(Amounts in millions)

   0% - 50%     51% - 60%     61% - 75%     76% - 100%     than 100% (1)     Total  

Property type:

            

Retail

   $ 877   $ 537   $ 1,119   $ 15   $ —       $ 2,548

Industrial

     738     290     634     14     2       1,678

Office

     588     371     712     —         —         1,671

Apartments

     208     90     217     5     —         520

Mixed use

     104     45     105     —         —         254

Other

     43     68     161     —         —         272
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total recorded investment

   $ 2,558   $ 1,401   $ 2,948   $ 34   $ 2     $ 6,943
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

% of total

     37     20     43     —       —       100
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted-average debt service coverage ratio

     2.42     1.80     1.58     1.46     0.88       1.93
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) 

Included a loan with a recorded investment of $2 million in good standing, where the borrower continued to make timely payments, with a loan-to-value of 104%. We evaluated this loan on an individual basis and as it is in good standing, the current recorded investment is expected to be recoverable.

 

     December 31, 2018  
                             Greater        

(Amounts in millions)

   0% - 50%     51% - 60%     61% - 75%     76% - 100%     than 100% (1)     Total  

Property type:

            

Retail

   $ 866   $ 565   $ 1,017   $ 15   $ —       $ 2,463

Industrial

     749     279     615     14     2       1,659

Office

     585     373     588     2     —         1,548

Apartments

     206     95     189     5     —         495

Mixed use

     105     36     113     —         —         254

Other

     43     78     160     —         —         281
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total recorded investment

   $ 2,554   $ 1,426   $ 2,682   $ 36   $ 2     $ 6,700
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

% of total

     38     21     40     1     —       100
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted-average debt service coverage ratio

     2.42     2.04     1.59     1.38     0.88       2.00
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) 

Included a loan with a recorded investment of $2 million in good standing, where the borrower continued to make timely payments, with a loan-to-value of 105%. We evaluated this loan on an individual basis and as it is in good standing, the current recorded investment is expected to be recoverable.

 

26


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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The following tables set forth the debt service coverage ratio for fixed rate commercial mortgage loans by property type as of the dates indicated:

 

     March 31, 2019  
                             Greater        

(Amounts in millions)

   Less than 1.00     1.00 - 1.25     1.26 - 1.50     1.51 - 2.00     than 2.00     Total  

Property type:

            

Retail

   $ 35   $ 155   $ 572   $ 1,216   $ 570   $ 2,548

Industrial

     22     69     259     667     661     1,678

Office

     53     56     203     836     523     1,671

Apartments

     4     24     108     191     193     520

Mixed use

     3     18     52     80     101     254

Other

     13     133     52     40     34     272
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total recorded investment

   $ 130   $ 455   $ 1,246   $ 3,030   $ 2,082   $ 6,943
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

% of total

     2     7     18     43     30     100
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted-average loan-to-value

     56     61     64     59     42     55
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     December 31, 2018  
                             Greater        

(Amounts in millions)

   Less than 1.00     1.00 - 1.25     1.26 - 1.50     1.51 - 2.00     than 2.00     Total  

Property type:

            

Retail

   $ 43   $ 157   $ 448   $ 1,234   $ 581   $ 2,463

Industrial

     22     75     233     653     676     1,659

Office

     57     56     156     765     514     1,548

Apartments

     4     24     104     168     195     495

Mixed use

     3     19     51     80     101     254

Other

     13     134     50     50     34     281
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total recorded investment

   $ 142   $ 465   $ 1,042   $ 2,950   $ 2,101   $ 6,700
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

% of total

     2     7     16     44     31     100
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted-average loan-to-value

     57     61     62     59     42     54
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(f) Restricted Commercial Mortgage Loans Related To A Securitization Entity

We have a consolidated securitization entity that holds commercial mortgage loans that are recorded as restricted commercial mortgage loans related to a securitization entity. Our primary economic interest in this securitization entity represents the excess interest of the commercial mortgage loans.

(g) Limited Partnerships or Similar Entities

Limited partnerships are accounted for at fair value when our partnership interest is considered minor (generally less than 3% ownership in the limited partnerships) and we exercise no influence over operating and financial policies. If our ownership percentage exceeds that threshold, limited partnerships are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. In applying either method, we use financial information provided by the investee generally on a one-to-three month lag. However, we consider whether an adjustment to the estimated fair value is necessary when the measurement date is not aligned with our reporting date.

 

27


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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

Investments in partnerships or similar entities are generally considered VIEs when the equity group lacks sufficient financial control. Generally, these investments are limited partner or non-managing member equity investments in a widely held fund that is sponsored and managed by a reputable asset manager. We are not the primary beneficiary of any VIE investment in a limited partnership or similar entity. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the total carrying value of these investments was $445 million and $394 million, respectively. Our maximum exposure to loss is equal to the outstanding carrying value and future funding commitments. We have not contributed, and do not plan to contribute, any additional financial or other support outside of what is contractually obligated.

(5) Derivative Instruments

Our business activities routinely deal with fluctuations in interest rates, equity prices, currency exchange rates and other asset and liability prices. We use derivative instruments to mitigate or reduce some of these risks. We have established policies for managing each of these risks, including prohibitions on derivatives market-making and other speculative derivatives activities. These policies require the use of derivative instruments in concert with other techniques to reduce or mitigate these risks. While we use derivatives to mitigate or reduce risks, certain derivatives do not meet the accounting requirements to be designated as hedging instruments and are denoted as “derivatives not designated as hedges” in the following disclosures. For derivatives that meet the accounting requirements to be designated as hedges, the following disclosures for these derivatives are denoted as “derivatives designated as hedges,” which include cash flow hedges.

 

28


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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The following table sets forth our positions in derivative instruments as of the dates indicated:

 

   

Derivative assets

   

Derivative liabilities

 
        Fair value         Fair value  
    Balance   March 31,     December 31,     Balance   March 31,     December 31,  

(Amounts in millions)

 

sheet classification

  2019      2018    

sheet classification

  2019      2018  

Derivatives designated as hedges

           

Cash flow hedges:

           

Interest rate swaps

  Other invested assets   $ 59     $ 42   Other liabilities   $ 49     $ 102

Foreign currency swaps

  Other invested assets     3       6   Other liabilities     —         —    
   

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total cash flow hedges

      62       48       49       102
   

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total derivatives designated as hedges

      62       48       49       102
   

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Derivatives not designated as hedges

           

Interest rate swaps in a foreign currency

  Other invested assets     46       74   Other liabilities     —         —    

Interest rate caps and floors

  Other invested assets     13       7   Other liabilities     —         —    

Foreign currency swaps

  Other invested assets     —         —       Other liabilities     13       23

Equity index options

  Other invested assets     60       39   Other liabilities     —         —    

Financial futures

  Other invested assets     —         —       Other liabilities     —         —    

Equity return swaps

  Other invested assets     —         —       Other liabilities     1       1

Other foreign currency contracts

  Other invested assets     6       10   Other liabilities     25       42

GMWB embedded derivatives

  Reinsurance recoverable (1)     18       20   Policyholder account balances (2)     295       337

Fixed index annuity embedded derivatives

  Other assets     —         —       Policyholder account balances (3)     423       389

Indexed universal life embedded derivatives

  Reinsurance recoverable     —         —       Policyholder account balances (4)     13       12
   

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total derivatives not designated as hedges

      143       150       770       804
   

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total derivatives

    $ 205     $ 198     $ 819     $ 906
   

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) 

Represents embedded derivatives associated with the reinsured portion of our guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits (“GMWB”) liabilities.

(2) 

Represents the embedded derivatives associated with our GMWB liabilities, excluding the impact of reinsurance.

(3) 

Represents the embedded derivatives associated with our fixed index annuity liabilities.

(4) 

Represents the embedded derivatives associated with our indexed universal life liabilities.

 

29


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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The fair value of derivative positions presented above was not offset by the respective collateral amounts received or provided under these agreements.

The activity associated with derivative instruments can generally be measured by the change in notional value over the periods presented. However, for GMWB, fixed index annuity embedded derivatives and indexed universal life embedded derivatives, the change between periods is best illustrated by the number of policies. The following tables represent activity associated with derivative instruments as of the dates indicated:

 

        December 31,           Maturities/     March 31,  

(Notional in millions)

 

Measurement

  2018     Additions     terminations     2019  

Derivatives designated as hedges

         

Cash flow hedges:

         

Interest rate swaps

  Notional   $ 9,924   $ —       $ (654   $ 9,270

Foreign currency swaps

  Notional     80     35     (22     93
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total cash flow hedges

      10,004     35     (676     9,363
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total derivatives designated as hedges

      10,004     35     (676     9,363
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Derivatives not designated as hedges

         

Interest rate swaps

  Notional     4,674     —         —         4,674

Interest rate swaps in a foreign currency

  Notional     2,565     98     (44     2,619

Interest rate caps and floors

  Notional     2,624     84     (38     2,670

Foreign currency swaps

  Notional     453     —         (2     451

Equity index options

  Notional     2,628     503     (580     2,551

Financial futures

  Notional     1,415     1,759     (1,968     1,206

Equity return swaps

  Notional     17     1     —         18

Other foreign currency contracts

  Notional     1,080     1,386     (1,414     1,052
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total derivatives not designated as hedges

      15,456     3,831     (4,046     15,241
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total derivatives

    $ 25,460   $ 3,866   $ (4,722   $ 24,604
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
        December 31,           Maturities/     March 31,  

(Number of policies)

 

Measurement

  2018     Additions     terminations     2019  

Derivatives not designated as hedges

         

GMWB embedded derivatives

  Policies     27,886     —         (577     27,309

Fixed index annuity embedded derivatives

  Policies     16,464     —         (213     16,251

Indexed universal life embedded derivatives

  Policies     929     —         (11     918

Cash Flow Hedges

Certain derivative instruments are designated as cash flow hedges. The changes in fair value of these instruments are recorded as a component of OCI. We designate and account for the following as cash flow hedges when they have met the effectiveness requirements: (i) various types of interest rate swaps to convert floating rate investments to fixed rate investments; (ii) various types of interest rate swaps to convert floating rate liabilities into fixed rate liabilities; (iii) receive U.S. dollar fixed on foreign currency swaps to hedge the foreign currency cash flow exposure of foreign currency denominated investments; (iv) forward starting interest rate swaps to hedge against changes in interest rates associated with future fixed rate bond purchases and/or interest income; and (v) other instruments to hedge the cash flows of various forecasted transactions.

 

30


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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The following table provides information about the pre-tax income effects of cash flow hedges for the three months ended March 31, 2019:

 

          Gain (loss)                
          reclassified into     Classification of gain   Gain (loss)     Classification of gain
    Gain (loss)     net income     (loss) reclassified into   recognized in     (loss) recognized in

(Amounts in millions)

  recognized in OCI     from OCI    

net income

  net income    

net income

Interest rate swaps hedging assets

  $ 137   $ 38   Net investment income   $ —       Net investment gains (losses)

Interest rate swaps hedging assets

    —         6   Net investment gains (losses)     —       Net investment gains (losses)

Interest rate swaps hedging liabilities

    (12     —       Interest expense     —       Net investment gains (losses)

Foreign currency swaps

    (3     —       Net investment income     2     Net investment gains (losses)
 

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

   

Total

  $ 122   $ 44     $ 2    
 

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

   

The following table provides information about the pre-tax income effects of cash flow hedges for the three months ended March 31, 2018:

 

          Gain (loss)                
          reclassified into     Classification of gain   Gain (loss)     Classification of gain
    Gain (loss)     net income     (loss) reclassified into   recognized in     (loss) recognized in

(Amounts in millions)

  recognized in OCI     from OCI    

net income

  net income    

net income

Interest rate swaps hedging assets

  $ (173   $ 35   Net investment income   $ —       Net investment gains (losses)

Interest rate swaps hedging assets

    —         5   Net investment gains (losses)     —       Net investment gains (losses)

Interest rate swaps hedging liabilities

    17     —       Interest expense     —       Net investment gains (losses)

Foreign currency swaps

    (1     —       Net investment income     —       Net investment gains (losses)
 

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

   

Total

  $ (157   $ 40     $ —      
 

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

   

 

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Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The following table provides a reconciliation of current period changes, net of applicable income taxes, for these designated derivatives presented in the separate component of stockholders’ equity labeled “derivatives qualifying as hedges,” for the periods indicated:

 

     Three months ended  
     March 31,  

(Amounts in millions)

   2019     2018  

Derivatives qualifying as effective accounting hedges as of January 1

   $ 1,781   $ 2,065

Cumulative effect of changes in accounting:

    

Stranded tax effects

     —         12

Changes to the hedge accounting model, net of deferred taxes of $— and $(1)

     —         2
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total cumulative effect of changes in accounting

     —         14
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Current period increases (decreases) in fair value, net of deferred taxes of $(25) and $34

     97     (126

Reclassification to net (income), net of deferred taxes of $16 and $14

     (28     (26
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Derivatives qualifying as effective accounting hedges as of March 31

   $ 1,850   $ 1,927
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The total of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges of $1,850 million, net of taxes, recorded in stockholders’ equity as of March 31, 2019 is expected to be reclassified to net income in the future, concurrently with and primarily offsetting changes in interest expense and interest income on floating rate instruments and interest income on future fixed rate bond purchases. Of this amount, $109 million, net of taxes, is expected to be reclassified to net income in the next 12 months. Actual amounts may vary from this amount as a result of market conditions. All forecasted transactions associated with qualifying cash flow hedges are expected to occur by 2057. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we reclassified $4 million and $3 million, respectively, to net income in connection with forecasted transactions that were no longer considered probable of occurring.

Derivatives Not Designated As Hedges

We also enter into certain non-qualifying derivative instruments such as: (i) interest rate swaps and financial futures to mitigate interest rate risk as part of managing regulatory capital positions; (ii) equity index options, equity return swaps, interest rate swaps and financial futures to mitigate the risks associated with liabilities that have guaranteed minimum benefits, fixed index annuities and indexed universal life; (iii) interest rate swaps in a foreign currency and interest rate caps and floors where the hedging relationship does not qualify for hedge accounting; (iv) foreign currency swaps, options and forward contracts to mitigate currency risk associated with non-functional currency investments held by certain foreign subsidiaries and future dividends or other cash flows from certain foreign subsidiaries to our holding company; and (v) equity index options to mitigate certain macroeconomic risks associated with certain foreign subsidiaries. Additionally, we provide GMWBs on certain variable annuities that are required to be bifurcated as embedded derivatives. We also offer fixed index annuity and indexed universal life insurance products and have reinsurance agreements with certain features that are required to be bifurcated as embedded derivatives.

 

32


Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The following tables provide the pre-tax gain (loss) recognized in net income for the effects of derivatives not designated as hedges for the periods indicated:

 

     Three months ended March 31,    

Classification of gain (loss) recognized

in net income

(Amounts in millions)

   2019     2018  

Interest rate swaps

   $ (1   $ (1   Net investment gains (losses)

Interest rate swaps in a foreign currency

     (23     —       Net investment gains (losses)

Interest rate caps and floors

     6     —       Net investment gains (losses)

Equity index options

     17     (15   Net investment gains (losses)

Financial futures

     (44     (24   Net investment gains (losses)

Equity return swaps

     —         (5   Net investment gains (losses)

Other foreign currency contracts

     9     8   Net investment gains (losses)

Foreign currency swaps

     10     (8   Net investment gains (losses)

GMWB embedded derivatives

     45     14   Net investment gains (losses)

Fixed index annuity embedded derivatives

     (38     8   Net investment gains (losses)

Indexed universal life embedded derivatives

     1     5   Net investment gains (losses)
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

Total derivatives not designated as hedges

   $ (18   $ (18  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

Derivative Counterparty Credit Risk

Most of our derivative arrangements with counterparties require the posting of collateral upon meeting certain net exposure thresholds. The following table presents additional information about derivative assets and liabilities subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement as of the dates indicated:

 

    March 31, 2019     December 31, 2018  
    Derivatives     Derivatives     Net     Derivatives     Derivatives     Net  

(Amounts in millions)

  assets (1)     liabilities (2)     derivatives     assets (1)     liabilities (2)     derivatives  

Amounts presented in the balance sheet:

           

Gross amounts recognized

  $ 196     $ 89     $ 107   $ 185     $ 169     $ 16

Gross amounts offset in the balance sheet

    —         —         —         —         —         —    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net amounts presented in the balance sheet

    196       89       107     185       169       16

Gross amounts not offset in the balance sheet:

           

Financial instruments (3)

    (40 )       (40 )       —         (66 )       (66 )       —    

Collateral received

    (66 )       —         (66     (84 )       —         (84

Collateral pledged

    —         (428 )       428     —         (536 )       536

Over collateralization

    2       380       (378     10       433       (423
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net amount

  $ 92     $ 1     $ 91   $ 45     $ —       $ 45
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) 

Included $9 million and $6 million of accruals on derivatives classified as other assets and does not include amounts related to embedded derivatives as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

(2) 

Included $1 million of accruals on derivatives included in other liabilities as of March 31, 2019 and does not include amounts related to embedded derivatives as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

(3)

Amounts represent derivative assets and/or liabilities that are presented gross within the balance sheet but are held with the same counterparty where we have a master netting arrangement. This adjustment results in presenting the net asset and net liability position for each counterparty.

 

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Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

Several of our master swap agreements contain credit downgrade provisions that allow either party to assign or terminate derivative transactions if the other party’s long-term unsecured debt rating, financial strength rating or risk-based capital ratio is below the limit defined in the applicable agreement. If the provisions defined in these agreements had been triggered as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we could have been allowed to claim $92 million and $45 million, respectively, or have been required to disburse up to $1 million as of March 31, 2019. The chart above excludes embedded derivatives as those derivatives are not subject to master netting arrangements. As of March 31, 2019, no counterparties exercised their rights to terminate or revise the terms of their transactions with us.

(6) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Assets and liabilities that are reflected in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements at fair value are not included in the following disclosure of fair value. Such items include cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, short-term investments, investment securities, separate accounts, securities held as collateral and derivative instruments. Apart from certain of our borrowings and certain marketable securities, few of the instruments are actively traded and their fair values must often be determined using models. The fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based upon available market information and judgments about the financial instruments, including estimates of the timing and amount of expected future cash flows and the credit standing of counterparties. Such estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time our entire holdings of a particular financial instrument, nor do they consider the tax impact of the realization of unrealized gains or losses. In many cases, the fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets.

 

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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The following represents our estimated fair value of financial assets and liabilities that are not required to be carried at fair value as of the dates indicated:

 

     March 31, 2019  
     Notional
amount
    Carrying
amount
     Fair value  

(Amounts in millions)

   Total      Level 1      Level 2      Level 3  

Assets:

                

Commercial mortgage loans

              (1)    $ 6,929    $ 7,038    $ —        $ —        $ 7,038

Restricted commercial mortgage loans

              (1)      59      63      —          —          63

Bank loan investments

              (1)      294      293      —          —          293

Liabilities:

                

Long-term borrowings

              (1)      4,035      3,564      —          3,420      144

Non-recourse funding obligations

              (1)      311      215      —          —          215

Investment contracts

              (1)      12,663      13,241      —          —          13,241

Other firm commitments:

                

Commitments to fund limited partnerships

     747       —          —          —          —          —    

Commitments to fund bank loan investments

     40       —          —          —          —          —    

Ordinary course of business lending commitments

     152       —          —          —          —          —    
     December 31, 2018  
     Notional
amount
    Carrying
amount
     Fair value  

(Amounts in millions)

   Total      Level 1      Level 2      Level 3  

Assets:

                

Commercial mortgage loans

              (1)    $ 6,687    $ 6,737    $ —        $ —        $ 6,737

Restricted commercial mortgage loans

              (1)      62      66      —          —          66

Bank loan investments

              (1)      248      248      —          —          248

Liabilities:

                

Long-term borrowings

              (1)      4,025      3,577      —          3,434      143

Non-recourse funding obligations

              (1)      311      215      —          —          215

Investment contracts

              (1)      13,105      13,052      —          —          13,052

Other firm commitments:

                

Commitments to fund limited partnerships

     539       —          —          —          —          —    

Commitments to fund bank loan investments

     33       —          —          —          —          —    

Ordinary course of business lending commitments

     73       —          —          —          —          —    

 

(1) 

These financial instruments do not have notional amounts.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

We have fixed maturity, short-term investments, equity securities, limited partnerships, derivatives, embedded derivatives, securities held as collateral, separate account assets and certain other financial instruments, which are carried at fair value. Below is a description of the valuation techniques and inputs used to determine fair value by class of instrument.

 

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Limited partnerships

Limited partnerships are valued based on comparable market transactions, discounted future cash flows, quoted market prices and/or estimates using the most recent data available for the underlying instrument. We utilize the net asset value (“NAV”) of the underlying fund statements as a practical expedient for fair value.

Fixed maturity, short-term investments and equity securities

The fair value of fixed maturity, short-term investments and equity securities are estimated primarily based on information derived from third-party pricing services (“pricing services”), internal models and/or broker quotes, which use a market approach, income approach or a combination of the market and income approach depending on the type of instrument and availability of information. In general, a market approach is utilized if there is readily available and relevant market activity for an individual security. In certain cases where market information is not available for a specific security but is available for similar securities, a security is valued using that market information for similar securities, which is also a market approach. When market information is not available for a specific security or is available but such information is less relevant or reliable, an income approach or a combination of a market and income approach is utilized. For securities with optionality, such as call or prepayment features (including mortgage-backed or asset-backed securities), an income approach may be used. In addition, a combination of the results from market and income approaches may be used to estimate fair value. These valuation techniques may change from period to period, based on the relevance and availability of market data.

We utilize certain third-party data providers when determining fair value. We consider information obtained from pricing services as well as broker quotes in our determination of fair value. Additionally, we utilize internal models to determine the valuation of securities using an income approach where the inputs are based on third-party provided market inputs. While we consider the valuations provided by pricing services and broker quotes to be of high quality, management determines the fair value of our investment securities after considering all relevant and available information. We also use various methods to obtain an understanding of the valuation methodologies and procedures used by third-party data providers to ensure sufficient understanding to evaluate the valuation data received, including an understanding of the assumptions and inputs utilized to determine the appropriate fair value. For pricing services, we analyze the prices provided by our primary pricing services to other readily available pricing services and perform a detailed review of the assumptions and inputs from each pricing service to determine the appropriate fair value when pricing differences exceed certain thresholds. We evaluate changes in fair value that are greater than certain pre-defined thresholds each month to further aid in our review of the accuracy of fair value measurements and our understanding of changes in fair value, with more detailed reviews performed by the asset managers responsible for the related asset class associated with the security being reviewed. A pricing committee provides additional oversight and guidance in the evaluation and review of the pricing methodologies used to value our investment portfolio.

In general, we first obtain valuations from pricing services. For certain private fixed maturity securities where we do not obtain valuations from pricing services, we utilize an internal model to determine fair value since transactions for identical securities are not readily observable and these securities are not typically valued by pricing services. If prices are unavailable from public pricing services, we obtain broker quotes. For all securities, excluding certain private fixed maturity securities, if neither a pricing service nor broker quotes valuation is available, we determine fair value using internal models.

For pricing services, we obtain an understanding of the pricing methodologies and procedures for each type of instrument. Additionally, on a monthly basis we review a sample of securities, examining the pricing service’s

 

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assumptions to determine if we agree with the service’s derived price. When available, we also evaluate the prices sampled as compared to other public prices. If a variance greater than a pre-defined threshold is noted, additional review of the price is executed to ensure accuracy. In general, a pricing service does not provide a price for a security if sufficient information is not readily available to determine fair value or if such security is not in the specific sector or class covered by a particular pricing service. Given our understanding of the pricing methodologies and procedures of pricing services, the securities valued by pricing services are typically classified as Level 2 unless we determine the valuation process for a security or group of securities utilizes significant unobservable inputs, which would result in the valuation being classified as Level 3.

For private fixed maturity securities, we utilize an income approach where we obtain public bond spreads and utilize those in an internal model to determine fair value. Other inputs to the model include rating and weighted-average life, as well as sector which is used to assign the spread. We then add an additional premium, which represents an unobservable input, to the public bond spread to adjust for the liquidity and other features of our private placements. We utilize the estimated market yield to discount the expected cash flows of the security to determine fair value. We utilize price caps for securities where the estimated market yield results in a valuation that may exceed the amount that would be received in a market transaction and value all private fixed maturity securities at par that have less than 12 months to maturity. When a security does not have an external rating, we assign the security an internal rating to determine the appropriate public bond spread that should be utilized in the valuation. To evaluate the reasonableness of the internal model, we review a sample of private fixed maturity securities each month. In that review we compare the modeled prices to the prices of similar public securities in conjunction with analysis on current market indicators. If a pricing variance greater than a pre-defined threshold is noted, additional review of the price is executed to ensure accuracy. At the end of each month, all internally modeled prices are compared to the prior month prices with an evaluation of all securities with a month-over-month change greater than a pre-defined threshold. While we generally consider the public bond spreads by sector and maturity to be observable inputs, we evaluate the similarities of our private placement with the public bonds, any price caps utilized, liquidity premiums applied, and whether external ratings are available for our private placements to determine whether the spreads utilized would be considered observable inputs. We classify private securities without an external rating and public bond spread as Level 3. In general, increases (decreases) in credit spreads will decrease (increase) the fair value for our fixed maturity securities.

For broker quotes, we consider the valuation methodology utilized by the third party and analyze a sample each month to assess reasonableness given then-current market conditions. Additionally, for broker quotes on certain structured securities, we validate prices received against other publicly available pricing sources. Broker quotes are typically based on an income approach given the lack of available market data. As the valuation typically includes significant unobservable inputs, we classify the securities where fair value is based on our consideration of broker quotes as Level 3 measurements.

For remaining securities priced using internal models, we determine fair value using an income approach. We analyze a sample each month to assess reasonableness given then-current market conditions. We maximize the use of observable inputs but typically utilize significant unobservable inputs to determine fair value. Accordingly, the valuations are typically classified as Level 3.

A summary of the inputs used for our fixed maturity, short-term investments and equity securities based on the level in which instruments are classified is included below. We have combined certain classes of instruments together as the nature of the inputs is similar.

 

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Level 1 measurements

Equity securities. The primary inputs to the valuation of exchange-traded equity securities include quoted prices for the identical instrument.

Short-term investments. Short-term investments primarily include commercial paper and other highly liquid debt instruments. The fair value of short-term investments classified as Level 1 is based on quoted prices for the identical instrument.

Separate account assets. The fair value of separate account assets is based on the quoted prices of the underlying fund investments and, therefore, represents Level 1 pricing.

Level 2 measurements

Fixed maturity securities

 

   

Third-party pricing services: In estimating the fair value of fixed maturity securities, approximately 91% of our portfolio is priced using third-party pricing sources as of March 31, 2019. These pricing services utilize industry-standard valuation techniques that include market-based approaches, income-based approaches, a combination of market-based and income-based approaches or other proprietary, internally generated models as part of the valuation processes. These third-party pricing vendors maximize the use of publicly available data inputs to generate valuations for each asset class. Priority and type of inputs used may change frequently as certain inputs may be more direct drivers of valuation at the time of pricing. Examples of significant inputs incorporated by third-party pricing services may include sector and issuer spreads, seasoning, capital structure, security optionality, collateral data, prepayment assumptions, default assumptions, delinquencies, debt covenants, benchmark yields, trade data, dealer quotes, credit ratings, maturity and weighted-average life. We conduct regular meetings with our third-party pricing services for the purpose of understanding the methodologies, techniques and inputs used by the third-party pricing providers.

 

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The following table presents a summary of the significant inputs used by our third-party pricing services for certain fair value measurements of fixed maturity securities that are classified as Level 2 as of March 31, 2019:

 

(Amounts in millions)

   Fair value     

Primary methodologies

  

Significant inputs

U.S. government, agencies and government-sponsored enterprises

   $ 4,731    Price quotes from trading desk, broker feeds    Bid side prices, trade prices, Option Adjusted Spread (“OAS”) to swap curve, Bond Market Association OAS, Treasury Curve, Agency Bullet Curve, maturity to issuer spread

State and political subdivisions

   $ 2,494    Multi-dimensional attribute-based modeling systems, third-party pricing vendors    Trade prices, material event notices, Municipal Market Data benchmark yields, broker quotes

Non-U.S. government

   $ 2,502    Matrix pricing, spread priced to benchmark curves, price quotes from market makers    Benchmark yields, trade prices, broker quotes, comparative transactions, issuer spreads, bid-offer spread, market research publications, third-party pricing sources

U.S. corporate

   $  26,748    Multi-dimensional attribute-based modeling systems, broker quotes, price quotes from market makers, internal models, OAS-based models    Bid side prices to Treasury Curve, Issuer Curve, which includes sector, quality, duration, OAS percentage and change for spread matrix, trade prices, comparative transactions, Trade Reporting and Compliance Engine (“TRACE”) reports

Non-U.S. corporate

   $  10,123    Multi-dimensional attribute-based modeling systems, OAS-based models, price quotes from market makers    Benchmark yields, trade prices, broker quotes, comparative transactions, issuer spreads, bid-offer spread, market research publications, third-party pricing sources

Residential mortgage-backed

   $ 2,915    OAS-based models, To Be Announced pricing models, single factor binomial models, internally priced    Prepayment and default assumptions, aggregation of bonds with similar characteristics, including collateral type, vintage, tranche type, weighted-average life, weighted-average loan age, issuer program and delinquency ratio, pay up and pay down factors, TRACE reports

Commercial mortgage-backed

   $ 2,864    Multi-dimensional attribute-based modeling systems, pricing matrix, spread matrix priced to swap curves, Trepp commercial mortgage-backed securities analytics model    Credit risk, interest rate risk, prepayment speeds, new issue data, collateral performance, origination year, tranche type, original credit ratings, weighted-average life, cash flows, spreads derived from broker quotes, bid side prices, spreads to daily updated swaps curves, TRACE reports

Other asset-backed

   $ 3,224    Multi-dimensional attribute-based modeling systems, spread matrix priced to swap curves, price quotes from market makers, internal models    Spreads to daily updated swaps curves, spreads derived from trade prices and broker quotes, bid side prices, new issue data, collateral performance, analysis of prepayment speeds, cash flows, collateral loss analytics, historical issue analysis, trade data from market makers, TRACE reports

 

   

Internal models: A portion of our non-U.S. government, U.S. corporate and non-U.S. corporate securities are valued using internal models. The fair value of these fixed maturity securities were

 

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$16 million, $1,031 million and $588 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2019. Internally modeled securities are primarily private fixed maturity securities where we use market observable inputs such as an interest rate yield curve, published credit spreads for similar securities based on the external ratings of the instrument and related industry sector of the issuer. Additionally, we may apply certain price caps and liquidity premiums in the valuation of private fixed maturity securities. Price caps and liquidity premiums are established using inputs from market participants.

Equity securities. The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical assets, or similar assets in markets that are not active.

Securities lending collateral

The fair value of securities held as collateral is primarily based on Level 2 inputs from market information for the collateral that is held on our behalf by the custodian. We determine fair value after considering prices obtained by third-party pricing services.

Short-term investments

The fair value of short-term investments classified as Level 2 is determined after considering prices obtained by third-party pricing services.

Level 3 measurements

Fixed maturity securities

 

   

Internal models: A portion of our state and political subdivisions, U.S. corporate, non-U.S. corporate, residential mortgage-backed, commercial mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities are valued using internal models. The primary inputs to the valuation of the bond population include quoted prices for identical assets, or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, duration, call provisions, issuer rating, benchmark yields and credit spreads. Certain private fixed maturity securities are valued using an internal model using market observable inputs such as interest rate yield curve, as well as published credit spreads for similar securities where there are no external ratings of the instrument and include a significant unobservable input. Additionally, we may apply certain price caps and liquidity premiums in the valuation of private fixed maturity securities. Price caps are established using inputs from market participants. For structured securities, the primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical assets, or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, weighted-average coupon, weighted-average maturity, issuer rating, structure of the security, expected prepayment speeds and volumes, collateral type, current and forecasted loss severity, average delinquency rates, vintage of the loans, geographic region, debt service coverage ratios, payment priority with the tranche, benchmark yields and credit spreads. The fair value of our Level 3 fixed maturity securities priced using internal models was $3,660 million as of March 31, 2019.

 

   

Broker quotes: A portion of our state and political subdivisions, U.S. corporate, non-U.S. corporate, residential mortgage-backed, commercial mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities are valued using broker quotes. Broker quotes are obtained from third-party providers that have current market knowledge to provide a reasonable price for securities not routinely priced by third-party pricing services. Brokers utilized for valuation of assets are reviewed annually. The fair value of our Level 3 fixed maturity securities priced by broker quotes was $464 million as of March 31, 2019.

 

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Equity securities. The primary inputs to the valuation include broker quotes where the underlying inputs are unobservable and for internal models, structure of the security and issuer rating.

GMWB embedded derivatives

We are required to bifurcate an embedded derivative for certain features associated with annuity products and related reinsurance agreements where we provide a GMWB to the policyholder and are required to record the GMWB embedded derivative at fair value. The valuation of our GMWB embedded derivative is based on an income approach that incorporates inputs such as forward interest rates, equity index volatility, equity index and fund correlation, and policyholder assumptions such as utilization, lapse and mortality. In addition to these inputs, we also consider risk and expense margins when determining the projected cash flows that would be determined by another market participant. While the risk and expense margins are considered in determining fair value, these inputs do not have a significant impact on the valuation. We determine fair value using an internal model based on the various inputs noted above. The resulting fair value measurement from the model is reviewed by the product actuarial, risk and finance professionals each reporting period with changes in fair value also being compared to changes in derivatives and other instruments used to mitigate changes in fair value from certain market risks, such as equity index volatility and interest rates.

For GMWB liabilities, non-performance risk is integrated into the discount rate. Our discount rate used to determine fair value of our GMWB liabilities includes market credit spreads above U.S. Treasury rates to reflect an adjustment for the non-performance risk of the GMWB liabilities. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the impact of non-performance risk resulted in a lower fair value of our GMWB liabilities of $60 million and $64 million, respectively.

To determine the appropriate discount rate to reflect the non-performance risk of the GMWB liabilities, we evaluate the non-performance risk in our liabilities based on a hypothetical exit market transaction as there is no exit market for these types of liabilities. A hypothetical exit market can be viewed as a hypothetical transfer of the liability to another similarly rated insurance company which would closely resemble a reinsurance transaction. Another hypothetical exit market transaction can be viewed as a hypothetical transaction from the perspective of the GMWB policyholder. In determining the appropriate discount rate to incorporate non-performance risk of the GMWB liabilities, we also considered the impacts of state guarantees embedded in the related insurance product as a form of inseparable third-party guarantee. We believe that a hypothetical exit market participant would use a similar discount rate as described above to value the liabilities.

For equity index volatility, we determine the projected equity market volatility using both historical volatility and projected equity market volatility with more significance being placed on projected near-term volatility and recent historical data. Given the different attributes and market characteristics of GMWB liabilities compared to equity index options in the derivative market, the equity index volatility assumption for GMWB liabilities may be different from the volatility assumption for equity index options, especially for the longer dated points on the curve.

Equity index and fund correlations are determined based on historical price observations for the fund and equity index.

For policyholder assumptions, we use our expected lapse, mortality and utilization assumptions and update these assumptions for our actual experience, as necessary. For our lapse assumption, we adjust our base lapse assumption by policy based on a combination of the policyholder’s current account value and GMWB benefit.

 

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We classify the GMWB valuation as Level 3 based on having significant unobservable inputs, with equity index volatility and non-performance risk being considered the more significant unobservable inputs. As equity index volatility increases, the fair value of the GMWB liabilities will increase. Any increase in non-performance risk would increase the discount rate and would decrease the fair value of the GMWB liability. Additionally, we consider lapse and utilization assumptions to be significant unobservable inputs. An increase in our lapse assumption would decrease the fair value of the GMWB liability, whereas an increase in our utilization rate would increase the fair value.

Fixed index annuity embedded derivatives

We have fixed indexed annuity products where interest is credited to the policyholder’s account balance based on equity index changes. This feature is required to be bifurcated as an embedded derivative and recorded at fair value. Fair value is determined using an income approach where the present value of the excess cash flows above the guaranteed cash flows is used to determine the value attributed to the equity index feature. The inputs used in determining the fair value include policyholder behavior (lapses and withdrawals), near-term equity index volatility, expected future interest credited, forward interest rates and an adjustment to the discount rate to incorporate non-performance risk and risk margins. As a result of our assumptions for policyholder behavior and expected future interest credited being considered significant unobservable inputs, we classify these instruments as Level 3. As lapses and withdrawals increase, the value of our embedded derivative liability will decrease. As expected future interest credited decreases, the value of our embedded derivative liability will decrease.

Indexed universal life embedded derivatives

We have indexed universal life insurance products where interest is credited to the policyholder’s account balance based on equity index changes. This feature is required to be bifurcated as an embedded derivative and recorded at fair value. Fair value is determined using an income approach where the present value of the excess cash flows above the guaranteed cash flows is used to determine the value attributed to the equity index feature. The inputs used in determining the fair value include policyholder behavior (lapses and withdrawals), near-term equity index volatility, expected future interest credited, forward interest rates and an adjustment to the discount rate to incorporate non-performance risk and risk margins. As a result of our assumptions for policyholder behavior and expected future interest credited being considered significant unobservable inputs, we classify these instruments as Level 3. As lapses and withdrawals increase, the value of our embedded derivative liability will decrease. As expected future interest credited decreases, the value of our embedded derivative liability will decrease.

Derivatives

We consider counterparty collateral arrangements and rights of set-off when evaluating our net credit risk exposure to our derivative counterparties. Accordingly, we are permitted to include consideration of these arrangements when determining whether any incremental adjustment should be made for both the counterparty’s and our non-performance risk in measuring fair value for our derivative instruments. As a result of these counterparty arrangements, we determined that any adjustment for credit risk would not be material and we have not recorded any incremental adjustment for our non-performance risk or the non-performance risk of the derivative counterparty for our derivative assets or liabilities. We determine fair value for our derivatives using an income approach with internal models based on relevant market inputs for each derivative instrument. We also compare the fair value determined using our internal model to the valuations provided by our derivative counterparties with any significant differences or changes in valuation being evaluated further by our derivatives professionals that are familiar with the instrument and market inputs used in the valuation.

 

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Interest rate swaps. The valuation of interest rate swaps is determined using an income approach. The primary input into the valuation represents the forward interest rate swap curve, which is generally considered an observable input, and results in the derivative being classified as Level 2. For certain interest rate swaps, the inputs into the valuation also include the total returns of certain bonds that would primarily be considered an observable input and result in the derivative being classified as Level 2.

Interest rate swaps in a foreign currency. The valuation of interest rate swaps in a foreign currency is determined using an income approach. The primary inputs into the valuation represents the forward interest rate swap curve and foreign currency exchange rates, which are generally considered observable inputs, and results in the derivative being classified as Level 2.

Interest rate caps and floors. The valuation of interest rate caps and floors is determined using an income approach. The primary inputs into the valuation represent the forward interest rate swap curve, forward interest rate volatility and time value component associated with the optionality in the derivative which are generally considered observable inputs and results in the derivatives being classified as Level 2.

Foreign currency swaps. The valuation of foreign currency swaps is determined using an income approach. The primary inputs into the valuation represent the forward interest rate swap curve and foreign currency exchange rates, both of which are considered observable inputs, and results in the derivative being classified as Level 2.

Equity index options. We have equity index options associated with various equity indices. The valuation of equity index options is determined using an income approach. The primary inputs into the valuation represent forward interest rates, equity index volatility, equity index and time value component associated with the optionality in the derivative, which are considered significant unobservable inputs in most instances. The equity index volatility surface is determined based on market information that is not readily observable and is developed based upon inputs received from several third-party sources. Accordingly, these options are classified as Level 3. As equity index volatility increases, our valuation of these options changes favorably.

Financial futures. The fair value of financial futures is based on the closing exchange prices. Accordingly, these financial futures are classified as Level 1. The period end valuation is zero as a result of settling the margins on these contracts on a daily basis.

Equity return swaps. The valuation of equity return swaps is determined using an income approach. The primary inputs into the valuation represent the forward interest rate swap curve and underlying equity index values, which are generally considered observable inputs, and results in the derivative being classified as Level 2.

Other foreign currency contracts. We have certain foreign currency options classified as other foreign currency contracts. The valuation of foreign currency options is determined using an income approach. The primary inputs into the valuation represent the forward interest rate swap curve, foreign currency exchange rates, forward interest rate, foreign currency exchange rate volatility and time value component associated with the optionality in the derivative, which are generally considered observable inputs and results in the derivative being classified as Level 2. We also have foreign currency forward contracts where the valuation is determined using an income approach. The primary inputs into the valuation represent the forward foreign currency exchange rates, which are generally considered observable inputs and results in the derivative being classified as Level 2.

 

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The following tables set forth our assets by class of instrument that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated:

 

     March 31, 2019  

(Amounts in millions)

   Total      Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      NAV (1)  

Assets

              

Investments:

              

Fixed maturity securities:

              

U.S. government, agencies and government-sponsored enterprises

   $ 4,731    $ —        $ 4,731    $ —        $ —    

State and political subdivisions

     2,546      —          2,494      52      —    

Non-U.S. government

     2,518      —          2,518      —          —    

U.S. corporate:

              

Utilities

     4,685      —          3,937      748      —    

Energy

     2,618      —          2,503      115      —    

Finance and insurance

     7,251      —          6,661      590      —    

Consumer—non-cyclical

     5,257      —          5,183      74      —    

Technology and communications

     2,974      —          2,922      52      —    

Industrial

     1,249      —          1,209      40      —    

Capital goods

     2,489      —          2,394      95      —    

Consumer—cyclical

     1,646      —          1,451      195      —    

Transportation

     1,362      —          1,308      54      —    

Other

     411      —          212      199      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total U.S. corporate

     29,942      —          27,780      2,162      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-U.S. corporate:

              

Utilities

     1,127      —          692      435      —    

Energy

     1,447      —          1,226      221      —    

Finance and insurance

     2,554      —          2,372      182      —    

Consumer—non-cyclical

     709      —          642      67      —    

Technology and communications

     1,197      —          1,170      27      —    

Industrial

     973      —          910      63      —    

Capital goods

     662      —          489      173      —    

Consumer—cyclical

     541      —          416      125      —    

Transportation

     815      —          623      192      —    

Other

     2,260      —          2,170      90      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total non-U.S. corporate

     12,285      —          10,710      1,575      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Residential mortgage-backed

     2,950      —          2,915      35      —    

Commercial mortgage-backed

     2,962      —          2,864      98      —    

Other asset-backed

     3,426      —          3,224      202      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total fixed maturity securities

     61,360      —          57,236      4,124      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Equity securities

     635      513      67      55      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Other invested assets:

              

Derivative assets:

              

Interest rate swaps

     59      —          59      —          —    

Interest rate swaps in a foreign currency

     46      —          46      —          —    

Interest rate caps and floors

     13      —          13      —          —    

Foreign currency swaps

     3      —          3      —          —    

Equity index options

     60      —          —          60      —    

Other foreign currency contracts

     6      —          6      —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total derivative assets

     187      —          127      60      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Securities lending collateral

     106      —          106      —          —    

Short-term investments

     139      —          139      —          —    

Limited partnerships

     359      —          —          —          359  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total other invested assets

     791      —          372      60      359  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Reinsurance recoverable (2)

     18      —          —          18      —    

Separate account assets

     6,210      6,210      —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total assets

   $  69,014    $  6,723    $  57,675    $  4,257    $  359  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) 

Limited partnerships that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy.

(2) 

Represents embedded derivatives associated with the reinsured portion of our GMWB liabilities.

 

44


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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

     December 31, 2018  

(Amounts in millions)

   Total      Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      NAV(1)  

Assets

              

Investments:

              

Fixed maturity securities:

              

U.S. government, agencies and government-sponsored enterprises

   $ 4,631    $ —        $ 4,631    $ —        $ —    

State and political subdivisions

     2,552      —          2,501      51      —    

Non-U.S. government

     2,393      —          2,393      —          —    

U.S. corporate:

              

Utilities

     4,675      —          4,032      643      —    

Energy

     2,419      —          2,298      121      —    

Finance and insurance

     6,822      —          6,288      534      —    

Consumer—non-cyclical

     5,048      —          4,975      73      —    

Technology and communications

     2,855      —          2,805      50      —    

Industrial

     1,238      —          1,199      39      —    

Capital goods

     2,391      —          2,299      92      —    

Consumer—cyclical

     1,597      —          1,386      211      —    

Transportation

     1,320      —          1,263      57      —    

Other

     397      —          219      178      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total U.S. corporate

     28,762      —          26,764      1,998      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-U.S. corporate:

              

Utilities

     1,041      —          637      404      —    

Energy

     1,369      —          1,152      217      —    

Finance and insurance

     2,423      —          2,252      171      —    

Consumer—non-cyclical

     739      —          633      106      —    

Technology and communications

     1,165      —          1,139      26      —    

Industrial

     945      —          884      61      —    

Capital goods

     615      —          442      173      —    

Consumer—cyclical

     520      —          398      122      —    

Transportation

     720      —          549      171      —    

Other

     2,300      —          2,219      81      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total non-U.S. corporate

     11,837      —          10,305      1,532      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Residential mortgage-backed

     3,044      —          3,009      35      —    

Commercial mortgage-backed

     3,016      —          2,921      95      —    

Other asset-backed

     3,426      —          3,261      165      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total fixed maturity securities

     59,661      —          55,785      3,876      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Equity securities

     655      533      64      58      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Other invested assets:

              

Derivative assets:

              

Interest rate swaps

     42      —          42      —          —    

Interest rate swaps in a foreign currency

     74      —          74      —          —    

Interest rate caps and floors

     7      —          7      —          —    

Foreign currency swaps

     6      —          6      —          —    

Equity index options

     39      —          —          39      —    

Other foreign currency contracts

     10      —          10      —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total derivative assets

     178      —          139      39      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Securities lending collateral

     102      —          102      —          —    

Short-term investments

     230      —          230      —          —    

Limited partnerships

     318      —          —          —          318  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total other invested assets

     828      —          471      39      318  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Reinsurance recoverable (2)

     20      —          —          20      —    

Separate account assets

     5,859      5,859      —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 67,023    $ 6,392    $ 56,320    $ 3,993    $ 318  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) 

Limited partnerships that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy.

(2) 

Represents embedded derivatives associated with the reinsured portion of our GMWB liabilities.

 

45


Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

We review the fair value hierarchy classifications each reporting period. Changes in the observability of the valuation attributes may result in a reclassification of certain financial assets or liabilities. Such reclassifications are reported as transfers between levels at the beginning fair value for the reporting period in which the changes occur. Given the types of assets classified as Level 1, which primarily represents mutual fund investments, we typically do not have any transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 measurement categories and did not have any such transfers during any period presented.

Our assessment of whether or not there were significant unobservable inputs related to fixed maturity securities was based on our observations obtained through the course of managing our investment portfolio, including interaction with other market participants, observations related to the availability and consistency of pricing and/or rating, and understanding of general market activity such as new issuance and the level of secondary market trading for a class of securities. Additionally, we considered data obtained from third-party pricing sources to determine whether our estimated values incorporate significant unobservable inputs that would result in the valuation being classified as Level 3.

 

46


Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The following tables present additional information about assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and for which we have utilized significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs to determine fair value as of or for the dates indicated:

 

(Amounts in millions)

  Beginning
balance
as of
January 1,
2019
    Total realized and
unrealized gains

(losses)
    Purchases     Sales     Issuances     Settlements     Transfer
into
Level 3  (1)
    Transfer
out of
Level 3 (1)
    Ending
balance
as of
March 31,
2019
    Total gains
(losses)
included in
net

income
attributable
to assets
still held
 
  Included in
net
income
    Included
in OCI
 

Fixed maturity securities:

                     

U.S. government, agencies and government-sponsored enterprises

  $ —       $ —       $ —       $ —       $ —       $ —       $ —       $ —       $ —       $ —       $ —    

State and political subdivisions

    51     1     —         —         —         —         —         —         —         52     1

U.S. corporate:

                     

Utilities

    643     —         22     14     (1     —         (2     72       —         748     —    

Energy

    121     —         4     —         —         —         (10     —         —         115     —    

Finance and insurance

    534     —         23     30     —         —         (4     7       —         590     —    

Consumer—non-cyclical

    73     —         2     —         —         —         (10     9       —         74     —    

Technology and communications

    50     —         2     —         —         —         —         —         —         52     —    

Industrial

    39     —         1     —         —         —         —         —         —         40     —    

Capital goods

    92     —         3     —         —         —         —         —         —         95     —    

Consumer—cyclical

    211     —         7     —         (13     —         (1     —         (9 )       195     —    

Transportation

    57     —         1     4     —         —         (8     —         —         54     —    

Other

    178     —         3     22     —         —         (12     8       —         199     —    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total U.S. corporate

    1,998     —         68     70     (14     —         (47     96       (9 )       2,162     —    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-U.S. corporate:

                     

Utilities

    404     —         16     30     —         —         —         —         (15 )       435     —    

Energy

    217     —         7     1     —         —         (4     —         —         221     —    

Finance and insurance

    171     1     11     5     —         —         —         —         (6 )       182     1

Consumer—non-cyclical

    106     2     3     —         —         —         (44     —         —         67     —    

Technology and communications

    26     —         1     —         —         —         —         —         —         27     —    

Industrial

    61     —         2     —         —         —         —         —         —         63     —    

Capital goods

    173     —         6     5     —         —         (11     —         —         173     —    

Consumer—cyclical

    122     —         6     —         —         —         (3     —         —         125     —    

Transportation

    171     —         6     15     —         —         —         —         —         192     —    

Other

    81     —         4     —         —         —         (1     6       —         90     —    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total non-U.S. corporate

    1,532     3     62     56     —         —         (63     6       (21 )       1,575     1
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Residential mortgage-backed

    35     —         —         —         —         —         —         —         —         35     —    

Commercial mortgage-backed

    95     —         2     1     —         —         —         —         —         98     —    

Other asset-backed

    165     —         1     54     —         —         (13     1       (6 )       202     —    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total fixed maturity securities

    3,876     4     133     181     (14     —         (123     103       (36 )       4,124     2
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Equity securities

    58     —         —         —         (3     —         —         —         —         55     —    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other invested assets:

                     

Derivative assets:

                     

Equity index options

    39     17     —         12     —         —         (8     —         —         60     12
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total derivative assets

    39     17     —         12     —         —         (8     —         —         60     12
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other invested assets

    39     17     —         12     —         —         (8     —         —         60     12
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Reinsurance recoverable (2)

    20     (3     —         —         —         1     —         —         —         18     (3
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Level 3 assets

  $ 3,993   $ 18   $ 133   $ 193   $ (17   $ 1   $ (131   $ 103     $ (36   $ 4,257   $ 11
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) 

The transfers into and out of Level 3 for fixed maturity securities were related to changes in the primary pricing source and changes in the observability of external information used in determining the fair value, such as external ratings or credit spreads, as well as changes in the industry sectors assigned to specific securities.

(2) 

Represents embedded derivatives associated with the reinsured portion of our GMWB liabilities.

 

47


Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

(Amounts in millions)

  Beginning
balance
as of
January 1,
2018
    Total realized and
unrealized gains
(losses)
    Purchases     Sales     Issuances     Settlements     Transfer
into
Level 3  (1)
    Transfer
out of
Level 3 (1)
    Ending
balance
as of
March 31,
2018
    Total gains
(losses)
included in
net

income
attributable
to assets
still held
 
  Included in
net
income
    Included
in OCI
 

Fixed maturity securities:

                     

U.S. government, agencies and government-sponsored enterprises

  $ 1   $ —       $ —       $ —       $ —       $ —       $ (1   $ —       $ —       $ —       $ —    

State and political subdivisions

    37     1     (3     —         —         —         —         18       —         53     1

U.S. corporate:

                     

Utilities

    574     —         (18     3     —         —         (2     —         (4 )       553     —    

Energy

    147     —         (5     22     —         —         (18     —         —         146     —    

Finance and insurance

    626     1     (26     26     —         —         (36     —         (11 )       580     1

Consumer—non-cyclical

    81     —         (2     —         —         —         —         —         —         79     —    

Technology and communications

    73     —         (6     —         —         —         (42     —         —         25     —    

Industrial

    39     —         —         —         —         —         —         —         —         39     —    

Capital goods

    121     —         (8     —         —         —         (10     —         —         103     —    

Consumer—cyclical

    262     —         (9     10     —         —         (11     —         —         252     —    

Transportation

    60     —         (1     —         —         —         (2     —         —         57     —    

Other

    169     —         (1     —         —         —         (2     —         —         166     —    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total U.S. corporate

    2,152     1     (76     61     —         —         (123     —         (15 )       2,000     1
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-U.S. corporate:

                     

Utilities

    343     —         (9     22     —         —         (20     —         —         336     —    

Energy

    176     —         (4     23     —         —         —         —         —         195     —    

Finance and insurance

    161     1     (8     —         —         —         (1     —         —         153     1

Consumer—non-cyclical

    124     —         (3     —         —         —         (1     —         —         120     —    

Technology and communications

    29     —         (1     —         —         —         —         —         —         28     —    

Industrial

    116     —         (3     —         —         —         (5     —         —         108     —    

Capital goods

    191     —         (5     —         —         —         —         —         —         186     —    

Consumer—cyclical

    54     —         (2     —         —         —         —         —         —         52     —    

Transportation

    170     —         (4     —         —         —         —         —         —         166     —    

Other

    52     —         (2     33     —         —         —         —         —         83     —    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total non-U.S. corporate

    1,416     1     (41     78     —         —         (27     —         —         1,427     1
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Residential mortgage-backed

    77     —         (1     12     —         —         —         —         (54 )       34     —    

Commercial mortgage-backed

    30     —         (2     7     —         —         —         —         (29 )       6     —    

Other asset-backed

    237     —         (2     55     —         —         (32     3       (89 )       172     —    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total fixed maturity securities

    3,950     3     (125     213     —         —         (183     21       (187 )       3,692     3
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Equity securities

    44     —         —         4     (3     —         —         —         —         45     —    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other invested assets:

                     

Derivative assets:

                     

Equity index options

    80     (15     —         14     —         —         (19     —         —         60     (12
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total derivative assets

    80     (15     —         14     —         —         (19     —         —         60     (12
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other invested assets

    80     (15     —         14     —         —         (19     —         —         60     (12
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Reinsurance recoverable (2)

    14     (2     —         —         —         1     —         —         —         13     (2
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Level 3 assets

  $ 4,088   $ (14   $ (125   $ 231   $ (3   $ 1   $ (202   $ 21     $ (187   $ 3,810   $ (11
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) 

The transfers into and out of Level 3 for fixed maturity securities were related to changes in the primary pricing source and changes in the observability of external information used in determining the fair value, such as external ratings or credit spreads, as well as changes in the industry sectors assigned to specific securities.

(2) 

Represents embedded derivatives associated with the reinsured portion of our GMWB liabilities.

 

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Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The following table presents the gains and losses included in net income from assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and for which we have utilized significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs to determine fair value and the related income statement line item in which these gains and losses were presented for the three months ended March 31:

 

(Amounts in millions)

   2019      2018  

Total realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in net income:

     

Net investment income

   $ 4    $ 3

Net investment gains (losses)

     14      (17
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 18    $ (14
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net gains (losses) included in net income attributable to assets still held:

     

Net investment income

   $ 2    $ 3

Net investment gains (losses)

     9      (14
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 11    $ (11
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The amount presented for unrealized gains (losses) included in net income for available-for-sale securities represents accretion on certain fixed maturity securities.

 

49


Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The following table presents a summary of the significant unobservable inputs used for certain asset fair value measurements that are based on internal models and classified as Level 3 as of March 31, 2019:

 

(Amounts in millions)

 

Valuation technique

  Fair value    

Unobservable input

 

Range

 

Weighted-average

Fixed maturity securities:

         

U.S. corporate:

         

Utilities

  Internal models   $ 674   Credit spreads   60bps - 302bps   146bps

Energy

  Internal models     92   Credit spreads   72bps - 317bps   169bps

Finance and insurance

  Internal models     578   Credit spreads   64bps - 268bps   167bps

Consumer—non-cyclical

  Internal models     74   Credit spreads   85bps - 177bps   123bps

Technology and communications

  Internal models     52   Credit spreads   90bps - 317bps   205bps

Industrial

  Internal models     40   Credit spreads   108bps - 225bps   153bps

Capital goods

  Internal models     96   Credit spreads   100bps - 283bps   162bps

Consumer—cyclical

  Internal models     181   Credit spreads   61bps - 235bps   142bps

Transportation

  Internal models     54   Credit spreads   54bps - 235bps   107bps

Other

  Internal models     170   Credit spreads   64bps - 146bps   85bps
   

 

 

       

Total U.S. corporate

  Internal models   $ 2,011   Credit spreads   54bps - 317bps   148bps
   

 

 

       

Non-U.S. corporate:

         

Utilities

  Internal models   $ 435   Credit spreads   78bps - 228bps   142bps

Energy

  Internal models     202   Credit spreads   100bps - 283bps   163bps

Finance and insurance

  Internal models     182   Credit spreads   61bps - 222bps   131bps

Consumer—non-cyclical

  Internal models     66   Credit spreads   61bps - 172bps   143bps

Technology and communications

  Internal models     27   Credit spreads   127bps - 184bps   167bps

Industrial

  Internal models     63   Credit spreads   99bps - 151bps   112bps

Capital goods

  Internal models     173   Credit spreads   85bps - 283bps   165bps

Consumer—cyclical

  Internal models     121   Credit spreads   72bps - 283bps   195bps

Transportation

  Internal models     192   Credit spreads   61bps - 235bps   131bps

Other

  Internal models     84   Credit spreads   111bps - 223bps   158bps
   

 

 

       

Total non-U.S. corporate

  Internal models   $ 1,545   Credit spreads   61bps - 283bps   149bps
   

 

 

       

Derivative assets:

         

Equity index options

  Discounted cash flows   $ 60   Equity index volatility   6% - 28%   16%

Certain classes of instruments classified as Level 3 are excluded above as a result of not being material or due to limitations in being able to obtain the underlying inputs used by certain third-party sources, such as broker quotes, used as an input in determining fair value.

 

50


Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The following tables set forth our liabilities by class of instrument that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated:

 

     March 31, 2019  

(Amounts in millions)

   Total      Level 1      Level 2      Level 3  

Liabilities

           

Policyholder account balances:

           

GMWB embedded derivatives (1)

   $ 295    $ —        $ —        $ 295

Fixed index annuity embedded derivatives

     423      —          —          423

Indexed universal life embedded derivatives

     13      —          —          13
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total policyholder account balances

     731      —          —          731
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Derivative liabilities:

           

Interest rate swaps

     49      —          49      —    

Foreign currency swaps

     13      —          13      —    

Equity return swaps

     1      —          1      —    

Other foreign currency contracts

     25      —          25      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total derivative liabilities

     88      —          88      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities

   $ 819    $ —        $ 88    $ 731
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) 

Represents embedded derivatives associated with our GMWB liabilities, excluding the impact of reinsurance.

 

     December 31, 2018  

(Amounts in millions)

   Total      Level 1      Level 2      Level 3  

Liabilities

           

Policyholder account balances:

           

GMWB embedded derivatives (1)

   $ 337    $ —        $ —        $ 337

Fixed index annuity embedded derivatives

     389      —          —          389

Indexed universal life embedded derivatives

     12      —          —          12
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total policyholder account balances

     738      —          —          738
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Derivative liabilities:

           

Interest rate swaps

     102      —          102      —    

Foreign currency swaps

     23      —          23      —    

Equity return swaps

     1      —          1      —    

Other foreign currency contracts

     42      —          42      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total derivative liabilities

     168      —          168      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities

   $ 906    $ —        $ 168    $ 738
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) 

Represents embedded derivatives associated with our GMWB liabilities, excluding the impact of reinsurance.

 

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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The following tables present additional information about liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and for which we have utilized significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs to determine fair value as of or for the dates indicated:

 

    Beginning
balance
as of
January 1,
2019
    Total realized and
unrealized (gains)
losses
    Purchases     Sales     Issuances     Settlements     Transfer
into
Level 3
    Transfer
out of
Level 3
    Ending
balance as of
March 31,
2019
    Total (gains)
losses
included in
net (income)
attributable
to liabilities
still held
 

(Amounts in millions)

  Included in
net (income)
    Included
in OCI
 

Policyholder account balances:

                     

GMWB embedded derivatives (1)

  $ 337   $ (48   $ —       $ —       $ —       $ 6   $ —       $ —       $ —       $ 295   $ (44

Fixed index annuity embedded derivatives

    389     38     —         —         —         —         (4     —         —         423     38

Indexed universal life embedded derivatives

    12     (1     —         —         —         2     —         —         —         13     (1
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total policyholder account balances

    738     (11     —         —         —         8     (4     —         —         731     (7
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Level 3 liabilities

  $ 738   $ (11   $ —       $ —       $ —       $ 8   $ (4   $ —       $ —       $ 731   $ (7
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) 

Represents embedded derivatives associated with our GMWB liabilities, excluding the impact of reinsurance.

 

    Beginning
balance
as of
January 1,
2018
    Total realized and
unrealized (gains)
losses
    Purchases     Sales     Issuances     Settlements     Transfer
into
Level 3
    Transfer
out of
Level 3
    Ending
balance as of
March 31,
2018
    Total (gains)
losses
included in
net (income)
attributable
to liabilities
still held
 

(Amounts in millions)

  Included in
net (income)
    Included
in OCI
 

Policyholder account balances:

                     

GMWB embedded derivatives (1)

  $ 250   $ (16   $ —       $ —       $ —       $ 8   $ —       $ —       $ —       $ 242   $ (12

Fixed index annuity embedded derivatives

    419     (8     —         —         —         —         (3     —         —         408     (8

Indexed universal life embedded derivatives

    14     (5     —         —         —         4     —         —         —         13     (5
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total policyholder account balances

    683     (29     —         —         —         12     (3     —         —         663     (25
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Level 3 liabilities

  $ 683   $ (29   $ —       $ —       $ —       $ 12   $ (3   $ —       $ —       $ 663   $ (25
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1)

Represents embedded derivatives associated with our GMWB liabilities, excluding the impact of reinsurance.

 

52


Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The following table presents the gains and losses included in net (income) from liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and for which we have utilized significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs to determine fair value and the related income statement line item in which these gains and losses were presented for the three months ended March 31:

 

(Amounts in millions)

   2019      2018  

Total realized and unrealized (gains) losses included in net (income):

     

Net investment income

   $ —      $ —  

Net investment (gains) losses

     (11      (29
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ (11    $ (29
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total (gains) losses included in net (income) attributable to liabilities still held:

     

Net investment income

   $ —      $ —  

Net investment (gains) losses

     (7      (25
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ (7    $ (25
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements represent the activity that occurred during the period that results in a change of the asset or liability but does not represent changes in fair value for the instruments held at the beginning of the period. Such activity primarily consists of purchases, sales and settlements of fixed maturity and equity securities and purchases, issuances and settlements of derivative instruments.

Issuances presented for GMWB embedded derivative liabilities are characterized as the change in fair value associated with the product fees recognized that are attributed to the embedded derivative to equal the expected future benefit costs upon issuance. Issuances for fixed index annuity and indexed universal life embedded derivative liabilities represent the amount of the premium received that is attributed to the value of the embedded derivative. Settlements of embedded derivatives are characterized as the change in fair value upon exercising the embedded derivative instrument, effectively representing a settlement of the embedded derivative instrument. We have shown these changes in fair value separately based on the classification of this activity as effectively issuing and settling the embedded derivative instrument with all remaining changes in the fair value of these embedded derivative instruments being shown separately in the category labeled “included in net (income)” in the tables presented above.

 

53


Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The following table presents a summary of the significant unobservable inputs used for certain liability fair value measurements that are based on internal models and classified as Level 3 as of March 31, 2019:

 

(Amounts in millions)

  Valuation technique     Fair value    

Unobservable input

 

Range

 

Weighted-average

Policyholder account balances:

         
      Withdrawal utilization rate   44% - 87%   69%
      Lapse rate   2% - 9%   3%
      Non-performance risk (credit spreads)   17bps - 83bps   65bps

GMWB embedded derivative(1)

   
Stochastic cash flow
model
 
 
  $ 295   Equity index volatility   14% - 23%   20%

Fixed index annuity embedded derivatives

   
Option budget
method
 
 
  $ 423   Expected future interest credited   —% - 3%   1%

Indexed universal life embedded derivatives

   
Option budget
method
 
 
  $ 13   Expected future interest credited   3% - 9%   5%

 

(1) 

Represents embedded derivatives associated with our GMWB liabilities, excluding the impact of reinsurance.

 

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Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

(7) Liability for Policy and Contract Claims

The following table sets forth changes in our liability for policy and contract claims as of the dates indicated:

 

     As of or for the three  
     months ended  
     March 31,  

(Amounts in millions)

   2019      2018  

Beginning balance

   $ 10,379    $ 9,594

Less reinsurance recoverables

     (2,379      (2,419
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net beginning balance

     8,000      7,175
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Incurred related to insured events of:

     

Current year

     986      998

Prior years

     (81      (108
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total incurred

     905      890
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Paid related to insured events of:

     

Current year

     (162      (175

Prior years

     (678      (692
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total paid

     (840      (867
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Interest on liability for policy and contract claims

     93      81

Foreign currency translation

     3      (5
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net ending balance

     8,161      7,274

Add reinsurance recoverables

     2,375      2,377
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending balance

   $ 10,536    $ 9,651
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The liability for policy and contract claims represents our current best estimate; however, there may be future adjustments to this estimate and related assumptions. Such adjustments, reflecting any variety of new and adverse trends, could possibly be significant, and result in increases in reserves by an amount that could be material to our results of operations and financial condition and liquidity.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the favorable development of $81 million related to insured events of prior years was primarily attributable to our long-term care insurance business from favorable development on prior year incurred but not reported claims and favorable claim terminations, including pending claims that terminate before becoming an active claim. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the favorable development of $108 million related to insured events of prior years was also primarily attributable to our long-term care insurance business from favorable claim terminations, including pending claims that terminate before becoming an active claim.

 

55


Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

(8) Income Taxes

The reconciliation of the federal statutory tax rate to the effective income tax rate was as follows for the periods indicated:

 

     Three months ended March 31,  
     2019     2018  

Statutory U.S. federal income tax rate

     21.0     21.0

Increase (reduction) in rate resulting from:

    

Effect of foreign operations

     5.4       5.0  

U.S. shareholder tax on foreign operations

     4.8       (2.1

Swaps terminated prior to the TCJA

     2.6       2.3  

Other, net

     (1.1     1.4  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effective rate

     32.7     27.6
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The increase in the effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was primarily attributable to a tax expense in the current year related to the Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (“GILTI”) provision of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”), which is reported within the line “U.S. shareholder tax on foreign operations” in the table above. GILTI has an unfavorable impact on our current year effective tax rate due to the utilization of net operating loss carryforwards and projected taxable losses in the U.S. life insurance businesses without any offsetting foreign tax credit carryforwards.

(9) Segment Information

We have the following five operating business segments: U.S. Mortgage Insurance; Canada Mortgage Insurance; Australia Mortgage Insurance; U.S Life Insurance (which includes our long-term care insurance, life insurance and fixed annuities businesses); and Runoff (which includes the results of non-strategic products which have not been actively sold). In addition to our five operating business segments, we also have Corporate and Other activities which include debt financing expenses that are incurred at the Genworth Holdings level, unallocated corporate income and expenses, eliminations of inter-segment transactions and the results of other businesses that are managed outside of our operating segments, including certain smaller international mortgage insurance businesses.

We tax our international businesses at their local jurisdictional tax rates and our domestic businesses at the U.S. corporate federal income tax rate of 21%. Our segment tax methodology applies the respective jurisdictional or domestic tax rate to the pre-tax income (loss) of each segment, which is then adjusted in each segment to reflect the tax attributes of items unique to that segment such as foreign withholding taxes and permanent differences between U.S. GAAP and local tax law. The difference between the consolidated provision for income taxes and the sum of the provision for income taxes in each segment is reflected in Corporate and Other activities.

We use the same accounting policies and procedures to measure segment income (loss) and assets as our consolidated net income and assets. Our chief operating decision maker evaluates segment performance and allocates resources on the basis of “adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders.” We define adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders as income (loss) from continuing operations excluding the after-tax effects of income

 

56


Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

(loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests, net investment gains (losses), goodwill impairments, gains (losses) on the sale of businesses, gains (losses) on the early extinguishment of debt, gains (losses) on insurance block transactions, restructuring costs and infrequent or unusual non-operating items. Gains (losses) on insurance block transactions are defined as gains (losses) on the early extinguishment of non-recourse funding obligations, early termination fees for other financing restructuring and/or resulting gains (losses) on reinsurance restructuring for certain blocks of business. We exclude net investment gains (losses) and infrequent or unusual non-operating items because we do not consider them to be related to the operating performance of our segments and Corporate and Other activities. A component of our net investment gains (losses) is the result of impairments, the size and timing of which can vary significantly depending on market credit cycles. In addition, the size and timing of other investment gains (losses) can be subject to our discretion and are influenced by market opportunities, as well as asset-liability matching considerations. Goodwill impairments, gains (losses) on the sale of businesses, gains (losses) on the early extinguishment of debt, gains (losses) on insurance block transactions and restructuring costs are also excluded from adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders because, in our opinion, they are not indicative of overall operating trends. Infrequent or unusual non-operating items are also excluded from adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders if, in our opinion, they are not indicative of overall operating trends.

While some of these items may be significant components of net income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we believe that adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders, and measures that are derived from or incorporate adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders, are appropriate measures that are useful to investors because they identify the income (loss) attributable to the ongoing operations of the business. Management also uses adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders as a basis for determining awards and compensation for senior management and to evaluate performance on a basis comparable to that used by analysts. However, the items excluded from adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders have occurred in the past and could, and in some cases will, recur in the future. Adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders is not a substitute for net income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In addition, our definition of adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders may differ from the definitions used by other companies.

In the first quarter of 2019, we revised how we tax the adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders to adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders to align the tax rate used in the reconciliation to each segment’s local jurisdictional tax rate. Beginning in the first quarter of 2019, we used a tax rate of 27% and 30% for our Canada and Australia Mortgage Insurance segments, respectively, to tax effect their adjustments. Our domestic segments remain at a 21% tax rate. In 2018, we assumed a flat 21% tax rate on adjustments for all of our segments to reconcile net income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders and adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders. These adjustments are also net of the portion attributable to noncontrolling interests and net investment gains (losses) are adjusted for DAC and other intangible amortization and certain benefit reserves.

Prior year amounts have not been re-presented to reflect this revised presentation; however, the previous methodology would not have resulted in a materially different segment-level adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders.

 

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

We recorded a pre-tax expense of $4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 related to restructuring costs as we continue to evaluate and appropriately size our organizational needs and expenses. There were no infrequent or unusual items excluded from adjusted operating income during the periods presented.

The following is a summary of revenues for our segments and Corporate and Other activities for the periods indicated:

 

     Three months ended  
     March 31,  

(Amounts in millions)

   2019     2018  

Revenues:

    

U.S. Mortgage Insurance segment

   $ 223   $ 200
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Canada Mortgage Insurance segment

     159     158
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Australia Mortgage Insurance segment

     110     107
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

U.S. Life Insurance segment:

    

Long-term care insurance

     1,114     1,020

Life insurance

     372     379

Fixed annuities

     159     182
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

U.S. Life Insurance segment

     1,645     1,581
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Runoff segment

     82     68
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Corporate and Other activities

     (15     1
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenues

   $ 2,204   $ 2,115
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The following tables present the reconciliation of net income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders to adjusted operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders and a summary of adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders for our segments and Corporate and Other activities for the periods indicated:

 

     Three months ended  
     March 31,  

(Amounts in millions)

   2019     2018  

Net income

   $ 230   $ 165

Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

     56     53
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

     174     112

Adjustments to net income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders:

    

Net investment (gains) losses, net(1)

     (71     17

Expenses related to restructuring

     4     —    

Taxes on adjustments

     14     (4
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjusted operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

   $ 121   $ 125
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) 

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, net investment (gains) losses were adjusted for DAC and other intangible amortization and certain benefit reserves of $(2) million and $(3) million, respectively, and adjusted for net investment gains (losses) attributable to noncontrolling interests of $5 million and $(11) million, respectively.

 

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

     Three months ended  
     March 31,  

(Amounts in millions)

   2019      2018  

Adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders:

     

U.S. Mortgage Insurance segment

   $ 124    $ 111
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Canada Mortgage Insurance segment

     41      49
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Australia Mortgage Insurance segment

     14      19
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

U.S. Life Insurance segment:

     

Long-term care insurance

     (20      (32

Life insurance

     (2      (1

Fixed annuities

     17      28
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

U.S. Life Insurance segment

     (5      (5
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Runoff segment

     20      10

Corporate and Other activities

     (73      (59
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Adjusted operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

   $ 121    $ 125
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following is a summary of total assets for our segments and Corporate and Other activities as of the dates indicated:

 

     March 31,      December 31,  

(Amounts in millions)

   2019      2018  

Assets:

     

U.S. Mortgage Insurance segment

   $ 3,808    $ 3,583

Canada Mortgage Insurance segment

     5,146      5,038

Australia Mortgage Insurance segment

     2,533      2,534

U.S. Life Insurance segment

     80,619      79,799

Runoff segment

     10,082      9,963

Corporate and Other activities

     —          6
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 102,188    $ 100,923
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

(10) Commitments and Contingencies

(a) Litigation and Regulatory Matters

We face the risk of litigation and regulatory investigations and actions in the ordinary course of operating our businesses, including the risk of class action lawsuits. Our pending legal and regulatory actions include proceedings specific to us and others generally applicable to business practices in the industries in which we operate. In our insurance operations, we are, have been, or may become subject to class actions and individual suits alleging, among other things, issues relating to sales or underwriting practices, increases to in-force long-term care insurance premiums, payment of contingent or other sales commissions, claims payments and procedures, product design, product disclosure, product administration, additional premium charges for premiums paid on a periodic basis, denial or delay of benefits, charging excessive or impermissible fees on

 

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products, recommending unsuitable products to customers, our pricing structures and business practices in our mortgage insurance businesses, such as captive reinsurance arrangements with lenders and contract underwriting services, violations of the Real Estate Settlement and Procedures Act of 1974 or related state anti-inducement laws, and mortgage insurance policy rescissions and curtailments, and breaching fiduciary or other duties to customers, including but not limited to breach of customer information. Plaintiffs in class action and other lawsuits against us may seek very large or indeterminate amounts which may remain unknown for substantial periods of time. In our investment-related operations, we are subject to litigation involving commercial disputes with counterparties. We are also subject to litigation arising out of our general business activities such as our contractual and employment relationships, post-closing obligations associated with previous dispositions and securities lawsuits. In addition, we are also subject to various regulatory inquiries, such as information requests, subpoenas, books and record examinations and market conduct and financial examinations from state, federal and international regulators and other authorities. A substantial legal liability or a significant regulatory action against us could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, even if we ultimately prevail in the litigation, regulatory action or investigation, we could suffer significant reputational harm, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

In January 2016, Genworth Financial, Inc., its current chief executive officer, its former chief executive officer, its former chief financial officer and current and former members of its board of directors were named in a shareholder derivative suit filed by International Union of Operating Engineers Local No. 478 Pension Fund, Richard L. Salberg and David Pinkoski in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. The case was captioned Int’l Union of Operating Engineers Local No. 478 Pension Fund, et al v. McInerney, et al. In February 2016, Genworth Financial, Inc., its current chief executive officer, its former chief executive officer, its former chief financial officer and current and former members of its board of directors were named in a second shareholder derivative suit filed by Martin Cohen in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. The case was captioned Cohen v. McInerney, et al. On February 23, 2016, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware consolidated these derivative suits under the caption Genworth Financial, Inc. Consolidated Derivative Litigation. On March 28, 2016, plaintiffs in the consolidated action filed an amended complaint. The amended complaint alleges breaches of fiduciary duties concerning Genworth’s long-term care insurance reserves and concerning Genworth’s Australian mortgage insurance business, including our plans for an IPO of the business and seeks unspecified damages, costs, attorneys’ fees and such equitable relief as the court may deem proper. The amended consolidated complaint also adds Genworth’s current chief financial officer as a defendant, based on the current chief financial officer’s alleged conduct in her former capacity as Genworth’s controller and principal accounting officer. We moved to dismiss the consolidated action on May 27, 2016. Thereafter, plaintiffs filed a substantially similar second amended complaint which we moved to dismiss on September 16, 2016. The motion is fully briefed and awaiting disposition by the court. The action is stayed pending the completion of the proposed China Oceanwide transaction.

In October 2016, Genworth Financial, Inc., its current chief executive officer, its former chief executive officer, its current chief financial officer, its former chief financial officer and current and former members of its board of directors were named in a shareholder derivative suit filed by Esther Chopp in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. The case is captioned Chopp v. McInerney, et al. The complaint alleges that Genworth’s board of directors wrongfully refused plaintiff’s demand to commence litigation on behalf of Genworth and asserts claims for breaches of fiduciary duties, waste, contribution and indemnification, and unjust enrichment concerning Genworth’s long-term care insurance reserves and concerning Genworth’s Australian mortgage insurance business, including our plans for an IPO of the business, and seeks unspecified damages, costs,

 

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

attorneys’ fees and such equitable relief as the court may deem proper. We filed a motion to dismiss on November 14, 2016. The action is stayed pending the completion of the proposed China Oceanwide transaction.

In December 2017, Genworth Holdings and Genworth Financial were named as defendants in an action captioned AXA S.A. v. Genworth Financial International Holdings, Inc., et al., in the High Court of Justice, Business and Property Courts of England and Wales. In the action, AXA seeks in excess of £28 million on an indemnity provided for in the 2015 agreement pursuant to which Genworth sold to AXA two insurance companies, Financial Insurance Company Limited (“FICL”) and Financial Assurance Company Limited (“FACL”), relating to alleged remediation it has paid to customers who purchased payment protection insurance. AXA also alleges that it is incurring losses on an ongoing basis and therefore that further, significantly larger, sums will be demanded. In February 2018, we served a Particulars of Defence and counterclaim against AXA, and also served other counterclaims against various parties, including Santander Cards UK Limited (“Santander”), alleging that Santander is responsible for any remediation paid to payment protection insurance customers. AXA and Santander have applied to the court for orders dismissing or staying the counterclaims. A hearing on those applications was held in October 2018, and the court dismissed our counterclaims. On November 15, 2018, AXA amended its claim and updated its demand to £237 million. We filed our amended Particulars of Defence and amended counterclaim on December 13, 2018, seeking, among other forms of relief, a declaration that in the event we make any payment to AXA pursuant to the indemnity, we are subrogated to FICL’s and FACL’s rights against Santander with respect to those amounts. On February 25, 2019, AXA amended its claim and updated its demand to £265 million. The court held a case management conference and hearing on February 26, 2019. Santander, FICL and FACL consented to be joined as parties to the proceedings and consented to allow Genworth to amend its pleadings to include the subrogation declarations to reflect the additional parties. The court scheduled the points of principle hearing on liability and subrogation matters to commence on November 4, 2019 and conclude on November 12, 2019, and scheduled the quantum hearing to commence on March 9, 2020 and conclude on March 12, 2020. On March 29, 2019, AXA, FICL, FACL and Santander filed their respective responses to our amended counterclaim. We intend to continue to vigorously defend this action.

In September 2018, Genworth Life and Annuity Insurance Company (“GLAIC”), our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, was named as a defendant in a putative class action lawsuit pending in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia captioned TVPX ARX INC., as Securities Intermediary for Consolidated Wealth Management, LTD. on behalf of itself and all others similarly situated v. Genworth Life and Annuity Insurance Company. Plaintiff is alleging unlawful and excessive cost of insurance charges were imposed on policyholders. The complaint asserts claims for breach of contract, alleging that Genworth improperly considered non-mortality factors when calculating cost of insurance rates and failed to decrease cost of insurance charges in light of improved expectations of future mortality, and seeks unspecified compensatory damages, costs, and equitable relief. On October 29, 2018, we filed a motion to enforce in the Middle District of Georgia, and a motion to dismiss and motion to stay in the Eastern District of Virginia. We moved to enjoin the prosecution of the Eastern District of Virginia action on the basis that it involves claims released in a prior nationwide class action settlement that was approved by the Middle District of Georgia. Plaintiff filed an amended complaint on November 13, 2018. On November 16, 2018, the Eastern District of Virginia court stayed the case for 60 days. On December 6, 2018, we moved the Middle District of Georgia for leave to file our counterclaim, which alleges that plaintiff breached the prior settlement agreement by filing its current action. On January 17, 2019, the Eastern District of Virginia court stayed the case for another 60 days or the date of the Middle District of Georgia’s ruling on our motions, whichever comes earlier. A hearing on our motion to enjoin and motion for

 

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(Unaudited)

 

leave to file our counterclaim occurred on February 21, 2019. On March 15, 2019, the Middle District of Georgia granted our motion to enjoin and denied our motion for leave to file our counterclaim. As such, plaintiff is enjoined from pursuing its class action in the Eastern District of Virginia. On March 29, 2019, plaintiff filed a notice of appeal in the Middle District of Georgia, notifying the court of its appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit from the order granting our motion to enjoin. On March 29, 2019, we filed our notice of cross-appeal in the Middle District of Georgia, notifying the Court of our cross-appeal to the Eleventh Circuit from the portion of the order denying our motion for leave to file our counterclaim. On April 8, 2019, the Eastern District of Virginia lifted the stay in the case and dismissed the case without prejudice, with leave for Plaintiff to refile an amended complaint only if a final appellate court decision vacates the injunction and reverses the Middle District of Georgia’s opinion. We intend to continue to vigorously defend the dismissal of this action.

In September 2018, we were named as a defendant in a putative class action lawsuit pending in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware captioned Richard F. Burkhart, William E. Kelly, Richard S. Lavery, Thomas R. Pratt, Gerald Green, individually and on behalf of all other persons similarly situated v. Genworth et al. Plaintiffs are alleging that Genworth Life Insurance Company (“GLIC”), our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, failed to maintain adequate capital capable of meeting its obligations to GLIC policyholders and agents. The complaint alleges causes of action for intentional fraudulent transfer and constructive fraudulent transfer, and seeks injunctive relief. We moved to dismiss this action in December 2018. On January 29, 2019, plaintiffs exercised their right to amend their complaint. On March 12, 2019, we moved to dismiss plaintiffs’ amended complaint. We intend to continue to vigorously defend this action.

In January 2019, Genworth Financial and GLIC were named as defendants in a putative class action lawsuit pending in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia captioned Jerome Skochin, Susan Skochin, and Larry Huber, individually and on behalf of all other persons similarly situated v. Genworth Financial, Inc. and Genworth Life Insurance Company. Plaintiffs seek to represent long-term care insurance policyholders, alleging that Genworth made misleading and inadequate disclosures regarding premium increases for long-term care insurance policies. The complaint asserts claims for breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, fraudulent inducement and violation of Pennsylvania’s Unfair Trade Practices and Consumer Protection Law (on behalf of the two named plaintiffs who are Pennsylvania residents), and seeks damages (including statutory treble damages under Pennsylvania law) in excess of $5 million. On March 12, 2019, we moved to dismiss plaintiffs’ complaint. On March 26, 2019, plaintiffs filed a memorandum in opposition to our motion to dismiss, which we replied to on April 1, 2019. We intend to vigorously defend this action.

At this time we cannot determine or predict the ultimate outcome of any of the pending legal and regulatory matters specifically identified above or the likelihood of potential future legal and regulatory matters against us. Except as disclosed above, we are not able to provide an estimate or range of reasonably possible losses related to these matters. Therefore, we cannot ensure that the current investigations and proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, it is possible that related investigations and proceedings may be commenced in the future, and we could become subject to additional unrelated investigations and lawsuits. Increased regulatory scrutiny and any resulting investigations or proceedings could result in new legal precedents and industry-wide regulations or practices that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

(b) Commitments

As of March 31, 2019, we were committed to fund $747 million in limited partnership investments, $122 million in U.S. commercial mortgage loan investments and $30 million in private placement investments. As of March 31, 2019, we were committed to fund $40 million of bank loan investments which had not yet been drawn.

(11) Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following tables show the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes, by component as of and for the periods indicated:

 

    Net
unrealized
investment
gains
    Derivatives
qualifying as
    Foreign
currency
translation
and other
       

(Amounts in millions)

  (losses) (1)     hedges (2)     adjustments     Total  

Balances as of January 1, 2019

  $ 595     $ 1,781     $ (332   $ 2,044

OCI before reclassifications

    427       97       54     578

Amounts reclassified from (to) OCI

    (47 )       (28 )       —         (75
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Current period OCI

    380       69       54     503
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balances as of March 31, 2019 before noncontrolling interests

    975       1,850       (278     2,547
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Less: change in OCI attributable to noncontrolling interests

    32       —         23     55
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balances as of March 31, 2019

  $ 943     $ 1,850     $ (301   $ 2,492
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1)

Net of adjustments to DAC, present value of future profits, sales inducements and benefit reserves. See note 4 for additional information.

(2)

See note 5 for additional information.

    Net
unrealized
investment
gains
    Derivatives
qualifying as
    Foreign
currency
translation
and other
       

(Amounts in millions)

  (losses) (1)     hedges (2)     adjustments     Total  

Balances as of January 1, 2018

  $ 1,085     $ 2,065     $ (123   $ 3,027

Cumulative effect of changes in accounting

    164       14       (47     131

OCI before reclassifications

    (348 )       (126 )       (87     (561

Amounts reclassified from (to) OCI

    7       (26 )       —         (19
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Current period OCI

    (341 )       (152 )       (87     (580
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balances as of March 31, 2018 before noncontrolling interests

    908       1,927       (257     2,578
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Less: change in OCI attributable to noncontrolling interests

    (9 )       —         (40     (49
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balances as of March 31, 2018

  $ 917     $ 1,927     $ (217   $ 2,627
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1)

Net of adjustments to DAC, present value of future profits, sales inducements and benefit reserves. See note 4 for additional information.

(2)

See note 5 for additional information.

The foreign currency translation and other adjustments balance included $(2) million and $(14) million, respectively, net of taxes of $1 million and $5 million, respectively, related to a net unrecognized postretirement

 

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

benefit obligation as of March 31, 2019 and 2018. The amount also includes taxes of $(45) million and $(46) million, respectively, related to foreign currency translation adjustments as of March 31, 2019 and 2018. The March 31, 2018 balance included the impact of adopting new accounting guidance related to stranded tax effects.

The following table shows reclassifications in (out) of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes, for the periods presented:

 

(Amounts in millions)

  Amount reclassified from accumulated
other comprehensive income
   

Affected line item in the

consolidated statements

of income

  Three months ended March 31,  
  2019     2018  

Net unrealized investment (gains) losses:

     

Unrealized (gains) losses on investments (1)

  $ (60   $ 8   Net investment (gains) losses

(Provision) benefit for income taxes

    13     (1   (Provision) benefit for income taxes
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

Total

  $ (47   $  7  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

Derivatives qualifying as hedges:

     

Interest rate swaps hedging assets

  $ (38   $ (35   Net investment income

Interest rate swaps hedging assets

    (6     (5   Net investment (gains) losses

Benefit for income taxes

    16     14   Benefit for income taxes
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

Total

  $ (28   $ (26  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

(1)

Amounts exclude adjustments to DAC, present value of future profits, sales inducements and benefit reserves.

(12) Condensed Consolidating Financial Information

Genworth Financial provides a full and unconditional guarantee to the trustee of Genworth Holdings’ outstanding senior and subordinated notes and the holders of the senior and subordinated notes, on an unsecured unsubordinated and subordinated basis, respectively, of the full and punctual payment of the principal of, premium, if any and interest on, and all other amounts payable under, each outstanding series of senior notes and outstanding subordinated notes, and the full and punctual payment of all other amounts payable by Genworth Holdings under the senior and subordinated notes indentures in respect of such senior and subordinated notes. Genworth Holdings is a direct, 100% owned subsidiary of Genworth Financial.

The following condensed consolidating financial information of Genworth Financial and its direct and indirect subsidiaries has been prepared pursuant to rules regarding the preparation of consolidating financial information of Regulation S-X.

The condensed consolidating financial information presents the condensed consolidating balance sheet information as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the condensed consolidating income statement information, the condensed consolidating comprehensive income statement information and the condensed consolidating cash flow statement information for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

 

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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The condensed consolidating financial information reflects Genworth Financial (“Parent Guarantor”), Genworth Holdings (“Issuer”) and each of Genworth Financial’s other direct and indirect subsidiaries (the “All Other Subsidiaries”) on a combined basis, none of which guarantee the senior notes or subordinated notes, as well as the eliminations necessary to present Genworth Financial’s financial information on a consolidated basis and total consolidated amounts.

The accompanying condensed consolidating financial information is presented based on the equity method of accounting for all periods presented. Under this method, investments in subsidiaries are recorded at cost and adjusted for the subsidiaries’ cumulative results of operations, capital contributions and distributions, and other changes in equity. Elimination entries include consolidating and eliminating entries for investments in subsidiaries and intercompany activity.

 

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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The following table presents the condensed consolidating balance sheet information as of March 31, 2019:

 

     Parent           All Other        

(Amounts in millions)

   Guarantor     Issuer     Subsidiaries     Eliminations     Consolidated  

Assets

          

Investments:

          

Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at fair value

   $ —       $ —       $ 61,560   $ (200   $ 61,360

Equity securities, at fair value

     —         —         635     —         635

Commercial mortgage loans ($59 are restricted related to a securitization entity)

     —         —         6,988     —         6,988

Policy loans

     —         —         1,994     —         1,994

Other invested assets

     —         49     1,160     (1     1,208

Investments in subsidiaries

     13,222     11,928     —         (25,150     —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total investments

     13,222     11,977     72,337     (25,351     72,185

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

     —         361     1,860     —         2,221

Accrued investment income

     —         —         733     (7     726

Deferred acquisition costs

     —         —         2,219     —         2,219

Intangible assets and goodwill

     —         —         265     —         265

Reinsurance recoverable

     —         —         17,257     —         17,257

Other assets

     (4     55     482     (1     532

Intercompany notes receivable

     —         231     —         (231     —    

Deferred tax assets

     (11     913     (329     —         573

Separate account assets

     —         —         6,210     —         6,210
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 13,207   $ 13,537   $ 101,034   $ (25,590   $ 102,188
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities and equity

          

Liabilities:

          

Future policy benefits

   $ —       $ —       $ 38,369   $ —       $ 38,369

Policyholder account balances

     —         —         22,651     —         22,651

Liability for policy and contract claims

     —         —         10,536     —         10,536

Unearned premiums

     —         —         3,482     —         3,482

Other liabilities

     27     65     1,600     (10     1,682

Intercompany notes payable

     106     200     125     (431     —    

Non-recourse funding obligations

     —         —         311     —         311

Long-term borrowings

     —         3,570     465     —         4,035

Deferred tax liability

     —         —         30     —         30

Separate account liabilities

     —         —         6,210     —         6,210
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     133     3,835     83,779     (441     87,306
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Equity:

          

Common stock

     1     —         3     (3     1

Additional paid-in capital

     11,989     9,096     18,429     (27,525     11,989

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

     2,492     2,521     2,515     (5,036     2,492

Retained earnings

     1,292     (1,915     (5,800     7,715     1,292

Treasury stock, at cost

     (2,700     —         —         —         (2,700
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Genworth Financial, Inc.’s stockholders’ equity

     13,074     9,702     15,147     (24,849     13,074

Noncontrolling interests

     —         —         2,108     (300     1,808
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total equity

     13,074     9,702     17,255     (25,149     14,882
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and equity

   $  13,207   $  13,537   $  101,034   $ (25,590   $  102,188
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

66


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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The following table presents the condensed consolidating balance sheet information as of December 31, 2018:

 

     Parent           All Other        

(Amounts in millions)

   Guarantor     Issuer     Subsidiaries     Eliminations     Consolidated  

Assets

          

Investments:

          

Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at fair value

   $ —       $ —       $  59,861   $ (200   $ 59,661

Equity securities, at fair value

     —         —         655     —         655

Commercial mortgage loans ($62 are restricted related to a securitization entity)

     —         —         6,749     —         6,749

Policy loans

     —         —         1,861     —         1,861

Other invested assets

     —         86     1,104     (2     1,188

Investments in subsidiaries

     12,570     11,462     —         (24,032     —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total investments

     12,570     11,548     70,230     (24,234     70,114

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

     —         429     1,748     —         2,177

Accrued investment income

     —         —         679     (4     675

Deferred acquisition costs

     —         —         3,263     —         3,263

Intangible assets and goodwill

     —         —         347     —         347

Reinsurance recoverable

     —         —         17,278     —         17,278

Other assets

     15     62     397     —         474

Intercompany notes receivable

     —         180     6     (186     —    

Deferred tax assets

     14     907     (185     —         736

Separate account assets

     —         —         5,859     —         5,859
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 12,599   $ 13,126   $ 99,622   $ (24,424   $ 100,923
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities and equity

          

Liabilities:

          

Future policy benefits

   $ —       $ —       $ 37,940   $ —       $ 37,940

Policyholder account balances

     —         —         22,968     —         22,968

Liability for policy and contract claims

     —         —         10,379     —         10,379

Unearned premiums

     —         —         3,546     —         3,546

Other liabilities

     27     97     1,565     (7     1,682

Intercompany notes payable

     122     207     57     (386     —    

Non-recourse funding obligations

     —         —         311     —         311

Long-term borrowings

     —         3,567     458     —         4,025

Deferred tax liability

     —         —         24     —         24

Separate account liabilities

     —         —         5,859     —         5,859
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     149     3,871     83,107     (393     86,734
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Equity:

          

Common stock

     1     —         3     (3     1

Additional paid-in capital

     11,987     9,095     18,425     (27,520     11,987

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

     2,044     2,144     2,060     (4,204     2,044

Retained earnings

     1,118     (1,984     (6,012     7,996     1,118

Treasury stock, at cost

     (2,700     —         —         —         (2,700
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Genworth Financial, Inc.’s stockholders’ equity

     12,450     9,255     14,476     (23,731     12,450

Noncontrolling interests

     —         —         2,039     (300     1,739
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total equity

     12,450     9,255     16,515     (24,031     14,189
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and equity

   $ 12,599   $ 13,126   $ 99,622   $ (24,424   $ 100,923
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

67


Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The following table presents the condensed consolidating income statement information for the three months ended March 31, 2019:

 

     Parent           All Other         

(Amounts in millions)

   Guarantor     Issuer     Subsidiaries      Eliminations     Consolidated  

Revenues:

           

Premiums

   $ —       $ —       $ 1,114    $ —       $ 1,114

Net investment income

     (1     3     831      (4     829

Net investment gains (losses)

     —         (3     77      —         74

Policy fees and other income

     —         —         188      (1     187
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenues

     (1     —         2,210      (5     2,204
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Benefits and expenses:

           

Benefits and other changes in policy reserves

     —         —         1,301      —         1,301

Interest credited

     —         —         147      —         147

Acquisition and operating expenses, net of deferrals

     4     (2     249      —         251

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs and intangibles

     —         —         91      —         91

Interest expense

     2     65     10      (5     72
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total benefits and expenses

     6     63     1,798      (5     1,862
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in income of subsidiaries

     (7     (63     412      —         342

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

     21     (12     103      —         112

Equity in income of subsidiaries

     202     120     —          (322     —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

     174     69     309      (322     230

Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

     —         —         56      —         56
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

   $ 174   $ 69   $ 253    $ (322   $ 174
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

68


Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The following table presents the condensed consolidating income statement information for the three months ended March 31, 2018:

 

    Parent           All Other        

(Amounts in millions)

  Guarantor     Issuer     Subsidiaries     Eliminations     Consolidated  

Revenues:

         

Premiums

  $ —       $ —       $ 1,140   $ —       $ 1,140

Net investment income

    (1     3     805     (3     804

Net investment gains (losses)

    —         6     (37     —         (31

Policy fees and other income

    —         —         203     (1     202
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenues

    (1     9     2,111     (4     2,115
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Benefits and expenses:

         

Benefits and other changes in policy reserves

    —         —         1,311     —         1,311

Interest credited

    —         —         156     —         156

Acquisition and operating expenses, net of deferrals

    7     —         233     —         240

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs and intangibles

    —         —         104     —         104

Interest expense

    —         68     12     (4     76
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total benefits and expenses

    7     68     1,816     (4     1,887
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in income of subsidiaries

    (8     (59     295     —         228

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

    6     (17     74     —         63

Equity in income of subsidiaries

    126     45     —         (171     —    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

    112     3     221     (171     165

Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

    —         —         53     —         53
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

  $ 112   $ 3   $ 168   $ (171   $ 112
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

69


Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The following table presents the condensed consolidating comprehensive income statement information for the three months ended March 31, 2019:

 

    Parent           All Other              

(Amounts in millions)

  Guarantor     Issuer     Subsidiaries     Eliminations     Consolidated  

Net income

  $ 174   $ 69   $ 309   $ (322   $ 230

Other comprehensive income, net of taxes:

         

Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities not other-than-temporarily impaired

    347     283     379     (630     379

Net unrealized gains (losses) on other-than-temporarily impaired securities

    1     1     1     (2     1

Derivatives qualifying as hedges

    69     69     77     (146     69

Foreign currency translation and other adjustments

    31     24     53     (54     54
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other comprehensive income

    448     377     510     (832     503
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total comprehensive income

    622     446     819     (1,154     733

Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests

    —         —         111     —         111
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total comprehensive income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

  $ 622   $ 446   $ 708   $ (1,154   $ 622
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The following table presents the condensed consolidating comprehensive income statement information for the three months ended March 31, 2018:

 

     Parent           All Other              

(Amounts in millions)

   Guarantor     Issuer     Subsidiaries     Eliminations     Consolidated  

Net income

   $ 112   $ 3   $ 221   $ (171   $ 165

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes:

          

Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities not other-than-temporarily impaired

     (332     (295     (341     627     (341

Derivatives qualifying as hedges

     (152     (153     (165     318     (152

Foreign currency translation and other adjustments

     (47     (36     (88     84     (87
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other comprehensive income (loss)

     (531     (484     (594     1,029     (580
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total comprehensive loss

     (419     (481     (373     858     (415

Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests

     —         —         4     —         4
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total comprehensive loss available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

   $ (419   $ (481   $ (377   $ 858   $ (419
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

70


Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The following table presents the condensed consolidating cash flow statement information for the three months ended March 31, 2019:

 

    Parent           All Other              

(Amounts in millions)

  Guarantor     Issuer     Subsidiaries     Eliminations     Consolidated  

Cash flows from (used by) operating activities:

         

Net income

  $ 174   $ 69   $ 309   $ (322   $ 230

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from (used by) operating activities:

         

Equity in income from subsidiaries

    (202     (120     —         322     —    

Dividends from subsidiaries

    —         47     (47     —         —    

Amortization of fixed maturity securities discounts and premiums

    —         2     (18     —         (16

Net investment (gains) losses

    —         3     (77     —         (74

Charges assessed to policyholders

    —         —         (165     —         (165

Acquisition costs deferred

    —         —         (17     —         (17

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs and intangibles

    —         —         91     —         91

Deferred income taxes

    26     (3     52     —         75

Derivative instruments and limited partnerships

    —         (10     (20     —         (30

Stock-based compensation expense

    6     —         1     —         7

Change in certain assets and liabilities:

         

Accrued investment income and other assets

    19     —         (281     4     (258

Insurance reserves

    —         —         301     —         301

Current tax liabilities

    15     (9     2     —         8

Other liabilities, policy and contract claims and other policy-related balances

    (18     (18     21     (3     (18
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash from (used by) operating activities

    20     (39     152     1     134
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from (used by) investing activities:

         

Proceeds from maturities and repayments of investments:

         

Fixed maturity securities

    —         —         902     —         902

Commercial mortgage loans

    —         —         127     —         127

Restricted commercial mortgage loans related to a securitization entity

    —         —         3     —         3

Proceeds from sales of investments:

         

Fixed maturity and equity securities

    —         —         1,714     —         1,714

Purchases and originations of investments:

         

Fixed maturity and equity securities

    —         —         (2,128     —         (2,128

Commercial mortgage loans

    —         —         (370     —         (370

Other invested assets, net

    —         29     (11     (1     17

Policy loans, net

    —         —         12     —         12

Intercompany notes receivable

    —         (51     6     45     —    

Capital contributions to subsidiaries

    (3     —         3     —         —    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash from (used by) investing activities

    (3     (22     258     44     277
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows used by financing activities:

         

Deposits to universal life and investment contracts

    —         —         198     —         198

Withdrawals from universal life and investment contracts

    —         —         (581     —         (581

Repurchase of subsidiary shares

    —         —         (12     —         (12

Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests

    —         —         (28     —         (28

Intercompany notes payable

    (16     (7     68     (45     —    

Other, net

    (1     —         49     —         48
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used by financing activities

    (17     (7     (306     (45     (375
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

    —         —         8     —         8
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

    —         (68     112     —         44

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period

    —         429     1,748     —         2,177
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period

  $ —       $ 361   $ 1,860   $ —       $ 2,221
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

71


Table of Contents

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The following table presents the condensed consolidating cash flow statement information for the three months ended March 31, 2018:

 

    Parent           All Other              

(Amounts in millions)

  Guarantor     Issuer     Subsidiaries     Eliminations     Consolidated  

Cash flows from (used by) operating activities:

         

Net income

  $ 112   $ 3   $ 221   $ (171   $ 165

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from (used by) operating activities:

         

Equity in income from subsidiaries

    (126     (45     —         171     —    

Dividends from subsidiaries

    —         63     (63     —         —    

Amortization of fixed maturity securities discounts and premiums

    —         1     (26     —         (25

Net investment (gains) losses

    —         (6     37     —         31

Charges assessed to policyholders

    —         —         (178     —         (178

Acquisition costs deferred

    —         —         (18     —         (18

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs and intangibles

    —         —         104     —         104

Deferred income taxes

    9     (47     64     —         26

Derivative instruments and limited partnerships

    —         17     (169     —         (152

Stock-based compensation expense

    8     —         (1     —         7

Change in certain assets and liabilities:

         

Accrued investment income and other assets

    5     16     (63     (3     (45

Insurance reserves

    —         —         377     —         377

Current tax liabilities

    (23     26     (42     —         (39

Other liabilities, policy and contract claims and other policy-related balances

    (13     (19     (117     5     (144
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash from (used by) operating activities

    (28     9     126     2     109
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows used by investing activities:

         

Proceeds from maturities and repayments of investments:

         

Fixed maturity securities

    —         —         934     —         934

Commercial mortgage loans

    —         —         205     —         205

Restricted commercial mortgage loans related to a securitization entity

    —         —         8     —         8

Proceeds from sales of investments:

         

Fixed maturity and equity securities

    —         —         792     —         792

Purchases and originations of investments:

         

Fixed maturity and equity securities

    —         —         (2,013     —         (2,013

Commercial mortgage loans

    —         —         (199     —         (199

Other invested assets, net

    —         —         106     (2     104

Policy loans, net

    —         —         2     —         2

Intercompany notes receivable

    —         (56     59     (3     —    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used by investing activities

    —         (56     (106     (5     (167
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from (used by) financing activities:

         

Deposits to universal life and investment contracts

    —         —         255     —         255

Withdrawals from universal life and investment contracts

    —         —         (591     —         (591

Proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt

    —         441     —         —         441

Repayment of borrowings related to a securitization entity

    —         —         (8     —         (8

Repurchase of subsidiary shares

    —         —         (36     —         (36

Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests

    —         —         (36     —         (36

Intercompany notes payable

    31     (59     25     3     —    

Other, net

    (3     —         25     —         22
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash from (used by) financing activities

    28     382     (366     3     47
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

    —         —         (21     —         (21
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

    —         335     (367     —         (32

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period

    —         795     2,080     —         2,875
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period

  $ —       $ 1,130   $ 1,713   $ —       $ 2,843
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

Our insurance company subsidiaries are restricted by state and foreign laws and regulations as to the amount of dividends they may pay to their parent without regulatory approval in any year, the purpose of which is to protect affected insurance policyholders and contractholders, not stockholders. Any dividends in excess of limits are deemed “extraordinary” and require approval. Based on statutory results as of December 31, 2018, in accordance with applicable dividend restrictions, our subsidiaries could pay dividends of approximately $500 million to us in 2019 without obtaining regulatory approval, and the remaining net assets are considered restricted. While the $500 million is unrestricted, our insurance subsidiaries may not pay dividends to us in 2019 at this level if they need to retain capital for growth and to meet capital requirements and desired thresholds. As of March 31, 2019, Genworth Financial’s and Genworth Holdings’ subsidiaries had restricted net assets of $12.7 billion and $11.7 billion, respectively.

 

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Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included herein and with our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. References to “Genworth Financial,” “Genworth,” the “Company,” “we” or “our” herein are, unless the context otherwise requires, to Genworth Financial, Inc. on a consolidated basis.

Cautionary note regarding forward-looking statements

This report contains certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements may be identified by words such as “expects,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “will” or words of similar meaning and include, but are not limited to, statements regarding the outlook for our future business and financial performance. Examples of forward-looking statements include statements we make relating to the transaction with China Oceanwide Holdings Group Co., Ltd. (together with its affiliates, “China Oceanwide”) and our discussions with regulators in connection therewith. Forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations and assumptions, which are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements due to global political, economic, business, competitive, market, regulatory and other factors and risks, including, but not limited to, the following:

 

   

risks related to the proposed transaction with China Oceanwide including: our inability to complete the transaction in a timely manner or at all; the parties’ inability to obtain regulatory approvals or clearances, or the possibility that such regulatory approvals may further delay the transaction or will not be received prior to June 30, 2019 (and either or both of the parties may not be willing to further waive their end date termination rights beyond June 30, 2019) or that materially burdensome or adverse regulatory conditions may be imposed or undesirable measures may be required in connection with any such regulatory approvals or clearances (including those conditions or measures that either or both of the parties may be unwilling to accept or undertake, as applicable); the risk that the parties will not be able to obtain other regulatory approvals or clearances, including in connection with a potential alternative funding structure or the current geo-political environment; the parties’ inability to obtain any necessary regulatory approvals or clearances for the post-closing capital plan; the risk that a closing condition of the transaction may not be satisfied; existing and potential legal proceedings may be instituted against us in connection with the transaction that may delay the transaction, make it more costly or ultimately preclude it; the risk that the proposed transaction disrupts our current plans and operations as a result of the announcement and consummation of the transaction; certain restrictions during the pendency of the transaction that may impact our ability to pursue certain business opportunities or strategic transactions; continued availability of capital and financing to us before, or in the absence of, the consummation of the transaction; further rating agency actions and downgrades in our debt or financial strength ratings; changes in applicable laws or regulations; our ability to recognize the anticipated benefits of the transaction; the amount of the costs, fees, expenses and other charges related to the transaction, including costs and expenses related to conditions imposed in connection with regulatory approvals or clearances, which may be material; the risks related to diverting management’s attention from our ongoing business operations; the merger agreement may be terminated in circumstances that would require us to pay China Oceanwide a fee; our ability to attract, recruit, retain and motivate current and prospective employees may be adversely affected; and disruptions and uncertainty relating to the transaction, whether or not it is completed, may harm our relationships with our employees, customers, distributors, vendors or other business partners, and may result in a negative impact on our business;

 

   

strategic risks in the event the proposed transaction with China Oceanwide is not consummated including: our inability to successfully execute alternative strategic plans to effectively address our current business challenges (including with respect to stabilizing our U.S. life insurance businesses, debt obligations, cost savings, ratings and capital); our inability to attract buyers for any businesses or

 

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other assets we may seek to sell, or securities we may seek to issue, in each case, in a timely manner and on anticipated terms; failure to obtain any required regulatory, stockholder and/or noteholder approvals or consents for such alternative strategic plans, or our challenges changing or being more costly or difficult to successfully address than currently anticipated or the benefits achieved being less than anticipated; inability to achieve anticipated cost-savings in a timely manner; and adverse tax or accounting charges; and our ability to increase the capital needed in our mortgage insurance businesses in a timely manner and on anticipated terms, including through business performance, reinsurance or similar transactions, asset sales, securities offerings or otherwise, in each case as and when required;

 

   

risks relating to estimates, assumptions and valuations including: inadequate reserves and the need to increase reserves (including as a result of any changes we may make in the future to our assumptions, methodologies or otherwise in connection with periodic or other reviews); risks related to the impact of our annual review of assumptions and methodologies relating to our long-term care insurance claim reserves and margin, including risks that additional information obtained in the future or other changes to assumptions or methodologies materially affect our margins; inaccurate models; deviations from our estimates and actuarial assumptions or other reasons in our long-term care insurance, life insurance and/or annuity businesses; accelerated amortization of deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”) and present value of future profits (“PVFP”) (including as a result of any changes we may make to our assumptions, methodologies or otherwise in connection with periodic or other reviews); adverse impact on our financial results as a result of projected profits followed by projected losses (as is currently the case with our long-term care insurance business); adverse impact on our results of operations, including the outcome of our annual review of the premium earnings pattern for our mortgage insurance businesses; and changes in valuation of fixed maturity and equity securities;

 

   

risks relating to economic, market and political conditions including: downturns and volatility in global economies and equity and credit markets; interest rates and changes in rates have adversely impacted, and may continue to materially adversely impact, our business and profitability; deterioration in economic conditions or a decline in home prices that adversely affect our loss experience in mortgage insurance; political and economic instability or changes in government policies; and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and international securities markets;

 

   

regulatory and legal risks including: extensive regulation of our businesses and changes in applicable laws and regulations (including changes to tax laws and regulations); litigation and regulatory investigations or other actions; dependence on dividends and other distributions from our subsidiaries (particularly our international subsidiaries) and the inability of any subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions to us, including as a result of the performance of our subsidiaries and insurance, regulatory or corporate law restrictions; adverse change in regulatory requirements, including risk-based capital; changes in regulations adversely affecting our international operations; inability to continue to maintain the private mortgage insurer eligibility requirements (“PMIERs”); inability of our U.S. mortgage insurance subsidiaries to meet minimum statutory capital requirements and hazardous financial condition standards; the influence of Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) and a small number of large mortgage lenders on the U.S. mortgage insurance market and adverse changes to the role or structure of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac; adverse changes in regulations affecting our mortgage insurance businesses; inability to continue to implement actions to mitigate the impact of statutory reserve requirements; impact of additional regulations pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act; changes in tax laws; and changes in accounting and reporting standards;

 

   

liquidity, financial strength ratings, credit and counterparty risks including: insufficient internal sources to meet liquidity needs and limited or no access to capital (including the ability to obtain further financing under an additional secured term loan or credit facility); future adverse rating agency actions, including with respect to rating downgrades or potential downgrades or being put on review for potential downgrade, all of which could have adverse implications for us, including with respect to key business relationships, product offerings, business results of operations, financial condition and

 

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capital needs, strategic plans, collateral obligations and availability and terms of hedging, reinsurance and borrowings; defaults by counterparties to reinsurance arrangements or derivative instruments; defaults or other events impacting the value of our fixed maturity securities portfolio; and defaults on our commercial mortgage loans or the mortgage loans underlying our investments in commercial mortgage-backed securities and volatility in performance;

 

   

operational risks including: inability to retain, attract and motivate qualified employees or senior management; ineffective or inadequate risk management in identifying, controlling or mitigating risks; reliance on, and loss of, key customer or distribution relationships; competition, including in our mortgage insurance businesses from government and government-owned and government-sponsored enterprises (“GSEs”) offering mortgage insurance; the design and effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting may not prevent all errors, misstatements or misrepresentations; and failure or any compromise of the security of our computer systems, disaster recovery systems and business continuity plans and failures to safeguard, or breaches of, its confidential information;

 

   

insurance and product-related risks including: our inability to increase premiums and associated benefit reductions sufficiently, and in a timely manner, on our in-force long-term care insurance policies, and charge higher premiums on policies, in each case, as currently anticipated and as may be required from time to time in the future (including as a result of our failure to obtain any necessary regulatory approvals or unwillingness or inability of policyholders to pay increased premiums and/or accept reduced benefits), including to offset any impact on our long term care insurance margins; availability, affordability and adequacy of reinsurance to protect us against losses; inability to realize anticipated benefits of our rescissions, curtailments, loan modifications or other similar programs in our mortgage insurance businesses; premiums for the significant portion of our mortgage insurance risk in-force with high loan-to-value ratios may not be sufficient to compensate us for the greater risks associated with those policies; decreases in the volume of high loan-to-value mortgage originations or increases in mortgage insurance cancellations; increases in the use of alternatives to private mortgage insurance and reductions in the level of coverage selected; potential liabilities in connection with our U.S. contract underwriting services; and medical advances, such as genetic research and diagnostic imaging, and related legislation that impact policyholder behavior in ways adverse to us;

 

   

other risks including: impairments of or valuation allowances against our deferred tax assets; the possibility that in certain circumstances we will be obligated to make payments to General Electric Company (“GE”) under the tax matters agreement with GE even if our corresponding tax savings are never realized and payments could be accelerated in the event of certain changes in control; and provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and the tax matters agreement with GE may discourage takeover attempts and business combinations that stockholders might consider in their best interests; and

 

   

risks relating to our common stock including: the continued suspension of payment of dividends; and stock price fluctuations.

We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.

Strategic Update

We continue to focus on improving business performance, addressing financial leverage and increasing financial and strategic flexibility across the organization. Our strategy includes maximizing our opportunities in our mortgage insurance businesses and stabilizing our U.S. life insurance businesses.

 

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China Oceanwide Transaction

On October 21, 2016, Genworth Financial, Inc. (“Genworth Financial”) entered into an agreement and plan of merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Asia Pacific Global Capital Co., Ltd. (“Parent”), a limited liability company incorporated in the People’s Republic of China and a subsidiary of China Oceanwide Holdings Group Co., Ltd., a limited liability company incorporated in the People’s Republic of China (together with its affiliates, “China Oceanwide”), and Asia Pacific Global Capital USA Corporation (“Merger Sub”), a Delaware corporation and an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Asia Pacific Insurance USA Holdings LLC (“Asia Pacific Insurance”), which is a Delaware limited liability company and owned by China Oceanwide, pursuant to which, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, Merger Sub would merge with and into Genworth Financial with Genworth Financial surviving the merger as an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Asia Pacific Insurance (the “Merger”). China Oceanwide has agreed to acquire all of our outstanding common stock for a total transaction value of approximately $2.7 billion, or $5.43 per share in cash. At a special meeting held on March 7, 2017, Genworth Financial’s stockholders voted on and approved a proposal to adopt the Merger Agreement.

Genworth Financial and China Oceanwide continue to work towards satisfying the closing conditions of the Merger as soon as possible. In December 2018 and January 2019, we received the remaining approvals from our U.S. domestic insurance regulators. These approvals had multiple conditions, including but not limited to, the Merger being consummated without the purchase of Genworth Life and Annuity Insurance Company (“GLAIC”) from Genworth Life Insurance Company (“GLIC”) by a Genworth intermediate holding company, which had been initially proposed and which we refer to as the “GLAIC unstacking.” Our U.S. domestic regulatory approvals included the approval from the Delaware Department of Insurance (“DDOI”). Genworth Financial and China Oceanwide worked with the DDOI and other regulators to obtain approval of the Merger without the GLAIC unstacking throughout the second half of 2018. As part of the DDOI approval, Genworth Financial and China Oceanwide agreed, following the Merger, Genworth Holdings, Inc. (“Genworth Holdings”) will contribute $175 million to GLIC, which was previously committed by Genworth Financial to be used as partial consideration for the GLAIC unstacking. The $175 million was originally scheduled to be contributed in three equal tranches, with the first contribution completed by the end of March 2019, the second contribution completed by the end of September 2019 and the final contribution completed by the end of January 2020. Due to the delay in closing the Merger, we did not make the March 2019 contribution. We will work with the DDOI on a revised timeline for the first contribution and the remaining amounts due thereafter, depending on the timing of the closing of the Merger. In addition, at or before the closing of the Merger, GLAIC will purchase from GLIC an intercompany note with a principal amount of $200 million. This intercompany note was issued by Genworth Holdings to GLIC, with Genworth Holdings obligated to pay the principal amount on the maturity date of March 31, 2020. The purchase price will be at fair value, but not less than $200 million. No changes will be made to the existing terms of the intercompany note, other than Genworth Holdings will now pay GLAIC the principal amount of the note at maturity. Likewise, the amount will continue to be eliminated in consolidation.

In October 2018, the National Development and Reform Commission (“NDRC”) of the People’s Republic of China accepted China Oceanwide’s filing in connection with the Merger Agreement, which concluded NDRC’s review process and enables China Oceanwide to seek the clearance in China for currency conversion and the transfer of funds once all other regulatory approvals have been received.

In June 2018, the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (“CFIUS”) completed its review of the proposed transaction and concluded that there are no unresolved national security concerns with respect to the proposed transaction. The completion of the CFIUS review satisfied one of the conditions to closing the proposed transaction. In connection with the CFIUS review of the proposed transaction, Genworth Financial and China Oceanwide entered into an agreement to implement a data security risk mitigation plan, which includes, among other things, the use of a U.S. third-party service provider and an independent security monitor to protect the personal data of Genworth Financial’s policyholders and customers in the United States.

 

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The closing of the Merger remains subject to other conditions and approvals, including the required regulatory approval in Canada. In addition, China Oceanwide will need to receive clearance in China for currency conversion and the transfer of funds.

On April 29, 2019, Genworth Financial, Parent and Merger Sub entered into a tenth waiver and agreement (“Tenth Waiver and Agreement”) pursuant to which Genworth Financial and Parent each agreed to waive until June 30, 2019 its right to terminate the Merger Agreement and abandon the Merger in accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement. The Tenth Waiver and Agreement extended the ninth waiver and agreement extension deadline of April 30, 2019 to allow additional time for the remaining regulatory approval and clearance processes.

China Oceanwide and Genworth have agreed on a capital investment plan under which China Oceanwide and/or its affiliates will contribute an aggregate of $1.5 billion to Genworth over time following consummation of the Merger. This contribution is subject to the closing of the Merger and the receipt of required regulatory approvals. The $1.5 billion contribution would be used to further improve our financial stability, which could include retiring debt due in 2020 and 2021 or enabling future growth opportunities. China Oceanwide has no current intention or future obligation to contribute additional capital to support our legacy long-term care insurance business. However, as discussed above, the parties have agreed following the closing of the Merger, Genworth Holdings would contribute $175 million in aggregate to GLIC over time.

At this time Genworth Financial and China Oceanwide remain committed to satisfying the closing conditions under the Merger Agreement as soon as possible. However, if the parties are unable to satisfy the closing conditions by June 30, 2019 and are unable to reach an agreement as to a further extension of the deadline, then either party may terminate the Merger Agreement pursuant to its terms.

If the China Oceanwide transaction is completed, we will be a standalone subsidiary and our senior management team will continue to lead the business from our current headquarters in Richmond, Virginia. Likewise, we intend to maintain our existing portfolio of businesses, including our mortgage insurance businesses in Australia and Canada. Except for the specific monitoring and reporting required under the CFIUS data security risk mitigation plan, our day-to-day operations are not expected to change as a result of this transaction.

Strategic Alternatives

If the China Oceanwide transaction is not completed, we will continue to explore strategic alternatives and financing options to address our ongoing challenges. As a result of the recent performance of our long-term care and life insurance businesses and the charges we recorded in previous periods, absent any alternative commitment of external capital, we believe there would be: increased pressure on and potential further downgrades of our financial strength ratings, particularly for our mortgage insurance businesses, which could affect our ability to maintain our market share of the U.S. mortgage insurance industry and other limitations on our holding company liquidity and ability to service and/or refinance our holding company debt.

In the absence of the transaction with China Oceanwide, which we can neither predict nor guarantee, we may need to pursue strategic asset sales to address our debt maturities in 2020 and thereafter, including potential sales of our mortgage insurance businesses in Canada and/or Australia. We have and would continue to evaluate options to insulate our U.S. mortgage insurance business from additional ratings pressure, including a potential partial sale, in the event the transaction with China Oceanwide cannot be completed. Changes to our financial projections, including changes that anticipate planned asset sales, may negatively impact our ability to realize certain foreign tax credits or other deferred tax assets and have a resulting material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Ongoing Priorities

Stabilizing our U.S. life insurance businesses continues to be one of our long-term goals. We will continue to execute this objective primarily through our multi-year long-term care insurance in-force rate action plan.

 

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Increased premiums and associated benefit reductions on our legacy long-term care insurance policies are critical to the business. As previously disclosed, we are no longer seeking an unstacking of GLAIC as part of our long-term care insurance strategy. In addition, reducing debt will remain a high priority. We believe that increased financial support and our strengthened financial foundation resulting from the China Oceanwide transaction would provide us with more options to manage our debt maturities and reduce overall indebtedness, which in turn is intended to improve our credit and ratings profile over time. Finally, we also believe that the completion of the China Oceanwide transaction would allow us to place greater focus on the future of our long-term care and mortgage insurance businesses while continuing to service our existing policyholders.

Executive Summary of Financial Results

Below is an executive summary of our consolidated financial results for the periods indicated. Amounts below are net of taxes, unless otherwise indicated.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2018

 

   

We had net income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders of $174 million and $112 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Adjusted operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders was $121 million and $125 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

 

   

Our U.S. Mortgage Insurance segment had adjusted operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders of $124 million and $111 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase was primarily attributable to higher insurance in-force and an increase investment income, partially offset by higher operating costs in the current year.

 

   

Our Canada Mortgage Insurance segment had adjusted operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders of $41 million and $49 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease was primarily driven by changes in foreign exchange rates in the current year and from lower earned premiums largely related to refinements in premium recognition factors in the prior year that did not recur and lower mortgage insurance written on prime-based, individually underwritten residential mortgage loans (“flow mortgage insurance”) in recent years. The decrease was also attributable to an increase in acquisition and operating expenses, which included higher stock-based compensation expense in the current year.

 

   

Our Australia Mortgage Insurance segment had adjusted operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders of $14 million and $19 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease was predominantly attributable to lower premiums largely from changes in foreign exchange rates in the current year and from the seasoning of our smaller, more recent in-force books of business. These decreases were partially offset by lower contract fees amortization in the current year.

 

   

Our U.S. Life Insurance segment had an adjusted operating loss available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders of $5 million in both the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. The adjusted operating loss available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders for our long-term care insurance business decreased $12 million mainly attributable to $60 million of higher premiums and reduced benefits in the current year from in-force rate actions approved and implemented and from favorable development on prior year incurred but not reported claims. This was partially offset by lower claim terminations and higher severity and frequency of new claims in the current year. The adjusted operating loss available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders for our life insurance business increased $1 million mainly from the continued runoff of our term life insurance products and from higher lapses primarily associated with the large 20-year term life insurance blocks entering the post-level premium periods. These increases were mostly offset by lower mortality in the current year compared to the prior year in our term and universal life insurance products. Adjusted

 

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operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders decreased $11 million in our fixed annuities business predominantly attributable to $13 million of unfavorable charges in connection with loss recognition testing in our fixed immediate annuity products, partially offset by favorable mortality in the current year.

 

   

Our Runoff segment had adjusted operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders of $20 million and $10 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase was predominantly from favorable equity market performance in the current year.

 

   

Corporate and Other Activities had an adjusted operating loss available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders of $73 million and $59 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in the loss was principally related to $12 million of higher taxes in the current year associated with the Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (“GILTI”) provision of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) and from $13 million of unfavorable provisional tax adjustments. These decreases were partially offset by lower interest expense and operating costs in the current year.

Significant Developments

The periods under review include, among others, the following significant developments.

U.S. Mortgage Insurance

 

   

PMIERs Compliance. Our U.S. mortgage insurance business has been compliant with the original requirements under the private mortgage insurer eligibility requirements (“PMIERs”) since its introduction into the private mortgage insurance industry in 2015. These requirements set forth operational and financial requirements that mortgage insurers must meet in order to remain eligible to offer private mortgage insurance. On March 31, 2019, revisions to the original PMIERs became effective for our U.S. mortgage insurance business. The major revisions include the elimination of any credit for future premiums that had previously been allowed on insurance policies written in 2008 and earlier. Our U.S. mortgage insurance business had available assets of approximately 123% of the required assets under PMIERs as of March 31, 2019. The PMIERs sufficiency ratio was in excess of $600 million of available assets above the requirements as of March 31, 2019.

 

   

Market Share. Our U.S. mortgage insurance business increased its market share during the first quarter of 2019 compared to the fourth quarter of 2018 principally from selective participation in forward commitment transactions and the continued successful rollout of its proprietary risk-based pricing engine, GenRATE. New insurance written increased 7% during the first quarter of 2019 compared to the first quarter of 2018 primarily driven by the increase in the estimated market share.

Canada Mortgage Insurance

 

   

Regulatory Capital. The Mortgage Insurer Capital Adequacy Test (“MICAT”) guideline was effective for our Canada mortgage insurance business on January 1, 2019. The MICAT guideline did not have a material impact on our regulatory solvency as of March 31, 2019, as the impact of the elimination of the credit score update more than offset the 5% increase in the total asset requirement on existing insurance in-force. In addition, these new requirements should permit our mortgage insurance business in Canada to more closely align its actual capital levels with its targeted operating range going forward, which may allow for meaningful levels of capital redeployment in addition to regular quarterly dividends. As of March 31, 2019, our MICAT ratio under the framework was approximately 172%, which was above the supervisory target.

 

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U.S. Life Insurance

 

   

In-force rate actions in our long-term care insurance business. As part of our strategy for our long-term care insurance business, we have been implementing, and expect to continue to pursue, significant premium rate increases and associated benefit reductions on older generation blocks of business in order to bring those blocks closer to a break-even point over time and reduce the strain on earnings and capital. We are also requesting premium rate increases and associated benefit reductions on newer blocks of business, as needed, some of which may be significant, to help bring their loss ratios back towards their original pricing. For all of these in-force rate action filings, we received 24 filing approvals from nine states in the first quarter of 2019, representing a weighted-average increase of 62% on approximately $241 million in annualized in-force premiums, or approximately $150 million of incremental annual premiums.

Liquidity, Capital Resources and Intercompany Obligations

 

   

International Dividends. During the first quarter of 2019, our international subsidiaries paid $47 million of dividends to Genworth Holdings, which was comprised of $28 million of ordinary dividends and $19 million of dividends attributable to share repurchases in our Canada and Australia mortgage insurance businesses. See “Item 2—Liquidity and Capital Resources” for additional details.

 

   

Genworth Holdings Cash and Targeted Cash Buffer. As of March 31, 2019, Genworth Holdings held $361 million of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and $44 million of unrestricted and restricted U.S. government securities. The $405 million combined cash and liquid assets is below our targeted cash buffer of two times expected annual external debt interest payments by approximately $100 million. See “Item 2—Liquidity and Capital Resources” for additional details.

 

   

Intercompany Note Maturity. Genworth Holdings currently has an intercompany note due to GLIC on March 31, 2020 with a principal amount of $200 million. In conjunction with the Merger with China Oceanwide and as discussed above, GLAIC will purchase from GLIC this intercompany note at fair value, but not less than $200 million.

Financial Strength Ratings

There were no changes in the financial strength ratings of our insurance subsidiaries subsequent to February 27, 2019, the date we filed our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For a discussion of the financial strength ratings of our insurance subsidiaries, see “Item 1—Financial Strength Ratings” in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Consolidated

General Trends and Conditions

The stability of both the financial markets and global economies in which we operate impacts the sales, revenue growth and profitability trends of our businesses as well as the value of assets and liabilities. The U.S. and international financial markets in which we operate have been impacted by concerns regarding regulatory changes, global trade, modest global growth and the rate and strength of recovery. During 2018, the global economy improved and most countries in which we conduct business saw improved levels of gross domestic product (“GDP”) growth. The U.S. GDP grew in the first quarter of 2019 at an estimated 3.2%, driven in part by strong consumer spending. This GDP growth was unexpected given that many economic forecasts predicted the U.S. economy would slow down beginning in the first quarter of 2019 and continue this slower growth path for the remainder of the year. In spite of the better than expected first quarter of 2019 GDP growth, many economic uncertainties remain, including, U.S. and China trade tensions, fluctuating oil prices, declining commodity prices and global growth concerns. Historic low interest rates began to rise in 2018 given actions taken by the U.S. Federal Reserve and other central banks, although long-term interest rates remain at low levels and interest rates

 

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reversed course from their upward trend and declined during the first quarter of 2019. The U.S. Federal Reserve did not increase rates during the first quarter of 2019 and signaled that they might not raise rates again until 2020. Prior to the first quarter of 2019, the U.S. Federal Reserve projected two additional rate increases in 2019 and one in 2020. The modification in the forecast relates to the economic concerns relating to ongoing global trade tensions, declining commodity prices, slower global growth and a negative inflation outlook. Given this forecast, we expect interest rates will remain low as compared to historical norms. Likewise, we remain uncertain at the pace in which future interest rate increases will occur and its ultimate impact on our businesses. Near term inflation remains relatively stable but long-term forecasts indicate signs of volatility, which has resulted in a negative outlook. The U.S. Treasury yield curve steepened in the first quarter of 2019 with short-term interest rates decreasing at a higher rate than long-term interest rate decreases. Portions of the U.S. Treasury yield curve inverted in late March 2019, as the yield on the U.S. 10-year Treasury note dipped below the yield on the 3-month Treasury bill, though subsequent to quarter end this inversion normalized. Credit markets generally recovered from spread widening seen in the fourth quarter of 2018, with spreads tightening in the first quarter of 2019 driven by healthy consumer demand, corporate profits, investor demand for bonds and lower government bond yields. For a discussion of the risks associated with interest rates, see “Item 1A Risk Factors—Interest rates and changes in rates could materially adversely affect our business and profitability” in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Varied levels of economic growth, coupled with uncertain economic outlooks, changes in government policy, regulatory and tax reforms, and other changes in market conditions, influenced, and we believe will continue to influence, investment and spending decisions by consumers and businesses as they weigh their consumption, debt, capital and risk profiles in response to these conditions. These trends change as investor confidence in the markets and the outlook for some consumers and businesses shift. As a result, our sales, revenues and profitability trends of certain insurance and investment products as well as the value of assets and liabilities have been and could be further impacted going forward. In particular, factors such as government spending, monetary policies, the volatility and strength of the capital markets, further changes in tax policy and/or in U.S. tax legislation, international trade and the impact of global financial regulation reform will continue to affect economic and business outlooks, level of interest rates and consumer behaviors moving forward.

The U.S. and international governments, the U.S. Federal Reserve, other central banks and other legislative and regulatory bodies have taken certain actions in past years to support the economy and capital markets, influence interest rates, influence housing markets and mortgage servicing and provide liquidity to promote economic growth. These include various mortgage restructuring programs implemented or under consideration by the GSEs, lenders, servicers and the U.S. government. Outside of the United States, various governments and central banks have taken actions to stimulate economies, stabilize financial systems and improve market liquidity. These policies and actions have generally been supportive to the worldwide economy, however, a U.S. or global recession or regional or global financial crisis could occur which would materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Consolidated Results of Operations

The following is a discussion of our consolidated results of operations. For a discussion of our segment results, see “—Results of Operations and Selected Financial and Operating Performance Measures by Segment.”

 

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Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2018

The following table sets forth the consolidated results of operations for the periods indicated:

 

     Three months ended
March 31,
     Increase
(decrease) and
percentage
change
 

(Amounts in millions)

   2019      2018      2019 vs. 2018  

Revenues:

           

Premiums

   $ 1,114    $ 1,140    $ (26      (2 )% 

Net investment income

     829      804      25      3 %  

Net investment gains (losses)

     74      (31      105      NM  (1) 

Policy fees and other income

     187      202      (15      (7 )% 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total revenues

     2,204      2,115      89      4 %  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Benefits and expenses:

           

Benefits and other changes in policy reserves

     1,301      1,311      (10      (1 )% 

Interest credited

     147      156      (9      (6 )% 

Acquisition and operating expenses, net of deferrals

     251      240      11      5 %  

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs and intangibles

     91      104      (13      (13 )% 

Interest expense

     72      76      (4      (5 )% 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total benefits and expenses

     1,862      1,887      (25      (1 )% 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Income before income taxes

     342      228      114      50

Provision for income taxes

     112      63      49      78
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net income

     230      165      65      39

Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

     56      53      3      6 %  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

   $ 174    $ 112    $ 62      55
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1)

We define “NM” as not meaningful for increases or decreases greater than 200%.

Premiums. Premiums are primarily earned on insurance products for mortgage, long-term care, life and accident and health insurance, single premium immediate annuities and structured settlements with life contingencies.

 

   

Our Australia Mortgage Insurance segment decreased $15 million predominantly from $8 million of changes attributable to foreign exchange rates in the current year and from the seasoning of our smaller, more recent in-force books of business.

 

   

Our U.S. Life Insurance segment decreased $13 million. Our long-term care insurance business decreased $3 million. The decrease was largely from policy terminations, partially offset by $17 million of increased premiums in the current year from in-force rate actions approved and implemented. Our life insurance business decreased $10 million mainly attributable to the continued runoff of our term life insurance products and higher reinsurance rates in the current year.

 

   

Our Canada Mortgage Insurance segment decreased $13 million primarily from $7 million of changes attributable to foreign exchange rates in the current year, refinements in premium recognition factors in the prior year that did not recur and from the seasoning of our smaller, more recent in-force books of business.

 

   

Our U.S. Mortgage Insurance segment increased $15 million mainly attributable to higher insurance in-force in the current year.

 

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Net investment income. Net investment income represents the income earned on our investments. For discussion of the change in net investment income, see the comparison for this line item under “—Investments and Derivative Instruments.”

Net investment gains (losses). Net investment gains (losses) consist primarily of realized gains and losses from the sale or impairment of our investments, unrealized and realized gains and losses from our equity and trading securities and derivative instruments. For discussion of the change in net investment gains (losses), see the comparison for this line item under “—Investments and Derivative Instruments.”

Policy fees and other income. Policy fees and other income consists primarily of fees assessed against policyholder and contractholder account values, surrender charges, cost of insurance assessed on universal and term universal life insurance policies, advisory and administration service fees assessed on investment contractholder account values, broker/dealer commission revenues and other fees.

 

   

Our U.S. Life Insurance segment decreased $12 million mostly attributable to our life insurance business primarily from a decline in our term universal and universal life insurance in-force blocks in the current year.

 

   

Our Runoff segment decreased $5 million principally from lower fee income driven mostly by a decline in the average account values in our variable annuity products in the current year.

Benefits and other changes in policy reserves. Benefits and other changes in policy reserves consist primarily of claim costs incurred related to mortgage insurance products and benefits paid and reserve activity related to current claims and future policy benefits on insurance and investment products for long-term care, life and accident and health insurance, structured settlements and single premium immediate annuities with life contingencies.

 

   

Our Runoff segment decreased $7 million primarily attributable to lower guaranteed minimum death benefit (“GMDB”) reserves in our variable annuity products due to favorable equity market performance in the current year.

 

   

Our U.S. Life Insurance segment decreased $2 million. Our long-term care insurance business decreased $1 million principally related to a $61 million higher favorable impact from reduced benefits in the current year related to in-force rate actions approved and implemented and from favorable development on prior year incurred but not reported claims. This decrease was mostly offset by aging of the in-force block (including higher frequency of new claims), lower claim terminations and higher severity of new claims in the current year. Our life insurance business decreased $5 million primarily attributable to lower mortality in the current year compared to the prior year in our term and universal life insurance products. Our fixed annuities business increased $4 million largely attributable to $17 million of higher reserves in connection with loss recognition testing in our fixed immediate annuity products primarily as a result of portfolio management actions and from a decrease in the projected yield curve. These increases were partially offset by favorable mortality and lower interest credited in the current year due to block runoff.

 

   

Our Australia Mortgage Insurance segment decreased $2 million largely from $3 million of changes attributable to foreign exchange rates in the current year. Excluding the effects of changes in foreign exchange rates, benefits and other changes in policy reserves increased slightly mainly from higher new delinquencies, net of cures, in the current year.

 

   

Our U.S. Mortgage Insurance segment was flat as a lower average reserve per delinquency was offset by a lower net benefit from cures and aging of existing delinquencies in the current year.

 

   

Our Canada Mortgage Insurance segment increased $1 million principally from a higher average reserve per delinquency, higher new delinquencies, net of cures, primarily attributable to increased losses in Alberta, and from modestly lower favorable development in our loss reserves, mostly offset by changes in foreign exchange rates in the current year.

 

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Interest credited. Interest credited represents interest credited on behalf of policyholder and contractholder general account balances.

 

   

Our U.S. Life Insurance segment decreased $13 million. Our life insurance and fixed annuities businesses decreased $3 million and $10 million, respectively, primarily driven by a decline in average account values and lower crediting rates in the current year.

 

   

Our Runoff segment increased $4 million principally from higher account values in our corporate-owned life insurance products in the current year.

Acquisition and operating expenses, net of deferrals. Acquisition and operating expenses, net of deferrals, represent costs and expenses related to the acquisition and ongoing maintenance of insurance and investment contracts, including commissions, policy issuance expenses and other underwriting and general operating costs. These costs and expenses are net of amounts that are capitalized and deferred, which are costs and expenses that are related directly to the successful acquisition of new or renewal insurance policies and investment contracts, such as first-year commissions in excess of ultimate renewal commissions and other policy issuance expenses.

 

   

Our U.S. Mortgage Insurance segment increased $7 million primarily attributable to higher operating costs driven mostly by increased sales in the current year.

 

   

Our U.S. Life Insurance segment increased $7 million mostly related to $4 million of restructuring costs, which included the suspension of sales of our individual long-term care insurance products through sales intermediaries effective March 7, 2019. The remaining increase was mostly attributable to our long-term care insurance business largely from higher commissions and premium taxes associated with our in-force rate action plan.

 

   

Our Canada Mortgage Insurance segment increased $3 million mainly driven by higher stock-based compensation expense and higher operating costs in the current year.

 

   

Corporate and Other activities decreased $4 million mainly driven by lower operating costs and a decrease in employee related expenses in the current year.

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs and intangibles. Amortization of DAC and intangibles consists primarily of the amortization of acquisition costs that are capitalized, PVFP and capitalized software.

 

   

Our U.S. Life Insurance segment decreased $5 million primarily related to our life insurance business principally from our updated assumptions implemented in the fourth quarter of 2018, partially offset by an increase in DAC amortization from higher lapses primarily associated with the large 20-year term life insurance blocks entering the post-level premium periods. The current year also included a $10 million unfavorable model correction in our universal life insurance products.

 

   

Our Runoff segment decreased $5 million related to our variable annuity products mainly from favorable equity market performance in the current year.

 

   

Our Australia Mortgage Insurance segment decreased $2 million primarily from lower contract fees amortization and from changes in foreign exchange rates in the current year.

Interest expense. Interest expense represents interest related to our borrowings that are incurred at Genworth Holdings or subsidiaries and our non-recourse funding obligations and interest expense related to the Tax Matters Agreement and certain reinsurance arrangements being accounted for as deposits. The decrease was attributable to Corporate and Other activities which decreased $4 million largely driven by the redemption of $597 million of Genworth Holding’s senior notes in May 2018, partially offset by higher interest expense attributable to the term loan that Genworth Holdings closed in March 2018 and from our junior subordinated notes which had a higher floating rate of interest in the current year.

Provision for income taxes. The effective tax rate increased to 32.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from 27.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The increase was principally driven by a tax

 

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expense in the current year related to the GILTI provision of the TCJA. GILTI has an unfavorable impact on our current year effective tax rate due to the utilization of net operating loss carryforwards and projected taxable losses in the U.S. life insurance businesses without any offsetting foreign tax credit carryforwards. The unfavorable impact on the effective rate is expected to continue for the remainder of 2019 and into 2020.

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests represents the portion of equity in a subsidiary attributable to third parties.

Use of non-Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) measures

Reconciliation of net income to adjusted operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

We use non-GAAP financial measures entitled “adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders” and “adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders per share.” Adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders per share is derived from adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders. Our chief operating decision maker evaluates segment performance and allocates resources on the basis of adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders. We define adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders as income (loss) from continuing operations excluding the after-tax effects of income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net investment gains (losses), goodwill impairments, gains (losses) on the sale of businesses, gains (losses) on the early extinguishment of debt, gains (losses) on insurance block transactions, restructuring costs and infrequent or unusual non-operating items. Gains (losses) on insurance block transactions are defined as gains (losses) on the early extinguishment of non-recourse funding obligations, early termination fees for other financing restructuring and/or resulting gains (losses) on reinsurance restructuring for certain blocks of business. We exclude net investment gains (losses) and infrequent or unusual non-operating items because we do not consider them to be related to the operating performance of our segments and Corporate and Other activities. A component of our net investment gains (losses) is the result of impairments, the size and timing of which can vary significantly depending on market credit cycles. In addition, the size and timing of other investment gains (losses) can be subject to our discretion and are influenced by market opportunities, as well as asset-liability matching considerations. Goodwill impairments, gains (losses) on the sale of businesses, gains (losses) on the early extinguishment of debt, gains (losses) on insurance block transactions and restructuring costs are also excluded from adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders because, in our opinion, they are not indicative of overall operating trends. Infrequent or unusual non-operating items are also excluded from adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders if, in our opinion, they are not indicative of overall operating trends.

While some of these items may be significant components of net income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we believe that adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders, and measures that are derived from or incorporate adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders, including adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders per share on a basic and diluted basis, are appropriate measures that are useful to investors because they identify the income (loss) attributable to the ongoing operations of the business. Management also uses adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders as a basis for determining awards and compensation for senior management and to evaluate performance on a basis comparable to that used by analysts. However, the items excluded from adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders have occurred in the past and could, and in some cases will, recur in the future. Adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders and adjusted

 

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operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders per share on a basic and diluted basis are not substitutes for net income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders or net income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders per share on a basic and diluted basis determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In addition, our definition of adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders may differ from the definitions used by other companies.

In the first quarter of 2019, we revised how we tax the adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders to adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders to align the tax rate used in the reconciliation to each segment’s local jurisdictional tax rate. Beginning in the first quarter of 2019, we used a tax rate of 27% and 30% for our Canada and Australia Mortgage Insurance segments, respectively, to tax effect their adjustments. Our domestic segments remain at a 21% tax rate. In 2018, we assumed a flat 21% tax rate on adjustments for all of our segments to reconcile net income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders and adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders. These adjustments are also net of the portion attributable to noncontrolling interests and net investment gains (losses) are adjusted for DAC and other intangible amortization and certain benefit reserves.

Prior year amounts have not been re-presented to reflect this revised presentation; however, the previous methodology would not have resulted in a materially different segment-level adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders.

The following table includes a reconciliation of net income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders to adjusted operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders for the periods indicated:

 

     Three months ended
March 31,
 

(Amounts in millions)

   2019     2018  

Net income

   $ 230   $ 165

Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

     56     53
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

     174     112

Adjustments to net income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders:

    

Net investment (gains) losses, net (1)

     (71     17

Expenses related to restructuring

     4      

Taxes on adjustments

     14     (4
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjusted operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

   $ 121   $ 125
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) 

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, net investment (gains) losses were adjusted for DAC and other intangible amortization and certain benefit reserves of $(2) million and $(3) million, respectively, and adjusted for net investment gains (losses) attributable to noncontrolling interests of $5 million and $(11) million, respectively.

We recorded a pre-tax expense of $4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 related to restructuring costs as we continue to evaluate and appropriately size our organizational needs and expenses. There were no infrequent or unusual items excluded from adjusted operating income during the periods presented.

 

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Earnings per share

Basic and diluted earnings per share are calculated by dividing each income category presented below by the weighted-average basic and diluted common shares outstanding for the periods indicated:

 

     Three months ended
March 31,
 

(Amounts in millions, except per share amounts)

   2019      2018  

Net income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders per share:

     

Basic

   $ 0.35    $ 0.22
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Diluted

   $ 0.34    $ 0.22
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Adjusted operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders per share:

     

Basic

   $ 0.24    $ 0.25
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Diluted

   $ 0.24    $ 0.25
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Weighted-average common shares outstanding:

     

Basic

     501.2      499.6
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Diluted

     508.6      502.7
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding reflect the effects of potentially dilutive securities including stock options, restricted stock units and other equity-based compensation.

Results of Operations and Selected Financial and Operating Performance Measures by Segment

Our chief operating decision maker evaluates segment performance and allocates resources on the basis of adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders. See note 9 in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements under “Item 1—Financial Statements” for a reconciliation of net income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders to adjusted operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders and a summary of adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders for our segments and Corporate and Other activities.

We tax our international businesses at their local jurisdictional tax rates and our domestic businesses at the U.S. corporate federal income tax rate of 21%. Our segment tax methodology applies the respective jurisdictional or domestic tax rate to the pre-tax income (loss) of each segment, which is then adjusted in each segment to reflect the tax attributes of items unique to that segment such as foreign withholding taxes and permanent differences between U.S. GAAP and local tax law. The difference between the consolidated provision for income taxes and the sum of the provision for income taxes in each segment is reflected in Corporate and Other activities.

The annually-determined tax rates and adjustments to each segment’s provision for income taxes are estimates which are subject to review and could change from year to year.

Management’s discussion and analysis by segment contains selected operating performance measures including “sales” and “insurance in-force” or “risk in-force” which are commonly used in the insurance industry as measures of operating performance.

Management regularly monitors and reports sales metrics as a measure of volume of new and renewal business generated in a period. Sales refer to new insurance written for mortgage insurance products. Sales do not

 

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include renewal premiums on policies or contracts written during prior periods. We consider new insurance written to be a measure of our operating performance because it represents a measure of new sales of insurance policies or contracts during a specified period, rather than a measure of our revenues or profitability during that period.

Management regularly monitors and reports insurance in-force and risk in-force. Insurance in-force for our mortgage insurance businesses is a measure of the aggregate original loan balance for outstanding insurance policies as of the respective reporting date. Risk in-force for our U.S. mortgage insurance business is based on the coverage percentage applied to the estimated current outstanding loan balance. For risk in-force in our mortgage insurance businesses in Canada and Australia, we have computed an “effective” risk in-force amount, which recognizes that the loss on any particular loan will be reduced by the net proceeds received upon sale of the property. Effective risk in-force has been calculated by applying to insurance in-force a factor of 35% that represents the highest expected average per-claim payment for any one underwriting year over the life of our mortgage insurance businesses in Canada and Australia. In Australia, we have certain risk share arrangements where we provide pro-rata coverage of certain loans rather than 100% coverage. As a result, for loans with these risk share arrangements, the applicable pro-rata coverage amount provided is used when applying the factor. We consider insurance in-force and risk in-force to be measures of our operating performance because they represent measures of the size of our business at a specific date which will generate revenues and profits in a future period, rather than measures of our revenues or profitability during that period.

Management also regularly monitors and reports a loss ratio for our businesses. For our mortgage insurance businesses, the loss ratio is the ratio of benefits and other changes in policy reserves to net earned premiums. For our long-term care insurance business, the loss ratio is the ratio of benefits and other changes in reserves less tabular interest on reserves less loss adjustment expenses to net earned premiums. We consider the loss ratio to be a measure of underwriting performance in these businesses and helps to enhance the understanding of the operating performance of our businesses.

These operating performance measures enable us to compare our operating performance across periods without regard to revenues or profitability related to policies or contracts sold in prior periods or from investments or other sources.

U.S. Mortgage Insurance segment

Trends and conditions

Results of our U.S. mortgage insurance business are affected primarily by the following factors: competitor actions; unemployment or underemployment levels; other economic and housing market trends, including interest rates, home prices, the number of first-time homebuyers, and mortgage origination volume mix and practices; the levels and aging of mortgage delinquencies; the effect of seasonal variations; the inventory of unsold homes; loan modification and other servicing efforts; and litigation, among other items. Our results are subject to the performance of the U.S. housing market and the extent of the adverse impact of seasonality that we experience historically in the second half of the year.

The level of private mortgage insurance market penetration and eventual market size is affected in part by actions taken by the GSEs and the U.S. government, including the Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”), the Federal Housing Finance Agency, and the U.S. Congress, which impact housing or housing finance policy. In the past, these actions have included announced changes, or potential changes, to underwriting standards, FHA pricing, GSE guaranty fees, loan limits and alternative products such as those offered through Freddie Mac’s Integrated Mortgage Insurance (“IMAGIN”) and Fannie Mae’s Enterprise Paid Mortgage Insurance (“EPMI”) pilot programs, as well as low down payment programs available through the FHA or GSEs. For more information about the potential future impact, see “Item 1A—Risk Factors—Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac exert significant influence over the U.S. mortgage insurance market and changes to the role or structure of Freddie

 

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Mac or Fannie Mae could have a material adverse impact on our U.S. mortgage insurance business,” and “—Risk Factors—The amount of mortgage insurance we write could decline significantly if alternatives to private mortgage insurance are used or lower coverage levels of mortgage insurance are selected” in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Estimated mortgage origination volume decreased during the first quarter of 2019 compared to the first quarter of 2018 primarily due to higher interest rates. The estimated private mortgage insurance available market was flat in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the first quarter of 2018 mainly due to lower originations offset by higher private mortgage insurance penetration rates. Our flow persistency was 86% during the first quarter of 2019 compared to 84% during the first quarter of 2018, due in part to the rise in interest rates. Our U.S. mortgage insurance estimated market share for the first quarter of 2019 increased compared to the fourth quarter of 2018 driven primarily by our selective participation in forward commitment transactions and the continued successful rollout of our proprietary risk-based pricing engine, GenRATE. However, our market share remains impacted by the negative ratings differential relative to our competitors, concerns expressed about Genworth’s financial condition, the proposed transaction with China Oceanwide and pricing competition. For more information on the potential impacts due to competition, see “Item 1A—Risk Factors—Competitors could negatively affect our ability to maintain or increase our market share and profitability,” and “—Risk Factors—Our reliance on key customer or distribution relationships could cause us to lose significant sales if one or more of those relationships terminate or are reduced” in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The U.S. private mortgage insurance industry is highly competitive. There are currently six active mortgage insurers, including us. In the fourth quarter of 2018, our U.S. mortgage insurance business launched GenRATE, which provides lenders with a more granular approach to pricing for borrowers. We expect more new insurance written in the market to be priced using opaque pricing that will frequently provide a different price to lenders compared to prevailing rate cards. Given evolving market dynamics, we expect price competition to remain highly competitive.

New insurance written increased 7% during the first quarter of 2019 compared to the first quarter of 2018 largely due to our higher estimated market share. The percentage of single premium new insurance written decreased during the first quarter of 2019 compared to the first quarter of 2018, reflecting our selective participation in this market. Future volumes of these products will vary depending in part on our evaluation of their risk return profile. We continue to manage the quality of new business through our underwriting guidelines, which we modify from time to time when circumstances warrant.

Our loss ratio was 8% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to 9% for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The loss ratio decreased slightly primarily driven by higher net earned premiums attributable to increased insurance in-force in the current year. Losses were flat as a lower average reserve on new delinquencies was offset by a lower net benefit from cures and aging of existing delinquencies in the current year.

As of March 31, 2019, Genworth Mortgage Insurance Corporation’s (“GMICO”) risk-to-capital ratio under the current regulatory framework as established under North Carolina law and enforced by the North Carolina Department of Insurance (“NCDOI”), GMICO’s domestic insurance regulator, was approximately 12.1:1, compared with a risk-to-capital ratio of approximately 12.5:1 as of December 31, 2018 and approximately 12.7:1 as of March 31, 2018. This risk-to-capital ratio remains below the NCDOI’s maximum risk-to-capital ratio of 25:1. GMICO’s ongoing risk-to-capital ratio will depend principally on the magnitude of future losses incurred by GMICO, the effectiveness of ongoing loss mitigation activities, new business volume and profitability, the amount of policy lapses, changes in the value of affiliated assets and the amount of additional capital that is generated within the business or capital support (if any) that we provide.

Under PMIERs, we are subject to operational and financial requirements that mortgage insurers must meet in order to remain eligible. Each approved mortgage insurer is required to provide the GSEs with an annual

 

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certification and a quarterly report as to its compliance with PMIERs. The revised PMIERs was effective on March 31, 2019. As of March 31, 2019, our U.S. mortgage insurance business had available assets of approximately 123% of the required assets under PMIERs compared to approximately 129% under the previous PMIERs requirements as of December 31, 2018. The sufficiency ratio as of March 31, 2019 was in excess of $600 million of available assets above the PMIERs requirements compared to $750 million of available assets above the previous PMIERs requirements as of December 31, 2018. This difference is primarily due to the elimination of any credit for future premiums in PMIERs that had previously been allowed on insurance policies written in 2008 or earlier. Reinsurance transactions provided an aggregate of approximately $490 million of PMIERs capital credit as of March 31, 2019.

Segment results of operations

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2018

The following table sets forth the results of operations relating to our U.S. Mortgage Insurance segment for the periods indicated:

 

     Three months ended
March 31,
     Increase
(decrease) and
percentage
change
 

(Amounts in millions)

   2019      2018      2019 vs. 2018  

Revenues:

           

Premiums

   $ 194    $ 179    $ 15      8 %  

Net investment income

     28      21      7      33

Net investment gains (losses)

     —          —          —          —  

Policy fees and other income

     1      —          1      NM  (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total revenues

     223      200      23      12
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Benefits and expenses:

           

Benefits and other changes in policy reserves

     16      16      —          —  

Acquisition and operating expenses, net of deferrals

     46      39      7      18

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs and intangibles

     4      4      —          —  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total benefits and expenses

     66      59      7      12
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Income before income taxes

     157      141      16      11

Provision for income taxes

     33      30      3      10
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net income

     124      111      13      12

Adjustments to net income:

           

Net investment (gains) losses

     —          —          —          —  

Taxes on adjustments

     —          —          —          —  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Adjusted operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

   $ 124    $ 111    $ 13      12
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1) 

We define “NM” as not meaningful for increases or decreases greater than 200%.

Adjusted operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

Adjusted operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders increased primarily attributable to higher insurance in-force and an increase investment income, partially offset by higher operating costs in the current year.

Revenues

Premiums increased mainly attributable to higher insurance in-force in the current year.

 

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Net investment income increased primarily from higher average invested assets and investment yields in the current year.

Benefits and expenses

Benefits and other changes in policy reserves were flat as a lower average reserve on new delinquencies was offset by a lower net benefit from cures and aging of existing delinquencies in the current year.

Acquisition and operating expenses, net of deferrals, increased primarily attributable to higher operating costs driven mostly by increased sales in the current year.

Provision for income taxes. The effective tax rate was 21.2% for both the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, consistent with the U.S. corporate federal income tax rate.

U.S. Mortgage Insurance selected operating performance measures

The following table sets forth selected operating performance measures regarding our U.S. Mortgage Insurance segment as of or for the dates indicated:

 

     As of or for the three
months ended

March 31,
     Increase
(decrease) and
percentage
change
 

(Amounts in millions)

   2019      2018      2019 vs. 2018  

Primary insurance in-force (1)

   $ 170,400    $ 154,900    $ 15,500      10

Risk in-force

   $ 41,300    $ 37,500    $ 3,800      10

New insurance written

   $ 9,600    $ 9,000    $ 600      7

Net premiums written

   $ 193    $ 185    $ 8      4

 

(1) 

Primary insurance in-force represents the aggregate original loan balance for outstanding insurance policies and is used to determine premiums. Original loan balances are presented for policies with level renewal premiums. Amortized loan balances are presented for policies with annual, amortizing renewal premiums.

Primary insurance in-force and risk in-force

Primary insurance in-force increased largely as a result of $15.8 billion in higher flow insurance in-force, which increased from $153.5 billion as of March 31, 2018 to $169.3 billion as of March 31, 2019 as a result of new insurance written, partially offset by lapses in the current year. The increase in flow insurance in-force was partially offset by a decline of $0.3 billion in mortgage insurance on a bulk basis (“bulk insurance”) in-force, which decreased from $1.4 billion as of March 31, 2018 to $1.1 billion as of March 31, 2019 from cancellations and lapses. In addition, risk in-force increased primarily as a result of higher flow new insurance written. Flow persistency was 86% and 84% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

New insurance written

New insurance written increased primarily due to our higher estimated market share in the current year.

Net premiums written

Net premiums written increased primarily from higher average flow insurance in-force in the current year.

 

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Loss and expense ratios

The following table sets forth the loss and expense ratios for our U.S. Mortgage Insurance segment for the dates indicated:

 

     Three months ended
March 31,
    Increase (decrease)  
     2019     2018     2019 vs. 2018  

Loss ratio

     8     9     (1 )% 

Expense ratio (net earned premiums)

     25     24     1

Expense ratio (net premiums written)

     26     23     3

The loss ratio is the ratio of benefits and other changes in policy reserves to net earned premiums. The expense ratio (net earned premiums) is the ratio of general expenses to net earned premiums. The expense ratio (net premiums written) is the ratio of general expenses to net premiums written. In our business, general expenses consist of acquisition and operating expenses, net of deferrals, and amortization of DAC and intangibles.

The loss ratio decreased slightly primarily driven by higher net earned premiums attributable to increased insurance in-force in the current year. Losses were flat as a lower average reserve on new delinquencies was offset by a lower net benefit from cures and aging of existing delinquencies in the current year.

The expense ratio (net earned premiums) increased slightly mainly driven by higher operating costs, mostly offset by higher net earned premiums in the current year.

The expense ratio (net premiums written) increased primarily due to higher operating costs, partially offset by higher net premiums written in the current year.

Delinquent loans

The following table sets forth the number of loans insured, the number of delinquent loans and the delinquency rate for our U.S. mortgage insurance portfolio as of the dates indicated:

 

     March 31,
2019
    December 31,
2018
    March 31,
2018
 

Primary insurance:

      

Insured loans in-force

     792,800     783,288     749,145

Delinquent loans

     16,206     17,159     20,602

Percentage of delinquent loans (delinquency rate)

     2.04     2.19     2.75

Flow loans in-force

     780,733     770,657     734,411

Flow delinquent loans

     15,764     16,670     20,007

Percentage of flow delinquent loans (delinquency rate)

     2.02     2.16     2.72

Bulk loans in-force

     12,067     12,631     14,734

Bulk delinquent loans (1)

     442     489     595

Percentage of bulk delinquent loans (delinquency rate)

     3.66     3.87     4.04

A minus and sub-prime loans in-force

     14,712     15,348     17,964

A minus and sub-prime delinquent loans

     2,530     2,727     3,557

Percentage of A minus and sub-prime delinquent loans (delinquency rate)

     17.20     17.77     19.80

Pool insurance:

      

Insured loans in-force

     4,470     4,535     4,961

Delinquent loans

     187     220     220

Percentage of delinquent loans (delinquency rate)

     4.18     4.85     4.43

 

(1)

Included loans where we were in a secondary loss position for which no reserve was established due to an existing deductible. Excluding these loans, bulk delinquent loans were 360 as of March 31, 2019, 403 as of December 31, 2018 and 494 as of March 31, 2018.

 

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Delinquency and foreclosure levels that developed principally in our 2005 through 2008 book years have declined as the residential real estate market in the United States stabilized subsequent to those book years and strengthened during recent years. In addition, we experienced lower foreclosure starts during 2018, which continued in the first quarter of 2019. However, our 2005 through 2008 book years continue to make up the majority of our existing delinquencies as well as new delinquencies, therefore, we may experience variability in our delinquency rates.

The following tables set forth flow delinquencies, direct case reserves and risk in-force by aged missed payment status in our U.S. mortgage insurance portfolio as of the dates indicated:

 

     March 31, 2019  

(Dollar amounts in millions)

   Delinquencies      Direct case
reserves
(1)
     Risk
in-force
     Reserves as %
of risk in-force
 

Payments in default:

           

3 payments or less

     7,679    $ 29      $ 343      8

4 - 11 payments

     4,664      90        214      42

12 payments or more

     3,421      127        173      73
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total

     15,764    $ 246      $ 730      34
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1) 

Direct flow case reserves exclude loss adjustment expenses, incurred but not reported and reinsurance reserves.

 

     December 31, 2018  

(Dollar amounts in millions)

   Delinquencies      Direct case
reserves
(1)
     Risk
in-force
     Reserves as %
of risk in-force
 

Payments in default:

           

3 payments or less

     8,360    $ 31      $ 365      8

4 - 11 payments

     4,591      88        208      42

12 payments or more

     3,719      142        188      76
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total

     16,670    $ 261      $ 761      34
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1) 

Direct flow case reserves exclude loss adjustment expenses, incurred but not reported and reinsurance reserves.

 

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Primary insurance delinquency rates differ from region to region in the United States at any one time depending upon economic conditions and cyclical growth patterns. The tables below set forth our primary delinquency rates for the various regions of the United States and the 10 largest states by our risk in-force as of the dates indicated. Delinquency rates are shown by region based upon the location of the underlying property, rather than the location of the lender.

 

    

Percent of primary

risk in-force as of

   

Percent of total

reserves as of

    Delinquency rate  
    March 31,     December 31,     March 31,  
     March 31, 2019     March 31, 2019 (1)     2019     2018     2018  

By Region:

          

Southeast (2)

     18     22     2.39     2.63     3.99

Pacific (3)

     17     10       1.29     1.29     1.36

South Central (4)

     16     12       1.97     2.11     2.79

Northeast (5)

     12     27       3.10     3.43     4.18

North Central (6)

     11     9       1.90     1.98     2.16

Great Lakes (7)

     11     6       1.62     1.72     1.86

Mid-Atlantic (8)

     6     5       2.11     2.16     2.47

New England (9)

     5     6       2.05     2.23     2.54

Plains (10)

     4     3       1.82     1.87     2.08
  

 

 

   

 

 

       

Total

     100     100     2.04     2.19     2.75
  

 

 

   

 

 

       

 

(1) 

Total reserves were $280 million as of March 31, 2019.

(2) 

Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee.

(3) 

Alaska, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Oregon and Washington.

(4) 

Arizona, Colorado, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas and Utah.

(5) 

New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania.

(6) 

Illinois, Minnesota, Missouri and Wisconsin.

(7) 

Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan and Ohio.

(8) 

Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Washington D.C. and West Virginia.

(9) 

Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont.

(10) 

Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming.

 

    

Percent of primary

risk in-force as of

   

Percent of total

reserves as of

    Delinquency rate  
    March 31,     December 31,     March 31,  
     March 31, 2019     March 31, 2019 (1)     2019     2018     2018  

By State:

          

California

     10     5     1.27     1.28     1.27

Texas

     7     5     2.03     2.29     3.66

Florida

     6     12     2.61     2.91     6.60

Illinois

     5     6     2.23     2.26     2.47

New York

     5     15     3.42     3.64     4.38

Washington

     5     2     1.05     1.04     1.05

Michigan

     4     2     1.30     1.40     1.36

Pennsylvania

     4     4     2.37     2.79     3.09

Ohio

     4     3     1.82     1.97     2.12

North Carolina

     4     3     1.96     2.27     2.47

 

(1) 

Total reserves were $280 million as of March 31, 2019.

 

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The following table sets forth the dispersion of our total reserves and primary insurance in-force and risk in-force by year of policy origination and average annual mortgage interest rate as of March 31, 2019:

 

(Amounts in millions)

   Average
rate
    Percent of total
reserves
(1)
    Primary
insurance
in-force
     Percent
of total
    Primary
risk
in-force
     Percent
of total
 

Policy Year

              

2004 and prior

     6.09     8.7   $ 1,587      0.9   $ 299      0.7

2005 - 2008

     5.47     59.4       18,391      10.8     4,226      10.3

2009 - 2012

     4.28     2.2       4,428      2.6     1,034      2.5

2013

     4.09     2.2       5,204      3.1     1,278      3.1

2014

     4.45     4.2       8,900      5.2     2,162      5.2

2015

     4.15     5.9       17,652      10.4     4,281      10.4

2016

     3.88     7.9       32,065      18.8     7,736      18.8

2017

     4.25     6.6       34,400      20.2     8,398      20.4

2018

     4.77     2.9       38,147      22.4     9,394      22.8

2019

     4.87     —         9,581      5.6     2,385      5.8
    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total portfolio

     4.51     100.0   $ 170,355      100.0   $ 41,193      100.0
    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) 

Total reserves were $280 million as of March 31, 2019.

Canada Mortgage Insurance segment

Trends and conditions

Results of our mortgage insurance business in Canada are affected primarily by changes in the regulatory environment, employment levels, consumer borrowing behavior, lender mortgage-related strategies, including lender servicing practices, and other economic and housing market influences, including interest rate trends, home price appreciation or depreciation, mortgage origination volume, levels and aging of mortgage delinquencies and movements in foreign currency exchange rates. During the first quarter of 2019, the Canadian dollar weakened against the U.S. dollar compared to the first quarter of 2018, which negatively impacted the results of our mortgage insurance business in Canada as reported in U.S. dollars. Any future movement in foreign exchange rates could impact future results.

The Canadian GDP is expected to have experienced modest growth in the first quarter of 2019, although lower than in the first quarter of 2018, reflecting lower oil prices and weakness in residential investment activity. The overnight interest rate in Canada remained flat at 1.75% in the first quarter of 2019. Canada’s unemployment rate increased slightly to 5.8% at the end of the first quarter of 2019 compared to 5.6% at the end of 2018 as workforce participation outpaced an increase in job creation.

National home prices increased in the first quarter of 2019 by approximately 2% compared to the first quarter of 2018 led by gains in Ontario, particularly in the Greater Toronto Area. However, home prices were down by approximately 1% compared to the fourth quarter of 2018, mostly due to declines in British Columbia. National home sales in the first quarter of 2019 were down by approximately 3% compared to both the first and fourth quarters of 2018, mostly due to the slowdown in sales in British Columbia as a result of regulatory and housing policy changes.

Our mortgage insurance business in Canada experienced slightly higher losses in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the first quarter of 2018 primarily from a higher average reserve per delinquency and higher new delinquencies, net of cures, most pronounced in Alberta. The higher losses in the current year were also attributable to modestly lower favorable development in our loss reserves. Our loss ratio in Canada was 15% for the first quarter of 2019. We expect our full year 2019 loss ratio to be the same or modestly higher than our full year 2018 loss ratio of 15% as economic conditions continue to normalize.

 

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In the first quarter of 2019, flow new insurance written volumes were down in our mortgage insurance business in Canada compared to the first quarter of 2018 primarily from a smaller originations market due to regulatory changes and ongoing housing affordability pressure. The first quarter of 2018 included higher volumes from applications received in the fourth quarter of 2017 resulting from an acceleration of housing demand ahead of regulatory changes. Earned premiums also decreased mainly from the seasoning of our smaller, more recent in-force books of business and from a favorable adjustment of $3 million relating to refinements in premium recognition factors in the first quarter of 2018 that did not recur.

Bulk new insurance written levels in the first quarter of 2019 were slightly lower compared to the first quarter of 2018 due to marginally lower demand. Insurance written from bulk mortgage insurance varies from period to period based on a number of factors, including the amount of bulk mortgages lenders seek to insure, the competitiveness of our pricing and our risk appetite for such mortgage insurance.

We are subject to regulation under the Protection of Residential Mortgage or Hypothecary Insurance Act (Canada) (“PRMHIA”) and the Insurance Companies Act (Canada), under which our mortgage insurance business in Canada is required to meet a minimum MICAT ratio to support its outstanding mortgage insurance in-force per the MICAT guideline released by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (“OSFI”) on August 9, 2018. The MICAT guideline was effective January 1, 2019 and replaced the guideline titled “Minimum Capital Test for Federally Regulated Property and Casualty Insurance Companies” and the capital advisory titled “Capital Requirements for Federally Regulated Mortgage Insurers.” The OSFI supervisory MICAT target ratio and the minimum MICAT ratio under PRMHIA are 150%. The primary changes included a 5% increase of the total asset requirement, elimination of the requirement to use updated credit scores for 2015 and prior book years and a transitional arrangement that provides a phase-in period for the increased capital required for insurance risk on outstanding insured mortgages as of December 31, 2018. We expect the benefit from the transitional arrangement to run off in the current year. The MICAT guideline did not have a material impact on our regulatory solvency as reported at March 31, 2019 as the impact of the elimination of the credit score update more than offset the 5% increase in the total asset requirement on existing insurance in-force. In addition, these new requirements should permit our mortgage insurance business in Canada to more closely align its actual capital levels with its targeted operating range going forward, which may allow for meaningful levels of capital redeployment in addition to regular quarterly dividends. As of March 31, 2019, our MICAT ratio under the framework was approximately 172%, which was above the supervisory target.

On March 1, 2019, OSFI released a revised version of Guideline B-21 Residential Mortgage Insurance Underwriting Practices and Procedures (“B-21 Guideline”). The updates made to the B-21 Guideline are intended to align with Guideline B-20 Residential Mortgage Underwriting Practices and Procedures (“B-20 Guideline”), which sets out OSFI’s expectations for prudent residential mortgage underwriting by federally regulated financial institutions in the areas of income verification, property valuation, and fraud detection and prevention. Although the changes made to the B-21 Guideline are new for federally regulated mortgage insurers, we do not expect those changes to have a material impact given that federally regulated lenders have already been subject to the same rules since January 1, 2018 under the B-20 Guideline.

Canada’s 2019-20 federal budget released on March 19, 2019 includes a new program called the First-Time Home Buyers Incentive (“FTHBI”) intended to help with housing affordability. Under the program, for qualifying borrowers, the Canada Mortgage Housing Corporation (“CMHC”) will contribute up to 10% of the value of a newly built home or 5% of the value of a resale in exchange for a corresponding equity stake in the home. The FTHBI program is expected to launch in September 2019 and will require borrowers to meet minimum insured mortgage down payment requirements to ensure they are invested in their purchase. The program is capped at CAD$1.25 billion over three years, and the incentive will be further limited to households with a maximum combined income of CAD$120,000, with total borrowing limited to four times the income level. Many of the program’s details and guidelines are still unknown, and therefore it is premature to determine how this program may impact our mortgage insurance business in Canada. However, the business has confirmed that it is eligible to participate in this program and is currently in discussions with the Department of Finance.

 

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Segment results of operations

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2018

The following table sets forth the results of operations relating to our Canada Mortgage Insurance segment for the periods indicated:

 

     Three months ended
March 31,
     Increase
(decrease) and
percentage
change
 

(Amounts in millions)

   2019      2018      2019 vs. 2018  

Revenues:

           

Premiums

   $ 126    $ 139    $ (13      (9 )% 

Net investment income

     34      34      —          —  

Net investment gains (losses)

     (1      (15      14      93
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total revenues

     159      158      1      1 %  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Benefits and expenses:

           

Benefits and other changes in policy reserves

     19      18      1      6 %  

Acquisition and operating expenses, net of deferrals

     20      17      3      18

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs and intangibles

     10      10      —          —  

Interest expense

     4      5      (1      (20 )% 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total benefits and expenses

     53      50      3      6 %  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Income before income taxes

     106      108      (2      (2 )% 

Provision for income taxes

     29      30      (1      (3 )% 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net income

     77      78      (1      (1 )% 

Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

     36      36      —          —  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

     41      42      (1      (2 )% 

Adjustments to net income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders:

           

Net investment (gains) losses, net (1)

     —          9      (9      (100 )% 

Taxes on adjustments

     —          (2      2      100
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Adjusted operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

   $ 41    $ 49    $ (8      (16 )% 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1)

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, net investment (gains) losses were adjusted for the portion of net investment gains (losses) attributable to noncontrolling interests of $(1) million and $(6) million, respectively.

Adjusted operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

Adjusted operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders decreased primarily driven by changes in foreign exchange rates in the current year and from lower earned premiums largely related to refinements in premium recognition factors in the prior year that did not recur and lower flow mortgage insurance written in recent years. The decrease was also attributable to an increase in acquisition and operating expenses, which included higher stock-based compensation expense in the current year.

Revenues

Premiums decreased primarily from $7 million of changes attributable to foreign exchange rates in the current year, refinements in premium recognition factors in the prior year that did not recur and from the seasoning of our smaller, more recent in-force books of business.

 

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Net investment losses decreased primarily attributable to derivative gains in the current year compared to losses in the prior year largely from hedging non-functional currency transactions and derivative gains on interest rate floors, partially offset by derivative losses on interest rate swaps in the current year compared to gains in the prior year. The decrease was also attributable to lower net investment losses from changes in the fair value of equity securities in the current year.

Benefits and expenses

Benefits and other changes in policy reserves increased principally from a higher average reserve per delinquency, higher new delinquencies, net of cures, primarily attributable to increased losses in Alberta, and from modestly lower favorable development in our loss reserves, mostly offset by changes in foreign exchange rates in the current year.

Acquisition and operating expenses, net of deferrals, increased mainly driven by higher stock-based compensation expense and higher operating costs in the current year.

Provision for income taxes. The effective tax rate was 27.6% and 27.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, consistent with our jurisdictional rate of 27%.

Canada Mortgage Insurance selected operating performance measures

The following table sets forth selected operating performance measures regarding our Canada Mortgage Insurance segment as of or for the dates indicated:

 

     As of or for the three
months ended

March 31,
     Increase
(decrease) and
percentage
change
 

(Amounts in millions)

   2019      2018      2019 vs. 2018  

Primary insurance in-force

   $ 382,200    $ 384,600    $ (2,400      (1 )% 

Risk in-force

   $ 133,800    $ 134,600    $ (800      (1 )% 

New insurance written

   $ 2,900    $ 3,400    $ (500      (15 )% 

Net premiums written

   $ 79    $ 92    $ (13      (14 )% 

Primary insurance in-force and risk in-force

Our mortgage insurance business in Canada currently provides 100% coverage on the majority of the loans we insure in that market. For the purpose of representing our risk in-force, we have computed an “effective” risk in-force amount, which recognizes that the loss on any particular loan will be reduced by the net proceeds received upon sale of the property. Effective risk in-force has been calculated by applying to insurance in-force a factor that represents our highest expected average per-claim payment for any one underwriting year over the life of our business in Canada. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, this factor was 35%.

Primary insurance in-force and risk in-force decreased largely from decreases of $14.1 billion and $5.0 billion, respectively, attributable to changes in foreign exchange rates, partially offset by new flow and bulk mortgage insurance written.

New insurance written

New insurance written decreased primarily from lower flow mortgage insurance written largely resulting from a smaller mortgage originations market due to regulatory changes and ongoing housing affordability pressure. The first quarter of 2018 included higher volumes from applications received in the fourth quarter of 2017 resulting from an acceleration of housing demand ahead of regulatory changes. The three months ended March 31, 2019 included a decrease of $100 million attributable to changes in foreign exchange rates.

 

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Net premiums written

Our mortgage insurance policies in Canada provide for single premiums at the time that loan proceeds are advanced. We initially record the single premiums to unearned premium reserves and recognize the premiums earned over time in accordance with the expected pattern of risk emergence. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our unearned premium reserves were $1.5 billion in each period.

Net premiums written decreased primarily from lower flow mortgage insurance written and lower average premium rates on bulk mortgage insurance. The three months ended March 31, 2019 included a decrease of $5 million attributable to changes in foreign exchange rates.

Loss and expense ratios

The following table sets forth the loss and expense ratios for our Canada Mortgage Insurance segment for the periods indicated:

 

     Three months ended March 31,     Increase (decrease)  
     2019     2018     2019 vs. 2018  

Loss ratio

     15     13     2

Expense ratio (net earned premiums)

     24     20     4

Expense ratio (net premiums written)

     39     30     9

The loss ratio is the ratio of benefits and other changes in policy reserves to net earned premiums. The expense ratio (net earned premiums) is the ratio of general expenses to net earned premiums. The expense ratio (net premiums written) is the ratio of general expenses to net premiums written. In our mortgage insurance business in Canada, general expenses consist of acquisition and operating expenses, net of deferrals, and amortization of DAC and intangibles.

The loss ratio increased primarily from a higher average reserve per delinquency and higher new delinquencies, net of cures, most pronounced in Alberta, in the current year.

The expense ratio (net earned premiums) increased primarily attributable to higher stock-based compensation and operating expenses and lower earned premiums in the current year.

The expense ratio (net premiums written) increased largely from higher stock-based compensation and operating expenses and lower net premiums written in the current year.

Delinquent loans

The following table sets forth the number of loans insured, the number of delinquent loans and the delinquency rate for our Canada mortgage insurance portfolio as of the dates indicated:

 

     March 31, 2019     December 31, 2018     March 31, 2018  

Primary insured loans in-force

     2,152,048     2,143,191     2,123,727

Delinquent loans

     1,760     1,684     1,723

Percentage of delinquent loans (delinquency rate)

     0.08     0.08     0.08

Flow loans in-force

     1,507,283     1,499,304     1,456,573

Flow delinquent loans

     1,384     1,310     1,385

Percentage of flow delinquent loans (delinquency rate)

     0.09     0.09     0.10

Bulk loans in-force

     644,765     643,887     667,154

Bulk delinquent loans

     376     374     338

Percentage of bulk delinquent loans (delinquency rate)

     0.06     0.06     0.05

 

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Flow mortgage loans in-force increased from new policies written. The number of delinquent loans of our flow mortgage insurance increased compared to the fourth quarter of 2018 primarily driven by seasonally higher new delinquencies.

Primary insurance delinquency rates differ by the various provinces and territories of Canada at any one time depending upon economic conditions and cyclical growth patterns. The table below sets forth our primary delinquency rates for the various provinces and territories of Canada by our risk in-force as of the dates indicated. Delinquency rates are shown by region based upon the location of the underlying property, rather than the location of the lender.

 

    

Percent of primary

risk in-force as of

    Delinquency rate  
    March 31,     December 31,     March 31,  
     March 31, 2019     2019     2018     2018  

By province and territory:

        

Ontario

     47     0.03     0.03     0.03

Alberta

     17     0.19     0.18     0.17

British Columbia

     14     0.04     0.04     0.04

Quebec

     13     0.09     0.10     0.10

Saskatchewan

     3     0.29     0.28     0.30

Nova Scotia

     2     0.13     0.13     0.15

Manitoba

     2     0.11     0.10     0.10

New Brunswick

     1     0.13     0.10     0.17

All other

     1     0.20     0.19     0.19
  

 

 

       

Total

     100     0.08     0.08     0.08
  

 

 

       

Delinquency rates were flat compared to December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018 reflecting regional housing market improvement primarily driven by stable macroeconomic conditions in most regions, offset by higher losses in Alberta.

As a part of enhanced lender reporting, we receive updated outstanding loans in-force in Canada from almost all of our customers. Based on the data provided by lenders, the delinquency rate as of March 31, 2019 was 0.20%, reflecting a lower number of outstanding loans and related policies in-force compared to our reported policies in-force.

Australia Mortgage Insurance segment

Trends and conditions

Results of our mortgage insurance business in Australia are affected primarily by changes in regulatory environments, employment levels, consumer borrowing behavior, lender mortgage-related strategies, including lender servicing practices, and other economic and housing market influences, including interest rate trends, home price appreciation or depreciation, mortgage origination volume, levels and aging of mortgage delinquencies and movements in foreign currency exchange rates. During the first quarter of 2019, the Australian dollar weakened against the U.S. dollar compared to first quarter of 2018, which negatively impacted the results of our mortgage insurance business in Australia as reported in U.S. dollars. Any future movement in foreign exchange rates could impact future results.

The Australian GDP is expected to have experienced moderate growth in the first quarter of 2019, supported by sustained expansion of non-mining business investment and an ongoing rise in non-resource exports. The cash rate remained flat at 1.50% in the first quarter of 2019. The unemployment rate remained flat at 5.0% compared to December 2018.

 

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Following consistent growth in 2017, home prices in Australia continued the 2018 downward trend with declines in the first quarter of 2019. March 2019 home values were approximately 8% lower than in March 2018, with declines experienced across the majority of the capital cities. The main drivers of the home price depreciation were the Sydney and Melbourne housing markets, with decreases of approximately 11% and 10%, respectively, for the first quarter of 2019.

Our mortgage insurance business in Australia completed a review of its premium earnings pattern in the fourth quarter of 2018, which resulted in no changes to the earnings pattern adopted in the fourth quarter of 2017. The adjustment to our premium earnings pattern in the fourth quarter of 2017 was applied on a retrospective basis under U.S. GAAP, however, under local Australian Accounting Standards this adjustment was applied on a prospective basis. Due to this divergence in accounting application, the financial results and certain metrics, such as the loss ratio and expense ratios, for our mortgage insurance business in Australia were different between the two accounting standards in the first quarter of 2019 and will be different in future periods.

Our mortgage insurance business in Australia had lower losses in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the first quarter of 2018 attributable to changes in foreign exchange rates. Excluding foreign exchange, losses were slightly higher primarily as a result of higher new delinquencies, net of cures, in the current year. The loss ratio in Australia for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was 34%. We still expect the full year 2019 loss ratio in Australia to be similar to the full year 2018 loss ratio of 30%, as higher delinquencies and lower cures traditionally experienced in the first half of the year are expected to normalize thereafter.

In the first quarter of 2019, our mortgage insurance business in Australia experienced an increase in new insurance written volumes compared to the first quarter of 2018 primarily due to a higher level of bulk insurance transactions and higher mortgage origination volumes from certain key customers in the current year.

Gross written premiums were lower in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the first quarter of 2018 largely as a result of the timing of initial premiums received from a structured insurance transaction in the prior year, partially offset by higher flow new insurance written from increased key customer activity in the current year. Earned premiums were lower in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the first quarter of 2018 primarily due to the seasoning of our smaller, more recent in-force books of business.

In November 2016, we entered into a new contract with our largest customer, effective January 1, 2017, with a term of three years. In November 2018, we entered into a new contract with our second largest customer, effective November 21, 2018, with a term of two years and the option to extend for an additional year at the customer’s discretion. These two customers together represented 64% of our gross written premiums in the first quarter of 2019.

Our mortgage insurance business in Australia evaluates its capital position in relation to the Prescribed Capital Amount (“PCA”) as determined by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (“APRA”) and utilizes its Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process as the framework to ensure that our Australia group of companies as a whole, and each regulated entity, are independently capitalized to meet regulatory requirements. As of March 31, 2019, the estimated PCA ratio of our mortgage insurance business in Australia was approximately 201%, representing an increase from 194% as of December 31, 2018, largely resulting from portfolio seasoning, partially offset by dividends paid, share repurchase activity and lower reinsurance credit.

 

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Segment results of operations

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2018

The following table sets forth the results of operations relating to our Australia Mortgage Insurance segment for the periods indicated:

 

     Three months ended
March 31,
     Increase
(decrease) and
percentage
change
 

(Amounts in millions)

   2019      2018      2019 vs. 2018  

Revenues:

           

Premiums

   $ 83    $ 98    $ (15      (15 )% 

Net investment income

     16      17      (1      (6 )% 

Net investment gains (losses)

     12      (9      21      NM  (1) 

Policy fees and other income

     (1      1      (2      (200 )% 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total revenues

     110      107      3      3 %  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Benefits and expenses:

           

Benefits and other changes in policy reserves

     28      30      (2      (7 )% 

Acquisition and operating expenses, net of deferrals

     17      17      —          —  

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs and intangibles

     9      11      (2      (18 )% 

Interest expense

     2      2      —          —  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total benefits and expenses

     56      60      (4      (7 )% 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Income before income taxes

     54      47      7      15

Provision for income taxes

     16      14      2      14
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net income

     38      33      5      15

Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

     20      17      3      18
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

     18      16      2      13

Adjustments to net income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders:

           

Net investment (gains) losses, net (2)

     (6      4      (10      NM  (1) 

Taxes on adjustments

     2      (1      3      NM  (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Adjusted operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

   $ 14    $ 19    $ (5      (26 )% 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1)

We define “NM” as not meaningful for increases or decreases greater than 200%.

(2)

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, net investment (gains) losses were adjusted for the portion of net investment gains (losses) attributable to noncontrolling interests of $6 million and $(5) million, respectively.

Adjusted operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

Adjusted operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders decreased primarily driven by lower premiums largely from changes in foreign exchange rates in the current year and from the seasoning of our smaller, more recent in-force books of business. These decreases were partially offset by lower contract fees amortization in the current year.

Revenues

Premiums decreased predominantly from $8 million of changes attributable to foreign exchange rates in the current year and from the seasoning of our smaller, more recent in-force books of business.

 

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We had net investment gains in the current year compared to net investment losses in the prior year. Net investment gains in the current year were primarily from net realized gains from the sale of investment securities, derivative gains and from changes in the fair value of equity securities. Net investment losses in the prior year were predominantly from changes in the fair value of equity securities.

Policy fees and other income decreased primarily attributable to foreign exchange losses on non-Australian dollar denominated invested assets due to changes in foreign exchange rates in the current year.

Benefits and expenses

Benefits and other changes in policy reserves decreased largely from $3 million of changes attributable to foreign exchange rates in the current year. Excluding the effects of changes in foreign exchange rates, benefits and other changes in policy reserves increased slightly mainly from higher new delinquencies, net of cures, in the current year.

Amortization of DAC and intangibles decreased primarily from lower contract fees amortization and from changes in foreign exchange rates in the current year.

Provision for income taxes. The effective tax rate was 30.0% for both the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, consistent with our jurisdictional rate.

Australia Mortgage Insurance selected operating performance measures

Our mortgage insurance business in Australia currently has structured insurance transactions with three lenders where it is in a secondary loss position. The insurance portfolio metrics associated with these transactions, which include insurance in-force, risk in-force, new insurance written, loans in-force and delinquent loans, are excluded from the following tables. These arrangements represented approximately $157 million and $160 million of risk in-force of our mortgage insurance business as of March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The following table sets forth selected operating performance measures regarding our Australia Mortgage Insurance segment as of or for the dates indicated:

 

     As of or for the three
months ended

March 31,
     Increase
(decrease) and
percentage change
 

(Amounts in millions)

   2019      2018      2019 vs. 2018  

Primary insurance in-force

   $ 219,200    $ 246,300    $ (27,100      (11 )% 

Risk in-force

   $ 76,300    $ 85,700    $ (9,400      (11 )% 

New insurance written

   $ 3,900    $ 3,400    $ 500      15

Net premiums written

   $ 52    $ 60    $ (8      (13 )% 

Primary insurance in-force and risk in-force

Our mortgage insurance business in Australia currently provides 100% coverage on the majority of the loans we insure in those markets. For the purpose of representing our risk in-force, we have computed an “effective” risk in-force amount, which recognizes that the loss on any particular loan will be reduced by the net proceeds received upon sale of the property. Effective risk in-force has been calculated by applying to insurance in-force a factor that represents our highest expected average per-claim payment for any one underwriting year over the life of our business in Australia. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, this factor was 35%. We also have certain risk share arrangements where we provide pro-rata coverage of certain loans rather than 100% coverage. As a result, for loans with these risk share arrangements, the applicable pro-rata coverage amount provided is used when applying the factor.

 

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Primary insurance in-force and risk in-force decreased primarily from decreases of $18.1 billion and $6.3 billion, respectively, due to changes in foreign exchange rates and from policy cancellations in the current year.

New insurance written

New insurance written increased mainly attributable to new bulk insurance written and higher mortgage origination volume from certain key customers. The three months ended March 31, 2019 included a decrease of $300 million attributable to changes in foreign exchange rates.

Net premiums written

Most of our Australian mortgage insurance policies provide for single premiums at the time that loan proceeds are advanced. We initially record the single premiums to unearned premium reserves and recognize the premiums earned over time in accordance with the expected pattern of risk emergence. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our unearned premium reserves were $1.0 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively.

Net premiums written decreased primarily from $5 million of changes attributable to foreign exchange rates and from lower net premiums written on structured insurance due to the timing of initial premiums received from a transaction in the prior year, partially offset by higher mortgage origination volume from certain key customers in the current year.

Loss and expense ratios

The following table sets forth the loss and expense ratios for our Australia Mortgage Insurance segment for the periods indicated:

 

     Three months ended March 31,     Increase (decrease)  
     2019     2018     2019 vs. 2018  

Loss ratio

     34     30     4

Expense ratio (net earned premiums)

     31     29     2

Expense ratio (net premiums written)

     50     47     3

The loss ratio is the ratio of benefits and other changes in policy reserves to net earned premiums. The expense ratio (net earned premiums) is the ratio of general expenses to net earned premiums. The expense ratio (net premiums written) is the ratio of general expenses to net premiums written. In our mortgage insurance business in Australia, general expenses consist of acquisition and operating expenses, net of deferrals, and amortization of DAC and intangibles.

The loss ratio increased primarily from higher new delinquencies, net of cures, in the current year. The increase was also attributable to lower earned premiums largely due to the seasoning of our smaller, more recent in-force books of business.

The expense ratio (net earned premiums and net premiums written) increased primarily from lower earned/written premiums, as discussed above, partially offset by lower contract fees amortization in the current year.

 

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Delinquent loans

The following table sets forth the number of loans insured, the number of delinquent loans and the delinquency rate for our Australia mortgage insurance portfolio as of the dates indicated:

 

     March 31, 2019     December 31, 2018     March 31, 2018  

Primary insured loans in-force

     1,323,172     1,332,906     1,407,431

Delinquent loans

     7,490     7,145     6,958

Percentage of delinquent loans (delinquency rate)

     0.57     0.54     0.49

Flow loans in-force

     1,217,050     1,226,219     1,296,055

Flow delinquent loans

     7,265     6,931     6,735

Percentage of flow delinquent loans (delinquency rate)

     0.60     0.57     0.52

Bulk loans in-force

     106,122     106,687     111,376

Bulk delinquent loans

     225     214     223

Percentage of bulk delinquent loans (delinquency rate)

     0.21     0.20     0.20

Flow loans in-force decreased primarily from policy cancellations. Flow delinquent loans increased primarily from higher new delinquencies, net of cures, in the current year.

Primary insurance delinquency rates differ by the various states and territories of Australia at any one time depending upon economic conditions and cyclical growth patterns. The table below sets forth our primary delinquency rates for the states and territories of Australia by our risk in-force as of the dates indicated. Delinquency rates are shown by region based upon the location of the underlying property, rather than the location of the lender.

 

    

Percent of primary

risk in-force as of

    Delinquency rate  
    March 31,     December 31,     March 31,  
     March 31, 2019     2019     2018     2018  

By state and territory:

        

New South Wales

     28     0.41     0.38     0.33

Queensland

     23     0.74     0.70     0.67

Victoria

     22     0.42     0.40     0.39

Western Australia

     13     1.05     0.98     0.88

South Australia

     6     0.69     0.68     0.63

Australian Capital Territory

     3     0.19     0.17     0.18

Tasmania

     2     0.28     0.31     0.32

New Zealand

     2     0.04     0.05     0.06

Northern Territory

     1     0.76     0.68     0.52
  

 

 

       

Total

     100     0.57     0.54     0.49
  

 

 

       

Delinquency rates increased in the current year compared to December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018 mainly from lower flow loans in-force as a result of policy cancellations and from higher new delinquencies, net of cures, in the current year.

U.S. Life Insurance segment

Trends and conditions

Results of our U.S. life insurance businesses depend significantly upon the extent to which our actual future experience is consistent with assumptions and methodologies we have used in calculating our reserves. Many

 

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factors can affect the reserves in our U.S. life insurance businesses. Because these factors are not known in advance, change over time, are difficult to accurately predict and are inherently uncertain, we cannot determine with precision the ultimate amounts we will pay for actual claims or the timing of those payments. We will continue to monitor our experience and assumptions closely and make changes to our assumptions and methodologies, as appropriate, for our U.S. life insurance products. Even small changes in assumptions or small deviations of actual experience from assumptions can have, and in the past have had, material impacts on our DAC amortization, reserve levels, results of operations and financial condition.

We perform loss recognition testing to ensure that the current reserves along with the present value of future gross premiums are sufficient to cover the present value of future expected claims and expense, as well as recover the unamortized portion of DAC and, if any, PVFP. If the loss recognition test indicates a deficiency in the ability to pay all future claims and expenses, including the amortization of DAC and PVFP, a loss is recognized in earnings as an impairment of the DAC and/or PVFP balance and, if the loss is greater than the DAC and/or PVFP balance, by an increase in reserves. Our liability for policy and contract claims is reviewed quarterly and we conduct a detailed review of our claim reserve assumptions for our long-term care insurance business annually. We completed our annual review of claim reserve assumptions for our long-term care insurance business in the fourth quarter of 2018. See “Long-term care insurance” below for more details. Our liability for future policy benefits is reviewed at least annually as a part of our loss recognition testing. As part of loss recognition testing, we also review the recoverability of DAC and PVFP at least annually. In addition, we perform cash flow testing separately for each of our U.S. life insurance companies on a statutory accounting basis annually. In the fourth quarter of 2018, we performed assumption reviews for our universal and term universal life insurance products as well as for our other U.S. life insurance products, including our long-term care insurance products, and completed our loss recognition testing. For our acquired block of long-term care insurance business and our fixed immediate annuity products, we monitor these blocks more frequently than annually given the premium deficiencies that existed in previous periods.

Our U.S. Life Insurance segment will continue to migrate to a new valuation and projection platform for certain lines of business, while we upgrade platforms for other lines of business. The migration and upgrades are part of our ongoing efforts to improve the infrastructure and capabilities of our information systems and our routine assessment and refinement of financial, actuarial, investment and risk management capabilities and processes enterprise wide. These efforts will also provide our U.S. Life Insurance segment with improved platforms to support emerging accounting guidance and ongoing changes in capital regulations. Concurrently, actuarial processes and methodologies will be reviewed, and may result in additional refinements to our models and/or assumptions. Any material changes in balances, margins or income trends that may result from these activities will be disclosed accordingly. We intend to continue developing our modeling capabilities in our various businesses, including for our long-term care insurance projections where we migrated substantially all of our retained long-term care insurance business to this new modeling system in 2016 and 2017. The new modeling system values and forecasts associated liability cash flows and policyholder behavior at a more granular level than our previous system.

Results of our U.S. life insurance businesses are also impacted by interest rates. Low interest rates put pressure on the profitability and returns of these businesses as higher yielding investments mature and are replaced with lower-yielding investments. We seek to manage the impact of low interest rates through asset-liability management as well as interest rate hedging strategies for a portion of our long-term care insurance product cash flows. Additionally, certain products have implicit and explicit rate guarantees or optionality that are significantly impacted by changes in interest rates. For a further discussion of the impact of interest rates on our U.S. life insurance businesses, see “Item 7A—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Our U.S. life insurance subsidiaries are subject to the National Association of Insurance Commissioners’ (“NAIC”) risk-based capital (“RBC”) standards and other minimum statutory capital and surplus requirements. As of December 31, 2018, the RBC of each of our U.S. life insurance subsidiaries exceeded the level of RBC that

 

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would require any of them to take or become subject to any corrective action in their respective domiciliary state. However, the RBC ratio of our U.S. life insurance subsidiaries has declined over the past few years as a result of statutory losses driven by the declining performance of the business and increases in our statutory reserves, including results of Actuarial Guideline 38, cash flow testing and assumption reviews particularly in our long-term care insurance business. Any future statutory losses would decrease the RBC ratio of our U.S. life insurance subsidiaries. We continue to face challenges in our principal life insurance subsidiaries, particularly those subsidiaries that rely heavily on in-force rate actions as a source of earnings and capital. We may see variability in statutory results and a further decline in the RBC ratios of these subsidiaries given the time lag between the approval of in-force rate actions versus when the benefits from the in-force rate actions (including increased premiums and associated benefit reductions) are fully realized in our financial results. Further declines in the RBC ratio of our life insurance subsidiaries could result in heightened supervision and regulatory action.

Long-term care insurance

Results of our long-term care insurance business are influenced primarily by our ability to achieve in-force rate actions, morbidity, mortality, persistency, investment yields, expenses, changes in regulations and reinsurance. Changes in regulations or government programs, including long-term care insurance rate action legislation, could impact our long-term care insurance business either positively or negatively.

Our liability for policy and contract claims is reviewed quarterly and we conduct a detailed review of our claim reserve assumptions for our long-term care insurance business annually. We completed our annual review of claim reserve assumptions and methodologies for our long-term care insurance business in the fourth quarter of 2018 and recorded higher claim reserves of $308 million and reinsurance recoverables of $17 million. Based on this review, we updated several assumptions and methodologies, including benefit utilization rates, claim termination rates and other assumptions. The primary impact related to increasing later duration utilization assumptions for claims with lifetime benefits.

Additional changes in assumptions or methodologies in our long-term care insurance claim reserves in the future could also impact our loss recognition and cash flow testing results. Our assumptions are sensitive to slight variability in actual experience and small changes in assumptions could result in decreases in the margin of our long-term care insurance blocks to at/or below zero in future years. To the extent, based on reviews, the margin of our long-term care insurance block, excluding the acquired block, is negative, we would be required to recognize a loss, by amortizing more DAC and/or establishing additional benefit reserves. For our acquired block of long-term care insurance, the impacts of adverse changes in assumptions would also be reflected as a loss if our margin for this block is reduced below zero by establishing additional benefit reserves. A significant decrease in our loss recognition testing margin of our long-term care insurance blocks could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

In connection with the updated assumptions and methodologies that increased claim reserves on existing claims in the fourth quarter of 2018, we now establish higher claim reserves on new claims, which decreased earnings in the first quarter of 2019 and we expect will decrease earnings going forward as higher reserves are recorded. Additionally, average claim reserves for new claims are higher as the mix of claims continues to evolve, with an increasing number of policies with higher daily benefit amounts and higher inflation factors going on claim. The average new claim reserve established in the first quarter of 2019 was approximately 8% higher than the average new claim reserve established during the first quarter of 2018. Also, we expect growth in new claims as our blocks of business continue to age.

We experience volatility in our loss ratios caused by variances in policy terminations, claim terminations, claim severity and claim counts. Our approved in-force rate actions may also cause fluctuations in our loss ratios during the period when reserves are adjusted to reflect policyholders electing benefit reductions or non-forfeiture options within their policy coverage. In addition, we periodically review our reserve assumptions and methodologies based upon developing experience, which may result in changes to claim reserves and loss recognition testing results, causing volatility in our operating results and loss ratios. Our loss ratio for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was 81% and 84%, respectively.

 

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As a result of ongoing challenges in our long-term care insurance business, we continue pursuing initiatives to improve the risk and profitability profile of our business including: premium rate increases and associated benefit reductions on our in-force policies; managing expense levels; executing investment strategies targeting higher returns; and enhancing our financial and actuarial analytical capabilities. Executing on our multi-year long-term care insurance in-force rate action plan with increased premiums and associated benefit reductions on our legacy long-term care insurance policies is critical to the business. For an update on in-force rate actions, refer to “Significant Developments—U.S. Life Insurance.” As of March 31, 2019, we have suspended sales in Hawaii, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont and Montana, and will consider taking similar actions in the future in other states where we are unable to obtain satisfactory rate increases on in-force policies. We will also consider litigation against states that decline actuarially justified rate increases. As of March 31, 2019, we were in litigation with one state that has refused to approve actuarially justified in-force rate actions. The approval process for in-force rate increases and the amount and timing of the rate increases and associated benefit reductions approved vary by state. In certain states, the decision to approve or disapprove a rate increase can take a significant amount of time, and the approved amount may be phased in over time. After approval, insureds are provided with written notice of the increase and increases are generally applied on the insured’s next policy anniversary date. As a result, the benefits of any rate increase are not fully realized until the implementation cycle is complete and are, therefore, expected to be realized over time.

Our U.S. Life Insurance segment is taxed at 21%, the enacted tax rate under the TCJA. However, gains on forward starting swaps settled prior to the enactment of the TCJA are tax effected at 35% as they are amortized into net investment income. This will negatively impact our long-term care insurance business given the majority of our forward starting swaps are in this business.

We also manage risk and capital allocated to our long-term care insurance business through utilization of external reinsurance in the form of coinsurance. We executed external reinsurance agreements to reinsure 20% of all sales of our individual long-term care insurance products that have been introduced since early 2013. External new business reinsurance is dependent on a number of factors, including price, availability, risk tolerance and capital levels. Over time, there can be no assurance that affordable, or any, reinsurance will continue to be available. We also have external reinsurance on some older blocks of business which includes a treaty on a yearly renewable term basis on business that was written between 1998 and 2003. This yearly renewable term reinsurance provides coverage for claims on those policies for 15 years after the policy was written. After 15 years, reinsurance coverage ends for policies not on claim, while reinsurance coverage continues for policies on claim until the claim ends. The 15-year coverage on the policies written in 2003 expired in 2018; therefore, any new claims will not have reinsurance coverage under this treaty. Since 2013, we have seen, and may continue to see, an increase in our benefit costs as policies with reinsurance coverage exhaust their benefits or terminate and policies which are not covered by reinsurance go on claim.

Life insurance

Results of our life insurance business are impacted primarily by mortality, persistency, investment yields, expenses, reinsurance and statutory reserve requirements, among other factors. Effective March 7, 2016, we suspended sales of our traditional life insurance products.

We review our life insurance assumptions in detail at least annually. In the fourth quarter of 2018, we performed our annual review of life insurance assumptions and completed our loss recognition testing for our universal and term universal life insurance products. As part of our assumption review in the fourth quarter of 2018, we recorded $91 million of after-tax charges in our universal and term universal life insurance products primarily driven by assumption changes due to lower expected growth in interest rates and emerging mortality experience primarily in our term universal life insurance product.

Mortality levels may deviate each period from historical trends. Mortality experience was lower in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the fourth quarter of 2018 and first quarter of 2018, however, we have experienced higher mortality than our then current and priced for assumptions in recent years for our universal life insurance

 

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blocks. We have also been experiencing higher mortality related charges resulting from an increase in rates charged by our reinsurance partners reflecting natural block aging and higher mortality compared to expectations. Our mortality experience for older ages and late-duration premium periods is emerging. We will continue to regularly review our mortality assumptions as well as all of our other assumptions in light of emerging experience and may be required to make further adjustments to our universal and term universal life insurance reserves in the future, which could also impact our loss recognition testing results. Any further materially adverse changes to our assumptions, including mortality, may have a materially negative impact on our results of operations, financial condition and business.

Between 1999 and 2009, we had a significant increase in term life insurance sales, as compared to 1998 and prior years. As our 15-year level premium period term life insurance policies written in 1999 and 2000 transitioned to their post level guaranteed premium rate period, we have experienced lower persistency compared to our pricing and valuation assumptions. The blocks of business issued since 2000 vary in size as compared to the 1999 and 2000 blocks of business. Accordingly, in the future, as additional 10-, 15- and 20-year level premium period blocks enter their post level guaranteed premium rate period, we expect to experience volatility in DAC amortization, premiums and mortality experience, which we expect to reduce profitability in our term life insurance products, in amounts that could be material, if persistency is lower than our original assumptions as it has been on our 10- and 15-year level premium period business written in 1999 and 2000. In the first quarter of 2019 and the full years 2018 and 2017, we experienced higher lapses and accelerated DAC amortization associated with our large 15-year and 20-year level premium period term life insurance blocks entering their post level guaranteed premium rate periods. We anticipate this trend will continue for the remainder of 2019 with accompanying higher DAC amortization and lower profitability as larger blocks reach the end of their level premium periods and will continue as our other blocks reach their post guaranteed level premium rate period, especially for our 2000 block. As of March 31, 2019, our term life insurance products had a DAC balance of $1.3 billion. We have also taken actions to mitigate potentially unfavorable impacts through the use of reinsurance, particularly for certain term life insurance policies issued between 2001 and 2004.

Fixed annuities

Results of our fixed annuities business are affected primarily by investment performance, interest rate levels, the slope of the interest rate yield curve, net interest spreads, equity market conditions, mortality, persistency, and expense and commission levels. Effective March 7, 2016, we suspended sales of our traditional fixed annuity products.

We monitor and change crediting rates on fixed annuities on a regular basis to maintain spreads and targeted returns, if applicable. However, if interest rates remain at current levels or decrease, we could see declines in spreads which impact the margins on our products, particularly our fixed immediate annuity products. Due to the premium deficiency that existed in 2016, we continue to monitor our fixed immediate annuity products more frequently than annually and recorded additional charges during 2017, the fourth quarter of 2018 and the first quarter of 2019. If interest rates remain at the current levels or increase at a slower pace than we assumed, we could incur additional charges in the future. The impacts of future adverse changes in our assumptions could result in the establishment of additional future policy benefit reserves and would be immediately reflected as a loss if our margin for this block is again reduced below zero. Any favorable variation would result in additional margin but no immediate benefit to income and would result in higher income recognition over the remaining duration of the in-force block.

For fixed indexed annuities, equity market performance and volatility could also result in additional gains or losses, although associated hedging activities are expected to partially mitigate these impacts.

 

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Segment results of operations

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2018

The following table sets forth the results of operations relating to our U.S. Life Insurance segment for the periods indicated:

 

     Three months ended
March 31,
     Increase
(decrease) and
percentage

change

(Amounts in millions)

   2019      2018      2019 vs. 2018

Revenues:

          

Premiums

   $ 709    $ 722    $ (13   (2)%

Net investment income

     701      688      13   2%

Net investment gains (losses)

     84      8      76   NM (1)

Policy fees and other income

     151      163      (12   (7)%
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

Total revenues

     1,645      1,581      64   4%
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

Benefits and expenses:

          

Benefits and other changes in policy reserves

     1,236      1,238      (2   —  %

Interest credited

     106      119      (13   (11)%

Acquisition and operating expenses, net of deferrals

     148      141      7   5%

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs and intangibles

     66      71      (5   (7)%

Interest expense

     5      4      1   25%
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

Total benefits and expenses

     1,561      1,573      (12   (1)%
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

Net income before income taxes

     84      8      76   NM (1)

Provision for income taxes

     24      6      18   NM (1)
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

Net income

     60      2      58   NM (1)

Adjustments to net income:

          

Net investment (gains) losses, net (2)

     (86      (9      (77   NM (1)

Expenses related to restructuring

     4      —          4   NM (1)

Taxes on adjustments

     17      2      15   NM (1)
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

Adjusted operating loss available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

   $ (5    $ (5    $ —       —  %
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

(1)

We define “NM” as not meaningful for increases or decreases greater than 200%.

(2)

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, net investment (gains) losses were adjusted for DAC and other intangible amortization and certain benefit reserves of $(2) million and $(1) million, respectively.

 

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The following table sets forth adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders for the businesses included in our U.S. Life Insurance segment for the periods indicated:

 

     Three months ended
March 31,
     Increase
(decrease) and
percentage

change
 

(Amounts in millions)

   2019      2018      2019 vs. 2018  

Adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders:

           

Long-term care insurance

   $ (20    $ (32    $ 12      38

Life insurance

     (2      (1      (1      (100 )% 

Fixed annuities

     17      28      (11      (39 )% 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total adjusted operating loss available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

   $ (5    $ (5    $ —          —  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Adjusted operating income (loss) available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

 

   

The adjusted operating loss available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders for our long-term care insurance business decreased $12 million mainly attributable to $60 million of higher premiums and reduced benefits in the current year from in-force rate actions approved and implemented and from favorable development on prior year incurred but not reported claims. This was partially offset by lower claim terminations and higher severity and frequency of new claims in the current year.

 

   

The adjusted operating loss available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders for our life insurance business increased $1 million mainly from the continued runoff of our term life insurance products, higher lapses primarily associated with the large 20-year term life insurance blocks entering the post-level premium periods and an $11 million unfavorable model correction in our universal life insurance products in the current year. These increases were mostly offset by lower mortality in the current year compared to the prior year in our term and universal life insurance products.

 

   

Adjusted operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders decreased $11 million in our fixed annuities business predominantly attributable to $13 million of unfavorable charges in connection with loss recognition testing in our fixed immediate annuity products, partially offset by favorable mortality in the current year.

Revenues

Premiums

 

   

Our long-term care insurance business decreased $3 million. The decrease was largely from policy terminations, partially offset by $17 million of increased premiums in the current year from in-force rate actions approved and implemented.

 

   

Our life insurance business decreased $10 million mainly attributable to the continued runoff of our term life insurance products and higher reinsurance rates in the current year.

Net investment income

 

   

Our long-term care insurance business increased $24 million largely from higher average invested assets in the current year.

 

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Our life insurance business increased $9 million principally related to higher yields and average invested assets in the current year. The increase was also attributable to a favorable prepayment speed adjustment on mortgage-backed securities in the current year compared to an unfavorable prepayment speed adjustment in the prior year.

 

   

Our fixed annuities business decreased $20 million largely attributable to lower average invested assets in the current year due to block runoff.

Net investment gains (losses)

 

   

Net investment gains in our long-term care insurance business increased $74 million primarily related to net gains from the sale of investment securities in the current year compared to net losses in the prior year and higher gains on equity securities in the current year related to changes in fair value.

 

   

Net investment gains in our life insurance business increased $5 million primarily related to higher net gains from the sale of investment securities, partially offset by lower gains on embedded derivatives associated with our indexed universal life insurance products.

 

   

Net investment losses in our fixed annuities business increased $3 million primarily related to losses on embedded derivatives related to our fixed indexed annuity products in the current year compared to gains in the prior year, partially offset by derivative gains in the current year compared to derivative losses in the prior year.

Policy fees and other income. The decrease was mostly attributable to our life insurance business primarily from a decline in our term universal and universal life insurance in-force blocks in the current year.

Benefits and expenses

Benefits and other changes in policy reserves

 

   

Our long-term care insurance business decreased $1 million principally related to a $61 million higher favorable impact from reduced benefits in the current year related to in-force rate actions approved and implemented and from favorable development on prior year incurred but not reported claims. This decrease was mostly offset by aging of the in-force block (including higher frequency of new claims), lower claim terminations and higher severity of new claims in the current year.

 

   

Our life insurance business decreased $5 million primarily attributable to lower mortality in the current year compared to the prior year in our term and universal life insurance products.

 

   

Our fixed annuities business increased $4 million largely attributable to $17 million of higher reserves in connection with loss recognition testing in our fixed immediate annuity products primarily as a result of portfolio management actions and from a decrease in the projected yield curve. These increases were partially offset by favorable mortality and lower interest credited in the current year due to block runoff.

Interest credited. The decrease was due to our life insurance and fixed annuities businesses, which decreased $3 million and $10 million, respectively, primarily driven by a decline in average account values and lower crediting rates in the current year.

Acquisition and operating expenses, net of deferrals. The increase was predominantly related to $4 million in restructuring costs in our U.S. Life Insurance segment, which included the suspension of sales of our individual long-term care insurance products through sales intermediaries effective March 7, 2019. The remaining increase was mostly attributable to our long-term care insurance business largely from higher commissions and premium taxes associated with our in-force rate action plan.

 

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Amortization of deferred acquisition costs and intangibles. The decrease in amortization of DAC and intangibles was primarily related to our life insurance business principally from our updated assumptions implemented in the fourth quarter of 2018, partially offset by an increase in DAC amortization from higher lapses primarily associated with the large 20-year term life insurance blocks entering the post-level premium periods. The current year also included a $10 million unfavorable model correction in our universal life insurance products.

Provision for income taxes. The effective tax rate was 28.5% and 78.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate was largely attributable to higher pre-tax income in the current year. The prior year higher effective tax rate reflects $5 million of tax expense attributable to our long-term care insurance business related to gains on forward starting swaps settled prior to the enactment of the TCJA in relation to low pre-tax income.

U.S. Life Insurance selected operating performance measures

Long-term care insurance

The following table sets forth selected operating performance measures regarding our individual and group long-term care insurance products for the periods indicated:

 

     Three months ended
March 31,
    Increase
(decrease) and
percentage
change
 

(Amounts in millions)

   2019     2018     2019 vs. 2018  

Net earned premiums:

        

Individual long-term care insurance

   $ 599     $ 603     $ (4     (1 )% 

Group long-term care insurance

     29       28       1       4
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

Total

   $ 628     $ 631     $ (3     —  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

Loss ratio

     81     84     (3 )%   

The loss ratio is the ratio of benefits and other changes in reserves less tabular interest on reserves less loss adjustment expenses to net earned premiums.

Net earned premiums decreased largely from policy terminations, partially offset by $17 million of increased premiums in the current year from in-force rate actions approved and implemented.

The loss ratio decreased largely related to the decrease in benefits and other changes in reserves, partially offset by the lower premiums as discussed above.

 

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Life insurance

The following table sets forth selected operating performance measures regarding our life insurance business as of or for the dates indicated:

 

     As of or for the three
months ended March 31,
     Increase
(decrease) and
percentage

change
 

(Amounts in millions)

   2019      2018      2019 vs. 2018  

Term and whole life insurance

           

Net earned premiums

   $ 81    $ 91    $ (10      (11 )% 

Life insurance in-force, net of reinsurance

     95,245      102,100      (6,855      (7 )% 

Life insurance in-force before reinsurance

     427,879      454,051      (26,172      (6 )% 

Term universal life insurance

           

Net deposits

   $ 58    $ 61    $ (3      (5 )% 

Life insurance in-force, net of reinsurance

     114,894      117,967      (3,073      (3 )% 

Life insurance in-force before reinsurance

     115,691      118,810      (3,119      (3 )% 

Universal life insurance

           

Net deposits

   $ 76    $ 132    $ (56      (42 )% 

Life insurance in-force, net of reinsurance

     34,961      36,472      (1,511      (4 )% 

Life insurance in-force before reinsurance

     39,785      41,642      (1,857      (4 )% 

Total life insurance

           

Net earned premiums and deposits

   $ 215    $ 284    $ (69      (24 )% 

Life insurance in-force, net of reinsurance

     245,100      256,539      (11,439      (4 )% 

Life insurance in-force before reinsurance

     583,355      614,503      (31,148      (5 )% 

We no longer solicit sales of our traditional life insurance products; however, we continue to service our existing blocks of business.

Term and whole life insurance

Net earned premiums and life insurance in-force decreased mainly attributable to the continued runoff of our term life insurance products in the current year. Earned premiums also decreased due to higher reinsurance rates in the current year.

Universal life insurance

Net deposits decreased primarily attributable to $50 million of funding agreements with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta in the prior year that did not recur and from the continued runoff of our in-force block in the current year.

 

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Fixed annuities

The following table sets forth selected operating performance measures regarding our fixed annuities business as of or for the dates indicated:

 

     As of or for the three
months ended March 31,
 

(Amounts in millions)

   2019      2018  

Account value, beginning of period

   $ 14,348    $ 16,401

Deposits

     29      22

Surrenders, benefits and product charges

     (516      (536
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net flows

     (487      (514

Interest credited and investment performance

     142      106

Effect of accumulated net unrealized investment gains (losses)

     106      (112
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Account value, end of period

   $ 14,109    $ 15,881
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

We no longer solicit sales of our traditional fixed annuity products; however, we continue to service our existing block of business.

Account value decreased compared to December 31, 2018 as surrenders and benefits exceeded interest credited and unrealized investment gains.

Runoff segment

Trends and conditions

Results of our Runoff segment are affected primarily by investment performance, interest rate levels, net interest spreads, equity market conditions, mortality, policyholder loan activity, policyholder surrenders and scheduled maturities. In addition, the results of our Runoff segment can significantly impact our operating performance, regulatory capital requirements, distributable earnings and liquidity.

We discontinued sales of our individual and group variable annuities in 2011; however, we continue to service our existing blocks of variable annuity business and accept additional deposits on existing contracts. Equity market volatility has caused fluctuations in the results of our variable annuity products and regulatory capital requirements. In the future, equity and interest rate market performance and volatility could result in additional gains or losses in our variable annuity products although associated hedging activities are expected to partially mitigate these impacts. Volatility in the results of our variable annuity products can result in favorable or unfavorable impacts on earnings and statutory capital. In addition to the use of hedging activities to help mitigate impacts related to equity market volatility and interest rate risks, in the future, we may consider reinsurance opportunities to further mitigate volatility in results and manage capital.

The results of our institutional products are impacted by scheduled maturities of the liabilities, credit and interest income performance on assets, as well as liquidity levels. While we do not actively sell institutional products, we may periodically issue funding agreements for asset-liability matching purposes.

Several factors may impact the time period for these products to runoff including the specific policy types, economic conditions and management strategies.

 

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Segment results of operations

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2018

The following table sets forth the results of operations relating to our Runoff segment for the periods indicated:

 

     Three months ended
March 31,
     Increase
(decrease) and
percentage
change
 

(Amounts in millions)

   2019      2018      2019 vs. 2018  

Revenues:

           

Net investment income

   $ 47    $ 42    $ 5      12

Net investment gains (losses)

     —          (14      14      100

Policy fees and other income

     35      40      (5      (13 )% 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total revenues

     82      68      14      21
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Benefits and expenses:

           

Benefits and other changes in policy reserves

     1      8      (7      (88 )% 

Interest credited

     41      37      4      11

Acquisition and operating expenses, net of deferrals

     13      15      (2      (13 )% 

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs and intangibles

     2      7      (5      (71 )% 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total benefits and expenses

     57      67      (10      (15 )% 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Income before income taxes

     25      1      24      NM  (1) 

Provision for income taxes

     5      —          5      NM  (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net income

     20      1      19      NM  (1) 

Adjustments to net income:

           

Net investment (gains) losses, net (2)

     —          12      (12      (100 )% 

Taxes on adjustments

     —          (3      3      100
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Adjusted operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

   $ 20    $ 10    $ 10      100
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1)

We define “NM” as not meaningful for increases or decreases greater than 200%.

(2)

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, net investment (gains) losses were adjusted for DAC and other intangible amortization and certain benefit reserves of $(2) million.

Adjusted operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

Adjusted operating income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders increased predominantly from favorable equity market performance in the current year.

Revenues

Net investment income increased mainly driven by higher policy loan income in our corporate-owned life insurance products in the current year.

Net investment losses in the prior year were largely related to derivative losses, partially offset by gains on embedded derivatives associated with our variable annuity products with guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits (“GMWBs”).

Policy fees and other income decreased principally from lower fee income driven mostly by a decline in the average account values in our variable annuity products in the current year.

 

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Benefits and expenses

Benefits and other changes in policy reserves decreased primarily attributable to lower GMDB reserves in our variable annuity products due to favorable equity market performance in the current year.

Interest credited increased largely related to higher account values in our corporate-owned life insurance products in the current year.

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs and intangible decreased related to our variable annuity products mainly from favorable equity market performance in the current year.

Provision for income taxes. The provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was primarily the result of higher pre-tax income.

Runoff selected operating performance measures

Variable annuity and variable life insurance products

The following table sets forth selected operating performance measures regarding our variable annuity and variable life insurance products as of or for the dates indicated:

 

     As of or for the three        
months ended March 31,         
 

(Amounts in millions)

   2019      2018  

Account value, beginning of period

   $ 4,918    $ 5,884

Deposits

     7      7

Surrenders, benefits and product charges

     (161      (208
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net flows

     (154      (201

Interest credited and investment performance

     349      (64
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Account value, end of period

   $ 5,113    $ 5,619
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

We no longer solicit sales of our variable annuity or variable life insurance products; however, we continue to service our existing blocks of business and accept additional deposits on existing contracts and policies.

Account value increased compared to December 31, 2018 primarily related to favorable equity market performance, partially offset by surrenders in the current year.

Institutional products

The following table sets forth selected operating performance measures regarding our institutional products as of or for the dates indicated:

 

     As of or for the three        
months ended March 31,        
 

(Amounts in millions)

   2019      2018  

Funding Agreements

     

Account value, beginning of period

   $ 381    $ 260

Surrenders and benefits

     (78      (76
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net flows

     (78      (76

Interest credited

     2      1
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Account value, end of period

   $ 305    $ 185
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Account value related to our institutional products decreased compared to December 31, 2018 mainly attributable to scheduled maturities of certain funding agreements in the current year.

Corporate and Other Activities

Results of operations

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2018

The following table sets forth the results of operations relating to Corporate and Other activities for the periods indicated:

 

     Three months ended
March 31,
     Increase
(decrease) and
percentage

change
 

(Amounts in millions)

   2019      2018      2019 vs. 2018  

Revenues:

           

Premiums

   $ 2    $ 2    $ —          —  

Net investment income

     3      2      1      50

Net investment gains (losses)

     (21      (1      (20      NM  (1) 

Policy fees and other income

     1      (2      3      150
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total revenues

     (15      1      (16      NM  (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Benefits and expenses:

           

Benefits and other changes in policy reserves

     1      1      —          —  

Acquisition and operating expenses, net of deferrals

     7      11      (4      (36 )% 

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs and intangibles

     —          1      (1      (100 )% 

Interest expense

     61      65      (4      (6 )% 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total benefits and expenses

     69      78      (9      (12 )% 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Loss before income taxes

     (84      (77      (7      (9 )% 

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

     5      (17      22      129
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net loss

     (89      (60      (29      (48 )% 

Adjustments to net loss:

           

Net investment (gains) losses

     21      1      20      NM  (1) 

Taxes on adjustments

     (5      —          (5      NM  (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Adjusted operating loss available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

   $ (73    $ (59    $ (14      (24 )% 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1) 

We define “NM” as not meaningful for increases or decreases greater than 200%.

Adjusted operating loss available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders

The adjusted operating loss available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders increased primarily related to $12 million of higher taxes in the current year associated with the GILTI provision of the TCJA and from $13 million of unfavorable provisional tax adjustments. These decreases were partially offset by lower interest expense and operating costs in the current year.

Revenues

Net investment losses increased predominantly from higher derivative losses in the current year.

Benefits and expenses

Acquisition and operating expenses, net of deferrals, decreased mainly driven by lower operating costs and a decrease in employee related expenses in the current year.

 

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Interest expense decreased largely driven by the redemption of $597 million of Genworth Holding’s senior notes in May 2018, partially offset by higher interest expense attributable to the term loan that Genworth Holdings closed in March 2018 and from our junior subordinated notes which had a higher floating rate of interest in the current year.

The effective tax rate decreased to (5.3)% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from 22.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The decrease was principally driven by a tax expense in the current year related to the GILTI provision of the TCJA and from unfavorable provisional tax adjustments in relation to a higher pre-tax loss. GILTI has an unfavorable impact on our current year tax provision due to the utilization of net operating loss carryforwards and projected taxable losses in the U.S. life insurance businesses without any offsetting foreign tax credit carryforwards. The unfavorable impact on the effective rate is expected to continue for the remainder of 2019 and into 2020.

Investments and Derivative Instruments

Trends and conditions

Investments—credit and investment markets

The U.S. Federal Reserve increased its benchmark lending rate four times in 2018. Ongoing global trade tensions, declining commodity prices, slower global growth and a negative inflation outlook drove the central bank to revise its interest rate path in the first quarter of 2019. The U.S. Federal Reserve now projects no rate increases in 2019 and forecasts one rate increase in 2020, a meaningful change from its December 2018 projection of two rate increases in 2019 and one in 2020. The U.S. Federal Reserve’s policy revision coupled with more accommodative monetary policies from non-U.S. central banks drove both domestic and foreign government bond yields lower in the first quarter of 2019, with short-term interest rate declines outpacing decreases in long-term interest rates. Portions of the U.S. Treasury yield curve inverted in late March 2019, as the yield on the U.S. 10-year Treasury note dipped below the yield on the 3-month Treasury bill, though subsequent to quarter end this inversion normalized. Credit markets generally recovered from spread widening seen in the fourth quarter of 2018, with spreads tightening in the first quarter of 2019 driven by healthy consumer demand, corporate profits, investor demand for bonds and lower government bond yields.

The nature, timing and implications of the United Kingdom’s proposed withdrawal from the European Union (“Brexit”) remain uncertain. On April 10, 2019, the European Union Council approved a negotiation extension with a deadline of October 31, 2019. While this extension removes the near-term risks of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union with neither a trade agreement nor a transition period in place, it still leaves many open items and uncertainties. Likewise, the United Kingdom will be required to participate in the European Union Parliamentary elections from May 23, 2019 through May 26, 2019 unless the United Kingdom Parliament approves a withdrawal package before that time.

Our investment portfolio maintains approximately $2.4 billion of United Kingdom exposure, or approximately 3% of total invested assets. We hold no direct United Kingdom sovereign exposure. These assets are almost exclusively fixed income instruments and are primarily U.S. dollar denominated.

While the ultimate range of Brexit outcomes could lead to potential credit devaluation or rating agency downgrades of our United Kingdom related exposures, at this time, we do not believe there is a material risk of investment impairments arising from the various Brexit scenarios.

As of March 31, 2019, our fixed maturities securities portfolio, which was 97% investment grade, comprised 85% of our total investment portfolio.

Derivatives

Several of our master swap agreements contain credit downgrade provisions that allow either party to assign or terminate derivative transactions if the other party’s long-term unsecured debt rating or financial strength

 

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rating is below the limit defined in the applicable agreement. Beginning in 2018, we renegotiated with many of our counterparties to remove the credit downgrade provisions from the master swap agreements entirely or replace it with a provision that allows the counterparty to terminate derivative transactions if the RBC ratio of the applicable insurance company goes below a certain threshold. As of March 31, 2019, no counterparty has any rights under a traditional ratings-based trigger and one counterparty has rights under the RBC trigger but has not exercised its right to terminate or revise the terms of its transactions with us.

As of March 31, 2019, $10.4 billion notional of our derivatives portfolio was cleared through the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (“CME”). The customer swap agreements that govern our cleared derivatives contain provisions that enable our clearing agents to request initial margin in excess of CME requirements. As of March 31, 2019, we posted initial margin of $233 million to our clearing agents, which represented approximately $70 million more than was otherwise required by the clearinghouse. Because our clearing agents serve as guarantors of our obligations to the CME, the customer agreements contain broad termination provisions that are not specifically dependent on ratings. As of March 31, 2019, $14.2 billion notional of our derivatives portfolio was in bilateral over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivative transactions pursuant to which we have posted aggregate independent amounts of $318 million and are holding collateral from counterparties in the amount of $74 million. We have notional of $3.0 billion in bilateral OTC derivatives where the counterparty has the right to terminate its transactions with us based on our current ratings. Given our current ratings, our ability to enter into new derivative transactions could be limited.

Investment results

The following table sets forth information about our investment income, excluding net investment gains (losses), for each component of our investment portfolio for the periods indicated:

 

     Three months ended March 31,     Increase (decrease)  
     2019     2018     2019 vs. 2018  

(Amounts in millions)

   Yield     Amount     Yield     Amount     Yield     Amount  

Fixed maturity securities—taxable

     4.5   $ 643     4.4   $ 635     0.1   $ 8

Fixed maturity securities—non-taxable

     6.1     2     3.7     3     2.4     (1

Equity securities

     5.6     9     5.1     10     0.5     (1

Commercial mortgage loans

     4.8     81     5.2     82     (0.4 )%      (1

Restricted commercial mortgage loans related to a securitization entity

     6.7     1     7.8     2     (1.1 )%      (1

Policy loans

     9.5     46     9.6     43     (0.1 )%      3

Other invested assets (1)

     33.5     59     39.6     39     (6.1 )%      20

Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments

     2.0     12     1.3     12     0.7     —    
    

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

 

Gross investment income before expenses and fees

     4.8     853     4.8     826     —       27

Expenses and fees

     (0.1 )%      (24     (0.2 )%      (22     0.1     (2
    

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

 

Net investment income

     4.7   $ 829     4.6   $ 804     0.1   $ 25
    

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

 

Average invested assets and cash

     $ 70,355     $ 70,699     $ (344
    

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

 

 

(1)

Investment income for other invested assets includes amortization of terminated cash flow hedges, which have no corresponding book value within the yield calculation.

Yields are based on net investment income as reported under U.S. GAAP and are consistent with how we measure our investment performance for management purposes. Yields are annualized, for interim periods, and are calculated as net investment income as a percentage of average quarterly asset carrying values except for fixed maturity securities, derivatives and derivative counterparty collateral, which exclude unrealized fair value adjustments, and securities lending activity, which is included in other invested assets and is calculated net of the corresponding securities lending liability.

 

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For the three months ended March 31, 2019, annualized weighted-average investment yields increased slightly primarily attributable to $13 million of higher limited partnership income, partially offset by lower average invested assets.

The following table sets forth net investment gains (losses) for the periods indicated:

 

     Three months ended
March 31,
 

(Amounts in millions)

   2019      2018  

Available-for-sale securities:

     

Realized gains

   $ 81    $ 7

Realized losses

     (22      (16
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net realized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities

     59      (9
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Impairments:

     

Total other-than-temporary impairments

     —          —    

Portion of other-than-temporary impairments recognized in other comprehensive income

     —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net realized gains (losses) on equity securities sold

     3      2

Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities still held

     8      (18

Limited partnerships

     15      7

Commercial mortgage loans

     (1      —    

Derivative instruments

     (10      (13
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net investment gains (losses)

   $ 74    $ (31
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2018

 

   

We recorded net realized gains of $59 million related to the sale of available-for-sale securities primarily driven by the sale of Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities, cash tenders and investment exchanges from merger and acquisition activity compared to $9 million of net losses during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

 

   

The change in net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities is largely related to favorable equity market performance in the current year compared to a slightly unfavorable equity market in the prior year.

 

   

We recorded higher net gains on limited partnership investments in the current year principally from favorable equity market performance.

 

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Investment portfolio

The following table sets forth our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and invested assets as of the dates indicated:

 

     March 31, 2019     December 31, 2018  

(Amounts in millions)

   Carrying value      % of total     Carrying value      % of total  

Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale:

          

Public

   $ 42,585      57   $ 41,857      58

Private

     18,775      25     17,804      25

Equity securities

     635      1     655      1

Commercial mortgage loans

     6,929      9     6,687      8

Restricted commercial mortgage loans related to a securitization entity

     59      —         62      —    

Policy loans

     1,994      3     1,861      3

Other invested assets

     1,208      2     1,188      2

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

     2,221      3     2,177      3
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and invested assets

   $ 74,406      100   $ 72,291      100
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

For a discussion of the change in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and invested assets, see the comparison for this line item under “—Consolidated Balance Sheets.” See note 4 in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements under “Item 1—Financial Statements” for additional information related to our investment portfolio.

We hold fixed maturity and equity securities, derivatives, embedded derivatives, securities held as collateral and certain other financial instruments, which are carried at fair value. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As of March 31, 2019, approximately 6% of our investment holdings recorded at fair value were based on significant inputs that were not market observable and were classified as Level 3 measurements. See note 6 in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements under “Item 1—Financial Statements” for additional information related to fair value.

 

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Fixed maturity securities

As of March 31, 2019, the amortized cost or cost, gross unrealized gains (losses) and fair value of our fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale were as follows:

 

          Gross unrealized gains     Gross unrealized losses        

(Amounts in millions)

  Amortized
cost or
cost
    Not other-than-
temporarily
impaired
    Other-than-
temporarily
impaired
    Not other-than-
temporarily
impaired
    Other-than-
temporarily
impaired
    Fair
value
 

Fixed maturity securities:

           

U.S. government, agencies and government-sponsored enterprises

  $ 4,116   $ 619   $ —       $ (4   $ —       $ 4,731

State and political subdivisions

    2,329     223     —         (6     —         2,546

Non-U.S. government

    2,403     121     —         (6     —         2,518

U.S. corporate:

           

Utilities

    4,296     426     —         (37     —         4,685

Energy

    2,447     186     —         (15     —         2,618

Finance and insurance

    6,883     405     —         (37     —         7,251

Consumer—non-cyclical

    4,905     407     —         (55     —         5,257

Technology and communications

    2,832     161     —         (19     —         2,974

Industrial

    1,194     67     —         (12     —         1,249

Capital goods

    2,283     225     —         (19     —         2,489

Consumer—cyclical

    1,579     83     —         (16     —         1,646

Transportation

    1,271     107     —         (16     —         1,362

Other

    379     33     —         (1     —         411
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total U.S. corporate

    28,069     2,100     —         (227     —         29,942
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-U.S. corporate:

           

Utilities

    1,100     36     —         (9     —         1,127

Energy

    1,327     124     —         (4     —         1,447

Finance and insurance

    2,434     129     —         (9     —         2,554

Consumer—non-cyclical

    699     19     —         (9     —         709

Technology and communications

    1,151     52     —         (6     —         1,197

Industrial

    920     56     —         (3     —         973

Capital goods

    644     21     —         (3     —         662

Consumer—cyclical

    537     8     —         (4     —         541

Transportation

    756     65     —         (6     —         815

Other

    2,127     139     —         (6     —         2,260
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total non-U.S. corporate

    11,695     649     —         (59     —         12,285
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Residential mortgage-backed (1)

    2,762     181     13     (6     —         2,950

Commercial mortgage-backed

    2,946     64     —         (48     —         2,962

Other asset-backed

    3,422     18     1     (15     —         3,426
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total available-for-sale fixed maturity securities

  $ 57,742   $ 3,975   $ 14   $ (371   $ —       $ 61,360
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1)

Fair value included $18 million collateralized by Alt-A residential mortgage loans and $22 million collateralized by sub-prime residential mortgage loans.

 

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As of December 31, 2018, the amortized cost or cost, gross unrealized gains (losses) and fair value of our fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale were as follows:

 

          Gross unrealized gains     Gross unrealized losses        
    Amortized     Not other-than-     Other-than-     Not other-than-     Other-than-        
    cost or     temporarily     temporarily     temporarily     temporarily     Fair  

(Amounts in millions)

  cost     impaired     impaired     impaired     impaired     value  

Fixed maturity securities:

           

U.S. government, agencies and government-sponsored enterprises

  $ 4,175   $ 473   $ —       $ (17   $ —       $ 4,631

State and political subdivisions

    2,406     168     —         (22     —         2,552

Non-U.S. government

    2,345     72     —         (24     —         2,393

U.S. corporate:

           

Utilities

    4,439     331     —         (95     —         4,675

Energy

    2,382     101     —         (64     —         2,419

Finance and insurance

    6,705     249     —         (132     —         6,822

Consumer—non-cyclical

    4,891     294     —         (137     —         5,048

Technology and communications

    2,823     110     —         (78     —         2,855

Industrial

    1,230     41     —         (33     —         1,238

Capital goods

    2,277     165     —         (51     —         2,391

Consumer—cyclical

    1,592     53     —         (48     —         1,597

Transportation

    1,283     78     —         (41     —         1,320

Other

    376     24     —         (3     —         397
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total U.S. corporate

    27,998     1,446     —         (682     —         28,762
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-U.S. corporate:

           

Utilities

    1,056     17     —         (32     —         1,041

Energy

    1,320     72     —         (23     —         1,369

Finance and insurance

    2,391     72     —         (40     —         2,423

Consumer—non-cyclical

    756     8     —         (25     —         739

Technology and communications

    1,168     23     —         (26     —         1,165

Industrial

    926     36     —         (17     —         945

Capital goods

    615     10     —         (10     —         615

Consumer—cyclical

    532     1     —         (13     —         520

Transportation

    689     46     —         (15     —         720

Other

    2,218     105     —         (23     —         2,300
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total non-U.S. corporate

    11,671     390     —         (224     —         11,837
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Residential mortgage-backed (1)

    2,888     160     13     (17     —         3,044

Commercial mortgage-backed

    3,054     43     —         (81     —         3,016

Other asset-backed

    3,444     10     1     (29     —         3,426
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total available-for-sale fixed maturity securities

  $ 57,981   $ 2,762   $ 14   $ (1,096   $ —       $ 59,661
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1)

Fair value included $19 million collateralized by Alt-A residential mortgage loans and $22 million collateralized by sub-prime residential mortgage loans.

Fixed maturity securities increased by $1.7 billion compared to December 31, 2018 principally from higher net unrealized gains attributable to a decrease in interest rates in the current year.

 

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Commercial mortgage loans

The following tables set forth additional information regarding our commercial mortgage loans as of the dates indicated:

 

     March 31, 2019  

(Dollar amounts in millions)

   Total recorded
investment
     Number of
loans
     Loan-to-value (1)     Delinquent
principal balance
     Number of
delinquent
loans
 

Loan Year

             

2008 and prior

   $ 1,264      443      39   $ 3      1

2009

     —          —          —       —          —    

2010

     48      10      37     —          —    

2011

     186      45      40     —          —    

2012

     462      80      45     —          —    

2013

     643      120      48     —          —    

2014

     754      131      52     —          —    

2015

     871      139      58     —          —    

2016

     547      95      61     —          —    

2017

     764      143      66     —          —    

2018

     1,035      165      69     —          —    

2019

     369      40      73     —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

      

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 6,943      1,411      55   $ 3      1
  

 

 

    

 

 

      

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) 

Represents weighted-average loan-to-value as of March 31, 2019.

 

     December 31, 2018  

(Dollar amounts in millions)

   Total recorded
investment
     Number of
loans
     Loan-to-value (1)     Delinquent
principal balance
     Number of
delinquent
loans
 

Loan Year

             

2008 and prior

   $ 1,310      459      39   $ 3      1

2009

     —          —          —       —          —    

2010

     50      11      37     —          —    

2011

     193      46      41     —          —    

2012

     476      81      45     —          —    

2013

     656      122      48     3      1

2014

     772      133      53     —          —    

2015

     877      139      58     —          —    

2016

     553      96      61     —          —    

2017

     773      144      66     —          —    

2018

     1,040      165      69     —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

      

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 6,700      1,396      54   $ 6      2
  

 

 

    

 

 

      

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) 

Represents weighted-average loan-to-value as of December 31, 2018.

 

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Other invested assets

The following table sets forth the carrying values of our other invested assets as of the dates indicated:

 

     March 31, 2019     December 31, 2018  

(Amounts in millions)

   Carrying value      % of total     Carrying value      % of total  

Limited partnerships

   $ 462      38   $ 409      34

Bank loan investments

     294      25     248      21

Derivatives

     187      15     178      15

Short-term investments

     139      12     230      19

Securities lending collateral

     106      9     102      9

Other investments

     20      1     21      2
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total other invested assets

   $ 1,208      100   $ 1,188      100
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Limited partnerships increased from additional capital investments and from net unrealized gains, partially offset by return of capital on our investments in the current year. Short-term investments decreased principally due to net sales and maturities in our Australia and Canada Mortgage Insurance segments in the current year.

 

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Derivatives

The activity associated with derivative instruments can generally be measured by the change in notional value over the periods presented. However, for GMWB, fixed index annuity embedded derivatives and indexed universal life embedded derivatives, the change between periods is best illustrated by the number of policies. The following tables represent activity associated with derivative instruments as of the dates indicated:

 

(Notional in millions)

   Measurement      December 31,
2018
     Additions      Maturities/
terminations
    March 31,
2019
 

Derivatives designated as hedges

             

Cash flow hedges:

             

Interest rate swaps

     Notional      $ 9,924    $ —        $ (654   $ 9,270

Foreign currency swaps

     Notional        80      35      (22     93
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total cash flow hedges

        10,004      35      (676     9,363
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total derivatives designated as hedges

        10,004      35      (676     9,363
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Derivatives not designated as hedges

             

Interest rate swaps

     Notional        4,674      —          —         4,674

Interest rate swaps in a foreign currency

     Notional        2,565      98      (44     2,619

Interest rate caps and floors

     Notional        2,624      84      (38     2,670

Foreign currency swaps

     Notional        453      —          (2     451

Equity index options

     Notional        2,628      503      (580     2,551

Financial futures

     Notional        1,415      1,759      (1,968     1,206

Equity return swaps

     Notional        17      1      —         18

Other foreign currency contracts

     Notional        1,080      1,386      (1,414     1,052
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total derivatives not designated as hedges

        15,456      3,831      (4,046     15,241
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total derivatives

      $ 25,460    $ 3,866    $ (4,722   $ 24,604
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Number of policies)

   Measurement      December 31,
2018
     Additions      Maturities/
terminations
    March 31,
2019
 

Derivatives not designated as hedges

             

GMWB embedded derivatives

     Policies        27,886      —          (577     27,309

Fixed index annuity embedded derivatives

     Policies        16,464      —          (213     16,251

Indexed universal life embedded derivatives

     Policies        929      —          (11     918

The decrease in the notional value of derivatives was primarily attributable to terminations of interest rate swaps that support our long-term care insurance business, partially offset by interest rate swaps in a foreign currency and interest rate caps and floors related to our hedging strategy to mitigate interest rate risk associated with our regulatory capital position.

The number of policies related to our embedded derivatives decreased as these products are no longer being offered and continue to runoff.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Total assets. Total assets increased $1,265 million from $100,923 million as of December 31, 2018 to $102,188 million as of March 31, 2019.

 

   

Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and invested assets increased $2,115 million primarily from increases of $1,699 million, $239 million and $133 million in fixed maturity securities, commercial mortgage loans and policy loans, respectively. The increase in fixed maturity securities was

 

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predominantly related to higher market values as a result of a decrease in interest rates, partially offset by net sales of fixed maturity securities in the current year. Commercial mortgage loans increased from higher originations and lower prepayments in the current year. The increase in policy loans was principally driven by new loans offered through our corporate-owned life insurance policies collateralized by the cash surrender value of the policy.

 

   

DAC decreased $1,044 million predominantly related to our U.S. Life Insurance segment. We are required to analyze the impacts from net unrealized investment gains and losses on our available-for-sale investment securities backing insurance liabilities, as if those unrealized investment gains and losses were realized. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, due primarily to a decrease in interest rates increasing unrealized investment gains, we decreased the DAC balance of our U.S. Life Insurance segment by $975 million, resulting in a cumulative decrease of $1,470 million to the DAC balance as of March 31, 2019, with an offsetting amount recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). The decrease was also attributable to amortization, net of interest and deferrals, in our U.S. Life Insurance segment in the current year.

 

   

Deferred tax asset decreased $163 million primarily due to higher unrealized gains on investments and derivatives in the current year.

 

   

Separate account assets increased $351 million primarily due to favorable equity market performance, partially offset by net cash outflows mostly in our variable annuity business as the business continues to run off.

Total liabilities. Total liabilities increased $572 million from $86,734 million as of December 31, 2018 to $87,306 million as of March 31, 2019.

 

   

Future policy benefits increased $429 million primarily driven by our long-term insurance business largely from aging of the in-force block. In addition, as discussed above, the decrease in interest rates increased our unrealized investments gains. As a result, we increased future policy benefits by approximately $306 million, mostly in our long-term care insurance business, with an offsetting amount recorded in other comprehensive income (loss).

 

   

Policyholder account balances decreased $317 million largely as a result of surrenders and benefits in our fixed annuities business and from scheduled maturities of certain funding agreements in our institutional products in the current year.

 

   

Liability for policy and contract claims increased $157 million due principally to our long-term care insurance business primarily from aging of the in-force block (including higher frequency of new claims) and higher severity of new claims, partially offset by favorable development on prior year incurred but not reported claims and favorable claim terminations in the current year. These increases were partially offset by lower delinquencies in our U.S. mortgage insurance business, along with timing differences in claim disbursements and lower claim frequency in our life insurance products in the current year.

Total equity. Total equity increased $693 million from $14,189 million as of December 31, 2018 to $14,882 million as of March 31, 2019.

 

   

We reported net income available to Genworth Financial, Inc.’s common stockholders of $174 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

 

   

Net unrealized gains (losses) and derivatives qualifying as hedges increased $348 million and $69 million, respectively, primarily from a decrease in interest rates in the current year.

 

   

Noncontrolling interests increased $69 million predominantly related to total comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests of $111 million, partially offset by dividends to noncontrolling interests of $28 million and the repurchase of shares of $12 million in the current year.

 

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity and capital resources represent our overall financial strength and our ability to generate cash flows from our businesses, borrow funds at competitive rates and raise new capital to meet our operating and growth needs.

Genworth and subsidiaries

The following table sets forth our unaudited condensed consolidated cash flows for the three months ended March 31:

 

(Amounts in millions)

   2019      2018  

Net cash from operating activities

   $ 134    $ 109

Net cash from (used by) investing activities

     277      (167

Net cash from (used by) financing activities

     (375      47
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net increase (decrease) in cash before foreign exchange effect

   $ 36    $ (11
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Our principal sources of cash include sales of our products and services, income from our investment portfolio and proceeds from sales of investments. As an insurance business, we typically generate positive cash flows from operating activities, as premiums collected from our insurance products and income received from our investments typically exceed policy acquisition costs, benefits paid, redemptions and operating expenses. Our cash flows from operating activities are affected by the timing of premiums, fees and investment income received and benefits and expenses paid. Positive cash flows from operating activities are then invested to support the obligations of our insurance and investment products and required capital supporting these products. In analyzing our cash flow, we focus on the change in the amount of cash available and used in investing activities. Changes in cash from financing activities primarily relate to the issuance of, and redemptions and benefit payments on, universal life insurance and investment contracts; deposits from Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLBs”); the issuance and acquisition of debt and equity securities; the issuance and repayment or repurchase of borrowings and non-recourse funding obligations; and other capital transactions.

We had higher cash inflows from operating activities in the current year mainly attributable to posting lower collateral with counterparties related to our derivative positions and lower tax payments, partially offset by new policy loans issued in our corporate-owned life insurance product in the current year.

We had cash inflows from investing activities in the current year mainly driven by net sales of fixed maturity and equity securities, partially offset by commercial mortgage loan originations outpacing repayments. We had cash outflows from investing activities in the prior year primarily driven by commercial mortgage loan originations and net purchases of fixed maturity securities, partially offset by net sales of short-term investments.

We had cash outflows from financing activities in the current year principally driven by net withdrawals from our investment contracts. We had cash inflows from financing activities in the prior year largely from $441 million of net proceeds from the term loan closed in March 2018, partially offset by net withdrawals from our investment contracts.

In the United States and Canada, we engage in certain securities lending transactions for the purpose of enhancing the yield on our investment securities portfolio. We maintain effective control over all loaned securities and, therefore, continue to report such securities as fixed maturity securities on the consolidated balance sheets. We are currently indemnified against counterparty credit risk by the intermediary.

Genworth—holding company

Genworth Financial and Genworth Holdings each act as a holding company for their respective subsidiaries and do not have any significant operations of their own. Dividends from their respective subsidiaries, payments

 

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to them under tax sharing and expense reimbursement arrangements with their subsidiaries and proceeds from borrowings or securities issuances are their principal sources of cash to meet their obligations. Insurance laws and regulations regulate the payment of dividends and other distributions to Genworth Financial and Genworth Holdings by their insurance subsidiaries. We expect dividends paid by the insurance subsidiaries will vary depending on strategic objectives, regulatory requirements and business performance.

The primary uses of funds at Genworth Financial and Genworth Holdings include payment of holding company general operating expenses (including taxes), payment of principal, interest and other expenses on current and any future borrowings, payments under current and any future guarantees (including guarantees of certain subsidiary obligations), payment of amounts owed to GE under the Tax Matters Agreement, payments to subsidiaries (and, in the case of Genworth Holdings, to Genworth Financial) under tax sharing agreements, contributions to subsidiaries, repurchases of debt securities and, in the case of Genworth Holdings, loans, dividends or other distributions to Genworth Financial. In deploying future capital, important current priorities include focusing on our mortgage insurance businesses so they remain appropriately capitalized and accelerating progress on reducing overall indebtedness of Genworth Holdings. We may from time to time seek to repurchase or redeem outstanding notes for cash (with cash on hand, proceeds from the issuance of new debt and/or the proceeds from asset or stock sales) in open market purchases, tender offers, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. We currently seek to address our indebtedness over time through repurchases, redemptions and/or repayments at maturity.

Our Board of Directors has suspended the payment of stockholder dividends on our Genworth Financial common stock indefinitely. The declaration and payment of future dividends to holders of our common stock will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will be dependent on many factors including the receipt of dividends from our operating subsidiaries, our financial condition and operating results, the capital requirements of our subsidiaries, legal requirements, regulatory constraints, our debt obligations, our credit and financial strength ratings and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant. In addition, our Board of Directors has suspended repurchases of our Genworth Financial common stock under our stock repurchase program indefinitely. The resumption of our stock repurchase program will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors.

Genworth Holdings had $361 million and $429 million of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, which included approximately $16 million of restricted cash in each period. Genworth Holdings also held $44 million and $75 million in U.S. government securities as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, which included approximately $37 million and $42 million, respectively, of restricted assets. The $405 million of cash and liquid assets as of March 31, 2019 is below our targeted cash buffer of two times expected annual external debt interest payments, as described below. In addition, Genworth Holdings has an intercompany note with a principal amount of $200 million due on March 31, 2020.

During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we received common stock dividends from our international subsidiaries of $47 million and $63 million, respectively. Dividends in the first quarter of 2019 included proceeds of $14 million that we received through our participation in Normal Course Issuer Bid (“NCIB”) transactions completed by Genworth MI Canada Inc. (“Genworth Canada”) during the fourth quarter of 2018.

Regulated insurance subsidiaries

The liquidity requirements of our regulated insurance subsidiaries principally relate to the liabilities associated with their various insurance and investment products, operating costs and expenses, the payment of dividends to us, contributions to their subsidiaries, payment of principal and interest on their outstanding debt obligations and income taxes. Liabilities arising from insurance and investment products include the payment of benefits, as well as cash payments in connection with policy surrenders and withdrawals, policy loans and obligations to redeem funding agreements.

 

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Our insurance subsidiaries have used cash flows from operations and investment activities to fund their liquidity requirements. Our insurance subsidiaries’ principal cash inflows from operating activities are derived from premiums, annuity deposits and insurance and investment product fees and other income, including commissions, cost of insurance, mortality, expense and surrender charges, contract underwriting fees, investment management fees and dividends and distributions from their subsidiaries. The principal cash inflows from investment activities result from repayments of principal, investment income and, as necessary, sales of invested assets.

Our insurance subsidiaries maintain investment strategies intended to provide adequate funds to pay benefits without forced sales of investments. Products having liabilities with longer durations, such as certain life insurance and long-term care insurance policies, are matched with investments having similar duration such as long-term fixed maturity securities and commercial mortgage loans. Shorter-term liabilities are matched with fixed maturity securities that have short- and medium-term fixed maturities. In addition, our insurance subsidiaries hold highly liquid, high quality short-term investment securities and other liquid investment grade fixed maturity securities to fund anticipated operating expenses, surrenders and withdrawals. As of March 31, 2019, our total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and invested assets were $74.4 billion. Our investments in privately placed fixed maturity securities, commercial mortgage loans, policy loans, limited partnership investments and select mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities are relatively illiquid. These asset classes represented approximately 38% of the carrying value of our total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and invested assets as of March 31, 2019.

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our U.S. mortgage insurance business was compliant with the PMIERs capital requirements, with a prudent buffer. Reinsurance transactions provided an aggregate of approximately $490 million of PMIERs capital credit as of March 31, 2019. Our U.S. mortgage insurance business may execute future capital transactions to maintain a prudent level of financial flexibility in excess of the PMIERs capital requirements given the dynamic nature of asset valuations and requirement changes over time, including additional reinsurance transactions and contributions of holding company cash.

In February 2019, Genworth Mortgage Insurance Australia Limited (“Genworth Australia”) announced its intention to commence an on-market share buy-back program for shares up to a maximum aggregate amount of AUD$100 million. The purchase of 38.6 million shares pursuant to this buy-back is covered by shareholder approval obtained in 2018. The remaining shares to be repurchased pursuant to this buy-back will be subject to shareholder approval at its Annual General Meeting on May 9, 2019. The total number of shares to be purchased by Genworth Australia under the program will depend on business and market conditions, the prevailing share price, market volumes and other considerations. In the first quarter of 2019, Genworth Australia repurchased approximately 12 million shares for AUD$29 million. As the majority shareholder, we participated in on-market sales transactions during the buy-back period to maintain our ownership position of approximately 52.1% and received $9 million in cash, $5 million of which was paid to Genworth Holdings as a dividend in the first quarter of 2019 with the remainder expected to be paid as a dividend to Genworth Holdings in the second quarter of 2019. If Genworth Australia decides to repurchase additional shares through the buy-back program, we plan to participate in order to maintain our ownership at its current level.

In April 2019, Genworth Canada announced acceptance by the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) of its Notice of Intention to Make an NCIB. Pursuant to the NCIB, Genworth Canada may, if considered advisable, purchase from time to time through May 6, 2020, up to an aggregate of approximately 4.4 million of its issued and outstanding common shares. If Genworth Canada decides to purchase shares through the NCIB, we intend to participate in order to maintain our overall ownership at its current level.

Capital resources and financing activities

We believe existing cash held at Genworth Holdings combined with dividends from operating subsidiaries, payments under tax sharing and expense reimbursement arrangements with subsidiaries, proceeds from

 

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borrowings or securities issuances, and if necessary, sales of assets, as described below, will provide us with sufficient capital flexibility and liquidity to meet our projected future operating and financing requirements. We actively monitor our liquidity position, liquidity generation options and the credit markets given changing market conditions. Our cash management target is to maintain a cash buffer of two times expected annual external debt interest payments. During the first quarter of 2019, we fell below our targeted cash buffer by approximately $100 million mostly due to semi-annual interest payments and from the timing of certain cash payouts related to employee compensation expenses. We may move below or above our targeted cash buffer during any given quarter due to the timing of cash outflows and inflows or from future actions. We continue to evaluate our target level of liquidity as circumstances warrant. Additionally, we will continue to evaluate market influences on the valuation of our senior debt and may consider additional opportunities to repurchase our debt over time. We cannot predict with any certainty the impact to us from any future disruptions in the credit markets or the recent or any further downgrades by one or more of the rating agencies of the financial strength ratings of our insurance company subsidiaries and/or the credit ratings of our holding companies. In the absence of the transaction with China Oceanwide, we may need to pursue asset sales to address our debt maturities in 2020 and thereafter, including potential sales of our mortgage insurance businesses in Canada and Australia. We have and would continue to evaluate options to insulate our U.S. mortgage insurance business from additional ratings pressure, including a potential partial sale, in the event the transaction with China Oceanwide cannot be completed. The availability of additional funding will depend on a variety of factors such as market conditions, regulatory considerations, the general availability of credit, the overall availability of credit to the financial services industry, the level of activity and availability of reinsurance, our credit ratings and credit capacity and the performance of and outlook for our business. For a discussion of certain risks associated with our liquidity, see “Item 1A—Risk Factors—Our internal sources of liquidity may be insufficient to meet our needs and our access to capital may be limited or unavailable. Under such conditions, we may seek additional capital but may be unable to obtain it” in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Contractual obligations and commercial commitments

There have been no material additions or changes to our contractual obligations as compared to the amounts disclosed within our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2019. For additional details related to our commitments, see note 10 in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements under “Item 1—Financial Statements.

Securitization Entities

There were no off-balance sheet securitization transactions during the three months ended March 31, 2019 or 2018.

New Accounting Standards

For a discussion of recently adopted accounting standards, see note 2 in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements under “Item 1—Financial Statements.”

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk is the risk of the loss of fair value resulting from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and equity prices. Market risk is directly influenced by the volatility and liquidity in the markets in which the related underlying financial instruments are traded. Except as disclosed below, there were no other material changes in our market risks since December 31, 2018. See “—Business trends and conditions” and “—Investments and Derivative Instruments” in “Item 2—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for further discussion of recent market conditions, including changes in interest rates.

We are exposed to foreign currency exchange risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates against the U.S. dollar resulting from our international operations and non-U.S.-denominated

 

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securities. Our primary international operations are located in Canada and Australia. The assets and liabilities of our international operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date, while revenues and expenses of our international operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the average rates of exchange during the period of the transaction. In general, the weakening of the U.S. dollar results in higher levels of reported assets, liabilities, revenues and net income. As of March 31, 2019, the U.S. dollar weakened against the currencies in Canada and Australia compared to the balance sheet rate as of December 31, 2018. In the first quarter of 2019, the U.S. dollar strengthened against the currencies in Canada and Australia compared to their respective average rates in the first quarter of 2018. See “Item 2—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for further discussion on the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of March 31, 2019, an evaluation was conducted under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2019.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting During the Quarter Ended March 31, 2019

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, there have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

See note 10 in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements under “Part 1—Item 1—Financial Statements” for a description of material pending litigation and regulatory matters affecting us.

 

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

The discussion of our business and operations should be read together with the risk factors contained in Item 1A of our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which together describe various risks and uncertainties to which we are or may become subject. These risks and uncertainties have the potential to affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, strategies or prospects in a material and adverse manner. There have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in the above-referenced filing as of March 31, 2019.

 

Item 6.

Exhibits

 

Number

  

Description

    2.1    Tenth Waiver and Agreement, dated as of April 29, 2019, by and among Genworth Financial, Inc., Asia Pacific Global Capital Co., Ltd., and Asia Pacific Global Capital USA Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 29, 2019)
  31.1    Certification of Thomas J. McInerney (filed herewith)
  31.2    Certification of Kelly L. Groh (filed herewith)
  32.1    Certification Pursuant to Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code— Thomas J. McInerney (filed herewith)

 

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Number

  

Description

  32.2    Certification Pursuant to Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code— Kelly L. Groh (filed herewith)
101.INS    XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

   

GENWORTH FINANCIAL, INC.

(Registrant)

Date: May 1, 2019      
    By:  

/s/ Matthew D. Farney

     

Matthew D. Farney

Vice President and Controller

(Principal Accounting Officer)

 

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