Form 10-K
Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-K

 

 

(Mark One)

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012

or

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File Number 001-34791

 

 

 

LOGO

MagnaChip Semiconductor Corporation

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   83-0406195

(State or Other Jurisdiction of

Incorporation or Organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

c/o MagnaChip Semiconductor S.A.

74, rue de Merl, B.P. 709 L-2146 Luxembourg R.C.S.

Luxembourg B97483

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (352) 45-62-62

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class

 

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share   New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

 

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    ¨  Yes    x  No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    ¨  Yes    x  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    x  Yes    ¨  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files.    x  Yes    ¨  No

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large Accelerated Filer   ¨    Accelerated Filer   x
Non-Accelerated Filer   ¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)    Smaller Reporting Company   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    ¨  Yes    x  No

State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter. $214,627,198

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.    x  Yes    ¨  No

As of January 31, 2013, the registrant had 35,710,354 shares of common stock outstanding.

 

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement relating to its 2013 annual meeting of stockholders (the “2013 Proxy Statement”) are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K where indicated. The 2013 Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

MAGNACHIP SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

FORM 10-K FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

             Page  

PART I

      
  Item 1.  

Business

     2   
  Item 1A.  

Risk Factors

     18   
  Item 1B.  

Unresolved Staff Comments

     34   
  Item 2.  

Properties

     34   
  Item 3.  

Legal Proceedings

     35   
  Item 4.  

Mine Safety Disclosures

     35   

PART II

      
  Item 5.  

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

     36   
  Item 6.  

Selected Financial Data

     39   
  Item 7.  

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

     46   
  Item 7A.  

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

     79   
  Item 8.  

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

     81   
  Item 9.  

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

     127   
  Item 9A.  

Controls and Procedures

     127   
  Item 9B.  

Other Information

     128   

PART III

      
  Item 10.  

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

     129   
  Item 11.  

Executive Compensation

     129   
  Item 12.  

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

     129   
  Item 13.  

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

     129   
  Item 14.  

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

     129   

PART IV

      
  Item 15.  

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

     130   

SIGNATURES

     135   

EXHIBIT INDEX

  

 

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PART I

INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA

In this Report, we rely on and refer to information regarding the semiconductor market from Gartner, Inc., or Gartner. Market data attributed to Gartner is from “Semiconductor Forecast Database, Worldwide, 4Q12 Update.” Although we believe that this information is reliable, we have not independently verified it. We do not have any obligation to announce or otherwise make publicly available updates or revisions to forecasts contained in these documents. In addition, in many cases, we have made statements in this Report regarding our industry and our position in the industry based on our experience in the industry and our own investigation of market conditions.

Statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Report”), unless the context otherwise requires, include the use of the terms “we,” “us,” “our” and “MagnaChip” refer to MagnaChip Semiconductor Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. The term “Korea” refers to the Republic of Korea or South Korea.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

We have made certain “forward-looking” statements in this Report within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), that involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements give our current expectations and projections relating to our financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance and business. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. These statements may include words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe” and other words and terms of similar meaning in connection with any discussion of the timing or nature of future operating or financial performance or other events. All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this Report that address activities, events or developments that we expect, believe or anticipate will or may occur in the future are forward-looking statements.

These forward-looking statements are largely based on our expectations and beliefs concerning future events, which reflect estimates and assumptions made by our management. These estimates and assumptions reflect our best judgment based on currently known market conditions and other factors relating to our operations and business environment, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. Although we believe our estimates and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently uncertain and involve a number of risks and uncertainties that are beyond our control. In addition, management’s assumptions about future events may prove to be inaccurate. Management cautions all readers that the forward-looking statements contained in this Report are not guarantees of future performance, and we cannot assure any reader that those statements will be realized or the forward-looking events and circumstances will occur. Actual results may differ materially from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements due to the factors listed in the “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business” sections and elsewhere in this Report.

All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Report. We do not intend to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements as a result of new information or future events or otherwise, except as required by law. These cautionary statements qualify all forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf.

 

 

“MagnaChip” is a registered trademark of us and our subsidiaries and “MagnaChip Everywhere” is our registered trademark and service mark. All other product, service and company names mentioned in this Report are the service marks or trademarks of their respective owners.

 

 

 

 

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Item 1. Business

General

We are a Korea-based designer and manufacturer of analog and mixed-signal semiconductor products for high-volume consumer applications. We believe we have one of the broadest and deepest analog and mixed-signal semiconductor technology platforms in the industry, supported by our 30-year operating history, large portfolio of approximately 3,170 registered novel patents and 140 pending novel patent applications, and extensive engineering and manufacturing process expertise. Our business is comprised of three key segments: Display Solutions, Power Solutions and Semiconductor Manufacturing Services. Our Display Solutions products include display drivers that cover a wide range of flat panel displays and mobile multimedia devices. Our Power Solutions products include discrete and integrated circuit solutions for power management in high-volume consumer applications. Our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services segment provides specialty analog and mixed-signal foundry services for fabless semiconductor companies that serve the consumer, computing and wireless end markets.

Our wide variety of analog and mixed-signal semiconductor products and manufacturing services combined with our deep technology platform allows us to address multiple high-growth end markets and to rapidly develop and introduce new products and services in response to market demands. Our substantial manufacturing operations and design center in Korea place us at the core of the global consumer electronics supply chain. We believe this enables us to quickly and efficiently respond to our customers’ needs and allows us to better service and capture additional demand from existing and new customers.

We have a long history of supplying and collaborating on product and technology development with leading innovators in the consumer electronics market. As a result, we have been able to strengthen our technology platform and develop products and services that are in high demand by our customers and end consumers. We sold over 2,200 distinct products in each of the years ended December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, with a substantial portion of our revenues derived from a concentrated number of customers. Our largest Semiconductor Manufacturing Services customers include some of the fastest growing and leading semiconductor companies that design analog and mixed-signal products for the consumer, computing and wireless end markets.

Our business is largely driven by innovation in the consumer electronics markets and the growing adoption by consumers worldwide of electronic devices for use in their daily lives. The consumer electronics market is large and growing rapidly, largely due to consumers increasingly accessing a wide variety of available rich media content, such as high definition audio and video, mobile television and games on advanced consumer electronic devices. According to Gartner, production of liquid crystal display, or LCD televisions, smartphones, ultrabooks, and tablet PCs is expected to grow from 2012 to 2015 by a compound annual growth rate of 3%, 26%, 52%, and 31%, respectively. Electronics manufacturers are continuously implementing advanced technologies in new generations of electronic devices using analog and mixed-signal semiconductor components, such as display drivers that enable display of high resolution images, encoding and decoding devices that allow playback of high definition audio and video, and power management semiconductors that increase power efficiency, thereby reducing heat dissipation and extending battery life. According to Gartner, the worldwide semiconductor market in 2011 was $307 billion.

For the year ended December 31, 2012, we generated net sales of $819.6 million, net income of $193.3 million, Adjusted EBITDA of $143.5 million and Adjusted Net Income of $83.5 million. For the year ended December 31, 2011, we generated net sales of $772.8 million, net income of $21.8 million, Adjusted EBITDA of $142.5 million and Adjusted Net Income of $66.4 million. For the year ended December 31, 2010, we generated net sales of $770.4 million, net income of $74.1 million, Adjusted EBITDA of $157.9 million and Adjusted Net Income of $89.2 million. See “Item 6. Selected Financial Data” and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” elsewhere in this Report for an explanation of our use of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income and a reconciliation to net income prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP.

 

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Our History

Our business was named MagnaChip Semiconductor when it was acquired from Hynix Semiconductor, Inc., or SK Hynix, in October 2004. We refer to this acquisition as the Original Acquisition.

On March 10, 2011, we completed our initial public offering, which we refer to as the “MagnaChip Corporation IPO.” Prior to the MagnaChip Corporation IPO, our board of directors and the holders of a majority of our outstanding common units converted MagnaChip Semiconductor LLC from a Delaware limited liability company to MagnaChip Semiconductor Corporation, a Delaware corporation. In order to consummate such a conversion, a certificate of conversion was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement. In connection with the corporate conversion, the outstanding common units of MagnaChip Semiconductor LLC were automatically converted into shares of common stock of MagnaChip Semiconductor Corporation, outstanding options to purchase common units of MagnaChip Semiconductor LLC were automatically converted into options to purchase shares of common stock of MagnaChip Semiconductor Corporation and outstanding warrants to purchase common units of MagnaChip Semiconductor LLC were automatically converted into warrants to purchase shares of common stock of MagnaChip Semiconductor Corporation, all at a ratio of one share of common stock for eight common units. We refer to such transactions as the “corporate conversion.”

Avenue Capital Management II, L.P. is a global investment management firm, and it and its affiliated funds specialize in investing in high yield debt, debt of insolvent or financially distressed companies and equity of companies undergoing financial or operational turnarounds or reorganizations. In this Report, we refer to funds affiliated with Avenue Capital Management II, L.P. collectively as “Avenue.” Avenue was a holder of a significant portion of our indebtedness which was outstanding prior to our 2009 reorganization proceedings under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code, which we refer to as our reorganization proceedings. In connection with our emergence from our reorganization proceedings, Avenue became our majority unitholder as a result of its participation in our rights offering in our reorganization proceedings.

As of December 31, 2012, Avenue beneficially owned 13,789,539 shares, or approximately 38.1%, of our outstanding common stock, including 555,961 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants that are exercisable within sixty days of December 31, 2012. On February 8, 2013, Avenue completed the sale of 5,750,000 shares of common stock in an underwritten public offering, and as of such date, after giving effect to the offering, beneficially owned approximately 22.2% of our outstanding common stock. Until May 7, 2012, we were considered a “controlled company” for purposes of the NYSE listing requirements. As such, we were exempt from the NYSE corporate governance requirements that our board of directors meet the standards of independence established by those corporate governance requirements and exempt from the requirements that we have separate Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees made up entirely of directors who meet such independence standards. We are no longer a “controlled company” within the meaning of the NYSE rules and will no longer be entitled to the benefits described above after May 2013.

Our Products and Services

Our Display Solutions products include source and gate drivers and timing controllers that cover a wide range of flat panel displays used in LCD, light emitting diode, or LED, 3D and OLED televisions and displays, notebooks and mobile communications and entertainment devices. Our Display Solutions support the industry’s most advanced display technologies, such as active matrix organic light emitting diodes, or AMOLEDs, and low temperature polysilicons, or LTPS, as well as high-volume display technologies such as thin film transistors, or TFTs. Our Display Solutions business represented 36.9%, 43.9%, and 39.7% of our net sales for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

We expanded our business and market opportunity by establishing our Power Solutions business in late 2007. We have introduced a number of products for power management applications, including metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors, or MOSFETs, power modules, analog switches, LED drivers, DC-DC

 

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converters, voice coil motor drivers and linear regulators for a range of devices, including LCD, LED, 3D televisions, smartphones, mobile phones, desktop PCs, notebooks, tablet PCs, other consumer electronics, and industrial applications such as power suppliers, LED lighting and home appliances. Our Power Solutions business represented 15.2%, 12.0%, and 7.4% of our net sales for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

We offer semiconductor manufacturing services to fabless analog and mixed-signal semiconductor companies that require differentiated, specialty analog and mixed-signal process technologies. We believe the majority of our top twenty Semiconductor Manufacturing Services customers use us as their primary manufacturing source for the products that we manufacture for them. Our process technologies are optimized for analog and mixed-signal devices and include standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor, or CMOS, high voltage CMOS, ultra-low leakage high voltage CMOS and bipolar complementary double-diffused metal oxide semiconductor, or BCDMOS, and electronically erasable programmable read only memory, or EEPROM. Our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services customers use us to manufacture a wide range of products, including display drivers, LED drivers, audio encoding and decoding devices, microcontrollers, touch screen controllers, RF switches, park distance control sensors for automotive, electronic tag memories and power management semiconductors. Our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services business represented 47.6%, 43.8%, and 52.6% of our net sales for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

We manufacture all of our products at our three fabrication facilities located in Korea. We have approximately 310 proprietary process flows we can utilize for our products and offer to our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services customers. Our manufacturing base serves both our display driver and power management businesses and Semiconductor Manufacturing Services customers, allowing us to optimize our asset utilization and leverage our investments across our product and service offerings. Analog and mixed-signal manufacturing facilities and processes are typically distinguished by design and process implementation expertise rather than the use of the most advanced equipment. These processes also tend to migrate more slowly to smaller geometries due to technological barriers and increased costs. For example, some of our products use high-voltage technology that requires larger geometries and that may not migrate to smaller geometries for several years, if at all. As a result, our manufacturing base and strategy does not require substantial investment in leading edge process equipment, allowing us to utilize our facilities and equipment over an extended period of time with moderate required capital investments.

Market Opportunity

The consumer electronics market is large and growing rapidly. Growth in this market is being driven by consumers seeking to enjoy a wide variety of available rich media content, such as high definition audio and video, mobile television and games. Consumer electronics manufacturers recognize that the consumer entertainment experience plays a critical role in differentiating their products. To address and further stimulate consumer demand, electronics manufacturers have been driving rapid advances in the technology, functionality, form factor, cost, quality, reliability and power consumption of their products. Electronics manufacturers are continuously implementing advanced technologies in new generations of electronic devices using analog and mixed-signal semiconductor components, such as display drivers that enable display of high resolution images, encoding and decoding devices that allow playback of high definition audio and video, and power management semiconductors that increase power efficiency, thereby reducing heat dissipation and extending battery life. These advanced generations of consumer devices are growing faster than the overall consumer electronics market. For example, according to Gartner, production of LCD televisions, smartphones, ultrabooks, and tablet PCs is expected to grow from 2012 to 2015 by a compound annual growth rate of 3%, 26%, 52%, and 31%, respectively.

The user experience delivered by a consumer electronic device is substantially driven by the quality of the display, audio and video processing capabilities and power efficiency of the device. Analog and mixed-signal semiconductors enable and enhance these capabilities. Examples of these analog and mixed-signal semiconductors include display drivers, timing controllers, audio encoding and decoding devices, or codecs, and

 

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interface circuits, as well as power management semiconductors such as voltage regulators, converters, and switches. According to Gartner, the worldwide semiconductor market in 2011 was $307 billion.

Requirements of Leading Consumer Electronics Manufacturers

We believe our target customers view the following characteristics and capabilities as key differentiating factors among available analog and mixed-signal semiconductor suppliers and manufacturing service providers:

 

 

Broad Offering of Differentiated Products with Advanced System-Level Features and Functions. Leading consumer electronics manufacturers seek to differentiate their products by incorporating innovative semiconductor products that enable unique system-level functionality and enhance performance. These consumer electronics manufacturers seek to closely collaborate with semiconductor solutions providers that continuously develop new and advanced products, technologies, and manufacturing processes that enable state of the art features and functions, such as bright and thin displays, small form factor and energy efficiency.

 

 

Fast Time to Market with New Products. As a result of rapid technological advancements and short product lifecycles, our target customers typically prefer suppliers who have a compelling pipeline of new products and can leverage a substantial intellectual property and technology base to accelerate product design and manufacturing when needed.

 

 

Nimble, Stable and Reliable Manufacturing Services. Fabless semiconductor providers who rely on external manufacturing services often face rapidly changing product cycles. If these fabless companies are unable to meet the demand for their products due to issues with their manufacturing services providers, their profitability and market share can be significantly impacted. As a result, they prefer semiconductor manufacturing services providers who can increase production quickly and meet demand consistently through periods of constrained industry capacity. Furthermore, many fabless semiconductor providers serving the consumer electronics and industrial sectors need specialized analog and mixed-signal manufacturing capabilities to address their product performance and cost requirements.

 

 

Ability to Deliver Cost Competitive Solutions. Electronics manufacturers are under constant pressure to deliver cost competitive solutions. To accomplish this objective, they need strategic semiconductor suppliers that have the ability to provide system-level solutions, highly integrated products, a broad product offering at a range of price points and have the design and manufacturing infrastructure and logistical support to deliver cost competitive products.

 

 

Focus on Delivering Highly Energy Efficient Products. Consumers increasingly seek longer run time, environmentally friendly and energy efficient consumer electronic products. In addition, there is increasing regulatory focus on reducing energy consumption of consumer electronic products. For instance, the California Energy Commission has adopted standards that require certain televisions sold in California since 2011 to consume 33% less energy, increasing to 49% less energy by 2013. As a result of global focus on more environmentally friendly products, our customers are seeking analog and mixed-signal semiconductor suppliers that have the technological expertise to deliver solutions that satisfy these ever increasing regulatory and consumer power efficiency demands.

Our Competitive Strengths

Designing and manufacturing analog and mixed-signal semiconductors capable of meeting the evolving functionality requirements for consumer electronics devices is challenging. In order to grow and succeed in the industry, we believe semiconductor suppliers must have a broad, advanced intellectual property portfolio, product design expertise, comprehensive product offerings and specialized manufacturing process technologies and capabilities. Our competitive strengths enable us to offer our customers solutions to solve their key challenges. We believe our strengths include:

 

 

Advanced Analog and Mixed-Signal Semiconductor Technology and Intellectual Property Platform. We believe we have one of the broadest and deepest analog and mixed-signal semiconductor technology

 

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platforms in the industry. Our long operating history, large patent portfolio, extensive engineering and manufacturing process expertise and wide selection of analog and mixed-signal intellectual property libraries allow us to leverage our technology and develop new products across multiple end markets. Our product development efforts are supported by a team of approximately 430 engineers. Our platform allows us to develop and introduce new products quickly as well as to integrate numerous functions into a single product. For example, we were one of the first companies to introduce a commercial AMOLED display driver for mobile phones.

 

 

Established Relationships and Close Collaboration with Leading Global Electronics Companies. We have a long history of supplying and collaborating on product and technology development with leading innovators in the consumer electronics market. Our close customer relationships have been built based on many years of close collaborative product development which provides us with deep system level knowledge and key insights into our customers’ needs. As a result, we are able to continuously strengthen our technology platform in areas of strategic interest for our customers and focus on those products and services that our customers and end consumers demand the most.

 

 

Longstanding Presence in Asia and Proximity to Global Consumer Electronics Supply Chain. Our presence in Asia facilitates close contact with our customers, fast response to their needs and enhances our visibility into new product opportunities, markets and technology trends. According to Gartner, semiconductor consumption in Asia, excluding Japan, is projected to grow to 68% of global consumption by 2014. Our design center and substantial manufacturing operations in Korea place us close to many of our largest customers and to the core of the global consumer electronics supply chain. We have active applications, engineering, product design, and customer support resources, as well as senior management and marketing resources, in geographic locations close to our customers. This allows us to strengthen our relationship with customers through better service, faster turnaround time and improved product design collaboration. We believe this also helps our customers to deliver products faster than their competitors and to solve problems more efficiently than would be possible with other suppliers.

 

 

Broad Portfolio of Product and Service Offerings Targeting Large, High-Growth Markets. We continue to develop a wide variety of analog and mixed-signal semiconductor solutions for multiple high-growth consumer electronics end markets. We believe our expanding product and service offerings allow us to provide additional products to new and existing customers and to cross-sell our products and services to our established customers. For example, we have leveraged our technology expertise and customer relationships to develop and grow a new business offering power management solutions to customers. Our power management solutions enable our customers to increase system stability and reduce heat dissipation and energy use, resulting in cost savings for our customers, as well as environmental benefits. We have been able to sell these new products to our existing customers as well as expand our customer base.

 

 

Distinctive Analog and Mixed-Signal Process Technology Expertise and Manufacturing Capabilities. We have developed specialty analog and mixed-signal manufacturing processes such as high voltage CMOS, power and embedded memory. These processes enable us to flexibly ramp mass production of display, power and mixed-signal products, and shorten the duration from design to delivery of highly integrated, high-performance analog and mixed-signal semiconductors.

 

 

Highly Efficient Manufacturing Capabilities. Our manufacturing strategy is focused on optimizing our asset utilization across our display driver and power management products as well as our semiconductor manufacturing services, which enables us to maintain the price competitiveness of our products and services through our low-cost operating structure and improve our operational efficiency. We believe the location of our primary manufacturing and research and development facilities in Asia and relatively low required ongoing capital expenditures provide us with a number of cost advantages. We offer specialty analog process technologies that do not require substantial investment in leading edge, smaller geometry process equipment. We are able to utilize our manufacturing base over an extended period of time and thereby minimize our capital expenditure requirements.

 

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Strong Financial Model with a Low-Cost Structure. Over the past three years we implemented significant structural improvements to our operating and financial model that lowered our capital investment requirements and improved our cash flow and profitability. The long lifecycles of our manufacturing processes, equipment and facilities allow us to keep our new capital requirements relatively low. We believe that our low-cost but highly skilled design and support engineers and manufacturing base position us favorably to compete in the marketplace and provide operating leverage in our operating model.

Our Strategy

Our objective is to grow our business, our cash flow and profitability and to establish our position as a leading provider of analog and mixed-signal semiconductor products and services for high-volume markets. Our business strategy emphasizes the following key elements:

 

 

Leverage Our Advanced Analog and Mixed-Signal Technology Platform to Innovate and Deliver New Products and Services. We intend to continue to utilize our extensive patent and technology portfolio, analog and mixed-signal design and manufacturing expertise and specific end-market applications and system-level design expertise to deliver products with high levels of performance by utilizing our systems expertise and leveraging our deep knowledge of our customers’ needs. For example, we have recently utilized our extensive patent portfolio, process technologies and analog and mixed-signal technology platform to develop low power integrated power solutions for AC-DC offline switchers to address more of our customers’ needs. In Display Solutions, we continue to invest in research and development to introduce new technologies to support our customers’ technology roadmaps. In Semiconductor Manufacturing Services, we are developing cost-effective processes that substantially reduce die size using deep trench isolation.

 

 

Increase Business with Existing Customers. We have a global customer base consisting of leading consumer electronics OEMs who sell into multiple end markets. We intend to continue to strengthen our relationships with our customers by collaborating on critical design and product development in order to improve our design win rates. We will seek to increase our customer penetration by more closely aligning our product roadmap with those of our key customers and by taking advantage of our broad product portfolio, our deep knowledge of customer needs and existing relationships to sell more existing and new products. For example, two of our largest display driver customers have display modules in production using our power management products. These power management products have been purchased and evaluated via their key subcontractors for LCD backlight units and LCD integrated power supplies.

 

 

Broaden Our Customer Base. We expect to continue to expand our global design centers, local application engineering support and sales presence, particularly in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macau, or collectively, Greater China, and other high-growth geographies, to penetrate new accounts. In addition, we intend to introduce new products and variations of existing products to address a broader customer base. In order to broaden our market penetration, we are complementing our direct customer relationships and sales with an expanded base of distributors, especially to aid the growth of our power management business. We expect to continue to expand our distribution channels as we broaden our power management penetration beyond existing customers.

 

 

Aggressively Grow the Power Business. We have utilized our extensive patent portfolio, process technologies, captive manufacturing facilities and analog and mixed-signal technology platform to develop power management solutions that expand our market opportunity and address more of our customers’ needs. We intend to increase the pace of our new power product introductions by continuing to collaborate closely with our industry-leading customers. For example, we began mass production of our first integrated power solution for LCD televisions at one of our major Korean customers in early 2010, and became a major supplier of the product within two years. We also intend to capitalize on the market needs and regulatory requirements for power management products that reduce energy consumption of consumer electronic products by introducing products that are more energy efficient than those of competitors. We believe our

 

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integrated designs, unique low-cost process technologies and deep customer relationships will enable us to increase sales of our power solutions to our current Power Solutions customers, and as an extension of our other product offerings, to our other customers.

 

 

Drive Execution Excellence. We have significantly improved our execution through a number of management initiatives implemented under the direction of our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, Sang Park. As an example, we have introduced new processes for product development, customer service and personnel development. We expect these ongoing initiatives will continue to improve our new product development and customer service as well as enhance our commitment to a culture of quick action and execution by our workforce. In addition, we have focused on and continually improved our manufacturing efficiency during the past several years.

 

 

Optimize Asset Utilization, Return on Capital Investments and Cash Flow Generation. We intend to keep our capital expenditures relatively low by maintaining our focus on specialty process technologies that do not require substantial investment in frequent upgrades to the latest manufacturing equipment. We also believe our power management business should increase our utilization and return on capital as the manufacturing of these products primarily relies on our 0.35µm geometry and low-cost equipment. By utilizing our manufacturing facilities for both our Display Solutions and Power Solutions products and our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services customers, we will seek to maximize return on our capital investments and our cash flow generation.

Our Technology

We continuously strengthen our advanced analog and mixed-signal semiconductor technology platform by developing innovative technologies and integrated circuit building blocks that enhance the functionality of consumer electronics products through brighter, thinner displays, enhanced image quality, smaller form factor and longer battery life. We seek to further build our technology platform through proprietary research and development and selective licensing and acquisition of complementary technologies, as well as disciplined process improvements in our manufacturing operations. Our goal is to leverage our experience and development initiatives across multiple end markets and utilize our understanding of system-level issues our customers face to introduce new technologies that enable our customers to develop more advanced, higher performance products.

Our display technology portfolio includes building blocks for display drivers and timing controllers, processor and interface technologies, as well as sophisticated production techniques, such as chip-on-glass, or COG, which enables the manufacture of thinner displays. Our advanced display drivers incorporate LTPS and AMOLED panel technologies that enable the highest resolution displays. Furthermore, we are developing a broad intellectual property portfolio to improve the power efficiency of displays, including the development of our smart mobile luminance control, or SMLC, algorithm.

We have a long history of specialized process technology development and have a number of distinctive process implementations. We have approximately 310 process flows we can utilize for our products and offer to our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services customers. Our process technologies include standard CMOS, high voltage CMOS, ultra-low leakage high voltage CMOS, low noise CMOS with embedded BCD, and BCDMOS. Our manufacturing processes incorporate embedded memory solutions such as static random access memory, or SRAM, one-time programmable, or OTP, memory, multiple-time programmable, or MTP, memory, electrical fuse, EEPROM, and single-transistor random access memory, or 1TRAM. More broadly, we focus extensively on processes that reduce die size across all of the products we manufacture, in order to deliver cost-effective solutions to our customers.

Expertise in ultra high voltage, or UHV, high voltage and deep trench BCDMOS process technologies, low power analog and mixed-signal design capabilities and packaging know-how are key requirements in the power management market. We are currently leveraging our capabilities in these areas with products such as AC-DC converters, DC-DC converters, linear regulators, including LDO, regulators and analog switches, and power

 

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MOSFETs. We believe our system level understanding of applications such as LCD televisions and mobile phones will allow us to more quickly develop and customize power management solutions for our customers in these markets.

Products and Services by Division

Our broad portfolio of products and services addresses multiple high-growth, consumer-focused end markets. A key component of our product strategy is to supply multiple related product and service offerings to each of the end markets that we serve.

Display Solutions

Display Driver Characteristics. Display drivers deliver defined analog voltages and currents that activate pixels to exhibit images on displays. The following key characteristics determine display driver performance and end-market application:

 

 

Resolution and Number of Channels. Resolution determines the level of detail displayed within an image and is defined by the number of pixels per line multiplied by the number of lines on a display. For large displays, higher resolution typically requires more display drivers for each panel. Display drivers that have a greater number of channels, however, generally require fewer display drivers for each panel and command a higher selling price per unit. Mobile displays, conversely, are typically single chip solutions designed to deliver a specific resolution. We cover resolutions ranging from WQVGA (240RGB x 432) to FHD (1,080RGB x 1,920).

 

 

Color Depth. Color depth is the number of colors that can be displayed on a panel. For example, for TFT-LCD panels, 262 thousand colors are supported by 6-bit source drivers; 16 million colors are supported by 8-bit source drivers; and 1 billion colors are supported by 10-bit source drivers.

 

 

Operational Voltage. Display drivers are characterized by input and output voltages. Source drivers typically operate at input voltages from 1.8 to 3.6 volts and output voltages between 9 and 18 volts. Gate drivers typically operate at input voltages from 2.0 to 3.6 volts and output voltages from 30 to 40 volts. Lower input voltage results in lower power consumption and electromagnetic interference, or EMI.

 

 

Gamma Curve. The relationship between the light passing through a pixel and the voltage applied to the pixel by the source driver is referred to as the gamma curve. The gamma curve of the source driver can correct some imperfections in picture quality in a process generally known as gamma correction. Some advanced display drivers feature up to three independent gamma curves to facilitate this correction.

 

 

Driver Interface. Driver interface refers to the connection between the timing controller and the display drivers. Display drivers increasingly require higher bandwidth interface technology to address the larger data transfer rate necessary for higher definition images. The principal types of interface technologies are embedded clock point to point I/F, or EPI I/F, advance intra panel I/F, or AIPI, mini-low voltage differential signaling, or m-LVDS, ultra slim I/F, or USI, and mobile industry processor I/F, or MIPI

 

 

Package Type. The assembly of display drivers typically uses chip-on-film, or COF, and COG package types.

Large Display Solutions. We provide display solutions for a wide range of flat panel display sizes used in LCD televisions, including high definition televisions, or HDTVs, LED TVs, 3D TVs, LCD monitors, notebooks, tablet PCs, ultrabooks and OLED televisions.

Our large display solutions include source and gate drivers and timing controllers with a variety of interfaces, voltages, frequencies and packages to meet customers’ needs. These products include advanced technologies such as high channel count, with products in mass production to provide up to 1,440 channels. Our large display solutions are designed to allow customers to cost-effectively meet the increasing demand for high

 

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resolution displays. We focus extensively on reducing the die size of our large display drivers and other solutions products to reduce costs without having to migrate to smaller geometries. For example, we have implemented several solutions to reduce die size in large display drivers, such as optimizing design schemes and design rules and applying specific technologies that we have developed internally. We have recently introduced a number of new large display drivers with reduced die size.

The table below sets forth the features of our products, both in mass production and in customer qualification, which is the final stage of product development, for large-sized displays:

 

Product

 

Key Features

 

Applications

TFT-LCD Source Drivers

 

•   480 to 1440 output channels

•   6-bit (262 thousand colors), 8-bit (16 million colors), 10-bit (1 billion colors)

•   Output voltage ranging from 9V to 18V

•   Low power consumption and low EMI

•   COF package types

•   EPI, m-LVDS, AiPi, USI interface technologies

 

•   LCD/LED/3D TVs

•   Ultrabooks, notebooks

•   LCD/LED monitors

•   Automotive displays*

TFT-LCD Gate Drivers

 

•   272 to 768 output channels

•   Output voltage ranging from 30V to 40V

•   COF and COG package types

 

•   Tablet PCs

•   LCD/LED/3D TVs

•   Notebooks

Timing Controllers

 

•   Wide range of resolutions

•   m-LVDS, AiPi, MIPI interface technologies

•   Input voltage ranging from 1.6V to 3.6V

 

•   Tablet PCs

•   Notebooks

•   LCD/3D monitors

AMOLED Source Drivers

 

•   802 output channels

•   10 bit (1 billion colors)

•   Output voltage: 18V

•   COF package type

•   EPI interface technology

 

•   OLED TVs

 

* In customer qualification stage

Mobile Display Solutions. Our mobile display solutions incorporate the industry’s most advanced display technologies, such as AMOLED and LTPS, as well as high-volume technologies such as a-Si (amorphous silicon) TFT. Our mobile display products offer specialized capabilities, including high speed serial interfaces, such as mobile display digital interface, or MDDI, and mobile industry processor interface, or MIPI, and logic-based OTP memory. We focus extensively on reducing the die size of our mobile display drivers and other solutions products to reduce costs without having to migrate to smaller geometries. For example, we have implemented several solutions to reduce die size in mobile display drivers, such as optimizing design schemes and design rules and applying specific technologies that we have developed internally. Further, we are building a distinctive intellectual property portfolio that allows us to provide features that reduce power consumption, such as automatic brightness control, or ABC, and automatic current limit, or ACL. This intellectual property portfolio will also support our power management product development initiatives, as we leverage our system level understanding of power efficiency.

 

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The following table summarizes the features of our products, both in mass production and in customer qualification, which is the final stage of product development, for mobile displays:

 

Product

 

Key Features

 

Applications

AMOLED

 

•    Resolutions of WVGA, QHD, WXGA and FHD*

•    Color depth 16 million

•    MIPI interface

•    Logic-based OTP

•    ABC, ACL

 

•    Smartphones

•    Game consoles

•    Digital still cameras

LTPS

 

•    Resolutions of WQVGA, VGA, WSVGA, WVGA and DVGA

•    Color depth 16 million

•    MDDI, MIPI interface

•    Logic-based OTP

•    Separated gamma control

 

•    Smartphones

•    Game consoles

•    Digital still cameras

a-Si TFT

 

•    Resolutions of WQVGA, HVGA and WVGA

•    Color depth 16 million

•    MDDI, MIPI interface

•    CABC

•    Separated gamma control

 

•    Smartphones

•    Mobile phones

•    Game consoles

•    Digital still cameras

 

* In customer qualification stage

Power Solutions

We develop, manufacture and market power management solutions for a wide range of end market customers. The products include MOSFETs, power modules, LED drivers, DC-DC converters, voice coil motor drivers, analog switches and linear regulators, such as LDOs.

 

 

MOSFETs. Our MOSFETs include low-voltage Trench MOSFETs, 20V to 100V, high-voltage Planar MOSFETs, 200V through 700V, and super junction MOSFETs, 600V through 700V. MOSFETs are used in applications to switch, shape or transfer electricity under varying power requirements. The key application segments are smartphones, mobile phones, LCD LED, and 3D televisions, desktop PCs, notebooks, tablet PCs, servers, lighting, and power supplies for consumer electronics and industrial equipment. MOSFETs allow electronics manufacturers to achieve specific design goals of high efficiency and low standby power consumption. For example, computing solutions focus on delivering efficient controllers and MOSFETs for power management in VCORE, DDR and chipsets for audio, video and graphics processing systems.

 

 

Power Modules. Power modules are used in broad range of medium to high power industrial applications and in many consumer appliances such as UPSs, power supplies, motor drives, solar inverters, welding machines, refrigerators, and air conditioners.

 

 

LED Drivers. LED backlighting drivers serve the fast-growing LCD panel backlighting market for LCD, LED, and 3D televisions, LCD monitors, notebooks and tablet PCs. Our products are designed to provide high efficiency and wide input voltage range as well as PWM dimming for accurate white LED dimming control. LED lighting drivers have wide input voltage range applicable to incandescent bulb and fluorescent lamp replacement.

 

 

DC-DC Converters. We offer DC-DC converters targeting mobile applications and high power applications like LCD televisions, notebooks, smartphones, mobile phones and display modules. We expect our DC-DC converters will meet customer green power requirements by featuring wide input voltage ranges, high efficiency and small size.

 

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Voice Coil Motor Drivers. Voice coil motor drivers, or VCM drivers, are used for camera autofocusing and zooming in mobile phone camera modules. Our products features include high current accuracy, lower quiescent current and small form factors suitable for mobile phone applications.

 

 

Analog Switches and Linear Regulators. We also provide analog switches and linear regulators for mobile applications. Our products are designed for high efficiency and low power consumption in mobile applications.

Our power management solutions enable customers to increase system stability and reduce heat dissipation and energy use, resulting in cost savings for our customers and consumers, as well as environmental benefits. Our in-house process technology capabilities and eight-inch wafer production lines increase efficiency and contribute to the competitiveness of our products.

The following table summarizes the features of our products, both in mass production and in customer qualification, which is the final stage of product development:

 

Product

 

Key Features

 

Applications

Low Voltage MOSFET

 

•   Voltage options of 20V-100V

•   Advanced Trench MOSFET Process

•   High cell density

•   Advanced packages to enable reduction of PCB mounting area

 

•   Smartphones and mobile phones

•   Tablet PCs

•   Ultrabooks and notebooks

•   LCD/LED/3D TVs

•   Desktop PCs

•   Servers

High Voltage MOSFET

 

•   Voltage options of 200V-700V

•   R2FET (rapid recovery) option to shorten reverse diode recovery time

•   Zenor FET option for MOSFET protection for abnormal input

•   Advanced Planar MOSFET Process

•   Advanced packages to enable reduction of PCB mounting area

 

•   Tablet PC / mobile phone adaptors

•   Power supplies for consumer electronics

•   Industrial chargers and adaptors

•   Lighting (ballast, HID, LED)

•   Industrial equipment

•   LCD / LED / 3D TVs

Super Junction MOSFET*

 

•   Voltage options of 600V-700V

•   Low RDS(ON)

•   Epi stack process

 

•   LCD / LED / 3D TVs

•   Lighting (ballast, HID, LED)

•   Notebooks

•   Servers

Power Modules

 

•   Voltage options of 400V/ 600V/ 1200V

•   IGBT modules / FRD modules

•   Current options from 50A to 450A

 

•   Industrial applications

•   Consumer appliances

LED Backlighting Drivers

 

•   High efficiency, wide input voltage range

•   Advanced BCDMOS process

•   OCP, SCP, OVP and UVLO protections

•   Accurate LED current control and multi-channel matching

•   Programmable current limit, boost up frequency

 

•   Tablet PCs and notebooks

•   LED/3D TVs

•   LED monitors

 

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Product

 

Key Features

 

Applications

LED Lighting Drivers

 

•    High efficiency, wide input voltage range

•    Simple solutions with external components fully integrated

•    Advanced high voltage BCDMOS process

•    Accurate LED current control and high power factor and low THB

 

•    AC and DC LED lighting

DC-DC Converters

 

•    High efficiency, wide input voltage range

•    Advanced BCDMOS process

•    Fast load and line regulation

•    Accurate output voltage

•    OCP, SCP and thermal protections

 

•    LCD/LED/3D TVs

•    Smartphones / mobile phones

•    Notebooks

Analog Switches

 

USB Switches

•    Low C(on), 7.0pF (typical) limits signal distortion

•    Low R(on), 4.0 W (typical)

•    Advanced CMOS process

Audio Switches

•    Negative Swing Support

•    Low R(on), 0.4 W (typical)

•    High ESD protection, 13kV

•    Advanced CMOS process

 

•    Mobile phones

Linear Regulators

 

•    Single and dual* LDOs

•    Low Noise Output Linear µCap LDO Regulator

•    2.3V to 5.5V input voltage and 150mA, 300mA* output current

•    Small package size of DFN type

•    Advanced CMOS process

 

•    Mobile phones

VCM Drivers*

 

•    Small size package with wafer-level CSP

•    High accuracy sink current

•    I2C interface and low quiescent current

 

•    Mobile phones

 

* In customer qualification stage

Semiconductor Manufacturing Services

We provide semiconductor manufacturing services to analog and mixed-signal semiconductor companies. We have approximately 310 process flows we offer to our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services customers. We also often partner with key customers to jointly develop or customize specialized processes that enable our customers to improve their products and allow us to develop unique manufacturing expertise.

Our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services offering is targeted at customers who require differentiated, specialty analog and mixed-signal process technologies such as high voltage CMOS, embedded memory and

 

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power. We refer to our approach of delivering specialized services to our customers as our application-specific technology strategy. We differentiate ourselves through the depth of our intellectual property portfolio, ability to customize process technology to meet the customers’ requirements effectively, long history in this business and reputation for excellence.

Our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services customers typically serve high-growth and high-volume applications in the consumer, computing and wireless end markets. We strive to be the primary manufacturing source for our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services customers.

Process Technology Overview

 

 

Mixed-Signal. Mixed-signal process technology is used in devices that require conversion of light and sound into electrical signals for processing and display. Our mixed-signal processes include advanced technologies such as low noise process using triple gate, which uses less power at any given performance level. MEMS process technology allows the manufacture of components that use electrical energy to generate a mechanical response. For example, MEMS devices are used in the accelerometers and gyroscopes of mobile phones.

 

 

Power. Power process technology, such as BCD, includes high voltage capabilities as well as the ability to integrate functionality such as self-regulation, internal protection, and other intelligent features. The unique process features such as deep trench isolation are suited for chip shrink and device performance enhancement.

 

 

High Voltage CMOS. High voltage CMOS process technology facilitates the use of high voltage levels in conjunction with smaller transistor sizes. This process technology includes several variations, such as bipolar processes, which use transistors with qualities well suited for amplifying and switching applications, mixed mode processes, which incorporate denser, more power efficient FETs, and thick metal processes.

 

 

Non-Volatile Memory. Non-volatile memory, or NVM, process technology enables the integration of non-volatile memory cells that allow retention of the stored information even when power is removed from the circuit. This type of memory is typically used for long-term persistent storage.

The table below sets forth the key process technologies in Semiconductor Manufacturing Services that we currently offer to customers:

 

Process

 

Technology

 

Device

 

Application

Mixed-Signal

 

•    0.13-0.8µm

•    Low noise

•    Ultra low power

•    Triple gate

 

•    Analog to digital converter

•    Digital to analog converter

•    Audio codec

•    Chipset

•    RF switch

•    Digital tunable capacitor

 

•    Smartphones

•    Tablet PCs

•    Ultrabooks

•    PC peripherals

•    DVDs

Power

 

•    0.18-0.5µm

•    BCD

•    Deep trench isolation

•    MOSFET

•    Schottky diode

•    Zener diode

•    Ultra high voltage

•    Thick metal

 

•    Power management

•    LED driver

•    High power audio amp

•    Power Over Ethernet

•    DC/DC converter

 

•    Smartphones

•    Tablet PCs

•    Ultrabooks

•    LCD TVs

•    LED lighting

•    LCD monitors

•    Automotive

 

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Process

 

Technology

 

Device

 

Application

High Voltage CMOS

 

•    0.11-2.0µm

•    5V-200V

•    Bipolar

 

•    Display driver

•    CSTN driver

 

•    Smartphones

•    Tablet PCs

•    LCD TVs

•    Desktop PCs

•    LCD monitors

NVM

 

•    0.18-0.5µm

•    EEPROM

•    eFlash

•    OTP

 

•    Microcontroller

•    Touch screen controller

•    Electronic tag memory

•    Hearing aid controller

 

•    Smartphones

•    Tablet PCs

•    Industrial controllers

•    Medical equipment

•    Park distance control sensors for automotive

•    Game consoles

Sales and Marketing

We focus our sales and marketing strategy on creating and strengthening our relationships with leading consumer electronics OEMs, as well as analog and mixed-signal semiconductor companies. We believe our close collaboration with customers allows us to align our product and process technology development with our customers’ existing and future needs. Because our customers often service multiple end markets, our product sales teams are organized by customers within the major geographies. We believe this facilitates the sale of products that address multiple end-market applications to each of our customers. Our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services sales teams focus on marketing our services to analog and mixed-signal semiconductor companies that require specialty manufacturing processes.

We sell our products through a direct sales force and a network of authorized agents and distributors. We have strategically located our sales and technical support offices near our customers. Our direct sales force consists primarily of representatives co-located with our design center in Korea, as well as our local sales and support offices in the U.S., Japan, Greater China and Europe. We have a network of agents and distributors in Korea, Japan, Europe and Greater China. For the years ended December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, we derived 77% and 71% of net sales through our direct sales force, respectively, and 23% and 29% of net sales through our network of authorized agents and distributors, respectively.

Research and Development

Our research and development efforts focus on intellectual property, design methodology and process technology for our complex analog and mixed-signal semiconductor products and services. Research and development expenses for the years ended December 31, 2012, December 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010, were $78.7 million, $76.8 million and $83.5 million, respectively, representing 9.6%, 9.9%, and 10.8% of net sales, respectively.

Customers

We sell our Display Solutions and Power Solutions products to consumer electronics OEMs as well as subsystem designers and contract manufacturers. We sell our semiconductor manufacturing services to analog and mixed-signal semiconductor companies. For the years ended December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, our ten largest customers accounted for 63% and 63% of our net sales, respectively, and we had one customer, LG Display, representing 11% and 15% of our consolidated net sales for the years ended December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. Substantially all of our sales to LG Display are in our Display Solutions segment and sales to LG Display represented 31% and 34% of net sales in our Display Solutions segment in the years ended December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2012,

 

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we recorded revenues of $123.3 million from customers in the United States and $696.3 million from all foreign countries, of which 54.5% was from Korea, 18.4% from Taiwan, 3.9% from Japan and 14.5% from China, Hong Kong and Macau. For the year ended December 31, 2011, we recorded revenues of $75.5 million from customers in the United States and $697.3 million from all foreign countries, of which 57.0% was from Korea, 18.9% from Taiwan, 8.4% from Japan and 11.8% from China, Hong Kong and Macau.

Intellectual Property

As of December 31, 2012, our portfolio of intellectual property assets included approximately 4,040 registered patents and 335 pending patent applications. Approximately 3,170 and 140 of our patents and pending patents are novel in that they are not a foreign counterpart of an existing patent or patent application. Because we file patents in multiple jurisdictions, we additionally have approximately 1,065 registered and pending patents that relate to identical technical claims in our base patent portfolio. Our patents expire at various times over the next 18 years. While these patents are in the aggregate important to our competitive position, we do not believe that any single registered or pending patent is material to us.

We have entered into exclusive and non-exclusive licenses and development agreements with third parties relating to the use of intellectual property of the third parties in our products and our design processes, including licenses related to embedded memory technology, design tools, process simulation tools, circuit designs and processor cores. Some of these licenses, including our agreements with Silicon Works Co., Ltd. and ARM Limited, are material to our business and may be terminated prior to the expiration of these licenses by the licensors should we fail to cure any breach under such licenses. Our license with Silicon Works Co., Ltd. relates to our large display drivers and our license from ARM Limited primarily relates to product lines in our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services business. The loss of either license could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. Additionally, in connection with the Original Acquisition, SK Hynix retained a perpetual license to use the intellectual property that we acquired from SK Hynix in the Original Acquisition. Under this license, SK Hynix and its subsidiaries are free to develop products that may incorporate or embody intellectual property developed by us prior to October 2004.

Competition

We operate in highly competitive markets characterized by rapid technological change and continually advancing customer requirements. Although no one company competes with us in all of our product lines, we face significant competition in each of our market segments. Our competitors include other independent and captive manufacturers and designers of analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits including display driver and power management semiconductor devices, as well as companies providing specialty manufacturing services.

We compete based on design experience, manufacturing capabilities, the ability to service customer needs from the design phase through the shipping of a completed product, length of design cycle and quality of technical support and sales personnel. Our ability to compete successfully will depend on internal and external variables, both within and outside of our control. These variables include the timeliness with which we can develop new products and technologies, product performance and quality, manufacturing yields, capacity availability, customer service, pricing, industry trends and general economic trends.

Employees

Our worldwide workforce consisted of 3,597 employees (full- and part-time) as of December 31, 2012, of which 412 were involved in sales, marketing, general and administrative, 430 were in research and development (including 221 with advanced degrees), 117 were in quality, reliability and assurance and 2,638 were in manufacturing (comprised of 370 in engineering and 2,268 in operations). As of December 31, 2012, 2,378 employees, or approximately 66% of our workforce, were represented by the MagnaChip Semiconductor Labor Union, which is a member of the Federation of Korean Metal Workers Trade Unions. We believe our labor relations are good.

 

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Environmental

Our operations are subject to a variety of environmental, health and safety laws and regulations in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate, governing, among other things, air emissions, wastewater discharges, the generation, use, handling, storage and disposal of, and exposure to, hazardous substances (including asbestos) and waste, soil and groundwater contamination and employee health and safety. These laws and regulations are complex, constantly changing and have tended to become more stringent over time. For example, the Korean government’s Enforcement Decree to the Framework Act on Low Carbon Green Growth became effective in April 2010. Certain designated businesses, including our Korean subsidiary, were required to submit plans to reduce greenhouse emissions and energy consumption. Our Korean subsidiary set emissions and consumption targets and negotiated an implementation plan in 2011 with Korean governmental authorities. Each year going forward, our Korean subsidiary is required to agree upon emissions and consumption targets with Korean governmental authorities and submit an independently-verified report of prior year compliance. There can be no assurance that we have been or will be in compliance with all these laws and regulations, or that we will not incur material costs or liabilities in connection with these laws and regulations in the future. The adoption of new environmental, health and safety laws, any failure to comply with new or existing laws or issues relating to hazardous substances could subject us to material liability (including substantial fines or penalties), impose the need for additional capital equipment or other process requirements upon us, curtail our operations or restrict our ability to expand operations.

Raw Materials

We use processes that require specialized raw materials that are generally available from a limited number of suppliers. Tape is one of the process materials required for our display drivers. We continue to attempt to qualify additional suppliers for our raw materials.

Geographic Financial Information

For a description of the distribution of our net sales by geographic region, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations—Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2012 and 2011—Net Sales by Geographic Region,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations—Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010—Net Sales by Geographic Region,” and note 20 to the consolidated financial statements for MagnaChip Semiconductor Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2012 included elsewhere in this Report.

Available Information

Our principal executive offices are located at: c/o MagnaChip Semiconductor S.A., 74, rue de Merl, B.P. 709 L-2146 Luxembourg R.C.S., Luxembourg B-97483, and our telephone number is (352) 45-62-62. Our website address is www.magnachip.com. Our annual, quarterly and current reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q or 8-K, respectively, and all amendments thereto filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, can be accessed, free of charge, at our website as soon as practicable after such reports are filed with the SEC. In addition, our corporate governance guidelines, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, audit committee charter, compensation committee charter and nominating and governance committee charter are available on our website. Information contained on our website does not constitute, and shall not be deemed to constitute, part of this Report and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this Report.

You may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. In addition, the SEC maintains an internet site, http://www.sec.gov, from which you can access our annual, quarterly and current reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K, respectively, and all amendments to these materials after such reports and amendments are filed with

 

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the SEC. In addition, you may request a copy of any of these filings, at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at the following address or phone number: c/o MagnaChip Semiconductor, Inc., 20400 Stevens Creek Boulevard, Suite 370, Cupertino, CA 95014, Attention: Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary; the telephone number at that address is 408-625-5999.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

You should carefully consider the risk factors set forth below as well as the other information contained in this Report. Any of the following risks could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. As a result, the price of our common stock could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment in our common stock. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or those currently viewed by us to be immaterial may also materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We operate in the highly cyclical semiconductor industry, which is subject to significant downturns that may negatively impact our results of operations.

The semiconductor industry is highly cyclical and is characterized by constant and rapid technological change and price erosion, evolving technical standards, short product life cycles (for semiconductors and for the end-user products in which they are used) and wide fluctuations in product supply and demand. From time to time, these and other factors, together with changes in general economic conditions, cause significant upturns and downturns in the industry in general and in our business in particular. Periods of industry downturns, including the recent economic downturn, have been characterized by diminished demand for end-user products, high inventory levels, underutilization of manufacturing capacity, changes in revenue mix and accelerated erosion of average selling prices. We have experienced these conditions in our business in the past and may experience renewed, and possibly more severe and prolonged, downturns in the future as a result of such cyclical changes. This may reduce our results of operations.

We base our planned operating expenses in part on our expectations of future revenue, and a significant portion of our expenses is relatively fixed in the short term. If revenue for a particular quarter is lower than we expect, we likely will be unable to proportionately reduce our operating expenses for that quarter, which would harm our operating results for that quarter.

If we fail to develop new products and process technologies or enhance our existing products and services in order to react to rapid technological change and market demands, our business will suffer.

Our industry is subject to constant and rapid technological change and product obsolescence as customers and competitors create new and innovative products and technologies. Products or technologies developed by other companies may render our products or technologies obsolete or noncompetitive, and we may not be able to access advanced process technologies, including smaller geometries, or to license or otherwise obtain essential intellectual property required by our customers.

We must develop new products and services and enhance our existing products and services to meet rapidly evolving customer requirements. We design products for customers who continually require higher performance and functionality at lower costs. We must, therefore, continue to enhance the performance and functionality of our products. The development process for these advancements is lengthy and requires us to accurately anticipate technological changes and market trends. Developing and enhancing these products is uncertain and can be time-consuming, costly and complex. If we do not continue to develop and maintain process technologies that are in demand by our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services customers, we may be unable to maintain existing customers or attract new customers.

Customer and market requirements can change during the development process. There is a risk that these developments and enhancements will be late, fail to meet customer or market specifications or not be competitive

 

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with products or services from our competitors that offer comparable or superior performance and functionality. Any new products, such as our expanding line of power management solutions, or product or service enhancements, may not be accepted in new or existing markets. Our business will suffer if we fail to develop and introduce new products and services or product and service enhancements on a timely and cost-effective basis.

We manufacture our products based on our estimates of customer demand, and if our estimates are incorrect our financial results could be negatively impacted.

We make significant decisions, including determining the levels of business that we will seek and accept, production schedules, component procurement commitments, personnel needs and other resource requirements, based on our estimates of customer demand and expected demand for and success of their products. The short-term nature of commitments by many of our customers and the possibility of rapid changes in demand for their products reduces our ability to estimate accurately future customer demand for our products. On occasion, customers may require rapid increases in supply, which can challenge our production resources and reduce margins. We may not have sufficient capacity at any given time to meet our customers’ increased demand for our products. Conversely, downturns in the semiconductor industry have caused and may in the future cause our customers to reduce significantly the amount of products they order from us. Because many of our costs and operating expenses are relatively fixed, a reduction in customer demand would decrease our results of operations, including our gross profit.

Our customers may cancel their orders, reduce quantities or delay production, which would adversely affect our margins and results of operations.

We generally do not obtain firm, long-term purchase commitments from our customers. Customers may cancel their orders, reduce quantities or delay production for a number of reasons. Cancellations, reductions or delays by a significant customer or by a group of customers, which we have experienced as a result of periodic downturns in the semiconductor industry or failure to achieve design wins, have affected and may continue to affect our results of operations adversely. These risks are exacerbated because many of our products are customized, which hampers our ability to sell excess inventory to the general market. We may incur charges resulting from the write-off of obsolete inventory. In addition, while we do not obtain long-term purchase commitments, we generally agree to the pricing of a particular product over a set period of time. If we underestimate our costs when determining pricing, our margins and results of operations would be adversely affected.

We depend on high utilization of our manufacturing capacity, a reduction of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and the results of our operations.

An important factor in our success is the extent to which we are able to utilize the available capacity in our fabrication facilities. As many of our costs are fixed, a reduction in capacity utilization, as well as changes in other factors, such as reduced yield or unfavorable product mix, could reduce our profit margins and adversely affect our operating results. A number of factors and circumstances may reduce utilization rates, including periods of industry overcapacity, low levels of customer orders, operating inefficiencies, mechanical failures and disruption of operations due to expansion or relocation of operations, power interruptions and fire, flood or other natural disasters or calamities. The potential delays and costs resulting from these steps could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

A significant portion of our sales comes from a relatively limited number of customers, the loss of which would adversely affect our financial results.

Historically, we have relied on a limited number of customers for a substantial portion of our total revenue. If we were to lose key customers or if customers cease to place orders for our high-volume products or services, our financial results would be adversely affected. For the years ended December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, our ten largest customers accounted for 63% and 63% of our net sales, respectively, and we had one

 

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customer representing 11% and 15% of our consolidated net sales for the years ended December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. Substantially all of our sales to our largest customer are in our Display Solutions segment and sales to the largest customer represented 31% and 34% of net sales in our Display Solutions segment in the years ended December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, respectively. Significant reductions in sales to any of these customers, especially our few largest customers, the loss of other major customers or a general curtailment in orders for our high-volume products or services within a short period of time would adversely affect our business.

The average selling prices of our semiconductor products have at times declined rapidly and will likely do so in the future, which could harm our revenue and gross profit.

The semiconductor products we develop and sell are subject to rapid declines in average selling prices. From time to time, we have had to reduce our prices significantly to meet customer requirements, and we may be required to reduce our prices in the future. This would cause our gross profit to decrease. Our financial results will suffer if we are unable to offset any reductions in our average selling prices by increasing our sales volumes, reducing our costs or developing new or enhanced products on a timely basis with higher selling prices or gross profit.

Our industry is highly competitive and our ability to compete could be negatively impacted by a variety of factors.

The semiconductor industry is highly competitive and includes hundreds of companies, a number of which have achieved substantial market share both within our product categories and end markets. Current and prospective customers for our products and services evaluate our capabilities against the merits of our competitors. Some of our competitors are well established as independent companies and have substantially greater market share and manufacturing, financial, research and development and marketing resources than we do. We also compete with emerging companies that are attempting to sell their products in certain of our end markets and with the internal semiconductor design and manufacturing capabilities of many of our significant customers. We expect to experience continuing competitive pressures in our markets from existing competitors and new entrants.

Any consolidation among our competitors could enhance their product offerings and financial resources, further enhancing their competitive position. Our ability to compete will depend on a number of factors, including the following:

 

 

our ability to offer cost-effective and high quality products and services on a timely basis using our technologies;

 

 

our ability to accurately identify and respond to emerging technological trends and demand for product features and performance characteristics;

 

 

our ability to continue to rapidly introduce new products that are accepted by the market;

 

 

our ability to adopt or adapt to emerging industry standards;

 

 

the number and nature of our competitors and competitiveness of their products and services in a given market;

 

 

entrance of new competitors into our markets;

 

 

our ability to enter the highly competitive power management market; and

 

 

our ability to continue to offer in demand semiconductor manufacturing services at competitive prices.

Many of these factors are outside of our control. In the future, our competitors may replace us as a supplier to our existing or potential customers, and our customers may satisfy more of their requirements internally. As a result, we may experience declining revenues and results of operations.

 

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Changes in demand for consumer electronics in our end markets can impact our results of operations.

Demand for our products will depend in part on the demand for various consumer electronics products, in particular, mobile phones and multimedia devices, digital televisions, flat panel displays, mobile PCs and digital cameras, which in turn depends on general economic conditions and other factors beyond our control. If our customers fail to introduce new products that employ our products or component parts, demand for our products will suffer. To the extent that we cannot offset periods of reduced demand that may occur in these markets through greater penetration of these markets or reduction in our production and costs, our sales and gross profit may decline, which would negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we fail to achieve design wins for our semiconductor products, we may lose the opportunity for sales to customers for a significant period of time and be unable to recoup our investments in our products.

We expend considerable resources on winning competitive selection processes, known as design wins, to develop semiconductor products for use in our customers’ products. These selection processes are typically lengthy and can require us to incur significant design and development expenditures. We may not win the competitive selection process and may never generate any revenue despite incurring significant design and development expenditures. Once a customer designs a semiconductor into a product, that customer is likely to continue to use the same semiconductor or enhanced versions of that semiconductor from the same supplier across a number of similar and successor products for a lengthy period of time due to the significant costs associated with qualifying a new supplier and potentially redesigning the product to incorporate a different semiconductor. If we fail to achieve an initial design win in a customer’s qualification process, we may lose the opportunity for significant sales to that customer for a number of products and for a lengthy period of time. This may cause us to be unable to recoup our investments in our semiconductor products, which would harm our business.

We have lengthy and expensive design-to-mass production and manufacturing process development cycles that may cause us to incur significant expenses without realizing meaningful sales, the occurrence of which would harm our business.

The cycle time from the design stage to mass production for some of our products is long and requires the investment of significant resources with many potential customers without any guarantee of sales. Our design-to-mass production cycle typically begins with a three-to-twelve month semiconductor development stage and test period followed by a three-to-twelve month end-product qualification period by our customers. The fairly lengthy front end of our sales cycle creates a risk that we may incur significant expenses but may be unable to realize meaningful sales. Moreover, prior to mass production, customers may decide to cancel their products or change production specifications, resulting in sudden changes in our product specifications, increasing our production time and costs. Failure to meet such specifications may also delay the launch of our products or result in lost sales.

In addition, we collaborate and jointly develop certain process technologies and manufacturing process flows custom to certain of our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services customers. To the extent that our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services customers fail to achieve market acceptance for their products, we may be unable to recoup our engineering resources commitment and our investment in process technology development, which would harm our business.

Research and development investments may not yield profitable and commercially viable product and service offerings and thus will not necessarily result in increases in revenues for us.

We invest significant resources in our research and development. Our research and development efforts, however, may not yield commercially viable products or enhance our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services offerings. During each stage of research and development there is a substantial risk that we will have to abandon a potential product or service offering that is no longer marketable and in which we have invested significant

 

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resources. In the event we are able to develop viable new products or service offerings, a significant amount of time will have elapsed between our investment in the necessary research and development effort and the receipt of any related revenues.

We face numerous challenges relating to executing our growth strategy, and if we are unable to execute our growth strategy effectively, our business and financial results could be materially and adversely affected.

Our growth strategy is to leverage our advanced analog and mixed-signal technology platform, continue to innovate and deliver new products and services, increase business with existing customers, broaden our customer base, aggressively grow our power business, drive execution excellence and focus on specialty process technologies. If we are unable to execute our growth strategy effectively, we may not be able to take advantage of market opportunities, execute our business plan or respond to competitive pressures. Moreover, if our allocation of resources does not correspond with future demand for particular products, we could miss market opportunities and our business and financial results could be materially and adversely affected.

We are subject to risks associated with currency fluctuations, and changes in the exchange rates of applicable currencies could impact our results of operations.

Historically, a portion of our revenues and greater than the majority of our operating expenses and costs of sales have been denominated in non-U.S. currencies, principally the Korean won, and we expect that this will remain true in the future. Because we report our results of operations in U.S. dollars, changes in the exchange rate between the Korean won and the U.S. dollar could materially impact our reported results of operations and distort period to period comparisons. In particular, because of the difference in the amount of our consolidated revenues and expenses that are in U.S. dollars relative to Korean won, a depreciation in the U.S. dollar relative to the Korean won could result in a material increase in reported costs relative to revenues, and therefore could cause our profit margins and operating income to appear to decline materially, particularly relative to prior periods. The converse is true if the U.S. dollar were to appreciate relative to the Korean won. For example, foreign currency fluctuations had a material unfavorable impact on our reported profit margins and operating income from operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010. As a result of foreign currency fluctuations, it could be more difficult to detect underlying trends in our business and results of operations. In addition, to the extent that fluctuations in currency exchange rates cause our results of operations to differ from our expectations or the expectations of our investors, the trading price of our stock or the price of our outstanding 10.5% senior notes due April 15, 2018 (the “notes” or “senior notes”) could be adversely affected.

From time to time, we may engage in exchange rate hedging activities in an effort to mitigate the impact of exchange rate fluctuations. Our Korean subsidiary enters into foreign currency option, forward, and zero cost collar contracts in order to mitigate a portion of the impact of U.S. dollar-Korean won exchange rate fluctuations on our operating results. These foreign currency option, forward, and zero cost collar contracts typically require us to sell specified notional amounts in U.S. dollars and provide us the option to sell specified notional amounts in U.S. dollars during successive months to our counterparty in exchange for Korean won at specified exchange rates. Obligations under these foreign currency option, forward and zero cost collar contracts must be cash collateralized if our exposure exceeds certain specified thresholds. These option, forward and zero cost collar contracts may be terminated by the counterparty in a number of circumstances, including if our long-term debt rating falls below B-/B3 or if our total cash and cash equivalents is less than $30 million at the end of a fiscal quarter. We cannot assure you that any hedging technique we implement will be effective. If our hedging activities are not effective, changes in currency exchange rates may have a more significant impact on our results of operations. See “Part I: Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Factors Affecting our Results of Operations” for further details.

 

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The loss of our key employees would materially adversely affect our business, and we may not be able to attract or retain the technical or management employees necessary to compete in our industry.

Our key executives have substantial experience and have made significant contributions to our business, and our continued success is dependent upon the retention of our key management executives, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, Sang Park. The loss of such key personnel would have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, our future success depends on our ability to attract and retain skilled technical and managerial personnel. We do not know whether we will be able to retain all of these employees as we continue to pursue our business strategy. The loss of the services of key employees, especially our key design and technical personnel, or our inability to retain, attract and motivate qualified design and technical personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. This could hinder our research and product development programs or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business.

If we encounter future labor problems, we may fail to deliver our products and services in a timely manner, which could adversely affect our revenues and profitability.

As of December 31, 2012, 2,378 employees, or approximately 66% of our employees, were represented by the MagnaChip Semiconductor Labor Union, which is a member of the Federation of Korean Metal Workers Trade Unions. We can offer no assurance that issues with the labor union and other employees will be resolved favorably for us in the future, that we will not experience work stoppages or other labor problems in future years or that we will not incur significant expenses related to such issues.

We may incur costs to engage in future business combinations or strategic investments, and we may not realize the anticipated benefits of those transactions.

As part of our business strategy, we may seek to enter into business combinations, investments, joint ventures and other strategic alliances with other companies in order to maintain and grow revenue and market presence as well as to provide us with access to technology, products and services. Any such transaction would be accompanied by risks that may harm our business, such as difficulties in assimilating the operations, personnel and products of an acquired business or in realizing the projected benefits, disruption of our ongoing business, potential increases in our indebtedness and contingent liabilities and charges if the acquired company or assets are later determined to be worth less than the amount paid for them in an earlier original acquisition. In addition, our indebtedness may restrict us from making acquisitions that we may otherwise wish to pursue.

The failure to achieve acceptable manufacturing yields could adversely affect our business.

The manufacture of semiconductors involves highly complex processes that require precision, a highly regulated and sterile environment and specialized equipment. Defects or other difficulties in the manufacturing process can prevent us from achieving acceptable yields in the manufacture of our products or those of our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services customers, which could lead to higher costs, a loss of customers or delay in market acceptance of our products. Slight impurities or defects in the photomasks used to print circuits on a wafer or other factors can cause significant difficulties, particularly in connection with the production of a new product, the adoption of a new manufacturing process or any expansion of our manufacturing capacity and related transitions. We may also experience manufacturing problems in achieving acceptable yields as a result of, among other things, transferring production to other facilities, upgrading or expanding existing facilities or changing our process technologies. Yields below our target levels can negatively impact our gross profit and may cause us to eliminate underperforming products.

We rely on a number of independent subcontractors and the failure of any of these independent subcontractors to perform as required could adversely affect our operating results.

A substantial portion of our net sales are derived from semiconductor devices assembled in packages or on film. The packaging and testing of semiconductors require technical skill and specialized equipment. For the portion of packaging and testing that we outsource, we use subcontractors located in Korea, China, Philippines,

 

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Malaysia and Thailand. We rely on these subcontractors to package and test our devices with acceptable quality and yield levels. We could be adversely affected by political disorders, labor disruptions, and natural disasters where our subcontractors are located. If our semiconductor packagers and test service providers experience problems in packaging and testing our semiconductor devices, experience prolonged quality or yield problems or decrease the capacity available to us, our operating results could be adversely affected.

We depend on successful parts and materials procurement for our manufacturing processes, and a shortage or increase in the price of these materials could interrupt our operations and result in a decline of revenues and results of operations.

We procure materials and electronic and mechanical components from international sources and original equipment manufacturers. We use a wide range of parts and materials in the production of our semiconductors, including silicon, processing chemicals, processing gases, precious metals and electronic and mechanical components, some of which, such as silicon wafers, are specialized raw materials that are generally only available from a limited number of suppliers. We do not have long-term agreements providing for all of these materials, thus, if demand increases or supply decreases for any reason, the costs of our raw materials could significantly increase. For example, worldwide supplies of silicon wafers, an important raw material for the semiconductors we manufacture, were constrained in recent years due to an increased demand for silicon. Silicon is also a key raw material for solar cells, the demand for which has increased in recent years. Although supplies of silicon have recently improved due to the entrance of additional suppliers and capacity expansion by existing suppliers, we cannot assure you that such supply increases will match demand increases. If we cannot obtain adequate materials in a timely manner or on favorable terms for the manufacture of our products, revenues and results of operations will decline.

We face warranty claims, product return, litigation and liability risks and the risk of negative publicity if our products fail.

Our semiconductors are incorporated into a number of end products, and our business is exposed to product return, warranty and product liability risk and the risk of negative publicity if our products fail. Although we maintain insurance for product liability claims, the amount and scope of our insurance may not be adequate to cover a product liability claim that is asserted against us. In addition, product liability insurance could become more expensive and difficult to maintain and, in the future, may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.

In addition, we are exposed to the product liability risk and the risk of negative publicity affecting our customers. Our sales may decline if any of our customers are sued on a product liability claim. We also may suffer a decline in sales from the negative publicity associated with such a lawsuit or with adverse public perceptions in general regarding our customers’ products. Further, if our products are delivered with impurities or defects, we could incur additional development, repair or replacement costs, and our credibility and the market’s acceptance of our products could be harmed.

We could suffer adverse tax and other financial consequences as a result of changes in, or differences in the interpretation of, applicable tax laws.

Our company organizational structure was created in part based on certain interpretations and conclusions regarding various tax laws, including withholding tax and other tax laws of applicable jurisdictions. Our Korean subsidiary, MagnaChip Semiconductor, Ltd., or MagnaChip Korea, was granted a limited tax holiday under Korean law in October 2004. This grant provided for certain tax exemptions for corporate taxes and withholding taxes until December 31, 2008, and for acquisition taxes, property and land use taxes and certain other taxes until December 31, 2013. Our interpretations and conclusions regarding tax laws, however, are not binding on any taxing authority and, if these interpretations and conclusions are incorrect, if our business were to be operated in a way that rendered us ineligible for tax exemptions or caused us to become subject to incremental tax, or if the

 

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authorities were to change, modify, or have a different interpretation of the relevant tax laws, we could suffer adverse tax and other financial consequences and the anticipated benefits of our organizational structure could be materially impaired.

Our ability to compete successfully and achieve future growth will depend, in part, on our ability to protect our proprietary technology and know-how, as well as our ability to operate without infringing the proprietary rights of others.

We seek to protect our proprietary technologies and know-how through the use of patents, trade secrets, confidentiality agreements and other security measures. The process of seeking patent protection takes a long time and is expensive. There can be no assurance that patents will issue from pending or future applications or that, if patents issue, they will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, or that the rights granted under the patents will provide us with meaningful protection or any commercial advantage. Some of our technologies are not covered by any patent or patent application. The confidentiality agreements on which we rely to protect these technologies may be breached and may not be adequate to protect our proprietary technologies. We cannot assure you that other countries in which we market our services will protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the United States. In particular, the validity, enforceability and scope of protection of intellectual property in China, where we derive a significant portion of our net sales, and certain other countries where we derive net sales, are uncertain and still evolving and historically have not protected and may not protect in the future, intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws and enforcement procedures in the United States.

Our ability to compete successfully depends on our ability to operate without infringing the proprietary rights of others. We have no means of knowing what patent applications have been filed in the United States until they are published. In addition, the semiconductor industry is characterized by frequent litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. We may need to file lawsuits to enforce our patents or intellectual property rights, and we may need to defend against claimed infringement of the rights of others. Any litigation could result in substantial costs to us and divert our resources. Despite our efforts in bringing or defending lawsuits, we may not be able to prevent third parties from infringing upon or misappropriating our intellectual property. In the event of an adverse outcome in any such litigation, we may be required to:

 

 

pay substantial damages or indemnify customers or licensees for damages they may suffer if the products they purchase from us or the technology they license from us violate the intellectual property rights of others;

 

 

stop our manufacture, use, sale or importation of infringing products; expend significant resources to develop or acquire non-infringing technologies;

 

 

discontinue processes; or

 

 

obtain licenses to the intellectual property we are found to have infringed.

There can be no assurance that we would be successful in such development or acquisition or that such licenses would be available under reasonable terms, or at all. The termination of key third party licenses relating to the use of intellectual property in our products and our design processes, such as our agreements with Silicon Works Co., Ltd. and ARM Limited, would materially and adversely affect our business.

Our competitors may develop, patent or gain access to know-how and technology similar to our own. In addition, many of our patents are subject to cross licenses, several of which are with our competitors.

Our expenses could increase if SK Hynix were unwilling or unable to provide certain services related to our shared facilities with SK Hynix, and if SK Hynix were to become insolvent, we could lose certain of our leases.

We are party to a land lease and easement agreement with SK Hynix pursuant to which we lease the land for our facilities in Cheongju, Korea. If this agreement were terminated for any reason, including the insolvency of SK Hynix, we would have to renegotiate new lease terms with SK Hynix or the new owner of the land. We

 

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cannot assure you that we could negotiate new lease terms on favorable terms or at all. Because we share certain facilities with SK Hynix, several services that are essential to our business are provided to us by or through SK Hynix under our general service supply agreement with SK Hynix. These services include electricity, bulk gases and de-ionized water, campus facilities and housing, wastewater and sewage management, environmental safety and certain utilities and infrastructure support services. If any of our agreements with SK Hynix were terminated or if SK Hynix were unwilling or unable to fulfill its obligations to us under the terms of these agreements, we would have to procure these services on our own and as a result may experience an increase in our expenses.

We are subject to many environmental laws and regulations that could affect our operations or result in significant expenses.

We are subject to requirements of environmental, health and safety laws and regulations in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate, governing air emissions, wastewater discharges, the generation, use, handling, storage and disposal of, and exposure to, hazardous substances (including asbestos) and wastes, soil and groundwater contamination and employee health and safety. These laws and regulations are complex, change frequently and have tended to become more stringent over time. There can be no assurance that we have been, or will be, in compliance with all such laws and regulations or that we will not incur material costs or liabilities in connection with these laws and regulations in the future. The adoption of new environmental, health and safety laws, the failure to comply with new or existing laws, or issues relating to hazardous substances could subject us to material liability (including substantial fines or penalties), impose the need for additional capital equipment or other process requirements upon us, curtail our operations or restrict our ability to expand operations.

Our Korean subsidiary has been designated as a regulated business under Korean environmental law, and such designation could have an adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.

In April 2010, the Korean government’s Enforcement Decree to the Framework Act on Low Carbon Green Growth became effective. Certain designated businesses, including our Korean subsidiary, were required to submit plans to reduce greenhouse emissions and energy consumption. Our Korean subsidiary first set emissions and consumption targets and negotiated an implementation plan in 2011 with Korean governmental authorities. Each year going forward, our Korean subsidiary is required to agree upon emissions and consumption targets with Korean governmental authorities and submit an independently-verified report of prior year compliance. If the targets agreed upon each year with Korean governmental authorities requires us to reduce our emissions or energy consumption, we could be subject to additional and potentially costly compliance or remediation expenses, including potentially the installation of equipment and changes in the type of materials we use in manufacturing, that could adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.

We may need additional capital in the future, and such capital may not be available on acceptable terms or at all, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may require more capital in the future from equity or debt financings to fund operating expenses, such as research and development costs, finance investments in equipment and infrastructure, acquire complementary businesses and technologies, and respond to competitive pressures and potential strategic opportunities. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or other securities convertible into equity, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new shares we issue could have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of the holders of our common stock. In addition, additional capital may not be available when needed or, if available, may not be available on favorable terms. In addition, our indebtedness limits our ability to incur additional indebtedness under certain circumstances. If we are unable to obtain capital on favorable terms, or if we are unable to obtain capital at all, we may have to reduce our operations or forego opportunities, and this may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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Our business depends on international customers, suppliers and operations in Asia, and as a result we are subject to regulatory, operational, financial and political risks, which could adversely affect our financial results.

We rely on, and expect to continue to rely on, suppliers, subcontractors and operations located primarily in Asia. As a result, we face risks inherent in international operations, such as unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, tariffs and other market barriers, political, social and economic instability, adverse tax consequences, war, civil disturbances and acts of terrorism, difficulties in accounts receivable collection, extended payment terms and differing labor standards, enforcement of contractual obligations and protection of intellectual property. These risks may lead to increased costs or decreased revenue growth, or both. Although we do not derive any revenue from, nor sell any products in, North Korea, any future increase in tensions between South Korea and North Korea that may occur, such as an outbreak of military hostilities, would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

You may not be able to bring an action or enforce any judgment obtained in United States courts, or bring an action in any other jurisdiction, against us or our subsidiaries or our directors, officers or independent auditors that are organized or residing in jurisdictions other than the United States.

Most of our subsidiaries are organized or incorporated outside of the United States and some of our directors and executive officers as well as our independent auditors are organized or reside outside of the United States. Most of our and our subsidiaries’ assets are located outside of the United States and in particular, in Korea. Accordingly, any judgment obtained in the United States against us or our subsidiaries may not be collectible in the United States. As a result, it may not be possible for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons or to enforce against them or us court judgments obtained in the United States that are predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States or of the securities laws of any state of the United States. In particular, there is doubt as to the enforceability in Korea or any other jurisdictions outside the United States, either in original actions or in actions for enforcement of judgments of United States courts, of civil liabilities predicated on the federal securities laws of the United States or the securities laws of any state of the United States.

Our level of indebtedness is substantial, and we may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness, which may not be successful. A decline in the ratings of our existing or future indebtedness may make the terms of any new indebtedness we choose to incur more costly.

As of December 31, 2012, our total indebtedness was $201.7 million. Our substantial debt could have important consequences, including:

 

 

increasing our vulnerability to general economic and industry conditions;

 

 

requiring a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on our indebtedness, therefore reducing our ability to use our cash flow to fund our operations, capital expenditures and future business opportunities;

 

 

limiting our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, debt service requirements, acquisitions and general corporate or other purposes; and

 

 

limiting our ability to adjust to changing market conditions and placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors who have less debt.

Our ability to make scheduled payments on or to refinance our debt obligations depends on our financial condition and operating performance, which is subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business and other factors beyond our control. We cannot assure you that we will generate a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness.

 

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The credit ratings assigned to our debt reflect each rating agency’s opinion of our ability to make payments on the debt obligations when such payments are due. The current rating of our senior notes is B2 by Moody’s and B+ by Standard and Poors, both of which are below investment grade. A rating may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating agency. We may experience downgrades in our debt ratings in the future. Any lowering of our debt ratings would adversely impact our ability to raise additional debt financing and increase the cost of any such financing that is obtained. In the event any ratings downgrades are significant, we may choose not to incur new debt or refinance existing debt if we are unable to incur or refinance such debt at favorable interest rates or on favorable terms.

If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations or if we are unable to refinance existing indebtedness on favorable terms, we may be forced to reduce or delay capital expenditures, sell assets, seek additional capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. These alternative measures may not be successful and may not permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. In the absence of such operating results and resources, we could face substantial liquidity problems and might be required to dispose of material assets or operations to meet our debt service and other obligations. The indentures governing our notes restrict our ability to dispose of assets and use the proceeds from the disposition. We may not be able to consummate those dispositions or be able to obtain the proceeds which we could realize from them and these proceeds may not be adequate to meet any debt service obligations then due.

We are a holding company and will depend on the business of our subsidiaries to satisfy our obligations under our outstanding senior notes and other obligations.

Each of MagnaChip Semiconductor Corporation, MagnaChip Semiconductor S.A. and MagnaChip Semiconductor B.V. is a holding company with no independent operations of its own. Our subsidiaries, including our principal manufacturing subsidiary, MagnaChip Korea, own all of our operating businesses. Our subsidiaries will conduct substantially all of the operations necessary to fund payments on our outstanding senior notes, other debt and any other obligations. Our ability to make payments on the senior notes and our other obligations will depend on our subsidiaries’ cash flow and their payment of funds to us. Our subsidiaries’ ability to make payments to us will depend on:

 

 

their earnings;

 

 

covenants contained in our debt agreements (including the indenture governing the senior notes) and the debt agreements of our subsidiaries;

 

 

covenants contained in other agreements to which we or our subsidiaries are or may become subject;

 

 

business and tax considerations; and

 

 

applicable law, including any restrictions under Korean law that may be imposed on MagnaChip Korea that would restrict its ability to make payments on intercompany loans from MagnaChip Semiconductor B.V.

We cannot assure you that the operating results of our subsidiaries at any given time will be sufficient to make distributions or other payments to us or that any distributions or payments will be adequate to pay principal and interest, and any other payments, on our outstanding senior notes, other debt or any other obligations when due, and the failure to make such payments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Restrictions on MagnaChip Korea’s ability to make payments on its intercompany loans from MagnaChip Semiconductor B.V., or on its ability to pay dividends in excess of statutory limitations, could hinder our ability to make payments on our 10.500% senior notes due 2018.

We anticipate that payments under our 10.500% senior notes due 2018 will be funded in part by MagnaChip Korea’s repayment of its existing loans from MagnaChip Semiconductor B.V., with MagnaChip Semiconductor B.V. using such repayments in turn to repay the loans owed to MagnaChip Semiconductor S.A. Under the

Korean Foreign Exchange Transaction Act, the minister of the Ministry of Strategy and Finance is authorized to

 

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temporarily suspend payments in foreign currencies in the event of natural calamities, wars, conflicts of arms, grave and sudden changes in domestic or foreign economic conditions, or other similar situations. In addition, under the Korean Commercial Code, a Korean company is permitted to make a dividend payment in accordance with the provisions in its articles of incorporation out of retained earnings (as determined in accordance with the Korean Commercial Code and the generally accepted accounting principles in Korea), but no more than twice a year. If MagnaChip Korea is prevented from making payments under its intercompany loans due to restrictions on payments of foreign currency or if it has an insufficient amount of retained earnings under the Korean Commercial Code to make dividend payments to MagnaChip Semiconductor B.V., we may not have sufficient funds to make payments on the senior notes.

The indenture governing the senior notes contains, and our future debt agreements will likely contain, covenants that significantly restrict our operations.

The indenture governing our outstanding senior notes contains, and our future debt agreements will likely contain, numerous covenants imposing financial and operating restrictions on our business. These restrictions may affect our ability to operate our business, may limit our ability to take advantage of potential business opportunities as they arise and may adversely affect the conduct of our current business, including by restricting our ability to finance future operations and capital needs and by limiting our ability to engage in other business activities. These covenants will place restrictions on our ability and the ability of our operating subsidiaries to, among other things:

 

 

pay dividends, redeem shares or make other distributions with respect to equity interests, make payments with respect to subordinated indebtedness or other restricted payments;

 

 

incur debt or issue preferred stock;

 

 

create liens;

 

 

make certain investments;

 

 

consolidate, merge or dispose of all or substantially all of our assets, taken as a whole;

 

 

sell or otherwise transfer or dispose of assets, including equity interests of our subsidiaries;

 

 

enter into sale-leaseback transactions;

 

 

enter into transactions with our affiliates; and

 

 

designate our subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries.

In addition, our future debt agreements will likely contain financial ratios and other financial conditions tests. Our ability to meet those financial ratios and tests could be affected by events beyond our control, and we cannot assure you that we will meet those ratios and tests. A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under such debt agreements. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under such debt agreements, our lenders under such agreements could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under such debt agreements to be immediately due and payable and terminate all commitments to extend further credit.

The global downturn and related financial crisis negatively affected our business. Poor economic conditions may negatively affect our future business, results of operations and financial condition.

Since 2008, the global downturn and related financial crisis led to slower economic activity, increased unemployment, concerns about inflation and energy costs, decreased business and consumer confidence, reduced corporate profits and capital spending, adverse business conditions and lower levels of liquidity in many financial markets. Consumers and businesses deferred purchases in response to tighter credit and negative financial news, which has in turn negatively affected product demand and other related matters. The global downturn led to reduced customer spending in the semiconductor market and in our target markets, made it difficult for our customers, our vendors and us to accurately forecast and plan future business activities, and caused U.S. and foreign businesses to slow spending on our products. Although recently there have been indications of improved

 

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economic conditions generally and in the semiconductor industry specifically, we cannot assure you of the extent to which such conditions will continue to improve or whether the improvement will be sustainable. If the global economic recovery is not sustained or the global economy experiences another recession, such adverse economic conditions could lead to the insolvency of key suppliers resulting in product delays, limit the ability of customers to obtain credit to finance purchases of our products, lead to customer insolvencies, and also result in counterparty failures that may negatively impact our treasury operations. As a result, our business, financial condition and result of operations could be materially adversely affected in future periods as a result of economic downturns.

We have a history of losses and may not achieve or sustain profitability in the future.

From the time we began operations as a separate entity in 2004 until we emerged from reorganization proceedings in 2009, we generated significant net losses and did not generate a profit for a full fiscal year. We may increase spending and we currently expect to incur higher expenses in each of the next several quarters to support increased research and development and sales and marketing efforts. These expenditures may not result in increased revenue or an increase in the number of customers immediately or at all. Because many of our expenses are fixed in the short term, or are incurred in advance of anticipated sales, we may not be able to decrease our expenses in a timely manner to offset any shortfall of sales. If we cannot maintain profitability, the value of the enterprise may decline.

We emerged from Chapter 11 reorganization proceedings in 2009; because our consolidated financial statements after October 2009 reflect fresh-start accounting adjustments, our current consolidated financial statements will not be comparable in many respects to our financial information from periods prior to that time.

On June 12, 2009, we filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code in order to obtain relief from our debt, which was $845 million as of December 31, 2008. Our plan of reorganization became effective on November 9, 2009. In connection with our emergence from the reorganization proceedings, we implemented fresh-start accounting in accordance with ASC 852 effective from October 25, 2009, which had a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. Thus, our consolidated financial statements after October 2009 will not be comparable in many respects to our consolidated financial statements for periods prior to our adoption of fresh-start accounting and prior to accounting for the effects of the reorganization proceedings.

Investor confidence may be adversely impacted if we fail to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures or are unable to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and as a result, the value of our securities could decline.

We are subject to rules adopted by the Securities Exchange Commission, or SEC, pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which requires us to include in our Annual Report on Form 10-K our management’s report on, and assessment of the effectiveness of, our internal control over financial reporting.

If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting, there is a risk that we will have material weaknesses in the future. Moreover, effective internal controls are necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and are important to helping prevent financial fraud. Any of these possible outcomes could result in an adverse reaction in the financial marketplace due to a loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our consolidated financial statements and could result in investigations or sanctions by the SEC, the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, or other regulatory authorities or in stockholder litigation. Any of these factors ultimately could harm our business and could negatively impact the market price of our securities. Ineffective control over financial reporting could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.

 

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We are also required to periodically assess and report on the adequacy of our disclosure controls and procedures. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. However, our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. See “Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.”

We may need to incur impairment and other restructuring charges, which could materially affect our results of operations and financial conditions.

During industry downturns and for other reasons, we may need to record impairment or restructuring charges. From November 9, 2009, the date we emerged from Chapter 11 reorganization proceedings, through December 31, 2012, we recognized aggregate restructuring and impairment charges of $6.1 million, which consisted of $4.5 million of impairment charges and $1.6 million of restructuring charges. In the future, we may need to record additional impairment charges or to further restructure our business or incur additional restructuring charges, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

We are subject to litigation risks, which may be costly to defend and the outcome of which is uncertain.

All industries, including the semiconductor industry, are subject to legal claims, with and without merit, that may be particularly costly and which may divert the attention of our management and our resources in general. We are involved in a variety of legal matters, most of which we consider routine matters that arise in the normal course of business. These routine matters typically fall into broad categories such as those involving customers, employment and labor and intellectual property. Even if the final outcome of these legal claims does not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows, defense and settlement costs can be substantial. Due to the inherent uncertainty of the litigation process, the resolution of any particular legal claim or proceeding could have a material effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

The price of our common stock may be volatile and you may lose all or a part of your investment.

The trading price of our common stock might be subject to wide fluctuations. Factors, some of which are beyond our control, that could affect the trading price of our common stock may include:

 

 

actual or anticipated variations in our results of operations from quarter to quarter or year to year;

 

 

announcements by us or our competitors of significant agreements, technological innovations or strategic alliances;

 

 

changes in recommendations or estimates by any securities analysts who follow our securities;

 

 

addition or loss of significant customers;

 

 

recruitment or departure of key personnel;

 

 

changes in economic performance or market valuations of competing companies in our industry;

 

 

price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market;

 

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market conditions in our industry, end markets and the economy as a whole;

 

 

subsequent sales of stock and other financings; and

 

 

litigation, legislation, regulation or technological developments that adversely affect our business.

In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a public company’s securities, securities class action litigation often has been instituted against the public company. Regardless of its outcome, this type of litigation could result in substantial costs to us and a likely diversion of our management’s attention. You may not receive a positive return on your investment when you sell your shares, and you could lose some or the entire amount of your investment.

Significant ownership of our common stock by certain stockholders could adversely affect our other stockholders.

Based upon the number of shares of common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2012, our executive officers, directors and Avenue collectively beneficially owned approximately 38.8% of our common stock, excluding shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options and warrants, and 41.3% of our common stock, including shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options and warrants that are exercisable within sixty days of December 31, 2012. In addition, affiliates of Avenue currently have two employees serving as members of our seven-member board of directors. Therefore, Avenue will continue to have significant influence over our affairs for the foreseeable future, including influence over the election of directors and significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or other sale of our company or our assets. On February 8, 2013, Avenue completed the sale of 5,750,000 shares of common stock in an underwritten public offering, after which Avenue beneficially owned approximately 22.2% of our outstanding common stock.

Our concentration of ownership may limit the ability of other stockholders to influence corporate matters and, as a result, we may take actions that our public stockholders do not view as beneficial. For example, our concentration of ownership could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control or otherwise discouraging a potential acquirer from attempting to obtain control of us, which in turn could cause the market price of our common stock to decline or prevent our stockholders from realizing a premium over the market price for their shares of our common stock. In addition, prior to May 7, 2012, we were a “controlled company” for purposes of the NYSE listing requirements, and have been exempt from certain NYSE corporate governance requirements that our board of directors meet the standards of independence established by those corporate governance requirements and exempt from the requirements that we have separate Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees made up entirely of directors who meet such independence standards. We are no longer a “controlled company” within the meaning of the NYSE rules and will no longer be entitled to the benefits described above after May 2013.

Under our certificate of incorporation, our non-employee directors and non-employee holders of five percent or more of our outstanding common stock do not have a duty to refrain from engaging in a corporate opportunity in the same or similar activities or lines of business as those engaged in by us, our subsidiaries and other related parties. Also, we have renounced any interest or expectancy in such business opportunities even if the opportunity is one that we might reasonably have pursued or had the ability or desire to pursue if granted an opportunity to do so.

Future sales of significant amounts of our common stock could negatively affect our stock price, even if our business is doing well.

As of December 31, 2012, Avenue beneficially owned 13,789,539 shares, or approximately 38.1%, of our outstanding common stock, including 555,961 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants that are exercisable within sixty days of December 31, 2012. On February 8, 2013, Avenue completed the sale of 5,750,000 shares of common stock in an underwritten public offering, and as of such date, after giving effect to the offering, beneficially owned approximately 22.2% of our outstanding common stock. All of our

 

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currently outstanding shares that were issued pursuant to Section 1145 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, including Avenue’s shares, are eligible for sale from time to time under Rule 144 or Section 4(1) of the Securities Act subject only to the limitations on affiliate sales. Additionally, all remaining shares beneficially owned by Avenue are registered for resale under an effective shelf registration statement and therefore are eligible for sale at any time or from time to time by Avenue. If any of our current stockholders, including Avenue, sells or is perceived by the market as intending to sell substantial amounts of our common stock, the market price of our common stock could drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.

Provisions in our charter documents and Delaware Law may make it difficult for a third party to acquire us and could depress the price of our common stock.

Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in our management. Among other things, our certificate of incorporation and bylaws:

 

 

authorize our board of directors to issue, without stockholder approval, preferred stock with such terms as the board of directors may determine;

 

 

divide our board of directors into three classes so that only approximately one-third of the total number of directors is elected each year;

 

 

permit directors to be removed only for cause by a majority vote;

 

 

prohibit action by written consent of our stockholders;

 

 

prohibit any person other than our board of directors, the chairman of our board of directors, our Chief Executive Officer or holders of at least 25% of the voting power of all then outstanding shares of capital stock of the corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors to call a special meeting of our stockholders; and

 

 

specify advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals and director nominations.

In addition we are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or DGCL, regulating corporate takeovers and which has an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions not approved in advance by our board of directors, including discouraging takeover attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for shares of our common stock. In general, those provisions prohibit a Delaware corporation from engaging in any business combination with any interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date that the stockholder became an interested stockholder, unless:

 

 

the transaction is approved by the board of directors before the date the interested stockholder attained that status;

 

 

upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced; or

 

 

on or after such date, the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at a meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder.

In general, DGCL Section 203 defines a business combination to include the following:

 

 

any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder;

 

 

any sale, transfer, pledge or other disposition of 10% or more of the assets of the corporation involving the interested stockholder;

 

 

subject to certain exceptions, any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock of the corporation to the interested stockholder;

 

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any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of increasing the proportionate share of the stock of any class or series of the corporation beneficially owned by the interested stockholder; or

 

 

the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits provided by or through the corporation.

In general, DGCL Section 203 defines an interested stockholder as any entity or person beneficially owning 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation and any entity or person affiliated with or controlling or controlled by any such entity or person.

A Delaware corporation may opt out of this provision by express provision in its original certificate of incorporation or by amendment to its certificate of incorporation or bylaws approved by its stockholders. However, we have not opted out of, and do not currently intend to opt out of, this provision.

We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future, and therefore, investors should rely on sales of their common stock as the only way to realize any future gains on their investments.

We do not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The payment of cash dividends on common stock is restricted under the terms of the indenture for our senior notes. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors. Accordingly, investors must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investments.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

Item 2. Properties

Our manufacturing operations consist of three fabrication facilities located in Korea at two sites in Cheongju and one in Gumi. Our facilities have a combined capacity of approximately 139,778 eight-inch equivalent wafers per month. We manufacture wafers utilizing geometries ranging from 0.11 to 2.0 micron. The Cheongju facilities have three main buildings totaling 164,058 square meters devoted to manufacturing and development. The Gumi facility has one main building with 41,022 square meters devoted to manufacturing, testing and packaging.

In addition to our fabrication facilities, we lease facilities in Seoul, Korea, and Cupertino, California. Each of these facilities includes administration, sales and marketing and research and development functions. We lease sales and marketing offices through our subsidiaries in several other countries.

The ownership of our wafer manufacturing assets is an important component of our business strategy. Maintaining manufacturing control enables us to develop proprietary, differentiated products and results in higher production yields, as well as shortened design and production cycles. We believe our facilities are suitable and adequate for the conduct of our business for the foreseeable future and that we have sufficient production capacity to service our business as currently contemplated without significant capital investment.

A substantial majority of our assembly, test and packaging services for our Display Solutions business and all of such services for our Power Solutions business are outsourced with the balance handled in-house. Our independent providers of these services are located in Korea, China, Philippines, Malaysia and Thailand. The relative cost of outsourced services, as compared to in-house services, depends upon many factors specific to each product and circumstance. However, we generally incur higher costs for outsourced services, which can result in lower margins.

 

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Although we own our manufacturing facilities, we are party to a land lease and easement agreement with SK Hynix pursuant to which we lease the land for our facilities in Cheongju, Korea from SK Hynix for an indefinite term. Because we share certain facilities with SK Hynix, several services that are essential to our business are provided to us by or through SK Hynix under our general service supply agreement with SK Hynix. These services include electricity, bulk gases and de-ionized water, campus facilities and housing, wastewater and sewage management, environmental safety and certain utilities and infrastructure support services. The services agreement continues for an indefinite term subject to each party having a right to terminate in the event of an uncured breach by the other party.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

We are subject to lawsuits and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business and intellectual property litigation and infringement claims. Intellectual property litigation and infringement claims, in particular, could cause us to incur significant expenses or prevent us from selling our products. We are currently not involved in any legal proceedings the outcome of which we believe would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

 

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PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information

Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “MX.” Our common stock has not traded on the NYSE during any prior period. Our initial public offering price on March 10, 2011 was $14.00. On January 31, 2013, the last reported sales price of our common stock on the NYSE was $16.02 per share. The table below sets forth the reported high and low sales prices for our common stock since the MagnaChip Corporation IPO.

Price Range of Common Stock

 

     High      Low  

Fiscal 2011

     

First Quarter (since March 11, 2011)

   $ 14.62       $ 13.50   

Second Quarter

   $ 15.56       $ 11.26   

Third Quarter

   $ 11.74       $ 6.67   

Fourth Quarter

   $ 8.59       $ 5.10   

Fiscal 2012

     

First Quarter

   $ 12.67       $ 7.35   

Second Quarter

   $ 12.24       $ 8.61   

Third Quarter

   $ 14.42       $ 8.38   

Fourth Quarter

   $ 16.10       $ 10.85   

 

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Stock Performance Graph

The graph and table below compare the cumulative total stockholder return of our common shares with the cumulative total return of the S&P 500 Index and the Philadelphia Semiconductor Index (PHLX) from March 11, 2011 through December 31, 2012. The graph assumes that $100 was invested on March 11, 2011 in our common shares and in each index and that any dividends were reinvested. No cash dividends have been declared on our common shares since the MagnaChip Corporation IPO.

Comparison of 1 Year Cumulative Total Return*

Among MagnaChip Semiconductor Corporation, the S&P 500 Index and the PHLX (By Quarter)

 

LOGO

 

* The stock performance included in this graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock performance.

Total Return To Stockholders (Including Reinvestment of Dividends)

Quarterly Return Percentage

 

     Quarter Ending  

Company / Index

   3/31/11     6/30/11     9/30/11     12/31/11     3/31/12     6/30/12     9/30/12     12/31/12  

MagnaChip Semiconductor Corporation (from 3/11/11)

     -1.86     -16.22     -41.67     11.31     60.43     -20.58     23.82     34.92

S&P 500 Index

     1.80     0.10     -13.87     11.82     12.59     -2.75     6.35     -0.38

Philadelphia Semiconductor Index

     2.21     -6.18     -17.43     7.56     20.36     -12.1     -0.83     0.47

 

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Indexed Returns

 

    Base
Period
    Quarter Ending  

Company / Index

  3/11/11     3/31/11     6/30/11     9/30/11     12/31/11     3/31/12     6/30/12     9/30/12     12/31/12  

MagnaChip Semiconductor Corporation (from 3/11/11)

  $ 100      $ 98.14      $ 82.23      $ 47.97      $ 53.39      $ 85.65      $ 68.02      $ 84.23      $ 113.63   

S&P 500 Index

  $ 100      $ 101.80      $ 101.90      $ 87.77      $ 98.14      $ 110.49      $ 107.45      $ 114.28      $ 113.84   

Philadelphia Semiconductor Index

  $ 100      $ 102.21      $ 95.90      $ 79.18      $ 85.17      $ 102.51      $ 90.08      $ 89.33      $ 89.75   

Holders

The approximate number of record holders of our outstanding common stock as of January 31, 2013 was 75.

Dividends

We do not intend to pay any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We anticipate that we will retain all of our future earnings for use in the development of our business and for general corporate purposes. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors. The payment of cash dividends on our common stock is restricted under the terms of the indenture governing our senior notes.

On April 19, 2010, we made a $130.7 million cash distribution to our unitholders using proceeds from the sale of our senior notes. The per common unit distribution was $0.4254 or $3.4032 per share after giving effect to the corporate conversion.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

On October 11, 2011, we announced that our board of directors adopted a stock repurchase program whereby we may, subject to prevailing market conditions and other factors, repurchase up to $35.0 million of our outstanding common stock, par value $0.01 per share. The program began on October 27, 2011. On August 13, 2012, we announced that we extended the ending date of the program from October 27, 2012 to October 27, 2013, unless earlier terminated by our board, and we announced that we were increasing the authorized repurchase amount to an aggregate of up to $60.0 million of our outstanding common stock, subject to applicable legal and contractual restrictions. The program does not require that we purchase a minimum amount of shares of our common stock and may be commenced, suspended, resumed or terminated at any time without notice. As of December 31, 2012, we had repurchased 3,964,017 shares of our common stock at an aggregate cost of $39.9 million.

 

Period

   (a) Total Number of
Shares Purchased
     (b) Average
Price Paid
Per Share
     (c) Total Number
of Shares
Purchased as Part
of  Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs
     (d) Maximum Number
(or Approximate Dollar
Value) of Shares  that
May Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans or
Programs
 

October 1, 2012 through October 31, 2012

     —          —          —        $ 25,269,676.17   

November 1, 2012 through November 30, 2012

     170,294       $ 12.49         170,294       $ 23,143,505.91   

December 1, 2012 through December 31, 2012

     235,297       $ 13.01         235,297       $ 20,082,138.01   
  

 

 

       

 

 

    

Total:

     405,591            405,591      

 

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Item 6. Selected Financial Data

The following tables set forth selected historical consolidated financial data of MagnaChip Semiconductor Corporation on or as of the dates and for the periods indicated. The selected historical consolidated financial data presented below should be read together with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements, including the notes to those consolidated financial statements, appearing elsewhere in this Report.

We have derived the selected consolidated financial data as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 and for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 from the historical audited consolidated financial statements of MagnaChip Semiconductor Corporation. We have derived the selected consolidated financial data as of December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 and for the two-month period ended December 31, 2009, the ten-month period ended October 25, 2009 and for the year ended December 31, 2008 from the historical audited consolidated financial statements of MagnaChip Semiconductor LLC not included in this Report. The historical consolidated financial data for the year ended December 31, 2010 and the two-month period ended December 31, 2009 give retroactive effect to the corporate conversion. The historical results of MagnaChip Semiconductor Corporation for any prior period are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in any future period.

 

    Successor(1)          Predecessor  
    Year Ended
December 31,
2012
    Year Ended
December 31,
2011
    Year Ended
December 31,
2010
    Two Month
Period Ended
December 31,
2009
         Ten Month
Period Ended
October 25,
2009
    Years Ended
December 31,

2008
 
    (In millions, except per common unit/share data)  

Statements of Operations Data:

               

Net sales

  $ 819.6      $ 772.8      $ 770.4      $ 111.1          $ 449.0      $ 601.7   

Cost of sales

    556.1        538.5        526.8        90.4            311.1        445.3   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

       

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross profit

    263.5        234.3        243.6        20.7            137.8        156.4   

Selling, general and administrative expenses

    79.0        68.4        66.6        14.5            56.3        81.3   

Research and development expenses

    78.7        76.8        83.5        14.7            56.1        89.5   

Restructuring and impairment charges

    —          4.1        2.0        —              0.4        13.4   

Special expense for IPO incentive

    —          12.1        —          —              —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

       

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating income (loss) from continuing operations

    105.8        72.9        91.4        (8.6         25.0        (27.7

Interest expense, net

    (22.6     (25.0     (22.9     (1.3         (31.2     (76.1

Foreign currency gain (loss), net

    56.0        (11.6     14.7        9.3            43.4        (210.4

Reorganization items, net

    —          —          —          —              804.6        —     

Loss on early extinguishment of senior notes

    —          (5.5     —          —              —          —     

Others

    2.1        (1.0     (0.7     —              —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

       

 

 

   

 

 

 
    35.5        (43.1     (8.9     8.1            816.8        (286.5
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

       

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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    Successor(1)          Predecessor  
    Year Ended
December 31,
2012
    Year Ended
December 31,
2011
    Year Ended
December 31,
2010
    Two Month
Period Ended
December 31,
2009
         Ten Month
Period Ended
October 25,
2009
    Years Ended
December 31,

2008
 
    (In millions, except per common unit/share data)  

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes

    141.3        29.8        82.5        (0.5         841.8        (314.3

Income tax expenses (benefits)

    (52.0     8.0        8.4        1.9            7.3        11.6   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

       

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income (loss) from continuing operations

    193.3        21.8        74.1        (2.5         834.5        (325.8

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes

    —          —          —          0.5            6.6        (91.5
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

       

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

  $ 193.3      $ 21.8      $ 74.1      $ (2.0       $ 841.1      $ (417.3
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

       

 

 

   

 

 

 

Dividends accrued on preferred unit

    —          —          —          —              6.3        13.3   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

       

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to common unit/share

  $ 193.3      $ 21.8      $ 74.1      $ (2.5       $ 828.2      $ (339.1
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

       

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss) attributable to common unit/share

  $ 193.3      $ 21.8      $ 74.1      $ (2.0       $ 834.8      $ (430.6
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

       

 

 

   

 

 

 

Per unit/share data:

               

Earnings (loss) from continuing operations per common unit/share—

               

Basic

  $ 5.29      $ 0.56      $ 1.96      $ (0.07       $ 15.65      $ (6.43

Diluted

  $ 5.16      $ 0.55      $ 1.89      $ (0.07       $ 15.65      $ (6.43

Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations per common unit/share—

               

Basic and diluted

  $ —        $ —        $ —        $ 0.02          $ 0.12      $ (1.73

Earnings (loss) per common unit/share—

               

Basic

  $ 5.29      $ 0.56      $ 1.96      $ (0.05       $ 15.77      $ (8.16

Diluted

  $ 5.16      $ 0.55      $ 1.89      $ (0.05       $ 15.77      $ (8.16

Weighted average number of common units/shares

               

Basic

    36.568        38.776        37.836        37.608            52.923        52.769   

Diluted

    37.497        39.775        39.144        37.608            52.923        52.769   

Balance Sheet Data (at period end):

               

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 182.2      $ 162.1      $ 172.2      $ 64.9            $ 4.0   

Total assets

    790.0        602.7        625.7        453.3              399.2   

Total indebtedness(2)

    201.7        201.4        246.9        61.8              845.0   

Long-term obligations(3)

    201.7        201.4        250.0        61.5              143.2   

Stockholders’/Unitholders’ equity

    310.3        166.7        162.9        215.7              (787.8

Supplemental Data (unaudited):

               

Adjusted EBITDA(4)

  $ 143.5      $ 142.5      $ 157.9             

Adjusted Net Income (5)

    83.5        66.4        89.2             

 

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(1) As of October 25, 2009, the fresh-start adoption date, we adopted fresh-start accounting for our consolidated financial statements. Because of the emergence from reorganization proceedings and adoption of fresh-start accounting, the historical financial information for periods after October 25, 2009 is not fully comparable to periods before October 25, 2009.
(2) Total indebtedness is calculated as long and short-term borrowings, including the current portion of long-term borrowings.
(3) Long-term obligations include long-term borrowings, capital leases and redeemable convertible preferred units.
(4) We define Adjusted EBITDA for the periods indicated as net income (loss), adjusted to exclude (i) depreciation and amortization, (ii) interest expense, net, (iii) income tax expenses (benefits), (iv) restructuring and impairment charges, (v) the increase in cost of sales resulting from the fresh-start accounting inventory step-up, (vi) equity-based compensation expense, (vii) foreign currency loss (gain), net, (viii) derivative valuation loss (gain), net, (ix) expenses incurred for our secondary offering in May 2012 and tax and dues related to value added tax return revisions, which we refer to as secondary offering and others, (x) one-time incentive payments in connection with the MagnaChip Corporation IPO, and (xi) loss on early extinguishment of senior notes. We present Adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental measure of our performance because:

Adjusted EBITDA eliminates the impact of a number of items that may be either one time or recurring items that we do not consider to be indicative of our core ongoing operating performance;

 

   

we believe that Adjusted EBITDA is an enterprise level performance measure commonly reported and widely used by analysts and investors in our industry;

 

   

we anticipate that our investor and analyst presentations after we are public will include Adjusted EBITDA; and

 

   

we believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides investors with a more consistent measurement of period to period performance of our core operations, as well as a comparison of our operating performance to that of other companies in our industry.

We use Adjusted EBITDA in a number of ways, including:

 

   

for planning purposes, including the preparation of our annual operating budget;

 

   

to evaluate the effectiveness of our enterprise level business strategies;

 

   

in communications with our board of directors concerning our consolidated financial performance; and

 

   

in certain of our compensation plans as a performance measure for determining incentive compensation payments.

 

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We encourage you to evaluate each adjustment and the reasons we consider them appropriate. In evaluating Adjusted EBITDA, you should be aware that in the future we may incur expenses similar to the adjustments in this presentation. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure defined in accordance with GAAP and should not be construed as an alternative to income from continuing operations, cash flows from operating activities or net income (loss), as determined in accordance with GAAP. A reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA is as follows:

 

     Successor  
     Year Ended
December 31,
2012
    Year Ended
December 31,
2011
     Year Ended
December 31,
2010
 
     (In millions)  

Net income

   $ 193.3      $ 21.8       $ 74.1   

Adjustments:

       

Depreciation and amortization

     32.4        51.2         58.4   

Interest expense, net

     22.6        25.0         22.9   

Income tax expenses (benefits)

     (52.0     8.0         8.4   

Restructuring and impairment charges(a)

     —          4.1         2.0   

Inventory step-up(b)

     —         —          0.9   

Equity-based compensation expense(c)

     2.0        2.2         5.2   

Foreign currency loss (gain), net(d)

     (56.0     11.6         (14.7

Derivative valuation loss (gain), net(e)

     (2.1     1.0         0.7   

Secondary offering and others(f)

     3.3        —           —    

Special expense for IPO incentive(g)

     —          12.1         —    

Loss on early extinguishment of senior notes(h)

     —          5.5         —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA

   $ 143.5      $ 142.5       $ 157.9   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(a) This adjustment is comprised of all items included in the restructuring and impairment charges line item on our consolidated statements of operations, and eliminates the impact of restructuring and impairment charges related to (i) for 2011, restructuring charges of $1.6 million related to the closure of our research and development center in Japan and sales subsidiary in the U.K. and impairment charges related to $2.0 million from twelve abandoned in-process research and development projects and one dropped existing technology, $0.4 million from one abandoned system project and $0.1 million from impairment of tangible and intangible assets, (ii) for 2010, impairment charges of $2.0 million recorded, of which $1.6 million of impairment charges were recognized for abandoned in-process research and development projects and $0.4 million of impairment charges were recognized as a result of an annual impairment test of in-process research and development, accounted for as indefinite-lived intangible assets as part of the application of fresh-start accounting.
(b) This adjustment eliminates the one-time impact on cost of sales associated with the write-up of our inventory in accordance with the principles of fresh-start accounting upon consummation of the Chapter 11 reorganization.
(c) This adjustment eliminates the impact of non-cash equity-based compensation expenses. Although we expect to incur non-cash equity-based compensation expenses in the future, we believe that analysts and investors will find it helpful to review our operating performance without the effects of these non-cash expenses, as supplemental information.
(d) This adjustment eliminates the impact of non-cash foreign currency translation associated with intercompany debt obligations and foreign currency denominated receivables and payables, as well as the cash impact of foreign currency transaction gains or losses on collection of such receivables and payment of such payables. Although we expect to incur foreign currency translation gains or losses in the future, we believe that analysts and investors will find it helpful to review our operating performance without the effects of these primarily non-cash gains or losses, as supplemental information.
(e) This adjustment eliminates the impact of gain or loss recognized in income on derivatives, which represents hedge ineffectiveness or derivatives value changes excluded from the risk being hedged. We enter into derivative transactions to mitigate foreign exchange risks. As our derivative transactions are limited to a certain portion of our expected cash flows denominated in USD, and we do not enter into derivative transactions for trading or speculative purposes, we do not believe that these charges or gains are indicative of our core operating performance.

 

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(f) This adjustment eliminates expenses incurred for our secondary offering in May 2012 and tax and dues related to value added tax return revisions.
(g) This adjustment eliminates the one-time impact of incentive payments to all employees excluding management in connection with the MagnaChip Corporation IPO.
(h) This adjustment eliminates the impact of loss on repurchase of $46.3 million of our senior notes for the year ended December 31, 2011.

Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation, or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

 

   

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures, or future requirements, for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;

 

   

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;

 

   

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our debt;

 

   

although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements;

 

   

Adjusted EBITDA does not consider the potentially dilutive impact of issuing equity-based compensation to our management team and employees;

 

   

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the costs of holding certain assets and liabilities in foreign currencies; and

 

   

other companies in our industry may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.

Because of these limitations, Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as a measure of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results and using Adjusted EBITDA only supplementally.

 

(5) We present Adjusted Net Income as a further supplemental measure of our performance. We prepare Adjusted Net Income by adjusting net income (loss) to eliminate the impact of a number of non-cash expenses and other items that may be either one time or recurring that we do not consider to be indicative of our core ongoing operating performance. We believe that Adjusted Net Income is particularly useful because it reflects the impact of our asset base and capital structure on our operating performance.

We present Adjusted Net Income for a number of reasons, including:

 

   

we use Adjusted Net Income in communications with our board of directors concerning our consolidated financial performance;

 

   

we believe that Adjusted Net Income is an enterprise level performance measure commonly reported and widely used by analysts and investors in our industry; and

 

   

we anticipate that our investor and analyst presentations after we are public will include Adjusted Net Income.

 

   

Adjusted Net Income is not a measure defined in accordance with GAAP and should not be construed as an alternative to income from continuing operations, cash flows from operating activities or net income (loss), as determined in accordance with GAAP. We encourage you to evaluate each adjustment and the reasons we consider them appropriate. Other companies in our industry may calculate Adjusted Net Income differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure. In addition, in evaluating Adjusted Net Income, you should be aware that in the future we may incur expenses similar to the adjustments in this presentation. We define Adjusted Net Income for the periods indicated as net income (loss), adjusted to

 

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exclude (i) restructuring and impairment charges, (ii) the increase in cost of sales resulting from the fresh-start accounting inventory step-up, (iii) equity-based compensation expense, (iv) amortization of intangibles, (v) foreign currency loss (gain), net, (vi) derivative valuation loss (gain), net, (vii) secondary offering and others, (viii) GAAP and cash tax expense difference, (ix) one-time incentive payments in connection with the MagnaChip Corporation IPO ,and (x) loss on early extinguishment of senior notes.

The following table summarizes the adjustments to net income (loss) that we make in order to calculate Adjusted Net Income for the periods indicated:

 

     Successor  
     Year Ended
December 31,
2012
    Year Ended
December 31,
2011
     Year Ended
December 31,
2010
 
     (In millions)  

Net income

   $ 193.3      $ 21.8       $ 74.1   

Adjustments:

       

Restructuring and impairment charges(a)

     —          4.1         2.0   

Inventory step-up(b)

     —         —          0.9   

Equity-based compensation expense(c)

     2.0        2.2         5.2   

Amortization of intangibles(d)

     7.7        8.1         21.0   

Foreign currency loss (gain), net(e)

     (56.0     11.6         (14.7

Derivative valuation loss (gain), net(f)

     (2.1     1.0         0.7   

Secondary offering and others(g)

     3.3        —           —    

GAAP and cash tax expense difference(h)

     (64.7     —           —    

Special expense for IPO incentive(i)

     —          12.1         —    

Loss on early extinguishment of senior notes(j)

     —          5.5         —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Adjusted Net Income

   $ 83.5      $ 66.4       $ 89.2   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(a) This adjustment is comprised of all items included in the restructuring and impairment charges line item on our consolidated statements of operations, and eliminates the impact of restructuring and impairment charges related to (i) for 2011, restructuring charges of $1.6 million related to the closure of our research and development center in Japan and sales subsidiary in the U.K. and impairment charges related to $2.0 million from twelve abandoned in-process research and development projects and one dropped existing technology, $0.4 million from one abandoned system project and $0.1 million from impairment of tangible and intangible assets, (ii) for 2010, impairment charges of $2.0 million recorded, of which $1.6 million of impairment charges were recognized for abandoned in-process research and development projects and $0.4 million of impairment charges were recognized as a result of an annual impairment test of in-process research and development, accounted for as indefinite-lived intangible assets as part of the application of fresh-start accounting.
(b) This adjustment eliminates the one-time impact on cost of sales associated with the write-up of our inventory in accordance with the principles of fresh-start accounting upon consummation of the Chapter 11 reorganization.
(c) This adjustment eliminates the impact of non-cash equity-based compensation expenses. Although we expect to incur non-cash equity-based compensation expenses in the future, we believe that analysts and investors will find it helpful to review our operating performance without the effects of these non-cash expenses, as supplemental information.
(d) This adjustment eliminates the non-cash impact of amortization expense for intangible assets created as a result of the purchase accounting treatment of the Original Acquisition and other subsequent acquisitions, and from the application of fresh-start accounting in connection with the reorganization proceedings. We do not believe these non-cash amortization expenses for intangibles are indicative of our core ongoing operating performance because the assets would not have been capitalized on our balance sheet but for the application of purchase accounting or fresh-start accounting, as applicable.
(e)

This adjustment eliminates the impact of non-cash foreign currency translation associated with intercompany debt obligations and foreign currency denominated receivables and payables, as well as the

 

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  cash impact of foreign currency transaction gains or losses on collection of such receivables and payment of such payables. Although we expect to incur foreign currency translation gains or losses in the future, we believe that analysts and investors will find it helpful to review our operating performance without the effects of these primarily non-cash gains or losses, as supplemental information.
(f) This adjustment eliminates the impact of gain or loss recognized in income on derivatives, which represents hedge ineffectiveness or derivatives value changes excluded from the risk being hedged. We enter into derivative transactions to mitigate foreign exchange risks. As our derivative transactions are limited to a certain portion of our expected cash flows denominated in USD, and we do not enter into derivative transactions for trading or speculative purposes, we do not believe that these charges or gains are indicative of our core operating performance.
(g) This adjustment eliminates expenses incurred for our secondary offering in May 2012 and tax and dues related to value added tax return revisions.
(h) This adjustment eliminates the impact of difference between GAAP and cash tax expense.
(i) This adjustment eliminates the one-time impact of incentive payments to all employees excluding management in connection with the MagnaChip Corporation IPO.
(j) This adjustment eliminates the impact of loss on repurchase of $46.3 million of our senior notes for the year ended December 31, 2011.

Adjusted Net Income has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation, or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

 

   

Adjusted Net Income does not reflect our cash expenditures, or future requirements, for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;

 

   

Adjusted Net Income does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;

 

   

Adjusted Net Income does not consider the potentially dilutive impact of issuing equity-based compensation to our management team and employees;

 

   

Adjusted Net Income does not reflect the costs of holding certain assets and liabilities in foreign currencies; and

 

   

other companies in our industry may calculate Adjusted Net Income differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.

Because of these limitations, Adjusted Net Income should not be considered as a measure of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results and using Adjusted Net Income only supplementally.

 

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Report. This discussion and analysis contains, in addition to historical information, forward-looking statements that include risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those set forth under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Report.

Overview

We are a Korea-based designer and manufacturer of analog and mixed-signal semiconductor products for high-volume consumer applications. We believe we have one of the broadest and deepest analog and mixed-signal semiconductor technology platforms in the industry, supported by our 30-year operating history, large portfolio of approximately 3,170 registered novel patents and 140 pending novel patent applications and extensive engineering and manufacturing process expertise. Our business is comprised of three key segments: Display Solutions, Power Solutions and Semiconductor Manufacturing Services. Our Display Solutions products include display drivers that cover a wide range of flat panel displays and multimedia devices. Our Power Solutions products include discrete and integrated circuit solutions for power management in high-volume consumer applications. Our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services segment provides specialty analog and mixed-signal foundry services for fabless semiconductor companies that serve the consumer, computing and wireless end markets.

Our wide variety of analog and mixed-signal semiconductor products and manufacturing services combined with our deep technology platform allows us to address multiple high-growth end markets and to rapidly develop and introduce new products and services in response to market demands. Our substantial manufacturing operations in Korea and design center in Korea place us at the core of the global consumer electronics supply chain. We believe this enables us to quickly and efficiently respond to our customers’ needs and allows us to better service and capture additional demand from existing and new customers.

To maintain and increase our profitability, we must accurately forecast trends in demand for consumer electronics products that incorporate semiconductor products we produce. We must understand our customers’ needs as well as the likely end market trends and demand in the markets they serve. We must balance the likely manufacturing utilization demand of our product businesses and foundry business to optimize our facilities utilization. We must also invest in relevant research and development activities and manufacturing capacity and purchase necessary materials on a timely basis to meet our customers’ demand while maintaining our target margins and cash flow.

The semiconductor markets in which we participate are highly competitive. The prices of our products tend to decrease regularly over their useful lives, and such price decreases can be significant as new generations of products are introduced by us or our competitors. We strive to offset the impact of declining selling prices for existing products through cost reductions and the introduction of new products that command selling prices above the average selling price of our existing products. In addition, we seek to manage our inventories and manufacturing capacity so as to mitigate the risk of losses from product obsolescence.

Demand for our products and services is driven primarily by overall demand for consumer electronics products and can be adversely affected by periods of weak consumer spending or by market share losses by our customers. To mitigate the impact of market volatility on our business, we seek to address market segments and geographies with higher growth rates than the overall consumer electronics industry. We expect to derive a meaningful portion of our growth from growing demand in such markets. We also expect that new competitors will emerge in these markets that may place increased pressure on the pricing for our products and services, but we believe that we will be able to successfully compete based upon our higher quality products and services and that the impact from the increased competition will be more than offset by increased demand arising from such markets. Further, we believe we are well-positioned competitively as a result of our long operating history, existing manufacturing capacity and our Korea-based operations.

 

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Within our Display Solutions and Power Solutions segments, net sales are driven by design wins in which we or another company is selected by an electronics OEM or other potential customer to supply its demand for a particular product. A customer will often have more than one supplier designed in to multi-source components for a particular product line. Once designed in, we often specify the pricing of a particular product for a set period of time, with periodic discussions and renegotiations of pricing with our customers. In any given period, our net sales depend heavily upon the end-market demand for the goods in which our products are used, the inventory levels maintained by our customers and in some cases, allocation of demand for components for a particular product among selected qualified suppliers.

Within the Semiconductor Manufacturing Services business, net sales are driven by customers’ decisions on which manufacturing services provider to use for a particular product. Most of our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services customers are fabless and depend upon service providers like us to manufacture their products. A customer will often have more than one supplier of manufacturing services; however, they tend to allocate a majority of manufacturing volume to one of their suppliers. We strive to be the primary supplier of manufacturing services to our customers. Once selected as a primary supplier, we often specify the pricing of a particular service on a per wafer basis for a set period of time, with periodic discussions and renegotiations of pricing with our customers. In any given period, our net sales depend heavily upon the end-market demand for the goods in which the products we manufacture for customers are used, the inventory levels maintained by our customers and in some cases, allocation of demand for manufacturing services among selected qualified suppliers.

In contrast to fabless semiconductor companies, our internal manufacturing capacity provides us with greater control over manufacturing costs and the ability to implement process and production improvements which can favorably impact gross profit margins. Our internal manufacturing capacity also allows for better control over delivery schedules, improved consistency over product quality and reliability and improved ability to protect intellectual property from misappropriation. However, having internal manufacturing capacity exposes us to the risk of under-utilization of manufacturing capacity which results in lower gross profit margins, particularly during downturns in the semiconductor industry.

Our products and services require investments in capital equipment. Analog and mixed-signal manufacturing facilities and processes are typically distinguished by the design and process implementation expertise rather than the use of the most advanced equipment. These processes also tend to migrate more slowly to smaller geometries due to technological barriers and increased costs. For example, some of our products use high-voltage technology that requires larger geometries and that may not migrate to smaller geometries for several years, if at all. Additionally, the performance of many of our products is not necessarily dependent on geometry. As a result, our manufacturing base and strategy does not require substantial investment in leading edge process equipment, allowing us to utilize our facilities and equipment over an extended period of time with moderate required capital investments. Generally, incremental capacity expansions in our segment of the market result in more moderate industry capacity expansion as compared to leading edge processes. As a result, this market, and we, specifically, are less likely to experience significant industry overcapacity, which can cause product prices to plunge dramatically. In general, we seek to invest in manufacturing capacity that can be used for multiple high-value applications over an extended period of time. We believe this capital investment strategy enables us to optimize our capital investments and facilitates deeper and more diversified product and service offerings.

Our success going forward will depend upon our ability to adapt to future challenges such as the emergence of new competitors for our products and services or the consolidation of current competitors. Additionally, we must innovate to remain ahead of, or at least rapidly adapt to, technological breakthroughs that may lead to a significant change in the technology necessary to deliver our products and services. We believe that our established relationships and close collaboration with leading customers enhance our visibility into new product opportunities, market and technology trends and improve our ability to meet these challenges successfully. In our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services business, we strive to maintain competitiveness and our position as a primary manufacturing services provider to our customers by offering high value added, unique processes, high flexibility and excellent service.

 

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Recent Developments

On April 9, 2010, we completed the sale of $250.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 10.500% senior notes due 2018, which we refer to as the senior notes. Of the $238.4 million of net proceeds, $130.7 million was used to make a distribution to our equityholders and $61.6 million was used to repay all outstanding borrowings under our term loan. The remaining proceeds of $46.1 million were retained to fund working capital and for general corporate purposes.

In March 2011, we completed an initial public offering, which we refer to as the “MagnaChip Corporation IPO,” of 9,500,000 shares of common stock, and we listed on the NYSE. All shares were sold in the form of depositary shares and each depositary share represented an ownership interest in one share of common stock. Of the 9,500,000 shares, 950,000 shares were newly issued by us and 8,550,000 shares were sold by selling stockholders. All outstanding depositary shares were automatically cancelled on April 24, 2011 and the underlying shares of common stock were issued to the holders of such cancelled depositary shares. We received $12.4 million of proceeds from the issuance of the new shares of common stock after deducting underwriters’ discounts and commissions, and we did not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of common stock offered by the selling stockholders. We incurred $10.8 million of MagnaChip Corporation IPO expenses that were recorded as decrease of additional paid-in capital in our consolidated balance sheets.

Prior to the MagnaChip Corporation IPO, our board of directors and the holders of a majority of our outstanding common units converted MagnaChip Semiconductor LLC from a Delaware limited liability company to MagnaChip Semiconductor Corporation, a Delaware corporation. In connection with the corporate conversion, outstanding common units of MagnaChip Semiconductor LLC were automatically converted into shares of common stock of MagnaChip Semiconductor Corporation, outstanding options to purchase common units of MagnaChip Semiconductor LLC were automatically converted into options to purchase shares of common stock of MagnaChip Semiconductor Corporation and outstanding warrants to purchase common units of MagnaChip Semiconductor LLC were automatically converted into warrants to purchase shares of common stock of MagnaChip Semiconductor Corporation, all at a ratio of one share of common stock for eight common units.

On May 16, 2011, two of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, MagnaChip Semiconductor S.A. and MagnaChip Semiconductor Finance Company, repurchased $35.0 million out of $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of our senior notes then outstanding at a price of 109.0% from funds affiliated with Avenue Capital Management II, L.P. In connection with the May 2011 repurchase of the senior notes, the Company recognized $4.1 million of loss on early extinguishment of senior notes, which consisted of $3.2 million from repurchase premium, $0.4 million from write-off of discounts, $0.2 million from write-off of debt issuance costs and $0.3 million from incurrence of direct legal and advisory service fees.

On September 19, 2011, two our wholly-owned subsidiaries, MagnaChip Semiconductor S.A. and MagnaChip Semiconductor Finance Company, repurchased $11.3 million out of $215 million aggregate principal amount of our senior notes then outstanding at a price of 107.5%. In connection with the September 2011 repurchase of the senior notes, we recognized $1.4 million of loss on early extinguishment of senior notes, which consisted of $0.9 million from repurchase premium, $0.1 million from write-off of discounts, $0.4 million from write-off of debt issuance costs.

On October 11, 2011, we announced that our board of directors adopted a stock repurchase program whereby we may, subject to prevailing market conditions and other factors, repurchase up to $35.0 million of our outstanding common stock. The stock repurchase program began on October 27, 2011 and will end on October 27, 2012 unless earlier terminated by our board. On August 13, 2012, we announced that our board of directors extended our existing stock repurchase program through October 27, 2013, and increased the total amount of common stock we may repurchase by an additional $25 million, subject to applicable legal and contractual restrictions, for a maximum aggregate repurchase amount under the program of up to $60 million. The stock repurchase program does not require that we purchase a minimum amount of shares of our common

 

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stock and may be commenced, suspended, resumed or terminated at any time without notice. As of December 31, 2012, we had purchased 3,964,017 shares of our common stock in the open market at an aggregate cost of $39.9 million.

On March 2, 2012, our Korean subsidiary, MagnaChip Semiconductor, Ltd., completed the acquisition of Dawin Electronics, a privately-held semiconductor company that designs and manufactures IGBT, Fast Recovery Diode and MOSFET modules. The total consideration paid for the acquisition, amounted to $9.3 million. As a result of the acquisition, we expect to grow our IGBT and FRD business position and improve our IGBT module cost structure using Dawin Electronic’s developed technology and engineering know-how. We expect that the acquisition will be synergistic to our Power Solutions business and be accretive to its revenue. We recorded $3.2 million goodwill at the completion of the acquisition.

Business Segments

We report in three separate business segments because we derive our revenues from three principal business lines: Display Solutions, Power Solutions, and Semiconductor Manufacturing Services. We have identified these segments based on how we allocate resources and assess our performance.

 

 

Display Solutions: Our Display Solutions products include source and gate drivers and timing controllers that cover a wide range of flat panel displays used in LCD televisions and LED televisions and displays, mobile PCs and mobile communications and entertainment devices. Our display solutions support the industry’s most advanced display technologies, such as LTPS and AMOLED, as well as high-volume display technologies such as TFT. Our Display Solutions business represented 36.9%, 43.9% and 39.7% of our net sales for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

 

 

Power Solutions: Our Power Solutions segment produces power management semiconductor products including discrete and integrated circuit solutions for power management in high-volume consumer applications. These products include MOSFETs, LED drivers, DC-DC converters, analog switches and linear regulators, such as low-dropout regulators, or LDOs. Our Power Solutions products are designed for applications such as mobile phones, LCD televisions, and desktop computers, and allow electronics manufacturers to achieve specific design goals of high efficiency and low standby power consumption. Going forward, we expect to continue to expand our power management product portfolio. Our Power Solutions business represented 15.2%, 12.0% and 7.4% of our net sales for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

 

 

Semiconductor Manufacturing Services: Our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services segment provides specialty analog and mixed-signal foundry services to fabless semiconductor companies that serve the consumer, computing and wireless end markets. We manufacture wafers based on our customers’ product designs. We do not market these products directly to end customers but rather supply manufactured wafers and products to our customers to market to their end customers. We offer approximately 310 process flows to our manufacturing services customers. We also often partner with key customers to jointly develop or customize specialized processes that enable our customers to improve their products and allow us to develop unique manufacturing expertise. Our manufacturing services are targeted at customers who require differentiated, specialty analog and mixed-signal process technologies such as high voltage CMOS, embedded memory and power. These customers typically serve high-growth and high-volume applications in the consumer, computing and wireless end markets. Our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services business represented 47.6%, 43.8% and 52.6% of our net sales for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Additional Business Metrics Evaluated by Management

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income

We use the terms Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income throughout this Report. Adjusted EBITDA, as we define it, is a non-GAAP measure. We define Adjusted EBITDA for the periods indicated as net income

 

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(loss), adjusted to exclude (i) depreciation and amortization associated with continuing operations, (ii) interest expense, net, (iii) income tax expenses (benefits), (iv) restructuring and impairment charges, (v) the increase in cost of sales resulting from the fresh-start accounting inventory step-up, (vi) equity-based compensation expense, (vii) foreign currency loss (gain), net, (viii) derivative valuation loss (gain), net, (ix) expenses incurred for our secondary offering in May 2012 and tax and dues related to value added tax return revisions, which we refer to as secondary offering and others, (x) one-time incentive payments in connection with the MagnaChip Corporation IPO, and (xi) loss on early extinguishment of senior notes.

We define Adjusted Net Income for the periods indicated as net income (loss), adjusted to exclude (i) restructuring and impairment charges, (ii) the increase in cost of sales resulting from the fresh-start accounting inventory step-up, (iii) equity-based compensation expense, (iv) amortization of intangibles, (v) foreign currency loss (gain), net, (vi) derivative valuation loss (gain), net, (vii) secondary offering and others, (viii) GAAP and cash tax expense difference, (ix) one-time incentive payments in connection with the MagnaChip Corporation IPO ,and (x) loss on early extinguishment of senior notes.

We present Adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental measure of our performance because:

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA eliminates the impact of a number of items that may be either one time or recurring that we do not consider to be indicative of our core ongoing operating performance;

 

 

we believe that Adjusted EBITDA is an enterprise level performance measure commonly reported and widely used by analysts and investors in our industry;

 

 

our investor and analyst presentations include Adjusted EBITDA; and

 

 

we believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides investors with a more consistent measurement of period to period performance of our core operations, as well as a comparison of our operating performance to companies in our industry.

We use Adjusted EBITDA in a number of ways, including:

 

 

for planning purposes, including the preparation of our annual operating budget;

 

 

to evaluate the effectiveness of our enterprise level business strategies;

 

 

in communications with our board of directors concerning our consolidated financial performance; and

 

 

in certain of our compensation plans as a performance measure for determining incentive compensation payments.

We present Adjusted Net Income for a number of reasons, including:

 

 

we use Adjusted Net Income in communications with our board of directors concerning our consolidated financial performance;

 

 

we believe that Adjusted Net Income is an enterprise level performance measure commonly reported and widely used by analysts and investors in our industry; and

 

 

our investor and analyst presentations will include Adjusted Net Income.

In evaluating Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income, you should be aware that in the future we may incur expenses similar to the adjustments in our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income. Our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income are not measures defined in accordance with GAAP and should not be construed as an alternative to operating income, cash flows from operating activities or net income (loss), as determined in accordance with GAAP.

 

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Our Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $143.5 million and $83.5 million, respectively. Our Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income for the year ended December 31, 2011 were $142.5 million and $66.4 million, respectively. Our Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income for the year ended December 31, 2010 were $157.9 million and $89.2 million, respectively. See “Explanation and Reconciliation of Non-GAAP measures—Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income” beginning on page 62 for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income to GAAP net income.

Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations

Net Sales. We derive a majority of our sales (net of sales returns and allowances) from three reportable segments: Display Solutions, Power Solutions and Semiconductor Manufacturing Services. Our product inventory is primarily located in Korea and is available for drop shipment globally. Outside of Korea, we maintain limited product inventory, and our sales representatives generally relay orders to our factories in Korea for fulfillment. We have strategically located our sales and technical support offices near concentrations of major customers. Our sales offices are located in Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, China and the United States. Our network of authorized agents and distributors consists of agents in the United States and Europe and distributors and agents in the Asia Pacific region. Our net sales from All other consist principally of rental income and the disposal of waste materials.

We recognize revenue when risk and reward of ownership passes to the customer either upon shipment, upon product delivery at the customer’s location or upon customer acceptance, depending on the terms of the arrangement. For the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, we sold products to over 290 and 229 customers, respectively, and our net sales to our ten largest customers represented 63% and 63% of our net sales, respectively. We have a combined production capacity of over 136,000 eight-inch equivalent semiconductor wafers per month. We believe our large-scale, cost-effective fabrication facilities enable us to rapidly adjust our production levels to meet shifts in demand by our end customers.

Gross Profit. Our overall gross profit generally fluctuates as a result of changes in overall sales volumes and in the average selling prices of our products and services. Other factors that influence our gross profit include changes in product mix, the introduction of new products and services and subsequent generations of existing products and services, shifts in the utilization of our manufacturing facilities and the yields achieved by our manufacturing operations, changes in material, labor and other manufacturing costs and variation in depreciation expense.

Average Selling Prices. Average selling prices for our products tend to be highest at the time of introduction of new products which utilize the latest technology and tend to decrease over time as such products mature in the market and are replaced by next generation products. We strive to offset the impact of declining selling prices for existing products through our product development activities and by introducing new products that command selling prices above the average selling price of our existing products. In addition, we seek to manage our inventories and manufacturing capacity so as to preclude losses from product and productive capacity obsolescence.

Material Costs. Our cost of sales consists of costs of raw materials, such as silicon wafers, chemicals, gases and tape, packaging supplies, equipment maintenance and depreciation expenses. We use processes that require specialized raw materials, such as silicon wafers, that are generally available from a limited number of suppliers. If demand increases or supplies decrease, the costs of our raw materials could significantly increase.

Labor Costs. A significant portion of our employees are located in Korea. Under Korean labor laws, most employees and certain executive officers with one or more years of service are entitled to severance benefits upon the termination of their employment based on their length of service and rate of pay. As of December 31, 2012, approximately 98.4% of our employees were eligible for severance benefits.

Depreciation Expense. We periodically evaluate the carrying values of long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, as well as the related depreciation periods. We depreciated

 

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our property, plant and equipment using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of our assets. Depreciation rates vary from 30-40 years on buildings to 5 to 12 years for certain equipment and assets. Our evaluation of carrying values is based on various analyses including cash flow and profitability projections. If our projections indicate that future undiscounted cash flows are not sufficient to recover the carrying values of the related long-lived assets, the carrying value of the assets is impaired and will be reduced, with the reduction charged to expense so that the carrying value is equal to fair value.

Prior to July 1, 2011, we depreciated machinery and measurement equipment using the straight-line method over 5 to 10 years. However, based on an evaluation of the appropriateness of depreciable lives including a review of historical usage and an expansion of our Power Solutions business, we determined that machinery and measurement equipment have a longer life than previously estimated. As a result, we changed the estimate of depreciable lives for machinery and measurement equipment to 10 to 12 years. The purpose of this change was to more accurately reflect the productive life of these assets. In accordance with ASC 250-10-45, “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections,” the change in life has been accounted for as a change in accounting estimate on a prospective basis from July 1, 2011. As a result of the change in the estimated life of machinery and measurement equipment, cost of sales was $4.8 million lower, net income was $5.2 million higher and net income per diluted share was $0.13 higher for the year ended December 31, 2011.

Selling Expenses. We sell our products worldwide through a direct sales force as well as a network of sales agents and representatives to OEMs, including major branded customers and contract manufacturers, and indirectly through distributors. Selling expenses consist primarily of the personnel costs for the members of our direct sales force, a network of sales representatives and other costs of distribution. Personnel costs include base salary, benefits and incentive compensation.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses consist of the costs of various corporate operations, including finance, legal, human resources and other administrative functions. These expenses primarily consist of payroll-related expenses, consulting and other professional fees and office facility-related expenses. Historically, our selling, general and administrative expenses have remained relatively constant as a percentage of net sales, and we expect this trend to continue in the future.

Research and Development. The rapid technological change and product obsolescence that characterize our industry require us to make continuous investments in research and development. Product development time frames vary but, in general, we incur research and development costs one to two years before generating sales from the associated new products. These expenses include personnel costs for members of our engineering workforce, cost of photomasks, silicon wafers and other non-recurring engineering charges related to product design. Additionally, we develop base-line process technology through experimentation and through the design and use of characterization wafers that help achieve commercially feasible yields for new products. The majority of research and development expenses are for process development that serves as a common technology platform for all of our product segments. Consequently, we do not allocate these expenses to individual segments.

Restructuring and Impairment Charges. We evaluate the recoverability of certain long-lived assets and in-process research and development assets on a periodic basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. In our efforts to improve our overall profitability in future periods, we have closed or otherwise impaired, and may in the future close or impair, facilities that are underutilized and that are no longer aligned with our long-term business goals.

Interest Expense, Net. Our interest expense was incurred primarily under our senior notes. In April 2010, we repaid our term loan with a portion of the proceeds from our sale of $250.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 10.500% senior notes due 2018. We repurchased $35.0 million and $11.3 million of such senior notes in May and September 2011, respectively.

Impact of Foreign Currency Exchange Rates on Reported Results of Operations. Historically, a portion of our revenues and greater than the majority of our operating expenses and costs of sales have been denominated in

 

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non-U.S. currencies, principally the Korean won, and we expect that this will remain true in the future. Because we report our results of operations in U.S. dollars converted from our non-U.S. revenues and expenses based on monthly average exchange rates, changes in the exchange rate between the Korean won and the U.S. dollar could materially impact our reported results of operations and distort period to period comparisons. In particular, because of the difference in the amount of our consolidated revenues and expenses that are in U.S. dollars relative to Korean won, depreciation in the U.S. dollar relative to the Korean won could result in a material increase in reported costs relative to revenues, and therefore could cause our profit margins and operating income (loss) to appear to decline materially, particularly relative to prior periods. The converse is true if the U.S. dollar were to appreciate relative to the Korean won. As a result of such foreign currency fluctuations, it could be more difficult to detect underlying trends in our business and results of operations. In addition, to the extent that fluctuations in currency exchange rates cause our results of operations to differ from our expectations or the expectations of our investors, the trading price of our stock could be adversely affected.

From time to time, we may engage in exchange rate hedging activities in an effort to mitigate the impact of exchange rate fluctuations. Our Korean subsidiary enters into foreign currency option, forward and zero cost collar contracts in order to mitigate a portion of the impact of U.S. dollar-Korean won exchange rate fluctuations on our operating results. These foreign currency option, forward and zero cost collar contracts typically require us to sell specified notional amounts in U.S. dollars and provide us the option to sell specified notional amounts in U.S. dollars during successive months to our counterparty in exchange for Korean won at specified exchange rates. Obligations under these foreign currency option, forward and zero cost collar contracts must be cash collateralized if our exposure exceeds certain specified thresholds. These option, forward and zero cost collar contracts may be terminated by the counterparty in a number of circumstances, including if our long-term debt rating falls below B-/B3 or if our total cash and cash equivalents is less than $30.0 million at the end of a fiscal quarter. We cannot assure you that any hedging technique we implement will be effective. If our hedging activities are not effective, changes in currency exchange rates may have a more significant impact on our results of operations.

Foreign Currency Gain or Loss. Foreign currency translation gains or losses on transactions by us or our subsidiaries in a currency other than our or our subsidiaries’ functional currency are included in our statements of operations as a component of other income (expense). A substantial portion of this net foreign currency gain or loss relates to non-cash translation gain or loss related to the principal balance of intercompany balances at our Korean subsidiary that are denominated in U.S. dollars. This gain or loss results from fluctuations in the exchange rate between the Korean won and U.S. dollar.

Income Taxes. We record our income taxes in each of the tax jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves using an asset and liability approach whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for differences in the financial reporting bases and tax bases of our assets and liabilities. We exercise significant management judgment in determining our provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities. We assess whether it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets existing at the period-end will be realized in future periods. In such assessment, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent results of operations. In the event, we were to determine that it would be able to realize the deferred income tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, we would adjust the valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes.

Our operations are subject to income and transaction taxes in the United States and in multiple foreign jurisdictions, including Korea. Significant estimates and judgments are required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes. Some of these estimates are based on interpretations of existing tax laws or regulations. The ultimate amount of tax liability may be uncertain as a result.

Capital Expenditures. We invest in manufacturing equipment, software design tools and other tangible and intangible assets for capacity expansion and technology improvement. Capacity expansions and technology

 

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improvements typically occur in anticipation of seasonal increases in demand. We typically pay for capital expenditures in partial installments with portions due on order, delivery and final acceptance. Our capital expenditures include our payments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment as well as payments for the registration of intellectual property rights.

Inventories. We monitor our inventory levels in light of product development changes and market expectations. We may be required to take additional charges for quantities in excess of demand, cost in excess of market value and product age. Our analysis may take into consideration historical usage, expected demand, anticipated sales price, new product development schedules, the effect new products might have on the sales of existing products, product age, customer design activity, customer concentration and other factors. These forecasts require us to estimate our ability to predict demand for current and future products and compare those estimates with our current inventory levels and inventory purchase commitments. Our forecasts for our inventory may differ from actual inventory use.

Principles of Consolidation. Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of our company and our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation.

Segments. We operate in three segments: Display Solutions, Power Solutions and Semiconductor Manufacturing Services. Net sales for the All other category primarily relate to certain business activities that do not constitute operating or reportable segments.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain information related to our operations, expressed in U.S. dollars and as a percentage of our net sales:

 

     Year Ended
December 31,
2012
    Year Ended
December 31,
2011
    Year Ended
December 31,
2010
 
     Amount     % of
net sales
    Amount     % of
net sales
    Amount     % of
net sales
 
     (In millions)  

Consolidated statements of operations data:

            

Net sales

   $ 819.6        100.0   $ 772.8        100.0   $ 770.4        100.0

Cost of sales

     556.1        67.8        538.5        69.7        526.8        68.4   
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

   

Gross profit

     263.5        32.2        234.3        30.3        243.6        31.6   

Selling, general and administrative expenses

     79.0        9.6        68.4        8.8        66.6        8.6   

Research and development expenses

     78.7        9.6        76.8        9.9        83.5        10.8   

Restructuring and impairment charges

     —          —          4.1        0.5        2.0        0.3   

Special expense for IPO incentive

     —          —          12.1        1.6        —         —    
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

   

Operating income

     105.8        12.9        72.9        9.4        91.4        11.9   

Interest expense, net

     (22.6     (2.8     (25.0     (3.2     (22.9     (3.0

Foreign currency gain (loss), net

     56.0        6.8        (11.6     (1.5     14.7        1.9   

Loss on early extinguishment of senior notes

     —          —          (5.5     (0.7     —         —    

Others

     2.1        0.3        (1.0     (0.1     (0.7     (0.1
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

   
     35.5        4.3        (43.1     (5.6     (8.9     (1.2
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

   

Income before income taxes

     141.3        17.2        29.8        3.9        82.5        10.7   

Income tax expenses (benefits)

     (52.0     (6.3     8.0        1.0        8.4        1.1   
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

   

Net income

   $ 193.3        23.6   $ 21.8        2.8   $ 74.1        9.6
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

   

Net Sales:

            

Display Solutions

   $ 302.2        36.9   $ 339.0        43.9   $ 305.9        39.7

Power Solutions

     124.7        15.2        92.5        12.0        57.3        7.4   

Semiconductor Manufacturing Services

     389.8        47.6        338.3        43.8        405.2        52.6   

All other

     2.8        0.3        3.0        0.4        2.1        0.3   
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

   
   $ 819.6        100.0   $ 772.8        100.0   $ 770.4        100.0
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

   

 

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Results of Operations—Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2012 and 2011

The following table sets forth consolidated results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011:

 

     Year Ended
December 31, 2012
    Year Ended
December 31, 2011
       
     Amount     % of
Net Sales
    Amount     % of
Net Sales
    Change
Amount
 
     (In millions)  

Net sales

   $ 819.6        100.0   $ 772.8        100.0   $ 46.8   

Cost of sales

     556.1        67.8        538.5        69.7        17.6   
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

 

Gross profit

     263.5        32.2        234.3        30.3        29.2   
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses

     79.0        9.6        68.4        8.8        10.6   

Research and development expenses

     78.7        9.6        76.8        9.9        2.0   

Restructuring and impairment charges

     —         —          4.1        0.5        (4.1

Special expense for IPO incentive

     —         —          12.1        1.6        (12.1
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

 

Operating income

     105.8        12.9        72.9        9.4        32.9   
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

 

Interest expense, net

     (22.6     (2.8     (25.0     (3.2     2.4   

Foreign currency gain (loss), net

     56.0        6.8        (11.6     (1.5     67.6   

Loss on early extinguishment of senior notes

     —         —          (5.5     (0.7     5.5   

Others

     2.1        0.3        (1.0     (0.1     3.2   
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

 
     35.5        4.3        (43.1     (5.6     78.6   
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

     141.3        17.2        29.8        3.9        111.5   

Income tax expenses (benefits)

     (52.0     (6.3     8.0        1.0        (60.0
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

 

Net income

   $ 193.3        23.6   $ 21.8        2.8   $ 171.5   
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

 

Net Sales

 

     Year Ended
December 31, 2012
    Year Ended
December 31, 2011
       
     Amount      % of
Net Sales
    Amount      % of
Net Sales
    Change
Amount
 
     (In millions)  

Display Solutions

   $ 302.2         36.9   $ 339.0         43.9   $ (36.8

Power Solutions

     124.7         15.2        92.5         12.0        32.2   

Semiconductor Manufacturing Services

     389.8         47.6        338.3         43.8        51.5   

All other

     2.8         0.3        3.0         0.3        (0.2
  

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

 
   $ 819.6         100.0   $ 772.8         100.0   $ 46.8   
  

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

 

Net sales were $819.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, a $46.8 million, or 6.1%, increase compared to $772.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2011.

Display Solutions. Net sales from our Display Solutions segment were $302.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, a $36.8 million, or 10.8%, decrease compared to $339.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in sales volume related to lower demand for certain consumer electronics products such as digital televisions and PCs and a decrease in average selling prices.

Power Solutions. Net sales from our Power Solutions segment were $124.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, a $32.2 million, or 34.8%, increase compared to $92.5 million for the year ended

 

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December 31, 2011. The increase was primarily due to an increase in sales volume and an increase in average selling prices driven by an improved product mix and higher demand for MOSFET and power management products from existing and new customers as we grew this business.

Semiconductor Manufacturing Services. Net sales from our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services segment were $389.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, a $51.5 million, or 15.2%, increase compared to $338.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. This increase was primarily due to an increase in sales volume of eight-inch equivalent wafers driven by higher market demand and an increase in average selling prices.

All Other. Net sales from All other were $2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, a $0.2 million, or 7.3%, decrease compared to $3.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in the disposal of waste materials.

Net Sales by Geographic Region

The following table sets forth our net sales by geographic region and the percentage of total net sales represented by each geographic region for the years ended December 31, 2012, and 2011:

 

     Year Ended
December 31, 2012
    Year Ended
December 31, 2011
       
     Amount      % of
Net Sales
    Amount      % of
Net Sales
    Change
Amount
 
     (In millions)  

Korea

   $ 379.4         46.3   $ 397.3         51.4   $ (17.9

Asia Pacific

     244.3         29.8        218.2         28.2        26.1   

Japan

     27.4         3.3        58.2         7.5        (30.8

North America

     126.0         15.4        81.7         10.6        44.3   

Europe

     39.3         4.8        14.0         1.8        25.2   

Africa

     3.2         0.4        3.4         0.5        (0.2
  

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

 
   $ 819.6         100.0   $ 772.8         100.0   $ 46.8   
  

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

 

Net sales in North America for the year ended December 31, 2012 increased from $81.7 million to $126.0 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2011, or by $44.3 million, or 54.2%, primarily due to increased demand in the market for Semiconductor Manufacturing Services products. Net sales in Japan for the year ended December 31, 2012 decreased from $58.2 million to $27.4 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2011, or by $30.8 million, or 52.9%, primarily due to decreased demand in the market for Display Solutions products.

Gross Profit

Total gross profit was $263.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to $234.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a $29.2 million, or 12.5%, increase. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales for the year ended December 31, 2012 increased to 32.2% compared to 30.3% for the year ended December 31, 2011. This increase in gross profit was primarily attributable to an increase in average selling prices in our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services segment and in our Power Solutions segment, which were partially offset by a decrease in product sales volume and a decrease in average selling prices in our Display Solutions segment.

Operating Expenses

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general, and administrative expenses were $79.0 million, or 9.6% of net sales for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $68.4 million, or 8.8% of net

 

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sales for the year ended December 31, 2011. The increase of $10.6 million, or 15.5%, was primarily attributable to an increase in salaries and related expenses resulting from an annual salary increase, an increase in outside service fees related to secondary offering expenses and an increase in tax and dues related to value added tax return revisions.

Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $78.7 million, or 9.6% of net sales, an increase of $2.0 million, or 2.5%, from $76.8 million, or 9.9% of net sales for the year ended December 31, 2011. This increase was primarily due to an increase in material costs and an increase in salaries and related expenses resulting from an annual salary increase.

Restructuring and Impairment Charges. We had no restructuring and impairment charges for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to $4.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. Restructuring charges of $1.6 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2011 were related to the closure of our research and development center in Japan and our sales subsidiary in the U.K. Impairment charges of $2.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 consisted of $2.0 million from twelve abandoned in-process research and development projects and one dropped existing technology, $0.4 million from one abandoned system project and $0.1 million from impairment of tangible and intangible assets.

Special expense for the MagnaChip Corporation IPO Incentive. We paid special cash incentive payments to all employees, excluding management, which were contingent upon the consummation of the MagnaChip Corporation IPO in March 2011, and had no corresponding expense in 2012.

Operating Income

As a result of the foregoing, operating income increased by $32.9 million, or 45.1%, in the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the year ended December 31, 2011. As discussed above, the increase in operating income primarily resulted from a $29.2 million increase in gross profit, the payment of a $12.1 million special cash incentive to all employees, excluding management, in connection with the MagnaChip Corporation IPO in 2011 and a $4.1 million decrease in restructuring and impairment charges, which were partially offset by a $10.6 million increase in selling, general and administrative expenses and a $2.0 million increase in research and development expenses.

Other Income (Expense)

Interest Expense, Net. Net interest expense was $22.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, a decrease of $2.4 million compared to $25.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was incurred primarily under our $250.0 million principal amount senior notes issued on April 9, 2010. This decrease was attributable to the repurchase of $35.0 million and $11.3 million out of an initial aggregate amount of $250.0 million of our senior notes on May 16, 2011 and on September 19, 2011, respectively.

Foreign Currency Gain (Loss), Net. Net foreign currency gain for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $56.0 million, compared to net foreign currency loss of $11.6 million for the year December 31, 2011. A substantial portion of our net foreign currency gain or loss is non-cash translation gain or loss associated with intercompany balances at our Korean subsidiary and is affected by changes in the exchange rate between the Korean won and the U.S. dollar. Foreign currency translation gain from intercompany balances was included in determining our consolidated net income since the intercompany balances were not considered long-term investments in nature because management intended to settle these intercompany balances at their respective maturity dates. The Korean won to U.S. dollar exchange rates were 1,071.1:1 and 1,153.3:1 using the first base rate as of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, as quoted by the Korea Exchange Bank.

 

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Loss on early extinguishment of senior notes. We repurchased $35.0 million and $11.3 million out of $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of our senior notes originally outstanding on May 16 and September 19, 2011, respectively. We recognized $5.5 million of loss on early extinguishment of our senior notes, which consisted of $4.0 million from repurchase premium, $0.6 million from write-off of discounts, $0.6 million from write-off of debt issuance costs and $0.3 million from incurrence of direct legal and advisory service fees.

Others. Others were comprised of gains and losses on valuation of derivatives which were designated as hedging instruments. Net gain on valuation of derivatives for the year ended December 31, 2012 represents either hedge ineffectiveness or components of changes in fair value of derivatives excluded from the assessments of hedge effectiveness.

Income Tax Expenses (Benefits). Income tax benefits for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $52.0 million, compared to $8.0 million of income tax expenses for the year ended December 31, 2011. Income tax benefits for the year ended December 31, 2012 were comprised of $62.7 million in income tax benefits from the change of deferred tax assets, $6.0 million of current income tax expenses, net incurred in various jurisdictions in which our subsidiaries are located, $4.2 million of withholding taxes mostly accrued on intercompany interest payments, which would be utilized as foreign tax credits, but due to the uncertainty of utilization, full valuation allowance was recognized and $0.4 million of additional recognition of liabilities for uncertain tax positions.

Net Income

As a result of the foregoing, net income increased by $171.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the year ended December 31, 2011. As discussed above, the increase in net income was primarily due to a $67.6 million increase in foreign currency gain, a $32.9 million increase in operating income, a $2.4 million decrease in interest expenses, a $5.5 million loss on the early extinguishment of senior notes for the year ended December 31, 2011 and a $60.0 million decrease in income tax expenses.

 

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Results of Operations—Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010

The following table sets forth consolidated results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2011 and 2010:

 

     Year Ended
December 31, 2011
    Year Ended
December 31, 2010
       
     Amount     % of
Net Sales
    Amount     % of
Net Sales
    Change
Amount
 
     (In millions)  

Net sales

   $ 772.8        100.0   $ 770.4        100.0   $ 2.4   

Cost of sales

     538.5        69.7        526.8        68.4        11.7   
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

 

Gross profit

     234.3        30.3        243.6        31.6        (9.3
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses

     68.4        8.8        66.6        8.6        1.8   

Research and development expenses

     76.8        9.9        83.5        10.8        (6.7

Restructuring and impairment charges

     4.1        0.5        2.0        0.3        2.1   

Special expense for IPO incentive

     12.1        1.6        —         —         12.1   
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

 

Operating income

     72.9        9.4        91.4        11.9        (18.6
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

 

Interest expense, net

     (25.0     (3.2     (22.9     (3.0     (2.1

Foreign currency gain (loss), net

     (11.6     (1.5     14.7        1.9        (26.3

Loss on early extinguishment of senior notes

     (5.5     (0.7     —         —         (5.5

Others

     (1.0     (0.1     (0.7     (0.1     (0.3
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

 
     (43.1     (5.6     (8.9     (1.2     (34.2
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

     29.8        3.9        82.5        10.7        (52.8

Income tax expenses

     8.0        1.0        8.4        1.1        (0.4
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

 

Net income

   $ 21.8        2.8   $ 74.1        9.6   $ (52.3
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

 

Net Sales

 

     Year Ended
December 31, 2011
    Year Ended
December 31, 2010
       
     Amount      % of
Net Sales
    Amount      % of
Net Sales
    Change
Amount
 
     (In millions)  

Display Solutions

   $ 339.0         43.9   $ 305.9         39.7   $ 33.1   

Power Solutions

     92.5         12.0        57.3         7.4        35.2   

Semiconductor Manufacturing Services

     338.3         43.8        405.2         52.6        (66.9

All other

     3.0         0.3        2.1         0.3        1.0   
  

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

 
   $ 772.8         100.0   $ 770.4         100.0   $ 2.4   
  

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

 

Net sales were $772.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a $2.4 million, or 0.3%, increase compared to $770.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2010.

Display Solutions. Net sales from our Display Solutions segment were $339.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a $33.1 million, or 10.8%, increase compared to $305.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. The increase was primarily due to a 4.6% increase in product sales volume related to higher demand for certain consumer electronics products such as digital televisions, PCs and smart phones and a 4.5% increase in average selling prices due to an improved product mix.

 

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Power Solutions. Net sales from our Power Solutions segment were $92.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a $35.2 million, or 61.6%, increase compared to $57.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. The increase was primarily due to a 56.5% increase in sales volume and a 3.3 % increase in average selling prices driven by an improved product mix and higher demand for MOSFET products from existing and new customers as we expanded this business.

Semiconductor Manufacturing Services. Net sales from our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services segment were $338.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a $66.9 million, or 16.5%, decrease compared to $405.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. This decrease was primarily due to a 23.3% decrease in sales volume of eight-inch equivalent wafers driven by weak market demand, which was partially offset by a 7.0% increase in average selling prices due to an improved product mix of advanced process geometry.

All Other. Net sales from All other were $3.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a $1.0 million, or 47.3%, increase compared to $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. This increase resulted from the disposal of waste materials.

Net Sales by Geographic Region

The following table sets forth our net sales by geographic region and the percentage of total net sales represented by each geographic region for the year ended December 31, 2011, and 2010:

 

     Year Ended
December 31, 2011
    Year Ended
December 31, 2010
       
     Amount      % of
Net Sales
    Amount      % of
Net Sales
    Change
Amount
 
     (In millions)  

Korea

   $ 397.3         51.4   $ 379.1         49.2   $ 18.2   

Asia Pacific

     218.2         28.2        222.1         28.8        (3.9

Japan

     58.2         7.5        57.4         7.5        0.8   

North America

     81.7         10.6        95.2         12.4        (13.5

Europe

     14.0         1.8        14.9         1.9        (0.9

Africa

     3.4         0.5        1.7         0.2        1.7   
  

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

 
   $ 772.8         100.0   $ 770.4         100.0   $ 2.4   
  

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

 

Net sales in Korea for the year ended December 31, 2011 increased from $379.1 million to $397.3 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2010, or by $18.2 million, or 4.8%, primarily due to increased demand in the market for Display Solutions products. Net sales in North America for the year ended December 31, 2011 decreased from $95.2 million to $81.7 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2010, or by $13.5 million, or 14.1%, primarily due to decreased demand for Semiconductor Manufacturing Services products.

Gross Profit

Total gross profit was $234.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to $243.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, a $9.3 million, or 3.8%, decrease. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales for the year ended December 31, 2011 decreased to 30.3% compared to 31.6% for the year ended December 31, 2010. This decrease in gross margin was primarily attributable to an increase in unit cost of sales resulting from lower utilization of manufacturing facilities in our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services segment. Cost of sales for the year ended December 31, 2011 increased by $11.7 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2010. The increase in cost of sales was primarily due to a $13.2 million increase in subcontractor costs due to the increased sales volume in our Power Solutions segment and Display Solutions segment, which was partially offset by a $5.2 million decrease in material costs due to lower sales volume driven by our Semiconductor Manufacturing Services segment.

 

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Operating Expenses

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general, and administrative expenses were $68.4 million, or 8.8% of net sales for the year ended December 31, 2011, compared to $66.6 million, or 8.6% of net sales for the year ended December 31, 2010.

Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2011 were $76.8 million, a decrease of $6.7 million, or 8.1%, from $83.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. This decrease was primarily due to a $8.5 million decrease in depreciation and amortization expenses due to fully amortized existing technology in 2010. Research and development expenses as a percentage of net sales were 9.9% in the year ended December 31, 2011, compared to 10.8% in the year ended December 31, 2010.

Restructuring and Impairment Charges. Restructuring and impairment charges increased by $2.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the year ended December 31, 2010. Restructuring charges of $1.6 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2011 were related to the closure of our research and development center in Japan and sales subsidiary in the U.K. Impairment charges of $2.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 consisted of $2.0 million from twelve abandoned in-process research and development projects and one dropped existing technology, and $0.5 million from one abandoned system project. Impairment charges of $2.0 million recorded in the year ended December 31, 2010 were related to impairment of in-process research and development projects, which were accounted for as indefinite-lived intangible assets as part of the application of fresh-start accounting.

Special expense for the MagnaChip Corporation IPO Incentive. We paid special cash incentive payments to all employees, excluding management, which were contingent upon the consummation of the MagnaChip Corporation IPO, in March 2011, and had no corresponding expense in 2010.

Operating Income

As a result of the foregoing, operating income decreased by $18.6 million, or 20.2%, in the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the year ended December 31, 2010. As discussed above, the decrease in operating income primarily resulted from the payment of a $12.1 million special cash incentive to all employees, excluding management, in connection with the MagnaChip Corporation IPO, a $2.1 million increase in restructuring and impairment charges, a $9.3 million decrease in gross profit and a $1.8 million increase in selling, general and administrative expenses, which were partially offset by a $6.7 million decrease in research and development expenses.

Other Income (Expense)

Interest Expense, Net. Net interest expense was $25.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $2.1 million compared to $22.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2011 was incurred primarily under our $250.0 million principal amount senior notes issued on April 9, 2010. We repurchased $35.0 million and $11.3 million out of $250.0 million initial aggregate principal amount of our senior notes on May 16 and September 19, 2011, respectively. Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2010 was incurred under our $250.0 million principal amount senior notes issued on April 9, 2010 and partially incurred under our $61.6 million principal amount of new term loan, which was fully repaid on April 9, 2010.

Foreign Currency Gain (Loss), Net. Net foreign currency loss for the year ended December 31, 2011 was $11.6 million, compared to net foreign currency gain of $14.7 million for the year December 31, 2010. A substantial portion of our net foreign currency gain or loss is non-cash translation gain or loss associated with intercompany balances at our Korean subsidiary and is affected by changes in the exchange rate between the

 

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Korean won and the U.S. dollar. Foreign currency translation gain from intercompany balances was included in determining our consolidated net income since the intercompany balances were not considered long-term investments in nature because management intended to settle these intercompany balances at their respective maturity dates. The Korean won to U.S. dollar exchange rates were 1,153.3:1 and 1,138.9:1 using the first base rate as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, as quoted by the Korea Exchange Bank.

Loss on early extinguishment of senior notes. We repurchased $35.0 million and $11.3 million out of $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of our senior notes originally outstanding on May 16 and September 19, 2011, respectively. We recognized $5.5 million of loss on early extinguishment of our senior notes, which consisted of $4.0 million from repurchase premium, $0.6 million from write-off of discounts, $0.6 million from write-off of debt issuance costs and $0.3 million from incurrence of direct legal and advisory service fees.

Others. Others were comprised of gains and losses on valuation of derivatives which were designated as hedging instruments. Net loss on valuation of derivatives for the year ended December 31, 2011 represents either hedge ineffectiveness or components of changes in fair value of derivatives excluded from the assessments of hedge effectiveness.

Income Tax Expenses. Income tax expenses for the year ended December 31, 2011 were $8.0 million, compared to income tax expenses of $8.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. Income tax expenses for the year ended December 31, 2011 were comprised of $0.2 million of current income tax expenses, net incurred in various jurisdictions in which our overseas subsidiaries are located, $5.9 million of withholding taxes mostly accrued on intercompany interest payments, which would be utilized as foreign tax credits, but due to the uncertainty of utilization, full valuation allowance was recognized, $0.6 million of additional recognition of liabilities for uncertain tax positions and a $1.3 million income tax effect from the change of deferred tax assets.

Net Income

As a result of the foregoing, net income decreased by $52.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the year ended December 31, 2010. As discussed above, the decrease in net income was primarily due to a $26.3 million decrease in foreign currency gain, a $18.6 million decrease in operating income, a $2.1 million increase in interest expenses and a $5.5 million of loss on early extinguishment of senior notes, which were partially offset by a $0.4 million decrease in income tax expenses.

Explanation and Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income

We define Adjusted EBITDA for the periods indicated as net income (loss), adjusted to exclude (i) depreciation and amortization, (ii) interest expense, net, (iii) income tax expenses (benefits), (iv) restructuring and impairment charges, (v) the increase in cost of sales resulting from the fresh-start accounting inventory step-up, (vi) equity-based compensation expense, (vii) foreign currency loss (gain), net, (viii) derivative valuation loss (gain), net, (ix) expenses incurred for our secondary offering in May 2012 and tax and dues related to value added tax return revisions, which we refer to as secondary offering and others, (x) one-time incentive payments in connection with the MagnaChip Corporation IPO, and (xi) loss on early extinguishment of senior notes. See the footnotes to the table below for further information regarding these items. We present Adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental measure of our performance because:

 

   

Adjusted EBITDA eliminates the impact of a number of items that may be either one time or recurring items that we do not consider to be indicative of our core ongoing operating performance;

 

   

we believe that Adjusted EBITDA is an enterprise level performance measure commonly reported and widely used by analysts and investors in our industry;

 

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our investor and analyst presentations will include Adjusted EBITDA; and

 

   

we believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides investors with a more consistent measurement of period to period performance of our core operations, as well as a comparison of our operating performance to that of other companies in our industry.

We use Adjusted EBITDA in a number of ways, including:

 

   

for planning purposes, including the preparation of our annual operating budget;

 

   

to evaluate the effectiveness of our enterprise level business strategies;

 

   

in communications with our board of directors concerning our consolidated financial performance; and

 

   

in certain of our compensation plans as a performance measure for determining incentive compensation payments.

We encourage you to evaluate each adjustment and the reasons we consider them appropriate. In evaluating Adjusted EBITDA, you should be aware that in the future we may incur expenses similar to the adjustments in this presentation. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure defined in accordance with GAAP and should not be construed as an alternative to income from continuing operations, cash flows from operating activities or net income (loss), as determined in accordance with GAAP. A reconciliation of net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA is as follows:

 

     Successor  
     Year Ended
December 31,
2012
    Year Ended
December 31,
2011
     Year Ended
December 31,
2010
 
     (In millions)  

Net income

   $ 193.3      $ 21.8       $ 74.1   

Adjustments:

       

Depreciation and amortization

     32.4        51.2         58.4   

Interest expense, net

     22.6        25.0         22.9   

Income tax expenses (benefits)

     (52.0     8.0         8.4   

Restructuring and impairment charges(a)

     —         4.1         2.0   

Inventory step-up(b)

     —         —          0.9   

Equity-based compensation expense(c)

     2.0        2.2         5.2   

Foreign currency loss (gain), net(d)

     (56.0     11.6         (14.7

Derivative valuation loss (gain), net(e)

     (2.1     1.0         0.7   

Secondary offering and others(f)

     3.3        —           —    

Special expense for IPO incentive(g)

     —          12.1         —    

Loss on early extinguishment of senior notes(h)

     —          5.5         —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA

   $ 143.5      $ 142.5       $ 157.9   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(a) This adjustment is comprised of all items included in the restructuring and impairment charges line item on our consolidated statements of operations, and eliminates the impact of restructuring and impairment charges related to (i) for 2011, restructuring charges of $1.6 million related to the closure of our research and development center in Japan and sales subsidiary in the U.K. and impairment charges related to $2.0 million from twelve abandoned in-process research and development projects and one dropped existing technology, $0.4 million from one abandoned system project and $0.1 million from impairment of tangible and intangible assets, (ii) for 2010, impairment charges of $2.0 million recorded, of which $1.6 million of impairment charges were recognized for abandoned in-process research and development projects and $0.4 million of impairment charges were recognized as a result of an annual impairment test of in-process research and development, accounted for as indefinite-lived intangible assets as part of the application of fresh-start accounting.

 

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(b) This adjustment eliminates the one-time impact on cost of sales associated with the write-up of our inventory in accordance with the principles of fresh-start accounting upon consummation of the Chapter 11 reorganization.
(c) This adjustment eliminates the impact of non-cash equity-based compensation expenses. Although we expect to incur non-cash equity-based compensation expenses in the future, we believe that analysts and investors will find it helpful to review our operating performance without the effects of these non-cash expenses, as supplemental information.
(d) This adjustment eliminates the impact of non-cash foreign currency translation associated with intercompany debt obligations and foreign currency denominated receivables and payables, as well as the cash impact of foreign currency transaction gains or losses on collection of such receivables and payment of such payables. Although we expect to incur foreign currency translation gains or losses in the future, we believe that analysts and investors will find it helpful to review our operating performance without the effects of these primarily non-cash gains or losses, as supplemental information.
(e) This adjustment eliminates the impact of gain or loss recognized in income on derivatives, which represents hedge ineffectiveness or derivatives value changes excluded from the risk being hedged. We enter into derivative transactions to mitigate foreign exchange risks. As our derivative transactions are limited to a certain portion of our expected cash flows denominated in USD, and we do not enter into derivative transactions for trading or speculative purposes, we do not believe that these charges or gains are indicative of our core operating performance.
(f) This adjustment eliminates expenses incurred for our secondary offering in May 2012 and tax and dues related to value added tax return revisions.
(g) This adjustment eliminates the one-time impact of incentive payments to all employees excluding management in connection with the MagnaChip Corporation IPO.
(h) This adjustment eliminates the impact of loss on repurchase of $46.3 million of our senior notes for the year ended December 31, 2011.

Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation, or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

 

   

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures, or future requirements, for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;

 

   

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;

 

   

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our debt;

 

   

although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements;

 

   

Adjusted EBITDA does not consider the potentially dilutive impact of issuing equity-based compensation to our management team and employees;

 

   

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the costs of holding certain assets and liabilities in foreign currencies; and

 

   

other companies in our industry may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.

Because of these limitations, Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as a measure of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results and using Adjusted EBITDA only supplementally.

We present Adjusted Net Income as a further supplemental measure of our performance. We prepare Adjusted Net Income by adjusting net income (loss) to eliminate the impact of a number of non-cash expenses

 

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and other items that may be either one time or recurring that we do not consider to be indicative of our core ongoing operating performance. We believe that Adjusted Net Income is particularly useful because it reflects the impact of our asset base and capital structure on our operating performance. We present Adjusted Net Income for a number of reasons, including:

 

   

we use Adjusted Net Income in communications with our board of directors concerning our consolidated financial performance;

 

   

we believe that Adjusted Net Income is an enterprise level performance measure commonly reported and widely used by analysts and investors in our industry; and

 

   

our investor and analyst presentations will include Adjusted Net Income.

Adjusted Net Income is not a measure defined in accordance with GAAP and should not be construed as an alternative to income from continuing operations, cash flows from operating activities or net income (loss), as determined in accordance with GAAP. We encourage you to evaluate each adjustment and the reasons we consider them appropriate. Other companies in our industry may calculate Adjusted Net Income differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure. In addition, in evaluating Adjusted Net Income, you should be aware that in the future we may incur expenses similar to the adjustments in this presentation. We define Adjusted Net Income for the periods indicated as net income (loss), adjusted to exclude (i) restructuring and impairment charges, (ii) the increase in cost of sales resulting from the fresh-start accounting inventory step-up, (iii) equity-based compensation expense, (iv) amortization of intangibles, (v) foreign currency loss (gain), net, (vi) derivative valuation loss (gain), net, (vii) secondary offering and others, (viii) GAAP and cash tax expense difference, (ix) one-time incentive payments in connection with the MagnaChip Corporation IPO ,and (x) loss on early extinguishment of senior notes.

The following table summarizes the adjustments to net income (loss) that we make in order to calculate Adjusted Net Income for the periods indicated:

 

     Successor  
     Year Ended
December 31,
2012
    Year Ended
December 31,
2011
     Year Ended
December 31,
2010
 
     (In millions)  

Net income

   $ 193.3      $ 21.8       $ 74.1   

Adjustments:

       

Restructuring and impairment charges(a)

     —          4.1         2.0   

Inventory step-up(b)

     —         —          0.9   

Equity-based compensation expense(c)

     2.0        2.2         5.2   

Amortization of intangibles(d)

     7.7        8.1         21.0   

Foreign currency loss (gain), net(e)

     (56.0     11.6         (14.7

Derivative valuation loss (gain), net(f)

     (2.1     1.0         0.7   

Secondary offering and others(g)

     3.3        —           —    

GAAP and cash tax expense difference(h)

     (64.7     —           —    

Special expense for IPO incentive(i)

     —          12.1         —    

Loss on early extinguishment of senior notes(j)

     —          5.5         —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Adjusted Net Income

   $ 83.5      $ 66.4       $ 89.2   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(a)

This adjustment is comprised of all items included in the restructuring and impairment charges line item on our consolidated statements of operations, and eliminates the impact of restructuring and impairment charges related to (i) for 2011, restructuring charges of $1.6 million related to the closure of our research and development center in Japan and sales subsidiary in the U.K. and impairment charges related to $2.0 million from twelve abandoned in-process research and development projects and one dropped existing technology, $0.4 million from one abandoned system project and $0.1 million from impairment of tangible

 

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  and intangible assets, (ii) for 2010, impairment charges of $2.0 million recorded, of which $1.6 million of impairment charges were recognized for abandoned in-process research and development projects and $0.4 million of impairment charges were recognized as a result of an annual impairment test of in-process research and development, accounted for as indefinite-lived intangible assets as part of the application of fresh-start accounting.
(b) This adjustment eliminates the one-time impact on cost of sales associated with the write-up of our inventory in accordance with the principles of fresh-start accounting upon consummation of the Chapter 11 reorganization.
(c) This adjustment eliminates the impact of non-cash equity-based compensation expenses. Although we expect to incur non-cash equity-based compensation expenses in the future, we believe that analysts and investors will find it helpful to review our operating performance without the effects of these non-cash expenses, as supplemental information.
(d) This adjustment eliminates the non-cash impact of amortization expense for intangible assets created as a result of the purchase accounting treatment of the Original Acquisition and other subsequent acquisitions, and from the application of fresh-start accounting in connection with the reorganization proceedings. We do not believe these non-cash amortization expenses for intangibles are indicative of our core ongoing operating performance because the assets would not have been capitalized on our balance sheet but for the application of purchase accounting or fresh-start accounting, as applicable.
(e) This adjustment eliminates the impact of non-cash foreign currency translation associated with intercompany debt obligations and foreign currency denominated receivables and payables, as well as the cash impact of foreign currency transaction gains or losses on collection of such receivables and payment of such payables. Although we expect to incur foreign currency translation gains or losses in the future, we believe that analysts and investors will find it helpful to review our operating performance without the effects of these primarily non-cash gains or losses, as supplemental information.
(f) This adjustment eliminates the impact of gain or loss recognized in income on derivatives, which represents hedge ineffectiveness or derivatives value changes excluded from the risk being hedged. We enter into derivative transactions to mitigate foreign exchange risks. As our derivative transactions are limited to a certain portion of our expected cash flows denominated in USD, and we do not enter into derivative transactions for trading or speculative purposes, we do not believe that these charges or gains are indicative of our core operating performance.
(g) This adjustment eliminates expenses incurred for our secondary offering in May 2012 and tax and dues related to value added tax return revisions.
(h) This adjustment eliminates the impact of difference between GAAP and cash tax expense.
(i) This adjustment eliminates the one-time impact of incentive payments to all employees excluding management in connection with the MagnaChip Corporation IPO.
(j) This adjustment eliminates the impact of loss on repurchase of $46.3 million of our senior notes for the year ended December 31, 2011.

Adjusted Net Income has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation, or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

 

   

Adjusted Net Income does not reflect our cash expenditures, or future requirements, for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;

 

   

Adjusted Net Income does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;

 

   

Adjusted Net Income does not consider the potentially dilutive impact of issuing equity-based compensation to our management team and employees;

 

   

Adjusted Net Income does not reflect the costs of holding certain assets and liabilities in foreign currencies; and

 

   

other companies in our industry may calculate Adjusted Net Income differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.

 

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Because of these limitations, Adjusted Net Income should not be considered as a measure of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results and using Adjusted Net Income only supplementally.

Periodic Results of Operations

The following tables set forth unaudited selected consolidated financial data for each of the quarters in the eight-quarter period ended December 31, 2012. The information for each of these periods has been prepared on the same basis as the audited financial statements included elsewhere in this Report and, in the opinion of management, includes adjustments for normal recurring items, necessary for the fair statement of the results of operations for these periods. This data should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Report. These operating results are not necessarily indicative of our operating results for any future period.

 

    Three months ended  
    December 31,
2012*
    September 30,
2012*
    June 30,
2012*
    March 31,
2012*
    December 31,
2011*
    September 30,
2011*
    June 30,
2011*
    March 31,
2011*
 
    (In millions)  

Statements of Operations Data:

               

Net sales

  $ 218.1      $ 221.9      $ 202.6      $ 177.0      $ 180.8      $ 200.4      $ 203.7      $ 187.9   

Cost of sales

    143.8        145.5        139.8        127.1        129.3        140.3        137.5        131.4   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross profit

    74.3        76.4        62.9        49.9        51.5        60.1        66.2        56.5   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses

    19.3        21.4        20.1        18.2        17.5        17.9        17.5        15.4   

Research and development expenses

    19.7        19.4        19.8        19.8        18.7        19.0        20.6        18.5   

Restructuring and impairment charges

    —         —          —          —         —         1.6        2.5        —    

Special expense for IPO incentive

    —         —         —         —          —         —         —         12.1   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating income

    35.3        35.6        23.0        11.9        15.3        21.6        25.6        10.4   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Interest expense, net

    (5.7     (5.7     (5.6     (5.6     (5.6     (5.9     (6.4     (7.1

Foreign currency gain (loss), net

    33.7        21.8        (10.6     11.1        16.8        (68.1     18.2        21.4   

Loss on early extinguishment of senior notes

    —         —          —          —         —         (1.4     (4.1     —    

Others

    0.6        0.6        0.7        0.1        (0.9     (0.5     0.2        0.2   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    28.6        16.7        (15.5     5.6        10.3        (75.8     8.0        14.4   

Income (loss) before income taxes

    64.0        52.3        7.5        17.5        25.6        (54.2     33.6        24.8   

Income tax expenses (benefits)

    (61.3     3.9        3.2        2.2        1.9        1.8        2.0        2.4   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

  $ 125.3      $ 48.4      $ 4.3      $ 15.3      $ 23.7      $ (56.0   $ 31.6      $ 22.5   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Earning (loss) per share/unit—

               

Basic

  $ 3.50      $ 1.34      $ 0.12      $ 0.41      $ 0.61      $ (1.43   $ 0.81      $ 0.59   

Diluted

  $ 3.38      $ 1.30      $ 0.12      $ 0.40      $ 0.61      $ (1.43   $ 0.78      $ 0.57   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Supplemental Data (unaudited):

               

Adjusted EBITDA(1)

  $ 44.4      $ 46.7      $ 32.6      $ 19.8      $ 24.5      $ 36.8      $ 44.1      $ 37.1   

Adjusted Net Income(2)

    28.7        30.4        17.9        6.5        10.1        18.2        22.4        15.7   

 

* Derived from our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

 

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(1) We define Adjusted EBITDA for the periods indicated as net income (loss), adjusted to exclude (i) depreciation and amortization, (ii) interest expense, net, (iii) income tax expenses (benefits), (iv) restructuring and impairment charges, (v) equity-based compensation expense, (vi) foreign currency loss (gain), net, (vii) derivative valuation loss (gain), net, (viii) expenses incurred for our secondary offering in May 2012 and tax and dues related to value added tax return revisions, which we refer to as secondary offering and others, (ix) one-time incentive payments in connection with the MagnaChip Corporation IPO, and (x) loss on early extinguishment of senior notes. A reconciliation of net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA is as follows:

 

    Three months ended  
    December 31,
2012
    September 30,
2012
    June 30,
2012
    March 31,
2012
    December 31,
2011
    September 30,
2011
    June 30,
2011
    March 31,
2011
 
    (In millions)  

Net income (loss)

  $ 125.3      $ 48.4      $ 4.3      $ 15.3      $ 23.7      $ (56.0   $ 31.6      $ 22.5   

Adjustments:

               

Depreciation and amortization

    8.6        8.5        7.9        7.5        8.9        13.0        15.4        13.9   

Interest expense, net

    5.7        5.7        5.6        5.6        5.6        5.9        6.4        7.1   

Income tax expenses (benefits)

    (61.3     3.9        3.2        2.2        1.9        1.8        2.0        2.4   

Restructuring and impairment charges(a)

    —         —          —          —         —         1.6        2.5        —    

Equity-based compensation expense(b)

    0.5        0.5        0.5        0.5        0.3        0.6        0.6        0.6   

Foreign currency loss (gain), net(c)

    (33.7     (21.8     10.6        (11.1     (16.8     68.1        (18.2     (21.4

Derivative valuation loss (gain), net(d)

    (0.6     (0.6     (0.7     (0.1     0.9        0.5        (0.2     (0.2

Secondary offering and others(e)

    —         2.1        1.2        —         —         —         —         —    

Special expense for IPO incentive(f)

    —         —         —         —          —         —         —         12.1   

Loss on early extinguishment of senior notes(g)

    —