UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K/A
(Amendment No. 1)
FOR ANNUAL AND TRANSITION REPORTS
PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
| x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2003 |
OR
| ¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| For the transition period from to |
Commission File Number: 0-29357
CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 93-1051328 | |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
20400 Stevens Creek Blvd., Suite 400
Cupertino, California 95014
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(408) 517-6100
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock $.001 Par Value per Share
(Title of Class)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days: Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K/A or any amendment to this Form 10-K/A. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Yes x No ¨
State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of June 30, 2003, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter: $70,364,922.
As of February 27, 2004, there were 71,740,677 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
None.
Explanatory Note
This amendment does not reflect events occurring after the original filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003 (the “Form 10-K”) or modify or update those disclosures, except to reflect certain revisions and clarifications in Items 1, 7, 8, 9A and 10 through 15 of this Amendment No. 1 to the Form 10-K.
FORM 10-K/A
INDEX
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FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
Except for the historical information contained herein, this Annual Report contains certain information that is forward-looking in nature. This information is based on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections about our business and our industry, and involves known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our or our industry’s results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied in, or contemplated by the forward-looking statements. Words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “estimate,” “predict,” “guidance,” “potential,” “continue” or the negative of such terms or other similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, projections or other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements as a result of several factors more fully described under the caption “Risk Factors” and those discussed elsewhere in this document. These and many other factors could affect the future financial and operating results of Chordiant. Chordiant undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events after the date of this report.
Overview
We (Chordiant Software, Inc.) are an enterprise software vendor that offers software solutions for global business to consumer companies that seek to improve the quality of their customer interactions and to reduce costs through increased employee productivity and process efficiencies. We concentrate on serving global customers in retail financial services, communications and consumer direct industries.
We deliver a complete customer solution that includes software applications and tools and services that enable businesses to integrate their customer information and corporate systems so that they can have an accurate, real-time view of their customers across multiple forms of customer interaction.
We believe our solutions offer great flexibility to businesses to set business policies and processes to control the quality of servicing, fulfillment and marketing to their customers. Our solutions enable companies to control and change their business policies and processes. We believe that we are leaders in providing business process driven solutions for customer management.
Our software solutions and architecture are based on leading industry standards that are widely adopted by business customers in the industries we serve. We believe these solutions are capable of being the foundation for contemporary distributed computing environments required by global business-to-consumer enterprises.
The Chordiant Solution
The complexities of integrating software for complex and disparate information systems to enable a real-time view for customer interactions have forced enterprises to settle for prepackaged customer system applications that require predetermined, inflexible, vendor-defined customer data models, processes and solutions. Custom-built solutions sometimes yielded better results, but have been slow to build, costly to deliver and expensive to maintain.
The complexities of marketing, selling and servicing multiple product lines to many customers have confounded the efforts of many prepackaged customer software application vendors, delivering only static versus dynamic customer solutions. We believe that contemporary organizations require flexible solutions with real-time capabilities that are delivered across the enterprise and are powered by business rules and processes that address this complex business environment and constantly changing customer needs.
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Our product solutions are designed for global enterprises seeking to optimize marketing, selling and servicing efforts. We have designed our products to integrate customer information from different data sources, generate business processes based on a customer’s specific profile and requests, and provide uniform service and data to customers across multiple communication channels. Our products are designed to enable companies to deliver appropriate offers and information to a targeted customer at the time of customer need.
Key benefits of our solutions include the following:
Comprehensive single view of the customer in real-time. Companies that have a comprehensive profile of each customer and that distribute information throughout their enterprise to the points of customer contact can provide a more consistent and personalized consumer experience. Our integration and data management technology helps companies develop a real-time profile of the customer by integrating, consolidating and managing data derived from external and internal sources. Our solution uses multiple data sources, existing applications and transaction systems to build a comprehensive profile of the customer and generate the appropriate response at the time of customer contact.
Automated, sophisticated decision-making processes. Workflow and rules-driven business processes help companies to make automated, yet informed, decisions about customer inquiries. Our workflow processing server technology supports customizable business processes allowing companies to manage processes and execute business rules consistently. Our business process designer is a graphical user interface application that allows companies to customize and automate their unique processes and business rules. Business rules, policies, and processes can be changed and reused quickly in a number of customer-facing applications. Our sophisticated routing engine is designed to allow companies to instantly determine how to respond to specific customer inquiries and generate offers appropriate for particular customers.
Consistent customer experience across multiple channels. We believe that companies providing customers with a consistent experience across multiple communication channels enjoy greater customer satisfaction because customers are able to receive the same reliable service and information regardless of how they choose to contact the company. There is a large and increasing number of customer communications channels, including web, e-mail, fax, self-service systems, mobile devices, call centers and retail outlets. Our solutions implement a common set of business processes and rules uniformly across systems already existing in different customer communications channels.
Standard and customizable business services. We believe that companies that implement their unique business processes will realize greater levels of efficiency, consistency and customer satisfaction. We believe this results in customer cost improvements and customer service index improvements. Our solutions provide a broad set of standard business objects, or fundamental business functions, that are common across industries. These standard business objects can be modified to accommodate specific customer and business processes, policies and transactions of individual companies. Additionally, our solutions adapt to many existing company transaction systems and legacy data warehouses thereby leveraging these existing investments companies have previously made. We believe our solutions allow companies an increased return on their existing information systems as measured by increased retention rates, increased revenue per customer and increased profitability.
Product Solutions
Our solutions are designed to address the enterprise requirements of global consumer companies serving millions of individual customers across multiple business channels integrating multiple lines of business. Our solutions are designed to enable global business-to-consumer enterprises to optimize marketing, selling and servicing efforts. The solution suite is typically licensed as an integrated set of products, applications and functionalities based on an open systems environment capable of deployment throughout a customer’s information technology infrastructure. We generally segregate our solutions into two product families which can be sold and implemented separately from each other. One product family is our marketing solution with it
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various components. The other product family is our enterprise solutions which consists of our enterprise platform and selling and services applications. This integrated suite includes the following products:
Chordiant 5 Marketing. Chordiant 5 Marketing automates the ongoing, complex marketing processes required to plan, define, execute and optimize marketing campaigns of business-to-consumer enterprises. The Chordiant 5 Marketing solution is an integrated set of applications designed to support a full range of marketing relationship management processes. Chordiant 5 Marketing is comprised of the following applications:
| • | Chordiant 5 Marketing Director powers complex relationship marketing campaigns across all traditional media channels: direct mail, telesales, and print and broadcast advertising. |
| • | Chordiant 5 Online Marketing provides the execution server for web and e-mail based marketing campaigns. Chordiant 5 Mobile Marketing provides the execution server for mobile devices such as cellular phones. |
| • | Chordiant 5 OneReporting provides real-time access to detailed marketing and customer information for creating reports, analysis and intelligent marketing decision-making. |
Chordiant 5 Selling and Servicing. Chordiant 5 Selling & Servicing provides role-based application interfaces that optimize real-time, process driven interactions between a company and its customers. The solution provides a company’s employees who interact with customers and business partners a series of role-based interfaces for matching a company’s unique business policies and processes to individual customers to optimize selling and servicing interactions. The solution automates a company’s business policies and processes which in turn accelerates customer sales cycles, improves customer interactions and gains consistent customer interactions. By using Chordiant 5 Selling & Servicing applications, companies are able to increase the effectiveness of sales or service offerings by matching customer profiles and contact histories with appropriate offers to increase cross-sell effectiveness and opportunities. The Chordiant 5 Selling & Servicing solution suite is comprised of the following application products:
| • | Chordiant 5 Branch Advisor is a web browser-based application that allows customer information and application functionality to be broadly shared within and outside a company. Chordiant 5 Branch Advisor helps a company’s employees and partners optimize customer selling and servicing interactions through a company’s branch, back-office and partner/retail operations. |
| • | Chordiant 5 Call Center Advisor is a web browser-based application designed to provide a full set of servicing and selling business processes for high volume transactional call centers. The desktop environment is completely browser-based and utilizes unique server-side computer telephony integration provided in the Chordiant 5 Enterprise Platform for call handling, queuing, routing and sequencing customer communications, application processes and work fulfillment. The environment is designed to meet the significant performance and time-dependency requirements supporting high-volume transaction and business processes common to enterprise contact centers. |
The Chordiant 5 Enterprise Platform. The Chordiant 5 Enterprise Platform provides a number of software servers for managing a company’s business to consumer policies, processes, profiles and integration interfaces and connections. The Chordiant 5 Enterprise Platform includes the Chordiant 5 Foundation Server, a set of Chordiant 5 application connectors, and four optional Chordiant 5 application server products.
| • | Chordiant 5 Foundation Server provides the software infrastructure to allow companies to access multiple data resources residing with a company’s transaction systems and fulfillment systems while integrating with many existing enterprise back-office applications. Chordiant 5 Foundation Server integrates and communicates with telephony equipment, legacy systems and transactional applications. The Foundation Server enables multiple workflow-driven interfaces and support for electronic communications, telephony systems and switches, relational databases, back-office business applications and legacy data warehouses. The Foundation Server includes a business process server, an |
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| integration server, an integrated set of application components and integrated tool environment for application customization and deployment. |
| • | Chordiant 5 Collaboration Server is a Web-based interaction server that includes functionality for online chat, Web page publishing, synchronized co-browsing, and provides support for advanced Web applications. |
| • | Chordiant 5 Rules Server is a configurable business policies server that allows companies to implement policies specific to their customer profiles, offers and business processes. |
| • | Chordiant 5 Knowledge Server is a knowledge based server designed to provide intelligent responses to customer requests that are based on customer profiles, offerings of interest and an optimized set of similar inquiries. |
| • | Chordiant 5 Connectors are connectivity applications that allow a business to access information and communications systems for maintaining persistent, real-time connections between information technology systems. |
| • | Chordiant 5 Interaction Server is an interaction server for delivering complicated interactions to a web browser at the user interface such as smart forms, answer checking, and guided interactions. |
Customers
We target global market leaders in business-to-consumer industries, particularly companies in the financial services and telecommunications industries Our customers include: USAA, T-Mobile, Lloyds TSB Bank, Bank of Ireland, The Royal Bank of Scotland plc, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, Signal Iduna, Deutsche Bank, Canadian Tire Financial Services, Barclays Bank, Direct Line, CIBC Bank, Halifax plc, Nokia, British Telecom and British Sky Broadcasting (BskyB). For information relating to individual customers that have contributed 10% or more of our consolidated revenues during the past three years, please see Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K/A.
Technology
We design and build our products to provide enterprise customer management solutions for large companies serving individual consumers. Our JX architecture is an open standards-based enterprise platform based on industry standard J2EE and XML technology. Our JX architecture delivers XML connectivity and a J2EE standard object environment. Our JX architecture and in particular the Chordiant Enterprise Platform are J2EE compliant. This industry standard set of development specifications leverages the strengths of the Java programming language to enable software applications that are easier to develop, configure and integrate with legacy and third-party information technology systems.
Certain of our products use technology modules from third party technology providers including Sun Microsystems, IBM and BEA Systems. Our products are based on open system standards and are designed to be scalable and integrate with a company’s various information technology systems, networks and telephony systems. Our enterprise platform solutions support industry standard J2EE application servers including IBM WebSphere and BEA WebLogic. Our server software runs on UNIX server platforms from Sun Microsystems and IBM.
Sales and Marketing
We license our solutions and sell services primarily through a direct sales organization that is complemented by the selling and support efforts through business alliance partners such as IBM and Accenture, systems integrators and technology vendors. Our market focus is the business-to-consumer segment of the economy with a targeted effort on leading consumer focused industries and companies using multiple channels as the means of conducting business and serving customers. We target our sales and marketing efforts, together with our product
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design efforts, on industries such as retail banking, insurance, consumer financial services, telecommunications and consumer direct industries.
The sales process generally ranges from three to twenty-four months depending on the level of knowledge that prospective customers need about the use and benefits of our solutions and the involvement of systems integrators. During the sales process, we typically approach the senior management teams of the business and information technology departments of a prospective customer’s organization. We utilize sales teams consisting of sales and technical professionals who work with our systems integration partners to create company specific proposals, presentations and demonstrations that address the needs of the business and its technology requirements.
In the United States we have sales offices in the greater metropolitan areas of Boston, Chicago, New York, and San Antonio. Our corporate offices are located in Cupertino, California. Outside the United States, we have offices in London, Paris, Amsterdam, Frankfurt, and Munich.
Our Services
We offer a comprehensive set of customer services including professional consulting services and product support and training services. We believe that providing high quality customer service is critical to achieving rapid product implementation, customer success and revenue growth.
Professional Services
We provide implementation consulting and customer support services to licensed customers through our worldwide professional services organization. Our professional services consulting teams assist customers and systems integrator partners in the design and implementation of our software solutions.
Our professional services organization deploys consultants as part of the project team alongside systems integration partners and members of the customer’s internal team to provide technical knowledge, business engineering, project guidance and quality assessments during project implementation. In the design stage, we provide a variety of professional services that help determine a customer’s business processes and the technical requirements of the solutions implementation. In the implementation stage, we use a delivery methodology to assist customers and integration partners in planning and managing the implementation. Typically, systems integrators, supported by our consultants, manage the overall project and implement the products with a customer’s existing communications, applications, databases and transaction systems. In the final phases of an implementation, the systems integrators provide deployment services to enable a customer’s internal team to implement the system, train internal users and provide first-level end-user support.
Although our primary strategy is to leverage our strategic systems integration partners for implementations, our internal professional services organization is integral in implementing our enterprise platform software solutions for our customers. We believe that our consulting services enhance the use and administration of our software solutions, facilitate the implementation of our solutions and result in sharing best business practices with client and systems integrator project teams. In addition to implementing our software, our professional services organization works closely with our internal research and development organization to enhance existing, and design our new, software solutions.
We provide our customers with support and maintenance services including telephone support, web-based support and updates to our products and documentation. We believe that providing a high level of technical support is critical to customer satisfaction. We also offer extensive training programs to our customers and other companies with which we have relationships to accelerate the implementation and adoption of our solutions by the users within a company. Fees for our training services are typically charged separately from our software license, maintenance and consulting fees.
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Services revenues provided by us in the year ended December 31, 2003 accounted for approximately 61% of our total revenues.
Customer Support
Our customers have a choice of support and maintenance options depending on the level of service desired. Our technical support services are available to clients by telephone, over the web and by e-mail. Additionally, we provide product enhancement releases to all customers as part of our support and maintenance contracts. We use a customer service automation system to track each customer inquiry until it is resolved. We also make use of our website and a secured customer forum to provide product information and technical support information worldwide 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
In fiscal year 2003 we entered into an agreement with an independent contracting company with global technical resources and an operations center in Bangalore, India. The agreement provides for the independent contractor, at our direction, to attract, train, assimilate and retain sufficient highly qualified personnel to perform technical support and certain sustaining engineering functions. In fiscal year 2004 we plan to significantly increase the size of this organization and expand its scope. The expansion of this organization is an important component of our strategy to address the business needs of our customers and manage our expenses.
Educational Services
We provide educational services through an outsourced arrangement to train and enable our systems integrators and customers to use our products. Our training partners offer a comprehensive series of training modules to provide the knowledge and skills to successfully deploy, use and maintain our products. These training courses focus on the technical aspects of our products as well as business issues and processes. Training courses can be provided on-site for a custom session for a fee and through classroom and lab instruction.
We entered into a two-year agreement, beginning March 19, 2002, with Business Agility, formerly Merit International, pursuant to which Business Agility provides exclusive training and certain non-exclusive consulting services for a fixed fee. Upon the effective date of the agreement, we transferred to Business Agility our training operations including selected employees. In addition, Business Agility provides to our customers resource development services in exchange for an agreed-upon fee negotiated on a transaction-by-transaction basis. In September 2003, we amended the agreement by extending its effective date through March 2006.
Product Development
We have made substantial investments in research and development through internal development, acquisitions and technology licensing. Our product development efforts are focused on extending our enterprise software solutions, application components and business process functionality, and continued integration of key industry-specific transaction systems and services. Our product development organization is responsible for new software products, product architecture, core technologies, product testing, quality assurance and ensuring the compatibility of our products with third-party hardware and software platforms.
Our product development resources are organized into a number of development teams including:
| • | Enterprise Platform and Tools development; |
| • | Applications, including our Marketing, Selling and Servicing applications; |
| • | Documentation; and |
| • | Product Test and Release Management. |
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Our product development teams have extensive experience in enterprise and distributed computing, J2EE and object oriented development, data management, workflow engineering, transaction system interfaces and Internet technologies. Our research and development expenditures were $16.3 million and $20.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Strategic Partnerships
Establishing partnerships and alliances with third parties that provide additional services and resources for implementing our solutions to enhance our sales and service organizations’ productivity is an important element of our strategy. These relationships and alliances fall into the following categories:
Consulting and System Integration Relationships. To enhance the productivity of our sales and service organizations, we have established relationships with systems integrators, complementary technology providers and alternative service providers. We have established relationships and trained professionals at a number of systems integrators including: Accenture and IBM Global Services and Business Agility. We plan to expand these relationships to increase our capacity to license and implement our products. We have trained consultants in these organizations for the implementation and support of our solutions. We believe that expanding our relationships with systems integrators and independent consulting firms will enable us to gain a greater share of our target markets.
Technology Partnerships. We make extensive use of industry platforms and embrace a number of core technologies in our solution offerings. We have formed partnerships with vendors of software and hardware technology platforms. We currently maintain technology relationships with vendors such as Avaya/Lucent, Alcatel/Genesys, BEA Systems, Cisco Systems, IBM, Oracle and Sun Microsystems. Many of these companies voluntarily provide us with early releases of new technology platforms, education related to those platforms and limited access to their technical resources to facilitate adoption of their technology.
Competition
The market for our products is highly competitive, rapidly evolving, and can be affected by new product introductions and other market activities of industry participants. The competitive landscape is quickly evolving to address the convergence of customer interaction applications, back-office systems and e-business services. The most significant competition we face is from customers’ internal development efforts, custom system integration, as well as other software providers that offer integration and development platforms.
Internal Development
Many of our customers and potential customers have in the past attempted to develop customer service, call center and customer relationship management systems in-house, either alone or with the help of systems integrators. Internal information technology departments have staffed projects to build their own systems utilizing a variety of tools. In some cases, such internal development projects have been successful in satisfying the needs of an organization. We expect that internal development will continue to be a significant source of competition.
Custom System Integration Projects
Another source of competition results from systems integrators engaged to build a custom development application. The introduction of a systems integrator typically increases the likelihood of success for the customer. The competitive factors in this area require that we demonstrate to the customer the cost savings and advantages of a configurable, upgradeable and commercially supported product developed by a dedicated professional software organization.
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We frequently rely on system consulting and systems integration firms for implementation and other global services, as well as recommendations of our products during the evaluation stage of the purchase process. Many of these third parties have similar and often more established relationships with our competitors. We cannot assure that these third parties, many of whom have significantly greater resources than us, will not market software products in competition with us.
Application Software Competitors
Our primary competition is from internal development at our customers and potential customers as discussed above. However, other competitors include providers of traditional, first-generation customer relationship management, enterprise resources planning, call center, marketing automation software and sales force automation software. These vendors include, among others, companies such as: PeopleSoft, Inc., Pegasystems Inc., E.phipany, Inc. and Siebel Systems, Inc.
Some of these companies have longer operating histories, greater financial, marketing and other resources, greater name recognition in other markets and a larger base of customers than we do. In addition, some companies have well-established relationships with our current and potential customers. As a result, these competitors may be able to devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products than we can.
There is no one competitor, nor are there a small number of competitors that are dominant in our market. There are many factors that may increase competition in the enterprise customer relationship management market, including (i) entry of new competitors, (ii) alliances among existing competitors, (iii) consolidation in the software industry and (iv) technological changes or changes in the use of the Internet. Increased competition may result in price reductions, reduced gross margins and loss of market share, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. We cannot assure that we will be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors or that competitive pressure faced by us will not materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
Intellectual Property and Propriety Rights
Our success is dependent upon our ability to develop and protect proprietary technology and intellectual proprietary rights. We rely primarily on a combination of contractual provisions, confidentiality procedures, patents pending, trade secrets, and copyright and trademark laws to protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights.
We license our products through non-exclusive license agreements that impose restrictions on customers’ ability to utilize the software. In addition, we seek to avoid disclosure of our trade secrets, including requiring employees, customers and others with access to our proprietary information to execute confidentiality agreements with us and restricting access to our source code. We also seek to protect our rights in our products, documentation and other written materials under trade secret and copyright laws. Due to rapid technological change, we believe factors such as the technological and creative skills of our personnel, new product developments and enhancements to our existing products are more important than the various legal protections of our technology to establishing and maintaining a technology leadership position.
We integrate third party software into our products. We believe integrated technology represents under 10% of the value of our software products and has historically ranged from 4% to 7% of total license revenues. The third party software may not continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If we cannot maintain licenses to key third party software, shipments of our products could be delayed until equivalent software is developed or licensed and integrated into our products. Moreover, although we are generally indemnified against claims if technology licensed from third parties infringes the intellectual property and proprietary rights of others, this indemnification is not always available for all types of intellectual property and
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proprietary rights and in some cases the scope of this indemnification is limited. There can be no assurance that infringement or invalidity claims arising from the incorporation of third-party technology or claims for indemnification from our customers resulting from these claims will not be asserted or prosecuted against us. These claims, even if not meritorious, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources, in addition to potential product redevelopment costs and delays.
Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, existing laws afford only limited protection. Attempts may be made to copy or reverse engineer aspects of our products or to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. There can be no assurance that we will be able to protect our proprietary rights against unauthorized third party copying or use. Use by others of our proprietary rights could materially harm our business. Furthermore, policing the unauthorized use of our products is difficult and expensive litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights.
It is also possible that third parties will claim that we have infringed their current or future products. We expect that software developers will increasingly be subject to infringement claims as the number of products in different industry segments overlap. Any claims, with or without merit, could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation, prevent product shipment, cause delays, or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements, any of which could harm our business. Patent litigation in particular has complex technical issues and inherent uncertainties. If an infringement claim against us was successful and we could not obtain a license on acceptable terms, license a substitute technology or redesign to avoid infringement, our business would be harmed.
Employees
As of December 31, 2003, we employed 279 full time employees. Of that total, 93 were primarily engaged in product development, engineering or systems engineering, 74 were engaged in sales and marketing, 73 were engaged in professional services and 39 were engaged in operational, financial and administrative functions.
None of our employees are represented by a labor union and we have never experienced a work stoppage. We believe that our relations with our employees are good. We believe our future success will depend in part on our continued ability to recruit and retain highly skilled technical, management and marketing personnel.
Financial Information About Geographic Areas
For a detailed description of our sales by geographic region, please see Note 18 to our consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K/A. For information relating to the risks attendant to our foreign operations, see “—Risk Factors—If we fail to adequately address the difficulties of managing international operations associated with operating on an international basis, our operating expenses and net income will be adversely affected,” and “—Risk Factors— Increases in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies could make our products less competitive in international markets and could negatively affect our operating results and cash flows.”
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Available Information
We were incorporated in California in March 1991 and were reincorporated in Delaware in October 1997.
We maintain a site on the world-wide web at www.chordiant.com; however, information found on our website is not incorporated by reference into this annual report on Form 10-K/A. We make available free of charge on or through our website our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.
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RISK FACTORS
Weakness in technology spending in our target markets combined with geopolitical concerns could make the closing of license transactions to new and existing customers difficult.
Our revenues fell in fiscal year 2003 compared to revenues in fiscal year 2002. Our revenues will continue to decrease in 2004 if we are unable to enter into new large-scale license transactions with new and existing customers. The current state of world affairs and geopolitical concerns have left many customers reluctant to enter into new large value license transactions without some assurance that the economy both in the customer’s home country and worldwide will have some economic and political stability. Continued or further weakness in technology spending and geopolitical instability will continue to make closing large license transactions difficult. In addition, we cannot predict what effect the U.S. military presence overseas or potential or actual political or military conflict have had or are continuing to have on our existing and prospective customers’ decision-making process with respect to licensing or implementing enterprise-level products such as ours. Our ability to enter into new large license transactions also directly affects our ability to create additional consulting services and maintenance revenues, on which we also depend.
Historically, we have not been profitable and we may continue to incur losses, which may raise vendor viability concerns thereby making it more difficult to close license transactions with new and existing customers.
We incurred losses of $16.4 million and $32.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002, respectively. As of December 31, 2003, we had an accumulated deficit of $188.9 million. We may continue to incur losses and cannot be certain that we can achieve or generate sufficient revenues to achieve profitability. Continued losses may leave many customers reluctant to enter into new large value license transactions without some assurance that we will operate profitably. If we fail to enter into new large value license transactions due to lack of vendor profitability and or viability concerns, our revenues will decline, which would further adversely affect our operating results.
Because a small number of customers account for a substantial portion of our revenues, the loss of a significant customer could cause a substantial decline in our revenues.
We derive a significant portion of our software license revenues in each quarter from a limited number of customers. The loss of a major customer in a particular quarter could cause a decrease in revenues and net income. For the year ended December 31, 2003, Royal Bank of Scotland accounted for 11% of our total revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2002, USAA, Hutchinson 3 G and Lloyds TSB accounted for 17%, 13% and 11% of our total revenues, respectively. While our customer concentration has fluctuated, we expect that a limited number of customers will continue to account for a substantial portion of our revenues. As a result, if we lose a major customer, or if a contract is delayed or cancelled or we do not contract with new major customers, our revenues and net loss would be adversely affected. In addition, customers that have accounted for significant revenues in the past may not generate revenues in any future period, causing our failure to obtain new significant customers or additional orders from existing customers to materially affect our operating results.
If we fail to adequately address the difficulties of managing our international operations, our revenues and operating expenses will be adversely affected.
For the year ended December 31, 2003, international revenues were $52.4 million or approximately 77% of our total revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2002, international revenues were $54.2 million or approximately 73% of our total revenues. While we expect North American revenues to increase as a percentage of our overall revenues, international revenues will continue to represent a significant portion of our total revenues in future periods. We have faced, and will continue to face, difficulties in managing international operations which include:
| • | Difficulties in hiring qualified local personnel; |
| • | Seasonal fluctuations in customer orders; |
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| • | Longer accounts receivable collection cycles; |
| • | Expenses associated with licensing products and servicing customers in foreign markets; and |
| • | Economic downturns and political uncertainty in international economies. |
Any of these factors could have a significant impact on our ability to license products on a competitive and timely basis and could adversely affect our operating expenses and net income.
Increases in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies could make our products less competitive in international markets and could negatively affect our operating results and cash flows.
A significant portion of our sales and operating expenses result from transactions outside of the United States, often in foreign currencies. Our international sales comprised 77%, 73% and 84% of our total sales for 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. In 2003, our operating results were positively affected by changes in foreign currency rates. Our future operating results will continue to be subject to fluctuations in foreign currency rates, especially if international sales continue to grow as a percentage of our total sales, and we may be negatively impacted by fluctuations in foreign currency rates in the future.
Competition in our markets is intense and could reduce our sales and prevent us from achieving profitability.
Increased competition in our markets could result in price reductions for our products and services, reduced gross margins and loss of market share, any one of which could reduce our future revenues. The market for our products is intensely competitive, evolving and subject to rapid technological change. We consider our primary competition to be from internal development, custom systems integration projects and application software competitors. In particular, we compete with:
| • | Internal information technology departments: in-house information technology departments of potential customers have developed or may develop systems that provide some or all of the functionality of our products. We expect that internally developed application integration and process automation efforts will continue to be a significant source of competition. |
| • | Point application vendors: we compete with providers of stand-alone point solutions for web-based customer relationship management and traditional client/server-based, call-center service customer and sales-force automation solution providers. |
Many of our competitors have greater resources and broader customer relationships than we do. In addition, many of these competitors have extensive knowledge of our industry. Current and potential competitors have established, or may establish, cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties to offer a single solution and to increase the ability of their products to address customer needs.
We may experience a shortfall in revenue, earnings, cash flow or otherwise fail to meet public market expectations, which could materially and adversely affect our business and the market price of our common stock.
Our revenues and operating results may fluctuate significantly because of a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control. Some of these factors include:
| • | Size and timing of individual license transactions; |
| • | Delay or deferral of customer implementations of our products; |
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| • | Lengthening of our sales cycle; |
| • | Further deterioration and changes in domestic and foreign markets and economies; |
| • | Success in expanding our global services organization, direct sales force and indirect distribution channels; |
| • | Timing of new product introductions and product enhancements; |
| • | Appropriate mix of products licensed and services sold; |
| • | Levels of international transactions; |
| • | Activities of and acquisitions by competitors; |
| • | Product and price competition; and |
| • | Our ability to develop and market new products and control costs. |
One or more of the foregoing factors may cause our operating expenses to be disproportionately high during any given period or may cause our revenues and operating results to fluctuate significantly. Based upon the preceding factors, we may experience a shortfall in revenues and earnings or otherwise fail to meet public market expectations, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and the market price of our common stock.
Our operating results fluctuate significantly and delays in implementation of our products may cause unanticipated declines in revenues or cash flow, which could disappoint investors and result in a decline in our stock price.
Our quarterly revenues depend primarily upon product implementation by our customers. We have historically recognized most of our license and services revenue through the percentage-of-completion method, using labor hours incurred as the measure of progress towards completion of implementation of our products and we expect this practice to continue. Thus, delays in implementation by our customers and systems integration partners would reduce our quarterly revenue. Historically, a significant portion of new customer orders have been booked in the third month of the calendar quarter, with many of these bookings occurring in the last two weeks of the third month. We expect this trend to continue and, therefore, any failure or delay in bookings would decrease our quarterly revenue. If our revenues or operating margins are below the expectations of the investment community, our stock price is likely to decline.
If we fail to maintain and expand our relationships with systems integrators and other business partners, our ability to develop, market, sell, and support our products may be adversely affected.
Our development, marketing and distribution strategies increasingly rely on our ability to form and maintain long-term strategic relationships with system integrators, in particular, our existing business alliance partners, IBM and Accenture. These business relationships often consist of joint marketing programs, technology partnerships and resale and distribution arrangements. Although most aspects of these relationships are contractual in nature, many important aspects of these relationships depend on the continued cooperation between the parties. Divergence in strategy, change in focus, competitive product offerings or potential contract defaults may interfere with our ability to develop, market, sell, or support our products, which in turn could harm our business. If either IBM or Accenture were to terminate their agreements with us or our relationship were to deteriorate, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In many cases, these parties have extensive relationships with our existing and potential customers and influence the decisions of these customers. A number of our competitors have stronger relationships with IBM and Accenture and, as a result, these parties may be more likely to recommend competitors’ products and services.
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Failure to successfully customize or implement our products for a customer could prevent recognition of revenues, collection of amounts due or cause legal claims by the customer.
If a customer is not able to customize or deploy our products successfully, the customer may not complete expected product deployment, which could prevent or delay recognition of revenues and collection of amounts due, and could result in claims against us. We have, in the past, had disputes with customers concerning product performance.
Our primary products have a long sales and implementation cycle, which makes it difficult to predict our quarterly results and may cause our operating results to vary significantly.
The period between initial contact with a prospective customer and the implementation of our products is unpredictable and often lengthy, ranging to date from three to twenty-four months. Thus, revenue and cash receipt could vary significantly from quarter to quarter. Any delays in the implementation of our products could cause reductions in our revenues. The licensing of our products is often an enterprise-wide decision that generally requires us to provide a significant level of education to prospective customers about the use and benefits of our products. The implementation of our products involves significant commitment of technical and financial resources and is commonly associated with substantial implementation efforts that may be performed by us, by the customer or by third-party systems integrators. Customers generally consider a wide range of issues before committing to purchase our products, including product benefits, ability to operate with existing and future computer systems, vendor financial stability and longevity, ability to accommodate increased transaction volume and product reliability.
If we are not able to successfully manage our partner operations in India, our operations and financial results may be adversely affected.
In fiscal year 2003 we entered into an agreement with an independent contracting company with global technical resources and an operations center in Bangalore, India. The agreement provides for the independent contractor, at our direction, to attract, train, assimilate and retain sufficient highly qualified personnel to perform technical support and certain sustaining engineering functions. In fiscal year 2004 we plan to significantly increase the size of this organization and expand its scope. The expansion of this organization is an important component of our strategy to address the business needs of our customers and manage our expenses. The success of this operation will depend on our ability and our independent contractor’s ability to attract, train, assimilate and retain highly qualified personnel in the required periods. A disruption of our relationship with the independent contractor could adversely affect our operations and financial results. Failure to effectively manage the organization and operations will harm our business and financial results.
Our stock price is subject to significant fluctuations, which may adversely affect the value of your investment in our common stock.
Since our initial public offering in February 2000, the price of our common stock has fluctuated widely. We believe that factors such as the risks described herein or other factors could cause the price of our common stock to continue to fluctuate, perhaps substantially. In addition, recently, the stock market in general, and the market for high technology stocks in particular, has experienced extreme price fluctuations, which have often been unrelated to the operating performance of the affected companies. Such fluctuations could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
We may incur in future periods significant stock-based compensation charges related to certain stock options and stock awards, which may adversely affect our reported financial results.
Based on accounting standards involving stock compensation, we may incur variable accounting costs related to the issuance of restricted stock and certain stock options, including those associated with our stock option cancellation/re-grant program. Accounting standards require us to re-measure compensation cost for such
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options each reporting period based on changes in the market value of the underlying common stock. Depending upon movements in the market value of our common stock, the variable accounting treatment of those stock options may result in significant additional stock-based compensation costs in future periods. Refer to the discussions under the caption “Stock-based compensation” set forth in Note 2 and the discussions under the caption “Stock-based compensation expense” set forth in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this Form 10-K/A.
We are the target of a securities class action complaint and are at risk of securities class action litigation, which may result in substantial costs and divert management attention and resources.
Beginning in July 2001, Chordiant and certain of our officers and directors were named as defendants in several class action shareholder complaints filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, now consolidated under the caption, In re Chordiant Software, Inc. Initial Public Offering Securities Litigation, Case No. 01-CV-6222. In the amended complaint, the plaintiffs allege that Chordiant, certain of our officers and directors and the underwriters of our initial public offering (“IPO”) violated Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933 based on allegations that Chordiant’s registration statement and prospectus failed to disclose material facts regarding the compensation to be received by, and the stock allocation practices of, the IPO underwriters. The complaint also contains a claim for violation of Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 based on allegations that this omission constituted a deceit on investors. The plaintiffs seek unspecified monetary damages and other relief. Similar complaints were filed in the same court against hundreds of other public companies that conducted IPOs of their common stock in the late 1990s. Although Chordiant and almost all of the other issuers have approved in principle a tentative settlement with the plaintiffs, it remains subject to a number of procedural conditions, as well as formal approval by the Court. This action may divert the efforts and attention of our management and, if determined adversely to us, could have a material impact on our business.
If our products do not operate effectively in a company-wide environment, we may lose sales and suffer decreased revenues.
If existing customers have difficulty deploying our products or choose not to fully deploy our products, it could damage our reputation and reduce revenues. Our success requires that our products be highly scalable, and able to accommodate substantial increases in the number of users. Our products are expected to be deployed on a variety of computer hardware platforms and to be used in connection with a number of third-party software applications by personnel who may not have previously used application software systems or our products. These deployments present very significant technical challenges, which are difficult or impossible to predict. If these deployments do not succeed, we may lose future sales opportunities and suffer decreased revenues.
Defects in our products could diminish demand for our products and result in decreased revenues, decreased market acceptance and injury to our reputation.
Errors may be found from time-to-time in our new, acquired or enhanced products. Any significant software errors in our products may result in decreased revenues, decreased sales, injury to our reputation and/or increased warranty and repair costs. Although we conduct extensive product testing during product development, we have in the past discovered software errors in our products as well as in third-party products, and as a result have experienced delays in the shipment of our new products. The latest major release of our primary product suite was introduced in December 2003.
To date, our sales have been concentrated in the financial services and telecommunications markets, and if we are unable to continue sales in these markets or successfully penetrate new markets, our revenues may decline.
Sales of our products and services in two large markets—financial services and telecommunications—accounted for approximately 80% and 81% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2003 and
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2002, respectively. We expect that revenues from these two markets will continue to account for a substantial portion of our total revenues in 2004. If we are unable to successfully increase penetration of our existing markets or achieve sales in additional markets, or if the overall economic climate of our target markets deteriorates, our revenues may decline.
Low gross margin in services revenues could adversely impact our overall gross margin and income.
Our services revenues have had lower gross margins than our license revenues. Service revenue comprised 61%, 56% and 49% of total revenue for the years 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Gross margin on services revenues has been 37%, 26% and 13% for calendar years 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively, and gross margin on license fees has been approximately 95% for each of the past three years ended 2003. As a result, an increase in the percentage of total revenues represented by services revenues, or an unexpected decrease in license revenues, could have a detrimental impact on our overall gross margins. To increase services revenues, we must expand our services organization, successfully recruit and train a sufficient number of qualified services personnel and obtain renewals of current maintenance contracts by our customers. This expansion could further reduce gross margins in our services revenues.
Because we have reduced the size of our workforce, we may not have the workforce necessary to support our platform of products if demand for our products substantially increased, and, if we need to rebuild our workforce in the future, we may not be able to recruit personnel in a timely manner, which could negatively impact the development and sales of our products.
In 2002 and 2003, we reduced the size of our workforce and may carry out further reductions in the future. Our recent reductions were intended to align our operating expenses with our revenue expectations. In the event that demand for our products increases as a result of a positive turn in the economy, we may need to rebuild our workforce or increase outsourced functions to companies based in foreign jurisdictions and we may be unable to hire, train or retain qualified personnel in a timely manner, which may weaken our ability to market our products in a timely manner, negatively impacting our operations. Our success depends largely on ensuring that we have adequate personnel to support our platform of products as well as the continued contributions of our key management, engineering, sales and marketing and professional services personnel.
If we fail to introduce new versions and releases of functional and scalable products in a timely manner, customers may license competing products and our revenues may decline.
If we are unable to ship or implement enhancements to our products when planned, or fail to achieve timely market acceptance of these enhancements, we may suffer lost sales and could fail to achieve anticipated revenues. We have in the past, and expect in the future, to derive a significant portion of our total revenues from the license of our primary product suite. Our future operating results will depend on the demand for the product suite by future customers, including new and enhanced releases that are subsequently introduced. If our competitors release new products that are superior to our products in performance or price, or if we fail to enhance our products or introduce new features and functionality in a timely manner, demand for our products may decline. We have in the past experienced delays in the planned release dates of new versions of our software products and upgrades. New versions of our products may not be released on schedule or may contain defects when released.
We depend on technology licensed to us by third parties, and the loss or inability to maintain these licenses could prevent or delay sales of our products.
We license from several software providers technologies that are incorporated into our products. We anticipate that we will continue to license technology from third parties in the future. This software may not continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. The loss of the technology licenses could result in delays in the license of our products until equivalent technology is developed or identified, licensed and
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integrated into our products. Even if substitute technologies are available, there can be no guarantee that we will be able to license these technologies on commercially reasonable terms, if at all.
Defects in third party products associated with our products could impair our products’ functionality and injure our reputation.
The effective implementation of our products depends upon the successful operation of third-party products in conjunction with our products. Any undetected errors in these third-party products could prevent the implementation or impair the functionality of our products, delay new product introductions or injure our reputation. In the past, while our business has not been materially harmed, product releases have been delayed as a result of errors in third-party software and we have incurred significant expenses fixing and investigating the cause of these errors.
Our customers and system integration partners may have the ability to alter our source code and resulting inappropriate alterations could adversely affect the performance of our products, cause injury to our reputation and increase operating expenses.
Customers and system integration partners may have access to the computer source code for certain elements of our products and may alter the source code. Alteration of our source code may lead to implementation, operation, technical support and upgrade problems for our customers. This could adversely affect the market acceptance of our products, and any necessary investigative work and repairs could cause us to incur significant expenses and delays in implementation.
If our products do not operate with the hardware and software platforms used by our customers, our customers may license competing products and our revenues will decline.
If our products fail to satisfy advancing technological requirements of our customers and potential customers, the market acceptance of these products could be reduced. We currently serve a customer base with a wide variety of constantly changing hardware, software applications and networking platforms. Customer acceptance of our products depends on many factors such as:
| • | Our ability to integrate our products with multiple platforms and existing or legacy systems; |
| • | Our ability to anticipate and support new standards, especially Internet and enterprise Java standards; and |
| • | The integration of additional software modules and third party software applications with our existing products. |
Our failure to successfully integrate with future acquired or merged companies and technologies could prevent us from operating efficiently.
Our business strategy includes pursuing opportunities to grow our business, both through internal growth and through merger, acquisition and technology and other asset transactions. To implement this strategy, we may be involved in merger and acquisition activity, additional technology and asset purchase transactions. Merger and acquisition transactions are motivated by many factors, including, among others, our desire to grow our business, acquire skilled personnel, obtain new technologies and expand and enhance our product offerings. Growth through mergers and acquisitions has several identifiable risks, including difficulties associated with successfully integrating distinct businesses into new organizations, the substantial management time devoted to integrating personnel, technology and entire companies, the possibility that we might not be successful in retaining the employees, undisclosed liabilities, the failure to realize anticipated benefits (such as cost savings and synergies) and issues related to integrating acquired technology, merged/acquired companies or content into our products (such as unanticipated expenses). Realization of any of these risks in connection with any technology transaction
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or asset purchase we have entered into, or may enter into, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
If we become subject to intellectual property infringement claims, these claims could be costly and time-consuming to defend, divert management’s attention, cause product delays and have an adverse effect on our revenues and net income.
We expect that software product developers and providers of software in markets similar to our target markets will increasingly be subject to infringement claims as the number of products and competitors in our industry grows and the functionality of products overlap. Any claims, with or without merit, could be costly and time-consuming to defend, divert our management’s attention or cause product delays. If any of our products were found to infringe a third party’s proprietary rights, we could be required to enter into royalty or licensing agreements to be able to sell our products. Royalty and licensing agreements, if required, may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all.
Our headquarters are located in offices that are approximately 31,000 square feet in Cupertino, California pursuant to an office lease expiring in December 2008. We also lease office space in Mahwah, New Jersey and in the greater metropolitan areas of Boston, Chicago, New York City, San Antonio, London, Paris, Amsterdam, Frankfurt and Munich. We believe our existing facilities meet our current needs and that we will be able to obtain additional commercial space as needed.
Beginning in July 2001, we and certain of our officers and directors were named as defendants in a series of class action shareholder complaints filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, now consolidated under the caption, In re Chordiant Software, Inc. Initial Public Offering Securities Litigation, Case No. 01-CV-6222. In the amended complaint, the plaintiffs allege that Chordiant, certain of our officers and directors and the underwriters of our initial public offering (“IPO”) violated Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933 based on allegations that Chordiant’s registration statement and prospectus failed to disclose material facts regarding the compensation to be received by, and the stock allocation practices of, the IPO underwriters. The complaint also contains a claim for violation of Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 based on allegations that this omission constituted a deceit on investors. The plaintiffs seek unspecified monetary damages and other relief. Similar complaints were filed in the same court against hundreds of other public companies (“Issuers”) that conducted IPOs of their common stock in the late 1990s (collectively, the “IPO Lawsuits”).
In October 2002, the parties agreed to toll the statute of limitations with respect to Chordiant’s officers and directors until September 30, 2003, and on the basis of this agreement, our officers and directors were dismissed from the IPO Lawsuits without prejudice. In February 2003, the court issued a decision denying the motion to dismiss the Section 11 claims against Chordiant and almost all of the other Issuers and denying the motion to dismiss the Section 10(b) claims against Chordiant and many of the Issuers. In June 2003, Issuers and plaintiffs reached a tentative settlement agreement that would, among other things, result in the dismissal with prejudice of all claims against the Issuers and their officers and directors in the IPO Lawsuits, and the assignment to plaintiffs of certain potential claims that the Issuers may have against the underwriters. The tentative settlement also provides that, in the event that plaintiffs ultimately recover less than a guaranteed sum of $1 billion from the IPO underwriters, plaintiffs would be entitled to payment by each participating Issuer’s insurer of a pro rata share of any shortfall in the plaintiffs’ guaranteed recovery. Although Chordiant has approved this settlement proposal in principle, it remains subject to a number of procedural conditions, as well as formal approval by the Court. In September 2003, in connection with the possible settlement, those officers and directors who had entered tolling agreements with plaintiffs (described above) agreed to extend those agreements so that they would not expire prior to any settlement being finalized.
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We are also subject to various other claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. The ultimate disposition of these various other claims and legal actions is not expected to have a material effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of 2003.
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| ITEM 5. | MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES |
Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol “CHRD.” The following table shows, for the periods indicated, the high and low per share sales prices of our common stock, as reported by the Nasdaq National Market. The prices appearing in the tables below reflect over-the-counter market quotations, which reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, markdown or commission and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.
| High |
Low | |||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2003 |
||||||
| First Quarter |
$ | 1.98 | $ | 1.03 | ||
| Second Quarter |
$ | 2.15 | $ | 0.81 | ||
| Third Quarter |
$ | 3.69 | $ | 1.82 | ||
| Fourth Quarter |
$ | 5.45 | $ | 3.08 | ||
| Year Ended December 31, 2002 |
||||||
| First Quarter |
$ | 8.86 | $ | 4.11 | ||
| Second Quarter |
$ | 7.53 | $ | 1.60 | ||
| Third Quarter |
$ | 2.40 | $ | 0.57 | ||
| Fourth Quarter |
$ | 2.01 | $ | 0.74 | ||
As of February 27, 2004, there were approximately 235 holders of record of our common stock. Because many of such shares are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of stockholders represented by these record holders. We have never paid or declared any cash dividends. We currently expect to retain earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and therefore do not anticipate paying any cash dividends.
In response to the SEC’s adoption of Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, we approved amendments to our insider trading policy on July 20, 2001 to permit our directors, executive officers and certain key employees to enter into trading plans or arrangements for systematic trading in our securities. We have been advised that certain of our directors, officers and key employees have entered into trading plans for selling shares in our securities. As of December 31, 2003, the directors and executive officers who have entered into trading plans include Stephen Kelly, Sam Spadafora, Don Morrison and Allen Swann. We anticipate that, as permitted by Rule 10b5-1 and our insider trading policy, some or all of our directors, executive officers and employees may establish trading plans at some date in the future.
We did not make any unregistered sales of our common stock during the fourth quarter of 2003.
In January 2004, we sold 4,854,368 shares of our common stock to Acqua Wellington Opportunity I Limited for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $25.0 million which will be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
For information relating to securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans, please refer to the information under the heading, “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in Item 12 of this Form 10-K/A.
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ITEM 6. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
You should read the following selected financial data in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. The consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2003 and 2002 are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K. The consolidated statement of operations data for the year ended December 31, 2000 and 1999 and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 are derived from audited consolidated financial statements not included in this Form 10-K. The diluted net loss per share computation excludes potential shares of common stock (preferred stock, options and warrants to purchase common stock and common stock subject to repurchase rights that we hold), since their effect would be anti-dilutive. See the notes to our consolidated financial statements for a detailed explanation of the determination of the shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for future periods.
| Years Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||||||||||
| 2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
1999 |
||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues |
$ | 68,266 | $ | 73,851 | $ | 77,464 | $ | 35,109 | $ | 18,535 | ||||||||||
| Net loss |
(16,403 | ) | (32,321 | ) | (42,262 | ) | (35,356 | ) | (23,137 | ) | ||||||||||
| Net loss per share—basic and diluted |
$ | (0.28 | ) | $ | (0.59 | ) | $ | (0.86 | ) | $ | (1.05 | ) | $ | (4.34 | ) | |||||
| Weighted average shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share |
59,353 | 55,055 | 49,252 | 33,690 | 5,327 | |||||||||||||||
| December 31, |
||||||||||||||||||||
| 2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
1999 |
||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 36,218 | $ | 30,731 | $ | 27,068 | $ | 41,465 | $ | 6,719 | ||||||||||
| Working capital |
19,931 | 20,569 | 39,731 | 60,529 | 1,833 | |||||||||||||||
| Total assets |
83,811 | 90,759 | 114,865 | 107,448 | 22,086 | |||||||||||||||
| Short-term and long-term borrowings |
— | 1,250 | 75 | 595 | 13,225 | |||||||||||||||
| Short-term and long-term deferred revenue |
18,396 | 18,594 | 26,863 | 30,045 | 10,196 | |||||||||||||||
| Mandatorily redeemable convertible preferred stock |
— | — | — | — | 51,609 | |||||||||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity (deficit) |
$ | 48,446 | $ | 50,811 | $ | 71,300 | $ | 63,320 | $ | (57,782 | ) | |||||||||
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| ITEM 7. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
Safe Harbor
The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements. These statements are based on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections about our business and our industry, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our or our industry’s results, levels of activity, performance or achievement to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied in or contemplated by the forward-looking statements. Words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “estimate,” “predict,” “guidance,” “potential,” “continue” or the negative of such terms or other similar expressions, identify forward-looking statements. Our actual results and the timing of events may differ significantly from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including but not limited to, those discussed in Item 1 of this Form 10-K/A under the caption “ Risk Factors” and those discussed elsewhere in this annual report and in our other SEC filings. Chordiant undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events after the date of this report.
Overview
As an enterprise software vendor, we generate substantially all of our revenues from the financial services and telecommunications industries. Our customers typically fund purchases of our software and services out of their lines of business and information technology budgets. As a result, our revenues are heavily influenced by our customers’ long-term business outlook, and willingness to invest in new enterprise information systems and business applications.
Beginning in late calendar 2000, the financial services and telecommunications industries entered into a steep and long economic downturn, with industry sales dropping from late 2000 through the first part of 2003. Over the past three years, our customers have focused on controlling costs and reducing risk, including constraining information technology and lines of business expenditures and requiring more favorable pricing terms from their suppliers and pursuing consolidation within their own industries. As a result of this downturn, our license fee revenue has declined 18%-19% in each of the last two years. Pricing pressure during the past year has intensified particularly with respect to our marketing solutions. Several of our competitors continue to aggressively price their products with large discounts. Over the past year, we have continued to see competitive pricing pressure.
Our strategy is to:
| • | continue to offer products with functionality different and superior to our competitors; |
| • | increase our revenues in North America as a percentage of our overall revenues; |
| • | continue to effectively manage costs and achieve profitability; and |
| • | pursue opportunities to grow our business, both through internal growth and through merger, acquisition and technology and other asset transactions. |
Our target customers include companies with demanding customer relationships involving a large number of individual customers with complex customer relationships requiring high levels of personalized services. Through our acquisitions of Prime Response, Inc. (“Prime Response”), OnDemand, Inc. (“OnDemand”), and of certain technology from ActionPoint, Inc. (“ActionPoint”), and ASP Outfitter, Inc. (“ASP Outfitter”), we have added new products and features to our product offerings. The acquisition of Prime Response in 2001 resulted in the addition of our marketing solution product. The other acquisitions we made during 2001 and into 2002 have primarily added features and functionality to our enterprise solutions product offerings. Our solutions seek to fulfill the requirements these companies have for enterprise-wide customer system software infrastructure
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solutions capable of servicing millions of individual customers across multiple communication channels in real-time. Our solutions enable organizations to market, sell and serve their customers across multiple channels, including call centers, branch representatives and self-serve channels such as automated telephony, the Internet and e-mail.
Financial Trends
Management focuses on license and service gross margin in evaluating our financial condition and operating performance. Gross margin on license revenues has remained constant at approximately 95% for each of the past three years. Over the next year, we expect license gross margin to range from 94 to 96%.
Gross margin on service revenues has reflected steady improvement, increasing from 13% in 2001 to 26% in 2002 to 37% in 2003. These increases are the result of the improvement in the design and functionality of our products, improvements in our cost management and our use of partners to provide an increasing portion of the implementation services. Due to these improvements, we believe gross margin on services will improve modestly over the next year from the 2003 level. We expect that service revenues will continue to represent over 50% of our total revenues.
We believe international revenues will continue to represent a significant portion of our total revenues in future periods. Our international revenue growth rate has continued to outpace our United States revenue growth rate. We believe this has occurred because the U.S. economy has been weak compared to areas where we have an international presence and our leadership and market presence have been very strong internationally, particularly in the United Kingdom.
Historically, a small number of customers have accounted for a significant portion of our total revenues. We expect that revenues from a small number of customers will continue to account for a substantial portion of our total quarterly revenues in the foreseeable future. Customer concentration has declined over the past two years, but we expect that certain customers could each account for more than 10% of our total revenues in future periods. For information relating to individual customers that have contributed 10% or more of our consolidated revenues during the past three years, please see Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K/A.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to estimates of percentage of completion on our service contracts, uncollectible receivables, valuation allowances, intangible assets, income taxes, restructuring costs and contingencies. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements:
| • | Revenue recognition, including estimating the total estimated days to complete sales arrangements involving significant implementation or customization essential to the functionality of our product; |
| • | Estimating valuation allowances and accrued liabilities, specifically the allowance for doubtful accounts, and assessment of the probability of the outcome of our current litigation; |
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| • | Accounting for income taxes; |
| • | Valuation of long-lived and intangible assets and goodwill; |
| • | Restructuring costs; and |
| • | Determining functional currencies for the purposes of consolidating our international operations. |
Revenue recognition. We derive revenues from licenses of our software and related services, which include assistance in implementation, customization and integration, post-contract customer support, training and consulting. The amount and timing of our revenue is difficult to predict and any shortfall in revenue or delay in recognizing revenue could cause our operating results to vary significantly from quarter to quarter and could result in operating losses.
At the time of entering into a transaction, we assess whether any services included within the arrangement require us to perform significant implementation or customization essential to the functionality of our products. For contracts involving significant implementation or customization essential to the functionality of our products, we recognize the license and professional consulting services revenues using the percentage-of-completion method using labor hours incurred as the measure of progress towards completion as prescribed by Statement of Position (“SOP”) No. 81-1, “Accounting for Performance of Construction-Type and Certain Product-Type Contracts.” The progress toward completion is measured based on the “go-live” date. We define the “go-live” date as the date the essential product functionality has been delivered or the application enters into a production environment or the point at which no significant additional Chordiant supplied professional services resources are required. Estimates are subject to revisions as the contract progresses to completion. We account for the change in estimate in the period the change was identified. Provisions for estimated contract losses are recognized in the period in which the loss becomes probable and can be reasonably estimated. When we sell additional licenses related to the original licensing agreement, revenue is recognized either upon delivery if the project has reached the go-live date, or if the project has not reached the go-live date, revenue is recognized under the percentage-of-completion method. We classify revenues from these arrangements as license and service revenues based upon the estimated fair value of each element.
On contracts for products not involving significant implementation or customization essential to the product functionality, we recognize license revenues when there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, the fee is fixed or determinable, collection of the fee is probable and delivery has occurred as prescribed by SOP No. 97-2, “Software Revenue Recognition.”
We assess collection based on a number of factors, including past transaction history with the customer and the credit-worthiness of the customer. We generally do not request collateral from our customers. If we determine that collection of a fee is not probable, we defer the fee and recognize revenue at the time collection becomes probable, which is generally upon receipt of cash.
For arrangements with multiple elements, we recognize revenue for services and post-contract customer support based upon vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of fair value of the respective elements. VSOE of fair value for the services element is based upon the standard hourly rates we charge for the services when such services are sold separately. VSOE of fair value for annual post-contract customer support is established with the optional substantive stated future renewal rates included in the contracts. When contracts contain multiple elements, and VSOE of fair value exists for all undelivered elements, we account for the delivered elements, principally the license portion, based upon the “residual method” as prescribed by SOP No. 98-9, “Modification of SOP No. 97-2 with Respect to Certain Transactions.”
In situations in which we are obligated to provide unspecified additional software products in the future, we recognize revenue as a subscription ratably over the term of the commitment period.
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For all sales we use either a signed license agreement or a binding purchase order as evidence of an arrangement. Sales through our third party systems integrators are evidenced by a master agreement governing the relationship together with binding purchase orders on a transaction-by-transaction basis. Revenues from reseller arrangements are recognized on the “sell-through” method, when the reseller reports to us the sale of our software products to end-users. Our agreements with customers and resellers do not contain product return rights.
We recognize revenue for post-contract customer support ratably over the support period which ranges from one to three years. Our training and consulting services revenues are recognized as such services are performed.
Allowance for doubtful accounts. We must make estimates of the uncollectability of our accounts receivables. We specifically analyze accounts receivable and analyze historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit-worthiness and current economic trends when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. Generally, we require no collateral from our customers. Our accounts receivable balance was $12.0 million, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $0.1 million as of December 31, 2003. Our accounts receivable balance was $9.4 million, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $0.2 million as of December 31, 2002. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances would be required.
Accounting for income taxes. As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves estimating our actual current tax exposure together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items, such as deferred revenue, for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within our consolidated balance sheet. We must then assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and to the extent we believe that recovery is not likely, we must establish a valuation allowance. To the extent we establish a valuation allowance or increase this allowance in a period, we must include an expense within the tax provision in the statement of operations.
We have recorded a valuation allowance of $67.8 million as of December 31, 2003, due to uncertainties related to our ability to utilize our deferred tax assets, primarily consisting of certain net operating losses carried forward and foreign tax credits. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates or we adjust these estimates in future periods we may need to establish an additional valuation allowance which could materially impact our financial position and results of operations.
Valuation of long-lived and intangible assets and goodwill. We assess the impairment of identifiable intangibles and long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Furthermore, we assess the impairment of goodwill annually. Factors we consider important which could trigger an impairment review include the following:
| • | Significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results; |
| • | Significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business; |
| • | Significant negative industry or economic trends; |
| • | Significant decline in our stock price for a sustained period; |
| • | Market capitalization relative to net book value; and |
| • | A current expectation that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life. |
When one or more of the above indicators of impairment occurs we estimate the value of long-lived assets and intangible assets to determine whether there is an impairment. We measure any impairment based on the
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projected discounted cash flow method, which requires us to make several estimates including the estimated cash flows associated with the asset, the period over which these cash flows will be generated and a discount rate commensurate with the risk inherent in our current business model. These estimates are subjective and if we made different estimates, it could materially impact the estimated fair value of these assets and the conclusions we reached regarding an impairment. To date, we have not identified any triggering events which would require us to perform this analysis.
We are required to perform an impairment review of our goodwill balance on at least an annual basis. This impairment review involves a two-step process as follows:
Step 1—We compare the fair value of our reporting units to the carrying value, including goodwill, of each of those units. For each reporting unit where the carrying value, including goodwill, exceeds the unit’s fair value, we proceed on to Step 2. If a unit’s fair value exceeds the carrying value, no further work is performed and no impairment charge is necessary.
Step 2—We perform an allocation of the fair value of the reporting unit to our identifiable tangible and non-goodwill intangible assets and liabilities. This derives an implied fair value for the reporting unit’s goodwill. We then compare the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill is greater than the implied fair value of its goodwill, an impairment charge would be recognized for the excess.
We determined that we have one reporting unit. We completed our annual goodwill impairment review during the fourth quarter of 2003 and performed Step 1 of the goodwill impairment analysis required by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” and concluded that goodwill was not impaired as of December 31, 2003 using the methodology described above. Accordingly, Step 2 was not performed. We will continue to test for impairment on an annual basis and on an interim basis if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of our reporting units below their carrying amount.
Restructuring costs. During fiscal years 2003 and 2002, we implemented cost-reduction plans as part of our continued effort to streamline our operations to reduce ongoing operating expenses. These plans resulted in restructuring charges related to, among others, the consolidation of excess facilities. These charges relate to facilities and portions of facilities we no longer utilize and either seek to terminate early or sublease. Lease termination costs for the abandoned facilities were estimated for the remaining lease obligations and brokerage fees offset by estimated sublease income. Estimates related to sublease costs and income are based on assumptions regarding the period required to locate and contract with suitable sub-lessees and sublease rates which can be achieved using market trend information analyses provided by a commercial real estate brokerage retained by us. Each reporting period we review these estimates and to the extent that these assumptions change due to continued negotiations with landlords or changes in the market, the ultimate restructuring expenses for these abandoned facilities could vary by material amounts.
Determining functional currencies for the purpose of consolidation. We have several foreign subsidiaries that together account for approximately 77% of our revenues, 47% of our assets and 66% of our total liabilities as of December 31, 2003.
In preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to translate the financial statements of the foreign subsidiaries from the currency in which they keep their accounting records, generally the local currency, into United States dollars. This process results in exchange gains and losses which, under the relevant accounting guidance are either included within the statement of operations or as a separate part of our net equity under the caption “cumulative translation adjustment.”
Under the relevant accounting guidance the treatment of these translation gains or losses is dependent upon our management’s determination of the functional currency of each subsidiary. The functional currency is
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determined based on management’s judgment and involves consideration of all relevant economic facts and circumstances affecting the subsidiary. Generally, the currency in which the subsidiary transacts a majority of its transactions, including billings, financing, payroll and other expenditures would be considered the functional currency but any dependency upon the parent and the nature of the subsidiary’s operations must also be considered.
If any subsidiary’s functional currency were deemed to be the local currency, then any gain or loss associated with the translation of that subsidiary’s financial statements would be included in cumulative translation adjustments. However, if the functional currency were deemed to be the United States dollar then any gain or loss associated with the translation of these financial statements would be included within our statement of operations. If we dispose of any of our subsidiaries, any cumulative translation gains or losses would be realized into our statement of operations. If we determine that there has been a change in the functional currency of a subsidiary to the United States dollar, any translation gains or losses arising after the date of change would be included within our statement of operations.
Based on our assessment of the factors discussed above, we consider the relevant subsidiary’s local currency to be the functional currency for each of our international subsidiaries. Accordingly, we had cumulative translation gains of approximately $2.4 million and $1.3 million, which were included as part of accumulated other comprehensive income within our balance sheet at December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
The magnitude of these gains or losses is dependent upon movements in the exchange rates of the foreign currencies in which we transact business against the United States dollar. These currencies include the United Kingdom Pound Sterling, the Euro and Australian and Canadian Dollars. Any future translation gains or losses could be significantly higher than those noted in each of these years. In addition, if we determine that a change in the functional currency of one of our subsidiaries has occurred at any point in time we would be required to include any translation gains or losses from the date of change in our statement of operations.
Related Party Transactions
During the first quarter of 2002, two of our executives exercised 285,000 stock options in exchange for notes receivable (the “Notes”) of $496,000. The Notes were full-recourse collateralized by the underlying stock. The Notes were due in February and March 2003 and accrued interest between 6.0% and 6.5% per annum, which was deemed market rates for the individuals. Both notes were paid in full during the quarter ended March 31, 2003.
During 2000, we issued to one of our executives 200,000 shares of common stock subject to a right of repurchase in exchange for a note receivable (the “Note”) of $800,000. The Note was collateralized by the underlying stock and bore interest at a rate of 5.88%. In 2001, we repurchased a total of 117,000 unvested shares at the original exercise price, cancelled the repurchased shares and forgave the remaining balance of the Note. A compensation expense of $540,000 was recorded as of December 31, 2001.
In 1999, two former executives exercised 288,000 stock options covering an aggregate of 288,000 shares of our common stock in exchange for notes receivables in the amount of $400,000 and $51,000. The notes were full-recourse collateralized by the underlying stock. The notes were assessed by us to be fully collectible, based on our understanding of the financial standing of the individuals. We perform periodic reviews of the recoverability of our outstanding notes receivables. In the fourth quarter of 2002, we determined that collection of these two notes was no longer probable although we would still actively pursue collection of both notes. As a result, we recorded an impairment charge of $451,000 as stock compensation expense. In December 2003, we were successful in obtaining a payment of $448,000 from one former executive for his outstanding note receivable plus interest. The principal portion was $400,000 of the total payment and was recorded as a credit to compensation expense.
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Effective January 1, 2003, we adopted SFAS No. 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities.” SFAS No. 146 requires that a liability for costs associated with an exit or disposal activity be recognized and measured initially at fair value only when the liability is incurred. The adoption of this statement did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
In April 2003, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS 149, “Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.” SFAS 149 amends and clarifies accounting for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts and for hedging activities under SFAS 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.” SFAS 149 is generally effective for derivative instruments, including derivative instruments embedded in certain contracts entered into or modified after June 30, 2003 and for hedging relationships designated after June 30, 2003. The adoption of SFAS No. 149 did not have a significant impact upon our financial position or results of operations.
In May 2003, the FASB issued SFAS No. 150, “Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity.” SFAS No. 150 changes the accounting for certain financial instruments that under previous guidance issuers could account for as equity. It requires that those instruments be classified as liabilities in balance sheets. The guidance in SFAS No. 150 is generally effective for all financial instruments entered into or modified after May 31, 2003, and otherwise is effective on July 1, 2003. The adoption of SFAS No. 150 did not have a significant impact upon our financial position or results of operations.
In January 2003, the FASB issued FIN 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities.” FIN 46 requires us to consolidate a variable interest entity if we are subject to a majority of the risk of loss from the variable interest entity’s activities or entitled to receive a majority of the entity’s residual returns or both. FIN 46 is effective immediately for all new variable interest entities created or acquired after January 31, 2003. For variable interest entities created or acquired prior to February 1, 2003, the provisions of FIN 46 must be applied for the first interim or annual period beginning after June 15, 2003. We do not currently have any variable interest entities and, accordingly, the adoption of FIN 46 did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
In November 2002, the Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) reached a consensus on Issue No. 00-21, “Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables.” EITF 00-21 provides guidance on how to account for arrangements that involve the delivery or performance of multiple products, services and/or rights to use assets. The provisions of EITF Issue No. 00-21 will apply to revenue arrangements entered into in fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2003. The adoption of EITF 00-21 did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
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Results of Operations
The following table provides the percentage of our total revenues represented by each line item for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001. This information has been derived from the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report. The following table sets forth, as a percentage of total revenues, consolidated statements of operations data for the periods indicated:
| Years Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
| 2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
|||||||
| As a percentage of total revenues: |
|||||||||
| Revenues: |
|||||||||
| License |
39 | % | 44 | % | 51 | % | |||
| Service |
61 | 56 | 49 | ||||||
| Total revenues |
100 | 100 | 100 | ||||||
| Cost of revenues: |
|||||||||
| License |
2 | 2 | 3 | ||||||
| Service |
36 | 40 | 41 | ||||||
| Stock-based compensation |
3 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Total cost of revenues |
41 | 43 | 45 | ||||||
| Gross profit |
59 | 57 | 55 | ||||||
| Operating expenses: |
|||||||||
| Sales and marketing |
31 | 44 | 54 | ||||||
| Research and development |
24 | 27 | 27 | ||||||
| General and administrative |
9 | 11 | 12 | ||||||
| Stock-based compensation |
10 | 4 | 3 | ||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets |
5 | 5 | 4 | ||||||
| Restructuring expense |
3 | 9 | 2 | ||||||
| Purchased in-process research and development |
— | 1 | 4 | ||||||
| Amortization of goodwill |
— | — | 9 | ||||||
| Total operating expenses |
82 | 101 | 115 | ||||||
| Loss from operations |
(23 | ) | (44 | ) | (60 | ) | |||
| Interest expense |
— | — | — | ||||||
| Other income, net |
— | — | 5 | ||||||
| Net loss before income taxes |
(23 | ) | (44 | ) | (55 | ) | |||
| Provision for income taxes |
(1 | ) | — | — | |||||
| Net loss |
(24 | )% | (44 | )% | (55 | )% | |||
Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2003 and 2002
Revenues
License. Total license revenues decreased to approximately $26.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2003 from $32.6 million, or approximately 19%, for the year ended December 31, 2002. License revenues for enterprise solutions decreased to approximately $20.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2003 from $26.6 million, or approximately 23%, for the year ended December 31, 2002. License revenues for marketing solutions decreased to approximately $5.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2003 from $6.0 million, or approximately 1%, for the year ended December 31, 2002. The overall license revenues decrease was due to smaller aggregate dollar sales by new and existing customers as they reduced or delayed spending due to a weak economic environment in our target markets. We had six customers that purchased enterprise solution licenses in
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amounts greater than $1.0 million in each of 2003 and 2002. The average license fee amount for these purchases decreased by $0.8 million in 2003 from 2002 due to lower-volume license commitments.
Service. Total service revenues, which include reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses, increased to approximately $41.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2003 from $41.3 million, or approximately 1%, for the year ended December 31, 2002. Service revenues for enterprise solutions increased to approximately $30.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2003 from $28.5 million, or approximately 8%, for the year ended December 31, 2002. Service revenues for marketing solutions decreased to approximately $10.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2003 from $12.8 million, or approximately 14%, for the year ended December 31, 2002. The overall service revenues increase was due to a continuation in large customer implementations as well as maintenance, support and consulting revenues associated with license agreements.
Reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses (which is included in total service revenues) increased to $2.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2003 from $2.0 million, or approximately 14%, for the year ended December 31, 2002.
Cost of Revenues
License. Cost of license revenues decreased to $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2003 from $1.6 million, or approximately 10%, for the year ended December 31, 2002. License gross margins were approximately 95% for both years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively. The aggregate cost of license revenues is in line with the decrease in aggregate license revenues. We expect cost of license revenues to remain in the range of four to six percent of license revenues.
Service. Cost of service revenues decreased to $24.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2003 from $29.7 million, or approximately 17%, for the year ended December 31, 2002. These costs resulted in service gross margins of 41% and 28% for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively. Service gross margins improved mainly as the result of combined effects of restructuring actions implemented, increased efficiencies and reduced spending. The decrease in these expenses was mainly attributable to a decrease of $2.3 million in personnel related expenses due to a decrease in headcount, a decrease of $2.2 million in third-party consulting services and a decrease of $0.6 million in office, facilities, depreciation and other related expenses due to restructuring actions implemented.
Stock-based compensation. Stock-based compensation included in cost of revenues was $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2003 compared to $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2002. The increase in stock-based compensation is mainly due to the increase in the Company’s stock price during fiscal year 2003 which affects the variable accounting calculation to which restricted stock and some outstanding stock options are subject.
Operating Expenses
Sales and marketing. Sales and marketing expenses decreased to $21.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2003 from $32.5 million, or approximately 34%, for the year ended December 31, 2002. The decrease in these expenses was mainly attributable to a decrease of $6.2 million in personnel related expenses due to a decrease in headcount and commission expenses, a decrease of $2.4 million in marketing programs, trade shows and professional services and a decrease of approximately $2.5 million in office, facilities, depreciation and other allocated expenses due to lower headcount as a percentage of the Company’s overall headcount as a result of restructuring actions implemented.
Research and development. Research and development expenses decreased to $16.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2003 from $20.1 million, or approximately 19%, for the year ended December 31, 2002. The decrease in these expenses was mainly attributable to a decrease of $2.6 million in personnel related
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expenses due to a decrease in headcount and bonus expenses and a decrease of approximately $1.2 million in overhead allocations, office, facilities and depreciation related expenses due to lower headcount as a percentage of the Company’s overall headcount as a result of restructuring actions implemented.
General and administrative. General and administrative expenses decreased to $6.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2003 from $7.7 million, or approximately 19%, for the year ended December 31, 2002. The decrease in these expenses was mainly attributable to a decrease of $0.7 million in personnel related expenses due to a decrease in headcount, a decrease of $1.5 million in office, facilities and depreciation related expenses due to restructuring actions implemented and a decrease of $0.8 million in professional services and other expenses. These decreases were partially offset by an increase of $1.6 million in allocated expenses due to lower headcounts in other operating functions of the Company as a result of restructuring actions implemented.
Stock-based compensation expense. We recorded amortization of stock-based compensation expense of $0.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2003 compared to $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 in relation to options granted prior to our initial public offering with an exercise price lower than the deemed fair market value of the underlying common stock at the date of issuance. At December 31, 2003, approximately $0.2 million of unearned stock-based compensation remained to be amortized.
On August 23, 2002, we implemented a stock option exchange program (the “Program”). Under the Program, holders of outstanding options with an exercise price of $3.00 or greater per share (the “Eligible Options”) were given the choice of retaining these options or canceling the options in exchange for (i) restricted shares of common stock (“Restricted Stock”) to be issued as soon as possible after the expiration of the Program period and/or (ii) replacement options issuable six (6) months and one (1) day following the cancellation of the Program (“Replacement Options”) at the closing market price on that date. The Program, as amended, also provided our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, if they participated in the Program, with a Separate Restricted Stock Agreement (the “CEO and CFO Agreement”), which includes specific vesting provisions based on achieving certain financial performance goals. There were 11,668,875 options subject to the Program, which closed on October 9, 2002.
Employees tendered 8,109,640 stock options and received 2,780,967 shares of Restricted Stock pursuant to the Program. In addition, employees tendered 672,948 stock options, which were cancelled and to the extent an employee was still with the Company were replaced six (6) months and one (1) day following the expiration of the Program. The tendered stock options represented approximately 59% of our total outstanding stock options as of the expiration date of the Program. In addition, in October 2002, we issued 3,706,745 shares of Restricted Stock to our employees residing in the United Kingdom, including to our Chief Executive Officer. The Restricted Stock issued to our Chief Executive Officer is subject to the CEO and CFO Agreement. In November 2003, our then acting Chief Financial Officer left our employ and, as a result, the Company is no longer subject to stock-based compensation expense related to the vesting of his restricted stock. In connection with the termination, we accelerated the vesting of 154,723 shares of restricted stock resulting in a compensation expense of $0.6 million.
The Program has been accounted for under the guidance of Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 00-23, “Issues Related to the Accounting for Stock Compensation under APB Opinion No. 25,” and Interpretation No. 44, “Accounting for Certain Transactions Involving Stock Compensation—an Interpretation of APB Opinion No. 25.” Because we offered to cancel existing fixed stock options in exchange for a grant of restricted stock within six months of the cancellation date of the existing options, the Eligible Options became subject to variable accounting treatment at the commencement date of the Program. Variable accounting ceased upon cancellation of the tendered options. A total of 2,886,287 Eligible Options that were not tendered will remain subject to variable accounting. The remaining unearned stock-based compensation expense amounted to approximately $1.5 million at December 31, 2003. For the year ended December 31, 2003, $7.6 million was recorded as stock-based compensation expense. The compensation expense on variable options will be re-measured at the end of each operating period until the options are exercised, forfeited or have expired. Depending upon movements in
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the market value of our common stock, this accounting treatment may result in significant additional stock-based compensation charges in future periods.
As part of the Program implemented in 2002, we issued 499,068 replacement options at the current market value of $0.88 per share on April 11, 2003 to employees.
The related functional breakdown of total stock-based compensation is outlined below (in thousands):
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||
| 2003 |
2002 | |||||
| Cost of service revenues |
$ | 1,797 | $ | 708 | ||
| Sales and marketing |
1,680 | 769 | ||||
| Research and development |
2,139 | 1,301 | ||||
| General and administrative |
2,779 | 723 | ||||
| Total |
$ | 8,395 | $ | 3,501 | ||
In September 2001, we issued warrants to Accenture plc to purchase up to 600,000 shares of our common stock subject to performance based vesting. No warrants have vested through December 31, 2003.
On August 12, 2002, we entered into an agreement with IBM to market our products and services to customers. We issued a fully vested and exercisable warrant to purchase up to 200,000 shares of common stock in connection with this agreement. The exercise price is set at $2.25 per share. The warrants expire on August 12, 2007. The warrants were valued at $0.1 million based on the Black-Scholes model using the following assumptions: volatility: 105%, risk-free rate: 3.22% and fair market value of our common stock at the grant date: $0.84. The value of the warrants was recorded as a prepaid expense and was offset against revenue during 2003 upon the completion of an IBM revenue generating transaction.
Amortization of intangibles. Amortization of intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2003 was $3.6 million compared to $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2002. The amortization expense in fiscal year 2003 included $0.5 million attributable to the acquisition of OnDemand in April 2002 and $1.8 million attributable to the acquisition of Prime Response in March 2001. The remaining balance of $1.3 million is related to the acquisitions of certain assets from ActionPoint and ASP Outfitter in May 2001 and technology from EDS in December 2001.
There was no amortization of goodwill in fiscal years 2003 or 2002 as a result of our adoption of SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” effective January 1, 2002. We expect amortization expense on purchased intangible assets to be $1.3 million in fiscal year 2004 and $0.1 million in fiscal year 2005, at which time existing purchased intangible assets will be fully amortized.
Restructuring Costs. During fiscal years 2003 and 2002, based upon our continued evaluation of economic conditions in the information technology industry and based upon our expectations regarding revenue levels, we restructured several areas of our business to reduce expenses and improve our revenue per employee, operating margin and overall operating performance to achieve cash flow and profitability breakeven in the near future. This restructuring program included a worldwide workforce reduction and consolidation of excess facilities and certain business functions. We believe that these reductions and realignments have resulted and will continue to result in a more responsive management structure.
We aligned our research and development spending with anticipated revenues in 2002 and 2003 after consolidating five acquisitions and integrating the various technologies into Chordiant solutions. We anticipate that we will continue to devote adequate resources to develop and maintain our products. If we experience significant growth, we may need to increasingly rely on the services of independent contractors.
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We also aligned our sales and marketing resources and expense levels with anticipated revenues as we entered fiscal year 2003. We made decisions to abandon certain vertical markets and focus our sales and marketing resources with our business alliance partners in particular vertical markets such as retail banking, insurance, consumer financial services, telecommunications and consumer direct industries.
The restructuring and cost control initiatives that occurred in fiscal year 2002 reduced our expense levels by $4.3 million per quarter. The restructuring and cost control initiatives that occurred in fiscal year 2003 reduced our expense levels an additional $1.3 million per quarter, resulting in a cost structure that we believe is better aligned with anticipated revenues. The majority of the $1.3 million in quarterly expense savings from the 2003 restructuring was derived from our workforce reduction.
As part of the fiscal year 2003 restructuring, we entered into an agreement with an independent contracting company with global technical resources and an operations center in Bangalore, India. The agreement provides for the independent contractor, at our direction, to attract, train, assimilate and retain sufficient highly qualified personnel to perform technical support and certain sustaining engineering functions. In fiscal year 2004, we plan to significantly increase the size of this organization and expand its scope as employee reductions occur throughout the year. Severance costs associated with the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2003 employee reductions were accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 112, “Employers’ Accounting for Post-employment Benefits.” Other one-time benefit arrangements are accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities.”
| • | Workforce reduction. The restructuring program resulted in the reduction of 74 regular employees and 108 regular employees during the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively. All areas of the Company were affected by this restructuring. We recorded a total workforce reduction expense relating to severance and benefits of approximately $2.0 million and $3.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively. |
| • | Consolidation of excess facilities. We accrued for lease costs of $0.2 million and $2.8 million during the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively, pertaining to the estimated future obligations for non-cancelable lease payments for the consolidation of excess facilities relating to lease terminations and non-cancelable lease costs. This expense included estimated sub-lease income based on current comparable rates for leases in the respective markets. If facilities rental rates continue to decrease in these markets or if it takes longer than expected to sublease these facilities, the maximum amount by which the actual loss could exceed the original estimate is approximately $1.4 million. |
A summary of the restructuring expense and other special charges is outlined as follows (in thousands):
| Facilities |
Severance and Benefits |
Total |
||||||||||
| Reserve balance at December 31, 2002: |
$ | 3,366 | $ | 1,191 | $ | 4,557 | ||||||
| Total charge |
202 | 2,041 | 2,243 | |||||||||
| Provision adjustment (1) |
(54 | ) | — | (54 | ) | |||||||
| Non-cash |
15 | (108 | ) | (93 | ) | |||||||
| Cash paid |
(430 | ) | (1,958 | ) | (2,388 | ) | ||||||
| Reserve balance at December 31, 2003: |
$ | 3,099 | $ | 1,166 | $ | 4,265 | ||||||
| (1) | Provision adjustment relates to a change in estimate. |
Amounts related to the net lease expenses due to the consolidation of facilities will be paid over the lease terms through fiscal year 2011. As of December 31, 2003, $4.3 million related to the restructuring reserve remains outstanding and is included in the accrued expenses line item on the balance sheet. The remaining accrual primarily relates to the termination and/or sublease of our excess facilities and to severance and other benefits for impacted employees which we expect to pay out by December 31, 2004.
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The total charge and related cash outlay related to our restructurings are based on management’s current estimates, which may change materially if further consolidations are required or if actual lease-related expenditures or sublease income differ from amounts currently expected. We will review the status of our obligations related to the restructurings quarterly and, if appropriate, record changes in estimates related to these obligations in current operations.
Because the benefits related to our restructuring are derived from management’s estimates, which are based on currently available information, we may not achieve the benefits currently anticipated or on the timetable or at the level currently contemplated.
Purchased in-process research and development. In-process research and development expense represents acquired technology that, on the date of acquisition, had not achieved technological feasibility and did not have an alternative future use, based on the state of development. Because the product under development may not achieve commercial viability, the amount of acquired in-process research and development was immediately expensed. The nature of the efforts required to develop the purchased in-process research and development into a commercially viable product principally relate to the completion of all planning, designing, prototyping, verification and testing activities that are necessary to establish that the product can be produced to meet its designed specifications, including functions, features and technical performance requirements.
During 2002, we expensed $1.0 million related to acquired in-process technology attributable to the acquisition of OnDemand. There was no purchased in-process research and development expense in fiscal year 2003.
The value of the purchased in-process research and development was determined by estimating the projected net cash flows related to the product, determined based upon our estimates of costs to complete the development of the technology and the future revenue to be earned upon commercialization of the products. The estimated stage of completion (expressed as a percentage of completion) for each project was calculated and then was applied to the net cash flows for the product. The cash flows were then discounted back to their net present value.
Other Income, Net, and Interest Expense
Other income, net, and interest expense consist primarily of interest income generated from our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, interest expense incurred in connection with outstanding borrowings, realized foreign currency gains and losses and other non-operating income and expenses. Interest expense decreased to $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2003 from $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2002. The decrease is due primarily to the payoff of outstanding borrowings during fiscal year 2003. Other income, net decreased to $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2003 from $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2002. The decrease in other income, net is mainly attributable to lower return on our investments as a result of our declining investment balances and lower interest rates, the write-off of a long outstanding acquisition-related balance and an asset write-off of disposed property and equipment.
Provision for Income Taxes
Our provisions for income taxes were $0.6 million and $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002. The provisions were attributable to taxes on earnings from our foreign subsidiaries.
Our deferred tax assets primarily consist of net operating loss carryforwards, nondeductible allowances and research and development tax credits. We have recorded a valuation allowance for the full amount of our net deferred tax assets, as the future realization of the tax benefit is not considered by management to be more-likely-than-not.
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Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2002 and 2001
Revenues
License. Total license revenues decreased to approximately $32.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $39.7 million, or approximately 18%, for the year ended December 31, 2001. License revenues for enterprise solutions decreased to approximately $26.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $27.0 million, or approximately 1%, for the year ended December 31, 2001. License revenues for marketing solutions decreased to approximately $6.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $12.7 million, or approximately 53%, for the year ended December 31, 2001. The overall license revenue decrease was primarily due to the decline in the number of application product implementations by new customers.
Service. Total service revenues, which include reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses, increased to approximately $41.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $37.8 million, or approximately 9%, for the year ended December 31, 2001. Service revenues for enterprise solutions increased to approximately $28.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $28.4 million, or less than 1%, for the year ended December 31, 2001. Service revenues for marketing solutions increased to approximately $12.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $9.4 million, or approximately 35%, for the year ended December 31, 2001. The overall service revenue increase was primarily due to a continuation in large customer implementations as well as maintenance, support and consulting revenues associated with license agreements.
Reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses (which is included in total service revenues) increased to $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $1.5 million, or approximately 33%, for the year ended December 31, 2001.
Cost of Revenues
License. Cost of license revenues decreased to $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $2.0 million, or approximately 20%, for the year ended December 31, 2001. License gross margins were approximately 95% for both years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The cost of license revenues is in line with the decrease of our license revenue. We expect cost of license revenues to remain in the range of four to six percent of license revenues.
Service. Cost of service revenues decreased to $29.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $32.1 million, or approximately 8%, for the year ended December 31, 2001. These costs resulted in service gross margins of 28% and 15% for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Service gross margins improved mainly as the result of combined effects of restructuring actions implemented, increased efficiencies and reduced spending.
Stock-based compensation. Stock-based compensation included in cost of revenues remained flat at $0.7 million for both years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively.
Operating Expenses
Sales and marketing. Sales and marketing expenses decreased to $32.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $41.7 million, or approximately 22%, for the year ended December 31, 2001. The decrease in these expenses were mainly attributable to a decrease of $6.9 million in personnel related expenses due to a decrease in headcount and commission expenses, a decrease of $2.0 million in marketing programs and professional services and a $0.2 million decrease in facilities and overhead expenses.
Research and development. Research and development expenses, decreased to $20.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $20.5 million, or approximately 2%, for the year ended December 31, 2001. The decrease was mainly due to a decrease of $0.9 million in outside consulting expense. This decrease was partially
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offset by an increase of $0.3 million in personnel related expenses and $0.2 million in allocated depreciation and overhead costs.
General and administrative. General and administrative expenses decreased to $7.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $9.6 million, or approximately 20%, for the year ended December 31, 2001. The decrease was mainly due to a decrease of $1.5 million in personnel related expenses due to a decrease in headcount and $0.4 million in professional services expenses.
Stock-based compensation expense. In connection with the grant of certain employee stock options, we recorded aggregate unearned stock-based compensation expenses of $14.8 million. This balance represents the total difference between the exercise price of the option and the deemed fair market value of the underlying common stock at the date of issuance in relation to options granted prior to our initial public offering. During 2002, we recorded amortization of stock-based compensation expense related to the grant of certain employee stock options of $1.6 million compared to $2.7 million in 2001. At December 31, 2002, approximately $1.5 million of unearned stock-based compensation remained to be amortized.
On August 23, 2002, we implemented a stock option exchange program (the “Program”). Under the Program, holders of outstanding options with an exercise price of $3.00 or greater per share (the “Eligible Options”) were given the choice of retaining these options or canceling the options in exchange for (i) restricted shares of common stock (“Restricted Stock”) to be issued as soon as possible after the expiration of the Program period and/or (ii) replacement options issuable six (6) months and one (1) day following the cancellation of the Program (“Replacement Options”) at the closing market price on that date. On October 4, 2002, we amended the Program to provide the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, if they participated in the Program, with a Separate Restricted Stock Agreement (the “CEO and CFO Agreement”), which includes specific vesting provisions based on achieving certain financial performance goals. There were 11,668,875 options subject to the Program, which closed on October 9, 2002.
Employees tendered 8,109,640 stock options and received 2,780,967 shares of Restricted Stock pursuant to the Program. In addition, employees tendered 672,948 stock options, which were cancelled and to the extent an employee was still with the Company were replaced six (6) months and one (1) day following the expiration of the Program. The tendered stock options represented approximately 59% of our total outstanding stock options as of the expiration date of the Program.
In addition, in October 2002, we issued 3,706,745 shares of Restricted Stock to our employees residing in the United Kingdom, including to our Chief Executive Officer. The Restricted Stock issued to our Chief Executive Officer is subject to the CEO and CFO Agreement.
The Program has been accounted for under the guidance of Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 00-23, “Issues Related to the Accounting for Stock Compensation under APB Opinion No. 25,” and Interpretation No. 44, “Accounting for Certain Transactions Involving Stock Compensation—an Interpretation of APB Opinion No. 25.” Because we offered to cancel existing fixed stock options in exchange for a grant of restricted stock within six months of the cancellation date of the existing options, the Eligible Options became subject to variable accounting treatment at the commencement date of the Program. Variable accounting ceased upon cancellation of the tendered options. A total of 2,886,287 Eligible Options that were not tendered will remain subject to variable accounting. We recorded $6.1 million of unearned stock-based compensation expense based on the fair market value of the Restricted Stock at the date of issuance of which $1.2 million was recorded as compensation expense at December 31, 2002. We recorded $0.6 million of unearned stock-based compensation expense related to the options that were not tendered based on the difference between the exercise price and the fair market value of the stock at December 31, 2002 of which $0.2 million was expensed at December 31, 2002. The compensation expense on variable options will be re-measured at the end of each operating period until the options are exercised, forfeited or expired. Depending upon movements in the market value of our common stock, this accounting treatment may result in significant additional stock-based compensation charges in future periods.
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We also recorded stock-based compensation expense of $0.5 million for both the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 in conjunction with notes receivable with current and former executives.
The related functional breakdown of total stock-based compensation is outlined below (in thousands):
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||
| 2002 |
2001 | |||||
| Cost of service revenues |
$ | 708 | $ | 698 | ||
| Sales and marketing |
769 | 1,040 | ||||
| Research and development |
1,301 | 1,076 | ||||
| General and administrative |
723 | 406 | ||||
| Total |
$ | 3,501 | $ | 3,220 | ||
In September 2001, we issued warrants to Accenture plc to purchase up to 600,000 shares of our Common Stock subject to performance based vesting. No warrants have vested through December 31, 2003.
On August 12, 2002, we entered into an agreement with IBM to market our products and services to customers. We issued a fully vested and exercisable warrant to purchase up to 200,000 shares of common stock in connection with this agreement. The exercise price is set at $2.25 per share. The warrants expire on August 12, 2007. The warrants were valued at $0.1 million based on the Black-Scholes model using the following assumptions: volatility: 105%, risk-free rate: 3.22% and fair market value of our common stock at the grant date: $0.84. The value of the warrants was recorded as a prepaid expense, and will be offset against revenue on future IBM revenue generating transactions.
Amortization of intangibles. Amortization of intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2002 was $3.7 million of which $0.4 million is attributable to the acquisition of OnDemand in April 2002 and $1.8 million is attributable to the acquisition of Prime Response in March 2001. The remaining balance of $1.5 million is related to the acquisitions of certain assets from ActionPoint and ASP Outfitter in May 2001 and technology from EDS in December 2001.
Restructuring expense. During 2002, several areas of the Company were restructured to prioritize our initiatives around services, sales, training and research and development business, reduce expenses and improve efficiency in order to achieve cash flow and profitability breakeven in the near future. This restructuring program included a worldwide workforce reduction, consolidation of excess facilities and restructuring of certain business functions.
| • | Workforce reduction. The restructuring program resulted in the reduction of 108 regular employees representing annual savings of approximately $10 million. All areas of the Company were affected by this restructuring. We recorded a total workforce reduction charge of approximately $3.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 relating to severance and benefits. |
| • | Consolidation of excess facilities. We accrued for lease costs of $2.8 million during 2002 pertaining to the estimated future obligations for non-cancelable lease payments for the consolidation of excess facilities relating to lease terminations and non-cancelable lease costs. This charge included estimated sub-lease income based on current comparable rates for leases in the respective markets. The consolidation of excess facilities represents an annual savings of approximately $0.2 million. |
On March 27, 2001 we completed the acquisition of Prime Response. In connection with the acquisition, we restructured several areas to prioritize our initiatives around high-growth areas of our business, reduce expenses, and improve efficiency due to macro-economic conditions. This restructuring program included a worldwide workforce reduction, consolidation of excess facilities, and restructuring of certain business functions.
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| • | Workforce reduction. The restructuring program resulted in the reduction of 11 regular employees, seven in the general and administrative function in the U.S. and four in the sales and marketing function based outside the U.S. The workforce reductions were completed in the second quarter of fiscal year 2001. We recorded a workforce reduction charge of approximately $0.7 million relating primarily to severance and benefits. |
| • | Consolidation of excess facilities. We accrued for lease costs of $0.8 million in the first quarter of 2001 pertaining to the estimated future gross obligations for non-cancelable lease payments for excess facilities that were vacated due to reductions in workforce. During the quarter ended June 30, 2001, we entered into a favorable sublease transaction, which led to a $0.2 million reduction in the corresponding facilities charge. |
A summary of the restructuring cost and other special charges is outlined as follows (in thousands):
| Facilities |
Severance and Benefits |
Total |
||||||||||
| Reserve balance at December 31, 2001: |
$ | 307 | $ | — | $ | 307 | ||||||
| Total charge |
2,764 | 3,794 | 6,558 | |||||||||
| Provision adjustment (1) |
81 | — | 81 | |||||||||
| Non-cash |
666 | — | 666 | |||||||||
| Cash paid |
(452 | ) | (2,603 | ) | (3,055 | ) | ||||||
| Reserve balance at December 31, 2002: |
$ | 3,366 | $ | 1,191 | $ | 4,557 | ||||||
| (1) | Provision adjustment relates to a change in estimate. |
Purchased in-process research and development. In-process research and development expense represents acquired technology that, on the date of acquisition, had not achieved technological feasibility and did not have an alternative future use, based on the state of development. Because the product under development may not achieve commercial viability, the amount of acquired in-process research and development was immediately expensed. The nature of the efforts required to develop the purchased in-process research and development into a commercially viable product principally relate to the completion of all planning, designing, prototyping, verification and testing activities that are necessary to establish that the product can be produced to meet its designed specifications, including functions, features and technical performance requirements.
During 2002, we expensed $1.0 million related to acquired in-process technology attributable to the acquisition of OnDemand. During 2001, we expensed a total of $3.0 million related to acquired in-process technology of which $1.5 million is attributable to the acquisition of Prime Response, $0.4 million is attributable to the acquisition of certain assets of ActionPoint, $0.8 million is attributable to certain assets acquired from ASP Outfitter and $0.3 million is attributable to certain assets acquired from Pyxis, Inc.
The value of the purchased in-process research and development was determined by estimating the projected net cash flows related to the product, determined based upon our estimates of costs to complete the development of the technology and the future revenue to be earned upon commercialization of the products. The estimated stage of completion (expressed as a percentage of completion) for each project was calculated and then was applied to the net cash flows for the product. The cash flows were then discounted back to their net present value.
Amortization of goodwill. There was no amortization of goodwill from 2002 as a result of our adoption of SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” effective January 1, 2002. We ceased to amortize the unamortized goodwill balances of approximately $20.7 million, including $2.7 million of acquired workforce-in- place that was reclassified to goodwill during 2002. Additionally, there was no amortization of the $4.2 million of goodwill recorded as a result of the OnDemand acquisition. Amortization of goodwill during the year ended December 31, 2001 represented $6.6 million.
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Other Income, Net, and Interest Expense
Other income, net, and interest expense consist primarily of interest income generated from our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, interest expense incurred in connection with outstanding borrowings, realized foreign currency gains and losses and other non-operating income and expenses. Interest expense increased to $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2001. The increase is due primarily to borrowings assumed as part of the acquisition of OnDemand in 2002. Other income, net decreased to $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $4.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2001. The decrease in other income, net is mainly attributable to lower interest income on our investments as a result of our declining investment balances and lower interest rates, a $0.5 million contract termination fee received in 2001 and the effect of currency translation gains and losses.
Provision for Income Taxes
Our provisions for income taxes were $0.2 million for both years ended December 31, 2002 and December 31, 2001. The provisions were attributable to taxes on earnings from our foreign subsidiaries.
Our deferred tax assets primarily consist of net operating loss carryforwards, nondeductible allowances and research and development tax credits. We have recorded a valuation allowance for the full amount of our net deferred tax assets, as the future realization of the tax benefit is not considered by management to be more-likely-than-not.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments and restricted cash and long-term restricted cash consist principally of money market funds, a certificate of deposit and marketable equity securities, which totaled $38.3 million at December 31, 2003. All of our short-term investments are classified as available-for-sale under the provisions of SFAS 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities.” The securities are carried at fair market value. Gains and losses on investments are recognized when realized on the consolidated statements of income.
Cash used in operating activities was $7.7 million, $11.1 million and $27.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Cash used in operating activities during fiscal year 2003 consisted primarily of our net loss of $16.4 million adjusted for non-cash items (primarily depreciation, amortization and non-cash stock based compensation expense) of approximately $14.6 million and the net cash outflow effect from changes in assets and liabilities of approximately $5.9 million. During fiscal year 2003, the following occurred which contributed to the net cash outflow effect from changes in assets and liabilities: (i) deferred revenues decreased as long-term support and maintenance revenues were recognized for which cash was received in prior years; (ii) accounts payable decreased as the Company paid off prior year balances and continued to closely manage 2003 operating expenses; (iii) accrued expenses decreased as a result of payments for restructuring-related accruals, commissions and bonuses which were partially offset by current year accruals; and (iv) accounts receivable increased due to higher fourth quarter revenues in 2003 than in 2002. Cash used in operating activities during fiscal year 2002 consisted primarily of our net loss of $32.3 million adjusted for non-cash items (primarily depreciation, amortization, non-cash stock based compensation expense and purchased in-process research and development) of approximately $12.7 million and the net cash inflow effect from changes in assets and liabilities of approximately $8.5 million. During fiscal year 2002, the following occurred which contributed to the net cash inflow effect from changes in assets and liabilities: (i) accounts receivable decreased due to lower fourth quarter revenues in 2002 than in 2001; (ii) prepaid expenses decreased as prepaid commission expenses were recognized and prepaid acquisition related balances were utilized; (iii) accrued expenses increased due to restructuring activities implemented in 2002; and (iv) deferred revenue decreased as license revenue contracts signed in 2001 were completed and recognized in 2002.
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Cash provided by investing activities was $8.1 million, $7.8 million and $11.8 million during the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. During fiscal year 2003, the following occurred: (i) proceeds from net maturities of short-term investments totaled $8.6 million and were reinvested into cash and cash equivalent investments to be available to fund operating activities; and (ii) capital expenditures totaled $0.6 million. During fiscal year 2002, the following occurred: (i) proceeds from net maturities of short-term investments totaled $13.4 million and were reinvested into cash and cash equivalent investments to be available to fund operating activities; (ii) cash paid for the acquisition of OnDemand (net of cash acquired) totaled $4.8 million; and (iii) capital expenditures totaled $1.5 million.
Cash provided by financing activities was $1.9 million, $5.8 million and $1.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. During fiscal year 2003, the following occurred: (i) repaid $4.7 million of borrowings including $3.5 million of borrowings entered into during 2003; (ii) received proceeds of $1.3 million from the issuance of common stock as part of the employee stock purchase plan; (iii) received proceeds of $1.0 million from the exercise of employee stock options; and (iv) received proceeds of $0.9 million from the collection of notes receivables. During fiscal year 2002, the following occurred: (i) obtained net proceeds of $3.0 million from the sale of 479,100 shares of our common stock to Canadian Imperial Holdings, Inc.; (ii) received proceeds of $1.9 million from the issuance of common stock as part of the employee stock purchase plan; (iii) received proceeds of $1.5 million from the exercise of employee stock options; (iv) repaid $1.2 million of borrowings net of $0.4 million of borrowings entered into during 2002; and (v) received proceeds of $0.5 million from the collection of notes receivables.
At December 31, 2003 and 2002, we had a balance of $1.5 million in the form of short-term investments that meet the qualification to be considered cash equivalents, which were restricted from withdrawal. This balance serves as a security deposit in a post-contract customer support revenue transaction. At December 31, 2003 and 2002, we also had an interest bearing certificate of deposit classified as short-term investments and restricted cash which serves as collateral for a $0.4 million letter of credit security deposit for a leased facility.
Borrowings consisted of several notes payable for equipment leases assumed by Chordiant upon the acquisition of OnDemand. Interest rates ranged from 12.86% to 15.61%. We paid off all outstanding note payable balances in December 2003.
Our two-year line of credit with Comerica Bank, effective from March 28, 2003, is comprised of an accounts receivable line and an equipment line. The terms of the line of credit require us to maintain a minimum quick ratio of 2.00 to 1.00, a tangible net worth of at least $15.0 million plus 60% of the proceeds of any equity offerings and subordinated debt issuances subsequent to the effective date of the line of credit agreement, and certain other covenants.
Under the terms and conditions of the accounts receivable line, the total amount of the line of credit is $5.0 million. Borrowings under the accounts receivable line of credit will bear interest at the lending bank’s prime rate plus 0.5%. Advances are available on a non-formula basis up to $2.0 million (non-formula portion); however, if advances exceed $2.0 million, then subsequent advances cannot exceed 80% of eligible accounts receivable balances, and the bank would hold a security interest in those accounts receivable.
Borrowings under the new $2.5 million equipment line bear interest at the lending bank’s prime rate plus 1.0%, and the bank would hold a security interest in the equipment. In March 2003, we borrowed $2.5 million against the equipment line of credit. We paid off the outstanding line of credit balance in December 2003. As of December 31, 2003, we were in compliance with the respective debt covenants.
We have no material commitments for capital expenditures or strategic commitments and we anticipate a low rate of capital expenditures. We may use cash to acquire or license technology, products or businesses related to our current business. In addition, we anticipate that we will experience low growth in our operating expenses for the foreseeable future and that our operating expenses will be a material use of our cash resources.
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Future payments due under lease obligations as of December 31, 2003 are as follows (in thousands):
| Fiscal Year |
Operating Leases |
Sublease Income |
Total | |||||||
| 2004 |
$ | 3,170 | $ | (438 | ) | $ | 2,732 | |||
| 2005 |
3,164 | (143 | ) | 3,021 | ||||||
| 2006 |
3,388 | — | 3,388 | |||||||
| 2007 |
3,412 | — | 3,412 | |||||||
| 2008 |
2,893 | — | 2,893 | |||||||
| Thereafter |
3,065 | — | 3,065 | |||||||
| Total |
$ | 19,092 | $ | (581 | ) | $ | 18,511 | |||
Our existing cash, cash equivalents and investment balances may decline further during fiscal year 2004. However, we believe that the effects of our strategic actions implemented to improve revenue as well as control costs will be adequate to generate sufficient cash reserves, which, when combined with existing cash balances, we anticipate will be sufficient to meet our working capital and operating resource expenditure requirements for the next 12 months. If the global economy weakens further, the decline in cash, cash equivalents and investments balances may be greater than presently anticipated.
We anticipate that operating expenses will continue to be a material use of our cash resources. We may continue to utilize cash resources to fund acquisitions or investments in other businesses, technologies or product lines. In the long-term, we may require additional funds to support our working capital and operating expense requirements or for other purposes, and may seek to raise these additional funds through public or private debt or equity financings. There can be no assurance that this additional financing will be available, or if available, will be on reasonable terms. Failure to generate sufficient revenues or to control spending could adversely affect our ability to achieve our business objectives.
In January 2004, we sold 4,854,368 shares of our common stock to Acqua Wellington Opportunity I Limited for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $25.0 million which will be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes.
Indemnification
As permitted under Delaware law, we have agreements whereby we indemnify our officers, directors and certain employees for certain events or occurrences while the employee, officer or director is, or was serving, at our request in such capacity. The term of the indemnification period is for the officer’s or director’s lifetime. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited; however, we have a Director and Officer insurance policy that limits our exposure and may enable us to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. As a result of our insurance policy coverage, we believe the estimated fair value of these indemnification agreements is minimal. Accordingly, we have no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of December 31, 2003.
We enter into standard indemnification agreements in our ordinary course of business. Pursuant to these agreements, we indemnify, defend, hold harmless, and agree to reimburse the indemnified party for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party, generally our business partners or customers, in connection with any patent, copyright or other intellectual property infringement claim by any third party with respect to our products. The term of these indemnification agreements is generally perpetual after execution of the agreement. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited. We have never incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements. As a result, we believe the estimated fair value of these agreements is minimal. Accordingly, we have no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of December 31, 2003.
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We enter into arrangements with our business partners, whereby the business partner agrees to provide services as a subcontractor for our implementations. We may, at our discretion and in the ordinary course of business, subcontract the performance of any of our services. Accordingly, we enter into standard indemnification agreements with our customers, whereby we indemnify them for other acts, such as personal property damage, of our subcontractors. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited; however, we have general and umbrella insurance policies that may enable us to recover a portion of any amounts paid. We have not incurred significant costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements. As a result, we believe the estimated fair value of these agreements is minimal. Accordingly, we have no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of December 31, 2003.
When as part of an acquisition we acquire all of the stock or all of the assets and liabilities of a company, we may assume the liability for certain events or occurrences that took place prior to the date of acquisition. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make for such obligations is undeterminable at this time. All of these obligations were grandfathered under the provisions of FIN 45 as they were in effect prior to March 31, 2003. Accordingly, we have no liabilities recorded for these liabilities as of December 31, 2003.
We warrant that our software products will perform in all material respects in accordance with our standard published specifications and documentation in effect at the time of delivery of the licensed products to the customer for a specified period of time. Additionally, we warrant that our maintenance and consulting services will be performed consistent with generally accepted industry standards. If necessary, we would provide for the estimated cost of product and service warranties based on specific warranty claims and claim history, however, we have not incurred significant expense under our product or services warranties to date. As a result, we believe the estimated fair value on these warranties is minimal. Accordingly, we have no liabilities recorded for these warranties as of December 31, 2003.
42
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes, foreign currency fluctuations, and change in the market values of our non-traded, available-for-sale investments.
The following table presents the amounts of short-term investments and restricted cash that are subject to interest rate risk by year of expected maturity and average interest rates as of December 31, 2003:
| 2003 |
Fair Value | ||||||
| Short-term investments and restricted cash |
$ | 581 | $ | 581 | |||
| Average interest rates |
1.6 | % | |||||
The following table presents the amounts of short-term investments and restricted cash that are subject to interest rate risk by year of expected maturity and average interest rates as of December 31, 2002:
| 2002 |
Fair Value | ||||||
| Short-term investments and restricted cash |
$ | 9,245 | $ | 9,245 | |||
| Average interest rates |
2.7 | % | |||||
Interest Rate Risk. Our exposure to market rate risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our investment portfolio. We have not used derivative financial instruments to hedge our investment portfolio. We invest excess cash in debt instruments of the U.S. Government and its agencies, and in high-quality corporate issuers and, by policy, limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. We protect and preserve invested funds by limiting default, market and reinvestment risk. Investments in both fixed rate and floating rate interest earning instruments carries a degree of interest rate risk. Fixed rate securities may have their fair market value adversely impacted due to a rise in interest rates, while floating rate securities may produce less income than expected if interest rates fall. Due in part to these factors, our future investment income may fall short of expectations due to changes in interest rates or we may suffer losses in principal if forced to sell securities, which have declined in market value due to changes in interest rates.
Foreign Currency Risk. International revenues from our foreign subsidiaries accounted for approximately 77% of total revenues during 2003. International sales are made mostly from our foreign sales subsidiaries in their respective countries and are typically denominated in the local currency of each country. These subsidiaries also incur most of their expenses in the local currency. Accordingly, all foreign subsidiaries use the local currency as their functional currency.
Additionally, one of our foreign subsidiaries holds cash equivalent investments in currencies other than their respective local currency. Such holdings increase our exposure to foreign exchange rate fluctuations. As exchange rates vary, the holdings may magnify foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations or upon translation adversely impact overall expected profitability through foreign currency losses incurred upon the sale or maturity of the investments. Foreign currency losses, net for the year ended December 31, 2003 was less than $0.1 million.
Our international business is subject to risks, including, but not limited to changing economic conditions, changes in political climate, differing tax structures, other regulations and restrictions, and foreign exchange rate volatility when compared to the United States. Accordingly, our future results could be materially adversely impacted by changes in these or other factors.
43
| ITEM 8. | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA |
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
Chordiant Software, Inc. and Subsidiaries: Consolidated Financial Statements for the Years Ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001.
| Consolidated Financial Statements: |
||
| 45 | ||
| 46 | ||
| 47 | ||
| 48 | ||
| 49 | ||
| 50 | ||
| Financial Statement Schedule: |
||
| 90 | ||
All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the Consolidated Financial Statements or Notes thereto.
44
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Chordiant Software, Inc.:
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the accompanying index, present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Chordiant Software, Inc. and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2003 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America, which require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
As discussed in Note 5 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, effective January 1, 2002, the Company changed its method of accounting for goodwill in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.”
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
San Jose, California
January 28, 2004
45
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except per share data)
| December 31, |
||||||||
| 2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
| ASSETS |
||||||||
| Current assets: |
||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 36,218 | $ | 30,731 | ||||
| Short-term investments and restricted cash |
581 | 9,245 | ||||||
| Accounts receivable, net |
11,974 | 9,415 | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
2,675 | 3,162 | ||||||
| Total current assets |
51,448 | 52,553 | ||||||
| Restricted cash |
1,500 | 1,500 | ||||||
| Property and equipment, net |
3,071 | 5,069 | ||||||
| Goodwill |
24,874 | 24,874 | ||||||
| Intangible assets, net |
1,414 | 4,975 | ||||||
| Other assets |
1,504 | 1,788 | ||||||
| Total assets |
$ | 83,811 | $ | 90,759 | ||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
||||||||
| Current liabilities: |
||||||||
| Borrowings |
$ | — | $ | 1,114 | ||||
| Accounts payable |
3,931 | 5,936 | ||||||
| Accrued expenses |
13,038 | 14,007 | ||||||
| Deferred revenue |
14,548 | 10,927 | ||||||
| Total current liabilities |
31,517 | 31,984 | ||||||
| Deferred revenue—long-term |
3,848 | 7,667 | ||||||
| Borrowings—long-term |
— | 136 | ||||||
| Other liabilities |
— | 161 | ||||||
| Total liabilities |
35,365 | 39,948 | ||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 10) |
||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: |
||||||||
| Common stock, $0.001 par value; 300,000 shares authorized; 64,763 and 62,563 shares issued and outstanding |
65 | 63 | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital |
235,911 | 229,852 | ||||||
| Notes receivable from stockholders |
— | (496 | ) | |||||
| Deferred stock-based compensation |
(1,665 | ) | (6,750 | ) | ||||
| Accumulated deficit |
(188,906 | ) | (172,503 | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income |
3,041 | 645 | ||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity |
48,446 | 50,811 | ||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |
$ | 83,811 | $ | 90,759 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
46
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(in thousands, except per share data)
| Years Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||
| 2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
||||||||||
| Revenues: |
||||||||||||
| License |
$ | 26,514 | $ | 32,583 | $ | 39,664 | ||||||
| Service |
41,752 | 41,268 | 37,800 | |||||||||
| Total revenues |
68,266 | 73,851 | 77,464 | |||||||||
| Cost of revenues: |
||||||||||||
| License |
1,421 | 1,580 | 1,982 | |||||||||
| Service |
24,593 | 29,669 | 32,100 | |||||||||
| Stock-based compensation |
1,797 | 708 | 698 | |||||||||
| Total cost of revenues |
27,811 | 31,957 | 34,780 | |||||||||
| Gross profit |
40,455 | 41,894 | 42,684 | |||||||||
| Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing |
21,423 | 32,541 | 41,651 | |||||||||
| Research and development |
16,251 | 20,074 | 20,457 | |||||||||
| General and administrative |
6,233 | 7,662 | 9,604 | |||||||||
| Stock-based compensation |
6,598 | 2,793 | 2,522 | |||||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets |
3,561 | 3,664 | 3,064 | |||||||||
| Restructuring expense |
2,189 | 6,639 | 1,669 | |||||||||
| Purchased in-process research and development |
— | 997 | 3,025 | |||||||||
| Amortization of goodwill |
— | — | 6,635 | |||||||||
| Total operating expenses |
56,255 | 74,370 | 88,627 | |||||||||
| Loss from operations |
(15,800 | ) | (32,476 | ) | (45,943 | ) | ||||||
| Interest expense |
(114 | ) | (216 | ) | (79 | ) | ||||||
| Other income, net |
61 | 521 | 3,960 | |||||||||
| Net loss before income taxes |
(15,853 | ) | (32,171 | ) | (42,062 | ) | ||||||
| Provision for income taxes |
550 | 150 | 200 | |||||||||
| Net loss |
$ | (16,403 | ) | $ | (32,321 | ) | $ | (42,262 | ) | |||
| Other comprehensive income (loss): |
||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation gain (loss) |
2,396 | 1,275 | (532 | ) | ||||||||
| Comprehensive loss |
$ | (14,007 | ) | $ | (31,046 | ) | $ | (42,794 | ) | |||
| Net loss per share—basic and diluted |
$ | (0.28 | ) | $ | (0.59 | ) | $ | (0.86 | ) | |||
| Weighted average shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share |
59,353 | 55,055 | 49,252 | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
47
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands)
| Common Stock |
Additional Paid-in Capital |
Note Receivable from Stockholders |
Unearned Compensation |
Accumulated Deficit |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
Total Stockholders’ Equity |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares |
Amount |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2000 |
38,206 | $ | 38 | $ | 170,389 | $ | (1,799 | ) | $ | (7,290 | ) | $ | (97,920 | ) | $ | (98 | ) | $ | 63,320 | ||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options |
738 | 1 | 666 | (96 | ) | — | — | — | 571 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of Common Stock |
(10 | ) | — | (26 | ) | — | — | — | — | (26 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of Common Stock and cancellation of note receivable |
(117 | ) | — | (332 | ) | 800 | — | — | — | 468 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Repayment of note receivable |
— | — | — | 134 | — | — | — | 134 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock option cancellations |
— | — | (565 | ) | — | 565 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of unearned compensation |
— | — | — | — | 2,680 | — | — | 2,680 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Common Stock for Employee Stock Purchase Plan |
555 | — | 1,307 | — | — | — | — | 1,307 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock issued in connection with Prime Response Acquisition |
11,919 | 12 | 33,733 | — | — | — | — | 33,745 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrants and options assumed in connection with Prime Response Acquisition |
— | — | 6,060 | — | — | — | — | 6,060 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock issued in connection with ActionPoint Asset Acquisition |
1,734 | 2 | 5,303 | — | — | — | — | 5,305 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock issued in connection with AoNet Asset Acquisition |
165 | — | 530 | — | — | — | — | 530 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss |
— | — | — | — | — | (42,262 | ) | — | (42,262 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation |
— | — | — | — | — | — | (532 | ) | (532 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2001 |
53,190 | 53 | 217,065 | (961 | ) | (4,045 | ) | (140,182 | ) | (630 | ) | 71,300 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options |
985 | 1 | 2,027 | (496 | ) | — | — | — | 1,532 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repayment of notes receivable |
— | — | — | 510 | — | — | — | 510 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock option cancellations |
— | — | (930 | ) | — | 930 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of unearned compensation |
— | — | — | — | 3,014 | — | — | 3,014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in grantee status |
— | — | 58 | — | (22 | ) | — | — | 36 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of restricted stock |
6,568 | 7 | 6,069 | — | (6,076 | ) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of notes receivable |
— | — | — | 451 | — | — | — | 451 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Common Stock for Employee Stock Purchase Plan |
1,341 | 1 | 1,872 | — | — | — | — | 1,873 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Common Stock |
479 | 1 | 3,028 | — | — | — | — | 3,029 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unearned compensation on variable options |
— | — | 551 | — | (551 | ) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of warrant |
— | — | 112 | — | — | — | — | 112 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss |
— | — | — | — | — | (32,321 | ) | — | (32,321 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation |
— | — | — | — | — | — | 1,275 | 1,275 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2002 |
62,563 | 63 | 229,852 | (496 | ) | (6,750 | ) | (172,503 | ) | 645 | 50,811 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options |
781 | 1 | 975 | — | — | — | — | 976 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repayment of notes receivable |
— | — | — | 496 | — | — | — | 496 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of unearned compensation |
— | — | — | — | 3,669 | — | — | 3,669 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in grantee status |
— | — | 193 | — | 96 | — | — | 289 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization on restricted stock |
— | — | — | — | 4,635 | — | — | 4,635 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unearned compensation on restricted stock |
— | — | 1,362 | — | (1,362 | ) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cancellation of restricted stock |
(640 | ) | (1 | ) | (220 | ) | — | 221 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Common Stock for Employee Stock Purchase Plan |
2,000 | 2 | 1,279 | — | — | — | — | 1,281 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Common Stock |
59 | — | 146 | — | — | — | — | 146 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unearned compensation on variable options |
— | — | 2,174 | — | (2,174 | ) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrants issued to customer |
— | — | 150 | — | — | — | — | 150 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss |
— | — | — | — | — | (16,403 | ) | — | (16,403 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation |
— | — | — | — | — | — | 2,396 | 2,396 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2003 |
64,763 | $ | 65 | $ | 235,911 | $ | — | $ | (1,665 | ) | $ | (188,906 | ) | $ | 3,041 | $ | 48,446 | ||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
48
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
| Years Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||
| 2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: |
||||||||||||
| Net loss |
$ | (16,403 | ) | $ | (32,321 | ) | $ | (42,262 | ) | |||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization |
2,627 | 3,797 | 3,793 | |||||||||
| Purchased in-process research and development |
— | 997 | 3,025 | |||||||||
| Amortization of intangibles and goodwill |
3,561 | 3,664 | 9,699 | |||||||||
| Non-cash stock-based compensation expense |
8,197 | 3,501 | 3,222 | |||||||||
| Provision for doubtful accounts |
21 | 554 | 13 | |||||||||
| Warrants issued to customers |
150 | — | — | |||||||||
| Loss on disposal of assets |
99 | 226 | 185 | |||||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities: |
||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable |
1,187 | 11,789 | 5,751 | |||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
568 | 2,281 | 4,118 | |||||||||
| Other assets |
(381 | ) | 316 | 1,765 | ||||||||
| Issuance of restricted cash to customer |
— | (500 | ) | (1,000 | ) | |||||||
| Accounts payable |
(2,201 | ) | 263 | (4,171 | ) | |||||||
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities |
(1,171 | ) | 3,214 | (5,585 | ) | |||||||
| Deferred revenue |
(3,774 | ) | (8,374 | ) | (6,296 | ) | ||||||
| Other liabilities |
(161 | ) | (540 | ) | 666 | |||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities |
(7,681 | ) | (11,133 | ) | (27,077 | ) | ||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: |
||||||||||||
| Property and equipment purchases |
(611 | ) | (1,479 | ) | (2,121 | ) | ||||||
| Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment |
18 | 258 | — | |||||||||
| Cash acquired (used) from acquisitions, net |
— | (4,841 | ) | 7,686 | ||||||||
| Restricted cash |
44 | — | — | |||||||||
| Purchases of short-term investments |
(576 | ) | (9,383 | ) | — | |||||||
| Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments |
9,196 | 23,210 | 4,969 | |||||||||
| Proceeds from disposal of MSP business |
— | — | 1,281 | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by investing activities |
8,071 | 7,765 | 11,815 | |||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: |
||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options |
976 | 1,532 | 571 | |||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock for Employee Stock Purchase Plan |
1,281 | 1,873 | 1,307 | |||||||||
| Repurchase of common stock |
— | — | (26 | ) | ||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net |
— | 3,029 | — | |||||||||
| Repayment of notes receivable |
896 | 510 | 134 | |||||||||
| Proceeds from borrowings |
3,491 | 444 | — | |||||||||
| Repayment of borrowings |
(4,741 | ) | (1,632 | ) | (589 | ) | ||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities |
1,903 | 5,756 | 1,397 | |||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes |
3,194 | 1,275 | (532 | ) | ||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
5,487 | 3,663 | (14,397 | ) | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |
30,731 | 27,068 | 41,465 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of year |
$ | 36,218 | $ | 30,731 | $ | 27,068 | ||||||
| Supplemental cash flow information: |
||||||||||||
| Cash paid for interest |
$ | 166 | $ | 216 | $ | 79 | ||||||
| Cash paid for taxes |
$ | 638 | $ | 82 | $ | 243 | ||||||
| Supplemental non-cash activities: |
||||||||||||
| Compensation expense relating to issuance of common stock to employees |
$ | 130 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||
| Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisitions |
$ | — | $ | — | $ | 39,580 | ||||||
| Common stock issued for stockholder notes |
$ | — | $ | 496 | $ | 96 | ||||||
| Cancellation of notes receivable through repurchase of shares |
$ | — | $ | — | $ | 332 | ||||||
| Warrants and options assumed in connection with the Prime Response acquisition |
$ | — | $ | — | $ | 6,060 | ||||||
| Issuance of warrants |
$ | 150 | $ | 112 | $ | — | ||||||
| Borrowings assumed as part of OnDemand acquisition |
$ | — | $ | 2,154 | $ | — | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
49
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1—THE COMPANY:
We (Chordiant Software, Inc.) are an enterprise software vendor that offers software solutions for global business-to-consumer companies that seek to improve the quality of their customer interactions and to reduce costs through increased employee productivity and process efficiencies. We concentrate on serving global customers in retail financial services, communications and consumer direct industries. We were incorporated in California in March 1991 and reincorporated in Delaware in October 1997.
We deliver a complete customer solution that includes software applications and tools and services that enable businesses to integrate their customer information and corporate systems so that they can have an accurate, real-time view of their customers across multiple forms of customer interaction.
We believe our solutions offer great flexibility to businesses to set business policies and processes to control the quality of servicing, fulfillment and marketing to their customers. Our solutions enable companies to control and change their business policies and processes. We believe that we are leaders in providing business process driven solutions for customer management.
Our software solutions and architecture are based on leading industry standards that are widely adopted by business customers in the industries we serve. We believe these solutions are capable of being the foundation for contemporary distributed computing environments required by global business-to-consumer enterprises.
We have incurred losses and negative cash flows during each fiscal year since inception. For the year ended December 31, 2003, we incurred a net loss of approximately $16.4 million and negative cash flows from operations of approximately $7.6 million. Our cash balances may decline further although we believe that the effects of our strategic actions implemented to improve revenue as well as control costs will be adequate to generate sufficient cash resources to fund our operations. Failure to generate sufficient revenues or control spending could adversely affect our ability to achieve our business objectives.
NOTE 2—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year balances to conform to the current year presentation. For balance sheet reporting purposes, certain accounts receivable balances, principally consisting of unbilled license fees, have been netted against the corresponding deferred revenue balance.
Effective January 1, 2002, we adopted the provisions of Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) No. 01-14, “Income Statement Characterization of Reimbursements Received for “Out-of-Pocket” Expenses Incurred,” requiring that certain out-of-pocket expenses rebilled to customers be recorded as revenue versus an offset to the related expense. Fiscal year 2001 financial statements have been reclassified to conform to this presentation, as required by EITF No. 01-14. For the year ended December 31, 2001, the impact of reclassification was to increase service revenues and cost of service revenues by $1.5 million. Reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses included in service revenues and cost of service revenues was $2.3 million and $2.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Principles of consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
50
CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Use of estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.
On an on-going basis, we evaluate the estimates, including those related to our allowance for doubtful accounts, valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, valuation of deferred tax assets, restructuring costs, contingencies and the estimates associated with the percentage-of-completion method of accounting for certain of our revenue contracts. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments
All highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less from their date of purchase are considered to be cash equivalents.
Our short-term investments consist of debt securities with maturities greater than three months at the date of purchase and remaining maturities at the balance sheet date of one year or less. We classify all short-term investments as available-for-sale. Accordingly, our investments are carried at fair value as of the balance sheet date. Additionally, the cost of securities sold is based upon the specific identification method. At December 31, 2003 and 2002, amortized cost approximated fair value and unrealized gains and losses were insignificant due to their short maturities. As of December 31, 2003 and 2002 all short-term investments had maturities of less than one year from the balance sheet date.
The portfolio of short-term investments (including cash and cash equivalents) consisted of the following (in thousands):
| December 31, | ||||||
| 2003 |
2002 | |||||
| Cash |
$ | 32,682 | $ | 22,585 | ||
| Money market and money funds |
3,536 | 3,245 | ||||
| Certificate of deposits |
581 | 444 | ||||
| U.S. Corporate bonds |
— | 7,298 | ||||
| Municipal bonds |
— | 5,902 | ||||
| U.S. Government bonds and notes |
— | 502 | ||||
| $ | 36,799 | $ | 39,976 | |||
Restricted cash
At December 31, 2003 and 2002, we had a balance of $1.5 million in the form of short-term investments that meet the qualification to be considered cash equivalents, which were restricted from withdrawal. This balance serves as a security deposit in a post-contract customer support revenue transaction. At December 31, 2003 and 2002, we also had an interest bearing certificate of deposit classified as short-term investments and restricted cash which serves as collateral for a $0.4 million letter of credit security deposit for a leased facility.
51
CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Fair value of financial instruments
Our financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable and borrowings are carried at cost, which approximates fair value because of the short-term nature of those instruments. The reported amounts of borrowings approximate fair value due to the market value interest rates that these debts bear.
During the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, we did not enter into any foreign currency forward exchange contracts.
During the year ended December 31, 2001, we had entered into foreign currency forward exchange contracts to hedge against exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates of underlying assets and liabilities, primarily certain receivables that were denominated in British pounds. For the year ended December 31, 2001, the gains and losses were insignificant. As of December 31, 2001, we had no outstanding foreign currency forward exchange contracts.
Revenue recognition
We derive revenues from licenses of our software and related services, which include assistance in implementation, customization and integration, post-contract customer support, training and consulting. The amount and timing of our revenue is difficult to predict and any shortfall in revenue or delay in recognizing revenue could cause our operating results to vary significantly from quarter to quarter and could result in operating losses.
At the time of entering into a transaction, we assess whether any services included within the arrangement require us to perform significant implementation or customization essential to the functionality of our products. For contracts involving significant implementation or customization essential to the functionality of our products, we recognize the license and professional consulting services revenues using the percentage-of-completion method using labor hours incurred as the measure of progress towards completion as prescribed by Statement of Position (“SOP”) No. 81-1, “Accounting for Performance of Construction-Type and Certain Product-Type Contracts.” The progress toward completion is measured based on the “go-live” date. We define the “go-live” date as the date the essential product functionality has been delivered or the application enters into a production environment or the point at which no significant additional Chordiant supplied professional services resources are required. Estimates are subject to revisions as the contract progresses to completion. We account for the change in estimate in the period the change was identified. Provisions for estimated contract losses are recognized in the period in which the loss becomes probable and can be reasonably estimated. When we sell additional licenses related to the original licensing agreement, revenue is recognized either upon delivery if the project has reached the go-live date, or if the project has not reached the go-live date, revenue is recognized under the percentage-of-completion method. We classify revenues from these arrangements as license and service revenues based upon the estimated fair value of each element.
On contracts for products not involving significant implementation or customization essential to the product functionality, we recognize license revenues when there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, the fee is fixed or determinable, collection of the fee is probable and delivery has occurred as prescribed by SOP No. 97-2, “Software Revenue Recognition.”
We assess collection based on a number of factors, including past transaction history with the customer and the credit-worthiness of the customer. We generally do not request collateral from our customers. If we determine that collection of a fee is not probable, we defer the fee and recognize revenue at the time collection becomes probable, which is generally upon receipt of cash.
52
CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
For arrangements with multiple elements, we recognize revenue for services and post-contract customer support based upon vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of fair value of the respective elements. VSOE of fair value for the services element is based upon the standard hourly rates we charge for the services when such services are sold separately. VSOE of fair value for annual post-contract customer support is established with the optional substantive stated future renewal rates included in the contracts. When contracts contain multiple elements, and VSOE of fair value exists for all undelivered elements, we account for the delivered elements, principally the license portion, based upon the “residual method” as prescribed by SOP No. 98-9, “Modification of SOP No. 97-2 with Respect to Certain Transactions.”
In situations in which we are obligated to provide unspecified additional software products in the future, we recognize revenue as a subscription ratably over the term of the commitment period.
For all sales we use either a signed license agreement or a binding purchase order as evidence of an arrangement. Sales through our third party systems integrators are evidenced by a master agreement governing the relationship together with binding purchase orders on a transaction-by-transaction basis. Revenues from reseller arrangements are recognized on the “sell-through” method, when the reseller reports to us the sale of our software products to end-users. Our agreements with customers and resellers do not contain product return rights.
We recognize revenue for post-contract customer support ratably over the support period which ranges from one to three years. Our training and consulting services revenues are recognized as such services are performed.
Concentrations of credit risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable. To date, we have invested excess funds in money market accounts, commercial paper, municipal bonds and term notes. We have cash equivalents and investments with various high quality institutions and limit the amount of credit exposure to any one institution. Our accounts receivable are derived from revenues earned from customers located in North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the world. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition and, generally, require no collateral from our customers. We maintain reserves for potential credit losses on customer accounts when deemed necessary.
The following table summarizes the revenues from customers that accounted for 10% or more of total revenues:
| Years Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
| 2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
|||||||
| The Royal Bank of Scotland |
11 | % | * | 10 | % | ||||
| USAA |
* | 17 | % | * | |||||
| Hutchinson 3 G |
* | 13 | % | 10 | % | ||||
| Lloyds TSB |
* | 11 | % | 18 | % | ||||
| EDS |
* | * | 13 | % | |||||
| *Represents | less than 10% of total revenues. |
At December 31, 2003, Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce and Sky Services, Ltd. accounted for approximately 14% and 10% of our accounts receivable, respectively. At December 31, 2002, Barclays accounted for approximately 22% of our accounts receivable.
53
CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivables (net) consist of the following (in thousands):
| Years Ended December 31, |
||||||||
| 2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
| Accounts receivables, net: |
||||||||
| Accounts receivables |
$ | 12,107 | $ | 9,596 | ||||
| Less: allowance for doubtful accounts |
(133 | ) | (181 | ) | ||||
| $ | 11,974 | $ | 9,415 | |||||
Research and Development
Costs incurred in the research and development of new products and enhancements to existing products are charged to expense as incurred until the technological feasibility of the product or enhancement has been established through the development of a working model. After establishing technological feasibility, additional development costs incurred through the date the product is available for general release to customers would be capitalized and amortized over the estimated product life. To date, the period between achieving technological feasibility and general release has been short and software development costs qualifying for capitalization have been insignificant. Accordingly, we have not capitalized any software development costs.
Royalties
We have certain royalty commitments associated with the shipment and licensing of certain products. Royalty expense is generally based on a percentage of the underlying revenue. Royalty expense was approximately $1.4 million, $1.6 million and $2.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. We expect cost of license revenues to remain in the range of four to six percent of license revenues.
Accrued expenses
Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):
| December 31, | ||||||
| 2003 |
2002 | |||||
| Accrued expenses: |
||||||
| Accrued payroll and related expenses |
$ | 6,656 | $ | 8,570 | ||
| Accrued restructuring expenses |
4,265 | 4,557 | ||||
| Other accrued liabilities |
2,117 | 880 | ||||
| $ | 13,038 | $ | 14,007 | |||
Acquired Technology
Acquired technology represents developed technology of acquired businesses. Acquired technology is stated at cost and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the products’ estimated useful lives, which are typically three years. Acquired in-process technology is expensed during the period of acquisition.
54
CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Property and equipment
Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method based upon the estimated useful lives of assets, which range from three to seven years. Amortization of leasehold improvements is calculated using the straight-line method over the shorter of the economic life of the asset or the lease term. Property and equipment acquired in connection with the acquisition of OnDemand, Inc. (“OnDemand”) were recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition. Purchased internal-use software consists primarily of amounts paid for perpetual licenses to third party software applications, which are amortized over their estimated useful life, generally three years. Property and equipment, net consists of the following (in thousands):
| December 31, |
||||||||
| 2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
| Property and equipment, net: |
||||||||
| Computer hardware (useful lives of 3 years) |
$ | 12,259 | $ | 11,312 | ||||
| Purchased internal-use software (useful lives of 3 years) |
2,636 | 2,497 | ||||||
| Furniture and equipment (useful lives of 3 to 7 years) |
1,710 | 1,634 | ||||||
| Leasehold improvements (shorter of 7 years or the term of the lease) |
2,866 | 2,840 | ||||||
| 19,471 | 18,283 | |||||||
| Accumulated depreciation and amortization |
(16,400 | ) | (13,214 | ) | ||||
| $ | 3,071 | $ | 5,069 | |||||
Goodwill
In July 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” which was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2001. SFAS No. 142 requires, among other things, the discontinuance of goodwill amortization. In addition, the standard includes provisions upon adoption for the reclassification of certain existing recognized intangibles as goodwill, reassessment of the useful lives of existing recognized intangibles, reclassification of certain intangibles out of previously reported goodwill and the testing for impairment of existing goodwill and other intangibles. As of January 1, 2002, we adopted SFAS 142 and have ceased to amortize goodwill. As of December 31, 2003, net goodwill remaining on our balance sheet was approximately $24.9 million.
We are required to perform an impairment review of our goodwill balance on at least an annual basis. This impairment review involves a two-step process as follows:
Step 1—We compare the fair value of our reporting units to the carrying value, including goodwill, of each of those units. For each reporting unit where the carrying value, including goodwill, exceeds the unit’s fair value, we proceed on to Step 2. If a unit’s fair value exceeds the carrying value, no further work is performed and no impairment charge is necessary.
Step 2—We perform an allocation of the fair value of the reporting unit to our identifiable tangible and non-goodwill intangible assets and liabilities. This derives an implied fair value for the reporting unit’s goodwill. We then compare the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill is greater than the implied fair value of its goodwill, an impairment charge would be recognized for the excess.
55
CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
We determined that we have one reporting unit. We completed our annual goodwill impairment review during the fourth quarter of 2003 and performed Step 1 of the goodwill impairment analysis required by SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” and concluded that goodwill was not impaired as of December 31, 2003 using the methodology described above. Accordingly, Step 2 was not performed. We will continue to test for impairment on an annual basis and on an interim basis if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of our reporting units below their carrying amount.
Finite-lived intangibles and long-lived assets
Purchased technology and other identifiable intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. The Company amortizes other identifiable intangibles on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The range of estimated useful lives on the Company’s identifiable intangibles is one to three years (refer to Note 5).
We account for finite-lived intangibles and long-lived assets in accordance with SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.” Under this standard, the Company reviews finite-lived intangibles or long-lived assets to be held and used for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. Factors which are considered important that could trigger an impairment include, but are not limited to, the following:
| • | Significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results; |
| • | Significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business; |
| • | Significant negative industry or economic trends; |
| • | Significant decline in our stock price for a sustained period; |
| • | Market capitalization relative to net book value; and |
| • | A current expectation that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life. |
Based upon the existence of one or more of the above indicators of impairment, we measure impairment based on a projected discounted cash flow method using a discount rate determined by our management to be commensurate with the risk inherent in our current business model.
Advertising costs
Advertising costs are charged to sales and marketing expense as incurred. Advertising costs for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 totaled $0.2 million, $1.3 million and $1.7 million, respectively.
Stock-based compensation
We account for stock-based employee compensation arrangements in accordance with provisions of Accounting Principles Board Opinion (“APB”) No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” FASB Interpretation No. 44 (“FIN 44”), “Accounting for Certain Transactions Involving Stock Based Compensation—an Interpretation of APB No. 25,” and related interpretations and comply with the disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation.” Under APB No. 25 and FIN 44, compensation expense is based on the difference, if any, on the date of the grant, between the fair value of our stock and the exercise price of the stock option being granted. Stock-based compensation is amortized in accordance with FIN 28 using the
56
CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
multiple option approach. SFAS No. 123 defines a “fair value” based method of accounting for an employee stock option or similar equity instrument.
We account for equity instruments issued to non-employees in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123 and EITF Issue No. 96-18, “Accounting for Equity Instruments That Are Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling Goods or Services.”
We have adopted the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation—Transition and Disclosure” during the quarter ended March 31, 2003. SFAS No. 148 amends SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” to provide alternative methods of transition for a voluntary change to the fair value based method of accounting for stock-based compensation and also amends the disclosure requirements of SFAS 123 to require prominent disclosures in both annual and interim financial statements about the methods of accounting for stock-based employee compensation and the effect of the method used on reported results. As permitted by SFAS 148 and SFAS 123, we continue to apply the accounting provisions of Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees.” We generally grant stock options at exercise prices equal to the fair market value of the underlying stock on the date of grant and, therefore, under APB Opinion No. 25, no compensation expense is recognized in the statements of operations. Had we recorded compensation expense based on the estimated grant date fair value, as defined by SFAS No. 123, for awards granted under our stock option plans and stock purchase plan, our net loss and loss per share would have been increased to the pro forma amounts below (in thousands, except per share amounts):
| Years Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||
| 2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
||||||||||
| Net loss—as reported |
$ | (16,403 | ) | $ | (32,321 | ) | $ | (42,262 | ) | |||
| Add: Stock-based compensation expense included in reported net loss |
774 | 1,777 | 2,517 | |||||||||
| Less: Stock-based compensation expense determined under fair value method |
(4,001 | ) | (11,810 | ) | (10,718 | ) | ||||||
| Net loss—proforma |
$ | (19,630 | ) | $ | (42,354 | ) | $ | (50,463 | ) | |||
| Basic and diluted net loss per share—as reported |
$ | (0.28 | ) | $ | (0.59 | ) | $ | (0.86 | ) | |||
| Basic and diluted net loss per share—proforma |
$ | (0.33 | ) | $ | (0.77 | ) | $ | (1.02 | ) | |||
Under SFAS No. 123, the minimum value of each option grant is estimated on the grant date using the following weighted average assumptions:
| Years Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
| 2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
|||||||
| Expected lives in years |
|||||||||
| Stock options |
2.6 | 2.7 | 2.4 | ||||||
| Employee stock purchase plan |
0.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | ||||||
| Risk free interest rates |
|||||||||
| Stock options |
1.74 | % | 2.92 | % | 3.90 | % | |||
| Employee stock purchase plan |
1.67 | % | 1.64 | % | 3.90 | % | |||
| Volatility |
|||||||||
| Stock options |
100 | % | 103 | % | 105 | % | |||
| Employee stock purchase plan |
91 | % | 103 | % | 105 | % | |||
| Dividend yield |
0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | |||
57
CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
The weighted average fair value of options granted in fiscal years 2003, 2002 and 2001 was $0.88, $1.51 and $1.80, respectively. The weighted average fair value of share purchase rights under the employee stock purchase plan during fiscal years 2003, 2002 and 2001 was $0.32, $1.11 and $1.35, respectively.
Because the determination of the fair value of all options granted after we became a public entity includes an expected volatility factor in addition to the other factors described in the table above and because additional option grants are expected to be made each year, the above pro forma disclosures are not representative of the pro forma effects of option grants on reported results for future years.
The related functional breakdown of total stock-based compensation is outlined below (in thousands):
| Years Ended December 31, | |||||||||
| 2003 |
2002 |
2001 | |||||||
| Cost of service revenues |
$ | 1,797 | $ | 708 | $ | 698 | |||
| Sales and marketing |
1,680 | 769 | 1,040 | ||||||
| Research and development |
2,139 | 1,301 | 1,076 | ||||||
| General and administrative |
2,779 | 723 | 406 | ||||||
| Total |
$ | 8,395 | $ | 3,501 | $ | 3,220 | |||
Foreign currency translation
The functional currency of our foreign entities is their respective local currency. Foreign currency assets and liabilities are translated at the current exchange rates at each balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at weighted average exchange rates in effect during the year. The related unrealized gains and losses from foreign currency translation are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in other income, net and were not significant during the periods presented.
Income taxes
Income taxes are accounted for using an asset and liability approach, which requires the recognition of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns. The measurement of current and deferred tax liabilities and assets is based on provisions of the enacted tax law; the effects of future changes in tax laws or rates are not anticipated. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by the amount of any tax benefits that, based on available evidence, are not expected to be realized.
Net loss per share
Basic and diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss for the period by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The calculation of diluted net loss per share includes potential common shares unless their effect is anti-dilutive. Potential common shares consist of common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options (using the treasury stock method) and common shares subject to repurchase by us.
58
CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the periods indicated (in thousands, except for per share data):
| Years Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||
| 2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
||||||||||
| Net loss available to common stockholders |
$ | (16,403 | ) | $ | (32,321 | ) | $ | (42,262 | ) | |||
| Weighted average common stock outstanding |
63,451 | 56,342 | 49,266 | |||||||||
| Common stock subject to repurchase |
(4,098 | ) | (1,287 | ) | (14 | ) | ||||||
| Denominator for basic and diluted calculation |
59,353 | 55,055 | 49,252 | |||||||||
| Net loss per share—basic and diluted |
$ | (0.28 | ) | $ | (0.59 | ) | $ | (0.86 | ) | |||
The following table sets forth the potential common shares that are excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share as their effect is anti-dilutive (in thousands):
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||
| 2003 |
2002 |
2001 | ||||
| Warrants outstanding |
1,850 | 1,850 | 1,650 | |||
| Employee stock options |
9,458 | 7,380 | 15,291 | |||
| Restricted stock |
2,555 | 6,499 | 14 | |||
| 13,863 | 15,729 | 16,955 | ||||
Other comprehensive income (loss)
For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, foreign currency translation adjustments included in comprehensive income (loss) were $2.4 million, $1.3 million and $(0.5) million. There were no other items included in other comprehensive income (loss) other than our net loss for each respective year.
NOTE 3—RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS:
Effective January 1, 2003, we adopted SFAS No. 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities.” SFAS No. 146 requires that a liability for costs associated with an exit or disposal activity be recognized and measured initially at fair value only when the liability is incurred. The adoption of this statement did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
In April 2003, the FASB issued SFAS 149, “Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.” SFAS 149 amends and clarifies accounting for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts and for hedging activities under SFAS 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.” SFAS 149 is generally effective for derivative instruments, including derivative instruments embedded in certain contracts entered into or modified after June 30, 2003 and for hedging relationships designated after June 30, 2003. The adoption of SFAS No. 149 did not have a significant impact upon our financial position or results of operations.
In May 2003, the FASB issued SFAS No. 150, “Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity.” SFAS No. 150 changes the accounting for certain financial instruments that under previous guidance issuers could account for as equity. It requires that those instruments be classified as liabilities in balance sheets. The guidance in SFAS No. 150 is generally effective for all financial
59
CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
instruments entered into or modified after May 31, 2003, and otherwise is effective on July 1, 2003. The adoption of SFAS No. 150 did not have a significant impact upon our financial position or results of operations.
In January 2003, the FASB issued FIN 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities.” FIN 46 requires us to consolidate a variable interest entity if we are subject to a majority of the risk of loss from the variable interest entity’s activities or entitled to receive a majority of the entity’s residual returns or both. FIN 46 is effective immediately for all new variable interest entities created or acquired after January 31, 2003. For variable interest entities created or acquired prior to February 1, 2003, the provisions of FIN 46 must be applied for the first interim or annual period beginning after June 15, 2003. We do not currently have any variable interest entities and, accordingly, the adoption of FIN 46 did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
In November 2002, the EITF reached a consensus on Issue No. 00-21, “Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables.” EITF 00-21 provides guidance on how to account for arrangements that involve the delivery or performance of multiple products, services and/or rights to use assets. The provisions of EITF Issue No. 00-21 will apply to revenue arrangements entered into in fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2003. The adoption of EITF 00-21 did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
NOTE 4—ACQUISITIONS:
During 2002 and 2001, we completed the following acquisitions that were accounted for using the purchase method of accounting:
| • | On April 1, 2002, we acquired OnDemand a provider of relationship management software located in Palo Alto, California. |
| • | On May 29, 2001, we acquired certain intellectual property assets and technology of the AoNet J2EE Workflow Server from ASP Outfitter, Inc. |
| • | On May 17, 2001, we acquired certain assets associated with the Dialog Server product suite from ActionPoint, Inc., as a result of which certain members of the Dialog Server development, support, sales and marketing team from ActionPoint became our employees. |
| • | On March 27, 2001, we acquired Prime Response, Inc., an integrated marketing software solutions company headquartered in Boston, MA. |
60
CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
The results of each of these acquisitions have been included in our operating results from the date of acquisition. The table below summarizes the total purchase price for each of the acquisitions which occurred during fiscal 2002 and 2001 (in thousands):
| On Demand |
ASP Outfitter (AoNet Assets) |
Action Point (Dialog Server Assets) |
Prime Response | |||||||||
| Acquisition date |
April 1, 2002 | May 29, 2001 | May 17, 2001 | March 27, 2001 | ||||||||
| Shares issued |
— | 165 | 1,734 | 11,919 | ||||||||
| Options issued |
— | — | 1,367 | |||||||||
| Warrants issued |
— | — | — | 1,050 | ||||||||
| Purchase price: |
||||||||||||
| Value of shares issued |
$ | — | $ | 530 | $ | 5,304 | $ | 33,745 | ||||
| Value of warrants issued |
— | — | — | 2,819 | ||||||||
| Value of options issued |
— | — | — | 3,241 | ||||||||
| Cash |
11,511 | 500 | 1,954 | — | ||||||||
| Direct acquisition costs |
207 | 32 | 134 | 6,502 | ||||||||
| Total purchase price |
$ | 11,718 | $ | 1,062 | $ | 7,392 | $ | 46,307 | ||||
The value of the shares issued was determined based on our market price two days before and two days after the date the terms of the acquisition were agreed upon and announced.
The value of the options included in the purchase price was determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. To the extent that services were required subsequent to the date of the acquisition to vest in the replacement unvested options, the intrinsic value of the unvested options was deducted from the fair value of the options issued and allocated to unearned compensation. The amount allocated to unearned compensation will be recognized as compensation expense over the remaining future vesting period.
The total purchase price for each acquisition has been allocated as follows (in thousands):
| Acquired Company or Assets (as applicable) |
On Demand |
ASP Outfitter (AoNet Assets) |
Action Point (Dialog Server Assets) |
Prime Response | ||||||||
| Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed (net) |
$ | 5,074 | $ | 10 | $ | 95 | $ | 19,830 | ||||
| In-process research and development |
997 | 814 | 392 | 1,486 | ||||||||
| Developed technology |
155 | — | 3,021 | 4,515 | ||||||||
| Core technology |
1,118 | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Workforce in place |
— | 105 | 675 | 2,740 | ||||||||
| Customer list |
190 | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Tradenames |
— | — | — | 982 | ||||||||
| Goodwill |
4,184 | 133 | 3,209 | 16,754 | ||||||||
| Total purchase price |
$ | 11,718 | $ | 1,062 | $ | 7,392 | $ | 46,307 | ||||
Tangible assets acquired principally include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, fixed assets and other assets. Liabilities assumed principally include borrowings, accounts payable and accrued expenses.
61
CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
The value of the purchased in-process research and development was determined by estimating the projected net cash flows related to the product under development, determined based upon our estimates of costs to complete the development of the technology and the future revenue to be earned upon commercialization of the products. The estimated stage of completion (expressed as a percentage of completion) was calculated and then applied to the net cash flow for the product. Discount rates of 30%, 40%, 25% and 35% were applied to the projected cash flows of the in-process research and development to determine their net present value for the OnDemand, ASP Outfitter (AoNet), ActionPoint (Dialog Server) and Prime Response products under development, respectively. OnDemand’s in-process research and development efforts consisted of one project for which the estimated state of completion was approximately 25%. In-process research and development efforts associated with the acquisition from ASP Outfitter consisted of one project for which the estimated state of completion was approximately 50%. In-process research and development efforts associated with the Dialog Server assets acquired from ActionPoint consisted of one project for which the estimated state of completion was approximately 75%. Prime Response’s in-process research and development efforts consisted of three projects for which the estimated states of completion were approximately 47%, 21% and 79%. The in-process research and development efforts from all of the above 2002 and 2001 acquisitions were completed as of December 31, 2003 and no significant developments occurred that resulted in material changes to the original assumptions used to record the acquisitions.
The value attributed to in-process research and development was charged to expense in the period the acquisitions were consummated. The write-offs were necessary because the acquired in-process technologies had not yet reached technological feasibility, and in our opinion, have no future alternative uses. The product under development may not achieve commercial viability. The nature of the efforts required to develop the purchased in-process research and development into a commercially viable product principally relate to the completion of all planning, designing, prototyping, verification and testing activities that are necessary to establish that the product can be produced to meet its designed specifications, including functions, features and technical performance requirements.
The value allocated to the assembled workforce was determined by estimating the cost involved in assembling a new workforce including costs of salaries, benefits, training and recruiting. Workforce in place is amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated period of benefit, which is between two and three years. On January 1, 2002, we reclassified the value allocated to workforce in place along with its related accumulated amortization to existing goodwill in accordance with SFAS 142 (See Note 5).
The excess of purchase price over tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed was recorded as goodwill and was being amortized over a three year period on a straight-line basis. Beginning on January 1, 2002, our unamortized balance of goodwill was no longer amortized, but will continue to be subject to a periodic impairment assessment in accordance with SFAS 142 (See Note 5).
The following unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information reflects the results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, as if the acquisitions of OnDemand, Prime Response, assets associated with Dialog Server from ActionPoint and assets associated with AoNet from ASP Outfitter had occurred at the beginning of each period presented, after giving effect to purchase accounting adjustments. These pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purposes only, do not purport to be indicative of what operating results would have been had the acquisitions actually taken place at the beginning of each period, and may not be indicative of future operating results (in thousands, except per share data):
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CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
| Years Ended December 31, |
||||||||
| 2002 |
2001 |
|||||||
| Revenues |
$ | 74,315 | $ | 82,036 | ||||
| Net loss |
$ | (34,861 | ) | $ | (73,706 | ) | ||
| Net loss per share—Basic and diluted |
$ | (0.63 | ) | $ | (1.40 | ) | ||
| Weighted average shares—basic & diluted |
55,055 | 52,710 | ||||||
NOTE 5—GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS:
On January 1, 2002, we adopted SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” SFAS No. 142 requires goodwill to be tested for impairment under certain circumstances and written down when impaired. It also requires purchased intangible assets other than goodwill to be amortized over their useful lives unless these lives are determined to be indefinite. We ceased amortizing goodwill totaling approximately $20.7 million as of the beginning of fiscal 2002, including $2.7 million of acquired workforce intangibles previously classified as purchased intangible assets. Our purchase of OnDemand increased our goodwill by $4.2 million to $24.9 million at December 31, 2002.
The following table presents the impact of SFAS No. 142 on net loss and net loss per share had the standard been in effect for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively (in thousands, except for per share data):
| Years ended December 31, |
||||||||||||
| 2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
||||||||||
| Net loss as reported |
$ | (16,403 | ) | $ | (32,321 | ) | $ | (42,262 | ) | |||
| Adjustments: |
||||||||||||
| Amortization of goodwill |
— | — | 6,635 | |||||||||
| Amortization of acquired workforce intangibles previously classified as purchase intangible assets |
— | — | 989 | |||||||||
| Net adjustments |
— | — | 7,624 | |||||||||
| Net loss as adjusted |
$ | (16,403 | ) | $ | (32,321 | ) | $ | (34,638 | ) | |||
| Basic and diluted net loss per share as reported |
$ | (0.28 | ) | $ | (0.59 | ) | $ | (0.86 | ) | |||
| Basic and diluted net loss per share as adjusted |
$ | (0.28 | ) | $ | (0.59 | ) | $ | (0.70 | ) | |||
There were no changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2003. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2002 are as follows (in thousands):
| Goodwill, net | |||
| Balance as of December 31, 2001 |
$ | 17,922 | |
| Adjustments (1) |
2,768 | ||
| OnDemand acquisition |
4,184 | ||
| Balance as of December 31, 2002 |
$ | 24,874 | |
| (1) | Adjustments primarily include the reclassification of certain intangibles to goodwill in connection with the adoption of SFAS No. 142. |
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CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
The components of intangible assets, excluding goodwill, are as follows (in thousands):
| December 31, 2003 |
December 31, 2002 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Carrying Amount |
Accumulated Amortization |
Net Carrying Amount |
Gross Carrying Amount |
Accumulated Amortization |
Net Carrying Amount | |||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Developed technologies |
$ | 2,374 | $ | (1,843 | ) | $ | 531 | $ | 2,374 | $ | (1,059 | ) | $ | 1,315 | ||||||
| Purchased technologies |
7,162 | (6,436 | ) | 726 | 7,162 | (4,050 | ) | 3,112 | ||||||||||||
| Customer list |
190 | (111 | ) | 79 | 190 | (48 | ) | 142 | ||||||||||||
| Tradenames |
982 | (904 | ) | 78 | 982 | (576 | ) | 406 | ||||||||||||
| $ | 10,708 | $ | (9,294 | ) | $ | 1,414 | $ | 10,708 | $ | (5,733 | ) | $ | 4,975 | |||||||
All of our acquired intangible assets, excluding goodwill, are subject to amortization and are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed over the estimated useful lives which are as follows: Developed technologies—one and one half to three years; purchased technologies—three years; tradenames—three years; customer list—three years. Aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets totaled $3.6 million, $3.7 million and $3.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. We expect amortization expense on purchased intangible assets to be $1.3 million in fiscal 2004 and $0.1 million in fiscal 2005, at which time existing purchased intangible assets will be fully amortized.
NOTE 6—ACQUIRED TECHNOLOGY AND DISPOSITION OF MARKETING SERVICE PROVIDER BUSINESS:
In December 2001, we acquired from EDS certain XML interface technology for $0.7 million.
In October 2001, we acquired certain intellectual property assets and technology of the iApply technology from Pyxis, Inc. At the time of the acquisition, the technology consisted of one project that had not reached technological feasibility and had no alternative use. As a result, the total consideration of $0.3 million was expensed as in-process research and development.
On September 24, 2001, we sold our Marketing Service Provider Business (the “Business”) for cash proceeds of $1.6 million to HNC Software International, Inc. The Business was acquired from Prime Response. The results of operations of the Business of $150,000 from the date of acquisition of Prime Response to the date of the sale of the Business are included in our results of operations. No gain or loss was recorded on the sale of the Business.
NOTE 7—RESTRUCTURING:
Restructuring Costs. During fiscal years 2003 and 2002, based upon our continued evaluation of economic conditions in the information technology industry and our expectations regarding revenue levels, we restructured several areas of the Company to reduce expenses and improve our revenue per employee. This restructuring program included a worldwide workforce reduction and consolidation of excess facilities and certain business functions. We believe that these reductions and realignments have resulted and will continue to result in a more responsive management structure.
We aligned our research and development spending with anticipated revenues in 2002 and 2003 after consolidating five acquisitions and integrating the various technologies into Chordiant solutions. We anticipate
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CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
that we will continue to devote adequate resources to develop new products and new versions of Chordiant solutions.
We also aligned our sales and marketing resources and expense levels with anticipated revenues as we entered fiscal year 2003. We made decisions to abandon certain vertical markets and focus our sales and marketing resources with our business alliance partners in particular vertical markets such as retail banking, insurance, consumer financial services, telecommunications and consumer direct industries.
The restructuring and cost control initiatives that occurred in fiscal year 2002 reduced our expense levels by $4.3 million per quarter. The restructuring and cost control initiatives that occurred in fiscal year 2003 reduced our expense levels an additional $1.3 million per quarter, resulting in a cost structure that we feel is better aligned with anticipated revenues. The majority of the $1.3 million in quarterly expense savings from the 2003 restructuring were derived from our workforce reduction.
As part of the fiscal year 2003 restructuring, we entered into an agreement with an independent contracting company with global technical resources and an operations center in Bangalore, India. The agreement provides for the independent contractor, at our direction, to attract, train, assimilate and retain sufficient highly qualified personnel to perform technical support and certain sustaining engineering functions. In fiscal year 2004, we plan to significantly increase the size of this organization and expand its scope as employee reductions occur throughout the year. Severance costs associated with the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2003 employee reductions were accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 112, “Employers’ Accounting for Post-Employment Benefits.” Other one-time benefit arrangements are accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities.”
Workforce reduction
The restructuring program resulted in the reduction of 74 regular employees and 108 regular employees during the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively. All areas of the Company were affected by this restructuring. We recorded a total workforce reduction expense relating to severance and benefits of approximately $2.0 million and $3.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Consolidation of excess facilities
We accrued for lease costs of $0.2 million and $2.8 million during the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively, pertaining to the estimated future obligations for non-cancelable lease payments for the consolidation of excess facilities relating to lease terminations and non-cancelable lease costs. This expense included estimated sub-lease income based on current comparable rates for leases in the respective markets. If facilities rental rates continue to decrease in these markets or if it takes longer than expected to sublease these facilities, the maximum amount by which the actual loss could exceed the original estimate is approximately $1.4 million.
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CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
A summary of the restructuring expense and other special charges is outlined as follows (in thousands):
| Facilities |
Severance and Benefits |
Total |
||||||||||
| Reserve balance at December 31, 2001: |
$ | 307 | $ | — | $ | 307 | ||||||
| Total charge |
2,764 | 3,794 | 6,558 | |||||||||
| Provision adjustment (1) |
81 | — | 81 | |||||||||
| Non-cash |
666 | — | 666 | |||||||||
| Cash paid |
(452 | ) | (2,603 | ) | (3,055 | ) | ||||||
| Reserve balance at December 31, 2002: |
3,366 | 1,191 | 4,557 | |||||||||
| Total charge |
202 | 2,041 | 2,243 | |||||||||
| Provision adjustment (1) |
(54 | ) | — | (54 | ) | |||||||
| Non-cash |
15 | (108 | ) | (93 | ) | |||||||
| Cash paid |
(430 | ) | (1,958 | ) | (2,388 | ) | ||||||
| Reserve balance at December 31, 2003: |
$ | 3,099 | $ | 1,166 | $ | 4,265 | ||||||
| (1) | Provision adjustments relate to a change in estimates. |
Amounts related to the net lease expenses due to the consolidation of facilities will be paid over the lease terms through fiscal year 2011. As of December 31, 2003, $4.3 million related to the restructuring reserve remains outstanding and is included in the accrued expenses line item on the balance sheet. The remaining accrual primarily relates to the termination and/or sublease of our excess facilities and to severance and other benefits for impacted employees which we expect to pay out by December 31, 2004.
NOTE 8—RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS:
During the first quarter of 2002, two of our executives exercised 285,000 stock options in exchange for notes receivable (the “Notes”) of $496,000. The Notes were full-recourse collateralized by the underlying stock. The Notes were due in February and March 2003 and accrued interest between 6.0% and 6.5% per annum, which was deemed market rates for the individuals. Both notes were paid in full during the quarter ended March 31, 2003.
During 2000, we issued to one of our executives 200,000 shares of common stock subject to a right of repurchase in exchange for a note receivable (the “Note”) of $800,000. The Note was collateralized by the underlying stock and bore interest at a rate of 5.88%. In 2001, we repurchased a total of 117,000 unvested shares at the original exercise price, cancelled the repurchased shares and forgave the remaining balance of the Note. A compensation expense of $540,000 was recorded as of December 31, 2001.
In 1999, two former executives exercised 288,000 stock options covering an aggregate of 288,000 shares of our common stock in exchange for notes receivables in the amount of $400,000 and $51,000. The notes were full-recourse collateralized by the underlying stock. The notes were assessed by us to be fully collectible, based on our understanding of the financial standing of the individuals. We perform periodic reviews of the recoverability of our outstanding notes receivables. In the fourth quarter of 2002, we determined that collection of these two notes was no longer probable although we would still actively pursue collection of both notes. As a result, we recorded an impairment charge of $451,000 as stock compensation expense. In December 2003, we were successful in obtaining a payment of $448,000 from one former executive for his outstanding note receivable plus interest. The principal portion was $400,000 of the total payment and was recorded as a credit to compensation expense.
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CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
NOTE 9—BORROWINGS:
Notes payable
Borrowings consisted of several notes payable for equipment leases assumed by Chordiant upon the acquisition of OnDemand. Interest rates ranged from 12.86% to 15.61%. We paid off all outstanding note payable balances in December 2003.
Revolving line of credit
Our two-year line of credit with Comerica Bank, effective from March 28, 2003, is comprised of an accounts receivable line and an equipment line. The terms of the line of credit require us to maintain a minimum quick ratio of 2.00 to 1.00, a tangible net worth of at least $15.0 million plus 60% of the proceeds of any equity offerings and subordinated debt issuances subsequent to the effective date of the line of credit agreement, and certain other covenants.
Under the terms and conditions of the accounts receivable line, the total amount of the line of credit is $5.0 million. Borrowings under the accounts receivable line of credit will bear interest at the lending bank’s prime rate plus 0.5%. Advances are available on a non-formula basis up to $2.0 million (non-formula portion); however, if advances exceed $2.0 million, then subsequent advances cannot exceed 80% of eligible accounts receivable balances, and the bank would hold a security interest in those accounts receivable.
Borrowings under the new $2.5 million equipment line bear interest at the lending bank’s prime rate plus 1.0%, and the bank would hold a security interest in the equipment. In March 2003, we borrowed $2.5 million against the equipment line of credit. We paid off the outstanding line of credit balance in December 2003. As of December 31, 2003, we were in compliance with the respective debt covenants.
We have no material commitments for capital expenditures or strategic commitments and we anticipate a low rate of capital expenditures. We may use cash to acquire or license technology, products or businesses related to our current business. In addition, we anticipate that we will experience low growth in our operating expenses for the foreseeable future and that our operating expenses will be a material use of our cash resources.
NOTE 10—COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES:
We lease our facilities and some equipment under noncancellable operating leases that expire on various dates through 2011. Rent expense is recognized ratably over the lease term. Future minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2003 are as follows (in thousands):
| Fiscal Year |
Operating Leases |
Sublease Income |
Total | |||||||
| 2004 |
$ | 3,170 | $ | (438 | ) | $ | 2,732 | |||
| 2005 |
3,164 | (143 | ) | 3,021 | ||||||
| 2006 |
3,388 | — | 3,388 | |||||||
| 2007 |
3,412 | — | 3,412 | |||||||
| 2008 |
2,893 | — | 2,893 | |||||||
| Thereafter |
3,065 | — | 3,065 | |||||||
| Total |
$ | 19,092 | $ | (581 | ) | $ | 18,511 | |||
Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 totaled $2.8 million, $2.9 million and $3.4 million, respectively.
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CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
We entered into a two-year agreement, beginning March 19, 2002, with Business Agility (formerly Merit International), pursuant to which Business Agility provides exclusive training and certain non-exclusive consulting services for a fixed fee. Upon the effective date of the agreement, we transferred to Business Agility our training operations including selected employees. In addition, Business Agility provides to our customers resource development services in exchange for an agreed-upon fee negotiated on a transaction-by-transaction basis. We believe this agreement provides us with high quality training and consulting services. As part of the original agreement, we were required to pay Business Agility certain minimum revenue amounts and were subject to an early termination fee. In September 2003, we amended the agreement to extend its effective date through March 2006, and we are no longer required to make minimum revenue payments to Business Agility or pay an early termination fee. As part of the amendment, Business Agility has agreed to share a portion of Business Agility-Chordiant monthly consulting revenues with us as follows: 0% revenue share of Business Agility-Chordiant monthly consulting revenues of (British Pounds) 0 to 157,000; 10% revenue share of Business Agility-Chordiant monthly consulting revenues exceeding (British Pounds) 157,001 and up to 300,000; and 15% revenue share of Business Agility-Chordiant monthly consulting revenues exceeding (British Pounds) 300,001.
Indemnification
As permitted under Delaware law, we have agreements whereby we indemnify our officers, directors and certain employees for certain events or occurrences while the employee, officer or director is, or was serving, at our request in such capacity. The term of the indemnification period is for the officer’s or director’s lifetime. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited; however, we have a Director and Officer insurance policy that limits our exposure and may enable us to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. As a result of our insurance policy coverage, we believe the estimated fair value of these indemnification agreements is minimal. Accordingly, we have no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of December 31, 2003.
We enter into standard indemnification agreements in our ordinary course of business. Pursuant to these agreements, we indemnify, defend, hold harmless, and agree to reimburse the indemnified party for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party, generally our business partners or customers, in connection with any patent, copyright or other intellectual property infringement claim by any third party with respect to our products. The term of these indemnification agreements is generally perpetual after execution of the agreement. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited. We have never incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements. As a result, we believe the estimated fair value of these agreements is minimal. Accordingly, we have no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of December 31, 2003.
We enter into arrangements with our business partners, whereby the business partner agrees to provide services as a subcontractor for our implementations. We may, at our discretion and in the ordinary course of business, subcontract the performance of any of our services. Accordingly, we enter into standard indemnification agreements with our customers, whereby we indemnify them for other acts, such as personal property damage, of our subcontractors. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited; however, we have general and umbrella insurance policies that may enable us to recover a portion of any amounts paid. We have not incurred significant costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements. As a result, we believe the estimated fair value of these agreements is minimal. Accordingly, we have no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of December 31, 2003.
When as part of an acquisition we acquire all of the stock or all of the assets and liabilities of a company, we may assume the liability for certain events or occurrences that took place prior to the date of acquisition. The
68
CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make for such obligations is undeterminable at this time. All of these obligations were grandfathered under the provisions of FIN 45 as they were in effect prior to March 31, 2003. Accordingly, we have no liabilities recorded for these liabilities as of December 31, 2003.
We warrant that our software products will perform in all material respects in accordance with our standard published specifications and documentation in effect at the time of delivery of the licensed products to the customer for a specified period of time. Additionally, we warrant that our maintenance and consulting services will be performed consistent with generally accepted industry standards. If necessary, we would provide for the estimated cost of product and service warranties based on specific warranty claims and claim history, however, we have not incurred significant expense under our product or services warranties to date. As a result, we believe the estimated fair value on these warranties is minimal. Accordingly, we have no liabilities recorded for these warranties as of December 31, 2003.
NOTE 11—LITIGATION:
Beginning in July 2001, we and certain of our officers and directors were named as defendants in a series of class action shareholder complaints filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, now consolidated under the caption, In re Chordiant Software, Inc. Initial Public Offering Securities Litigation, Case No. 01-CV-6222. In the amended complaint, the plaintiffs allege that Chordiant, certain of our officers and directors and the underwriters of our initial public offering (“IPO”) violated Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933 based on allegations that Chordiant’s registration statement and prospectus failed to disclose material facts regarding the compensation to be received by, and the stock allocation practices of, the IPO underwriters. The complaint also contains a claim for violation of Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 based on allegations that this omission constituted a deceit on investors. The plaintiffs seek unspecified monetary damages and other relief. Similar complaints were filed in the same court against hundreds of other public companies (“Issuers”) that conducted IPOs of their common stock in the late 1990s (collectively, the “IPO Lawsuits”).
In October 2002, the parties agreed to toll the statute of limitations with respect to Chordiant’s officers and directors until September 30, 2003, and on the basis of this agreement, our officers and directors were dismissed from the IPO Lawsuits without prejudice. In February 2003, the court issued a decision denying the motion to dismiss the Section 11 claims against Chordiant and almost all of the other Issuers and denying the motion to dismiss the Section 10(b) claims against Chordiant and many of the Issuers. In June 2003, Issuers and plaintiffs reached a tentative settlement agreement that would, among other things, result in the dismissal with prejudice of all claims against the Issuers and their officers and directors in the IPO Lawsuits, and the assignment to plaintiffs of certain potential claims that the Issuers may have against the underwriters. The tentative settlement also provides that, in the event that plaintiffs ultimately recover less than a guaranteed sum of $1 billion from the IPO underwriters, plaintiffs would be entitled to payment by each participating Issuer’s insurer of a pro rata share of any shortfall in the plaintiffs’ guaranteed recovery. Although Chordiant has approved this settlement proposal in principle, it remains subject to a number of procedural conditions, as well as formal approval by the Court. In September 2003, in connection with the possible settlement, those officers and directors who had entered tolling agreements with plaintiffs (described above) agreed to extend those agreements so that they would not expire prior to any settlement being finalized.
We are also subject to various other claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. The ultimate disposition of these various other claims and legal actions is not expected to have a material effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
69
CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
NOTE 12—INCOME TAXES:
The components of net loss before taxes are as follows (in thousands):
| December 31, |
||||||||||||
| 2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
||||||||||
| United States |
$ | (13,725 | ) | $ | (26,668 | ) | $ | (40,231 | ) | |||
| Foreign |
(2,128 | ) | (5,503 | ) | (1,831 | ) | ||||||
| $ | (15,853 | ) | $ | (32,171 | ) | $ | (42,062 | ) | ||||
Our provision for income taxes was $550,000, $150,000 and $200,000 for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The increase in the provision for fiscal year 2003 when compared to fiscal year 2002 is due to an increase in earnings from our foreign subsidiaries. The decrease in the provision for fiscal year 2002 when compared to fiscal year 2001 was due to the reduction of earnings in our foreign subsidiaries.
Deferred tax assets consist of the following (in thousands):
| December 31, |
||||||||
| 2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
| Net operating loss carryforwards |
$ | 49,544 | $ | 47,731 | ||||
| Accrued expenses and provisions |
2,444 | 2,392 | ||||||
| Tax credit carryforwards |
6,910 | 5,434 | ||||||
| Deferred revenue |
895 | 2,099 | ||||||
| Depreciation and amortization |
8,036 | 7,465 | ||||||
| Gross deferred tax assets |
67,829 | 65,121 | ||||||
| Deferred tax valuation allowance |
(67,829 | ) | (65,121 | ) | ||||
| Net deferred tax assets |
$ | — | $ | — | ||||
The valuation allowance increased by $2.7 million, $7.2 million and $27.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively.
We provide a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets will not be realized. Based on a number of factors, including the lack of a history of profits, future projected taxable income and the fact that the market in which we compete is intensely competitive and characterized by rapidly changing technology, we believe that there is sufficient uncertainty regarding the realization of deferred tax assets such that a full valuation allowance has been provided. At December 31, 2003, we had approximately $142.3 million and $20.1 million of net operating loss carryforwards for federal and state purposes, respectively. These carryforwards are available to offset future taxable income and expire beginning in 2010 and 2004, respectively. At December 31, 2003, there are approximately $3.2 million of federal credits that begin to expire in 2010. The California state credits of approximately $3.6 million do not expire.
Under the Tax Reform Act of 1986, the amounts of and the benefit from net operating losses that can be carried forward may be impaired or limited in certain circumstances. Events that may cause limitations in the utilization of net operating losses include a cumulative stock ownership change of more than 50% over a three-year period and other events. We have not yet determined whether or not operating loss benefits are impaired or limited.
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CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
The provision for income taxes differs from the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax as follows (in thousands):
| Years Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||
| 2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
||||||||||
| Book loss |
$ | (15,853 | ) | $ | (32,171 | ) | $ | (42,062 | ) | |||
| Federal |
(4,804 | ) | (10,938 | ) | (14,301 | ) | ||||||
| State |
(911 | ) | (1,930 | ) | (2,524 | ) | ||||||
| Goodwill |
— | — | 2,256 | |||||||||
| Stock-based compensation |
2,938 | 1,192 | 1,095 | |||||||||
| R&D |
— | (1,403 | ) | (1,311 | ) | |||||||
| IPR&D |
— | 339 | 1,029 | |||||||||
| Other |
142 | 120 | 719 | |||||||||
| Foreign tax |
211 | 150 | 200 | |||||||||
| Valuation allowance |
2,974 | 12,620 | 13,037 | |||||||||
| Provision for income taxes |
$ | 550 | $ | 150 | $ | 200 | ||||||
NOTE 13—COMMON STOCK:
There were no repurchases of our common stock during fiscal years 2003 and 2002. During fiscal year 2001, we repurchased 117,000 shares of common stock through the cancellation of a note receivable in the amount of $332,000. We then cancelled all of the repurchased shares.
During 2002, we sold 479,100 shares of our common stock to Canadian Imperial Holdings, Inc. for an aggregate purchase price of $3.0 million for which the principal purpose of the offering is for working capital and other general corporate purposes.
NOTE 14—STOCK OPTION EXCHANGE:
On August 23, 2002, we implemented a stock option exchange program (the “Program”). Under the Program, holders of outstanding options with an exercise price of $3.00 or greater per share (the “Eligible Options”) were given the choice of retaining these options or canceling the options in exchange for (i) restricted shares of common stock (“Restricted Stock”) to be issued as soon as possible after the expiration of the Program period and/or (ii) replacement options issuable six (6) months and one (1) day following the cancellation of the Program (“Replacement Options”) at the closing market price on that date. The Program, as amended, also provided our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, if they participated in the Program, with a Separate Restricted Stock Agreement (the “CEO and CFO Agreement”), which includes specific vesting provisions based on achieving certain financial performance goals. There were 11,668,875 options subject to the Program, which closed on October 9, 2002.
Employees tendered 8,109,640 stock options and received 2,780,967 shares of Restricted Stock pursuant to the Program. In addition, employees tendered 672,948 stock options, which were cancelled and to the extent an employee was still with the Company were replaced six (6) months and one (1) day following the expiration of the Program. The tendered stock options represented approximately 59% of our total outstanding stock options as of the expiration date of the Program. In addition, in October 2002, we issued 3,706,745 shares of Restricted Stock to our employees residing in the United Kingdom, including to our Chief Executive Officer. The Restricted Stock issued to our Chief Executive Officer is subject to the CEO and CFO Agreement. In November 2003, our
71
CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
then acting Chief Financial Officer left our employ and, as a result, the Company is no longer subject to stock-based compensation expense related to the vesting of his restricted stock. In connection with the termination, we accelerated the vesting of 154,723 shares of restricted stock resulting in a compensation expense of $0.6 million.
The Program has been accounted for under the guidance of Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 00-23, “Issues Related to the Accounting for Stock Compensation under APB Opinion No. 25,” and Interpretation No. 44, “Accounting for Certain Transactions Involving Stock Compensation—an Interpretation of APB Opinion No. 25.” Because we offered to cancel existing fixed stock options in exchange for a grant of restricted stock within six months of the cancellation date of the existing options, the Eligible Options became subject to variable accounting treatment at the commencement date of the Program. Variable accounting ceased upon cancellation of the tendered options. A total of 2,886,287 Eligible Options that were not tendered will remain subject to variable accounting. For the year ended December 31, 2003, $7.6 million was recorded as stock-based compensation expense. The remaining unearned stock-based compensation expense amounted to approximately $1.5 million at December 31, 2003. The compensation expense on variable options will be re-measured at the end of each operating period until the options are exercised, forfeited or have expired. Depending upon movements in the market value of our common stock, this accounting treatment may result in significant additional stock-based compensation charges in future periods.
As part of the Program implemented in 2002, we issued 499,068 replacement options at the current market value of $0.88 per share on April 11, 2003 to employees.
On May 4, 2001, we announced a voluntary stock option exchange program for our employees. Under the program, employees were given the opportunity to elect to cancel outstanding stock options held by them in exchange for an equal number of new options to be granted six months and a day after the exchange took place at the then current fair market value. These elections needed to be made by June 6, 2001 and were required to include all options granted during the prior six-month period. A total of 61 employees elected to participate in the exchange program. Those 61 employees tendered approximately 801,000 options to purchase our common stock in return for our promise to grant new options on the grant date of December 10, 2001. Approximately 801,000 options were granted at the fair market value of $6.45 per share on December 10, 2001 to those employees who had been continuously employed by us from the date they tendered their original options through December 10, 2001. The exchange program was also available to our executive officers and directors.
NOTE 15—STOCK OPTION PLANS:
1999 Equity Incentive Plan
Our 1999 Equity Incentive Plan (the “1999 Plan”) provides for the grant to employees of incentive stock options within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and for grants to employees, directors and consultants of nonstatutory stock options and stock purchase rights. Unless terminated sooner, the 1999 Plan will terminate automatically in 2009. A total of 20,000,000 shares of Common Stock have been reserved for issuance under the 1999 Plan. The number of shares reserved under the plan automatically increases on October 1st of each year by the greater of (1) 5% of outstanding shares on that date or (2) the number of shares of common stock subject to stock awards made under the 1999 Plan during the prior twelve month period. However, the automatic increase is subject to reduction by the Board of Directors, and the automatic increase ceases when 20,000,000 shares are reserved for issuance pursuant to the 1999 Plan. As of December 31, 2003, there were 20,000,000 shares reserved for issuance pursuant to the 1999 Plan. The 1999 Plan is administered by the Board of Directors, or a committee of the Board of Directors to which it has delegated this power, and provides generally that the option price shall not be less than the fair market value of the shares on the date of
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CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
grant and that no portion may be exercised beyond ten years from that date. Under the 1999 Plan, stock options vest over a period that is limited to five years, but are typically granted with a four-year vesting period. Each option outstanding under the 1999 Plan may be exercised in whole or in part at any time. Exercised but unvested shares are subject to repurchase by us at the initial exercise price. At December 31, 2003 and 2002, 6,000 and 11,000 shares were subject to repurchase, respectively.
1999 Non-Employee Director Option Plan
In November 1999, the 1999 Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan was adopted by the Board of Directors and became effective on the date of the initial public offering. The Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan provides for the automatic grant of a nonstatutory option to purchase 25,000 shares of Common Stock to each new non-employee director who becomes a director after the date of our initial public offering on the date that such person becomes a director. Each current and future non-employee director will automatically be granted an additional nonstatutory option to purchase 7,500 shares on the day after each of our annual meetings of the stockholders. Each director who is a member of a board committee will automatically be granted an additional nonstatutory option to purchase 5,000 shares on the day after each of our annual meetings of the stockholders. A total of 1,168,000 shares of Common Stock have been reserved for issuance under the director plan. The amount reserved under the 1999 Non-Employee Stock Option Plan automatically increases on October 1st of each year by the greater of (1) 0.5% outstanding shares on such date or (2) the number of shares subject to stock awards made under the director plan during the prior twelve month period. However, the automatic increase is subject to reduction by the Board of Directors.
The following table summarizes option activity under our stock option plans (in thousands, except per share data):
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2003 |
2002 |
2001 | ||||||||||||||||
| Shares |
Weighted average exercise price |
Shares |
Weighted average exercise price |
Shares |
Weighted average exercise price | |||||||||||||
| Outstanding at beginning of period |
7,380 | $ | 2.58 | 15,267 | $ | 4.10 | 8,727 | $ | 5.00 | |||||||||
| Granted |
4,517 | 1.47 | 4,825 | 2.59 | 10,479 | 4.37 | ||||||||||||
| Cancelled |
(1,658 | ) | 3.13 | (11,727 | ) | 4.56 | (3,201 | ) | 8.25 | |||||||||
| Exercised |
(781 | ) | 1.65 | (985 | ) | 2.04 | (738 | ) | 1.11 | |||||||||
| Outstanding at end of period |
9,458 | 2.01 | 7,380 | 2.58 | 15,267 | 4.10 | ||||||||||||
| Options exercisable at end of period |
8,020 | 7,124 | 9,100 | |||||||||||||||
| Weighted average minimum value/fair value of options granted during the period |
$ | 1.96 | $ | 2.62 | $ | 1.80 | ||||||||||||
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CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2003 (in thousands, except per share data):
| Options Outstanding |
Options Exercisable | |||||||||||
| Range of Exercise |
Number Outstanding |
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) |
Weighted Average Exercise Price |
Number Exercisable |
Weighted Average Exercise Price | |||||||
| $ 0.14– 0.30 |
75 | 5.7 | $ | 0.16 | 75 | $ | 0.16 | |||||
| $ 0.64– 0.91 |
2,266 | 6.5 | $ | 0.71 | 1,918 | $ | 0.69 | |||||
| $ 1.00– 1.50 |
2,665 | 9.1 | $ | 1.07 | 2,256 | $ | 1.06 | |||||
| $ 1.52– 2.27 |
1,526 | 8.1 | $ | 1.77 | 1,472 | $ | 1.77 | |||||
| $ 2.33– 3.38 |
1,654 | 7.1 | $ | 2.91 | 1,596 | $ | 2.89 | |||||
| $ 3.51– 4.84 |
784 | 8.9 | $ | 3.99 | 215 | $ | 4.09 | |||||
| $ 5.61– 8.00 |
452 | 7.1 | $ | 6.46 | 452 | $ | 6.46 | |||||
| $10.63–48.44 |
36 | 6.3 | $ | 26.59 | 36 | $ | 26.59 | |||||
| 9,458 | 7.8 | $ | 2.01 | 8,020 | $ | 1.96 | ||||||
NOTE 16—WARRANTS:
On August 12, 2002, we entered into an agreement with IBM to market our products and services to customers. We issued a fully vested and exercisable warrant to purchase up to 0.2 million shares of common stock. The exercise price is set at $2.25 per share. The warrant expires on August 12, 2007. The warrant was valued at $0.1 million based on the Black-Scholes model using the following assumptions: volatility: 105%, risk-free rate: 3.22% and fair market value of our common stock at the grant date: $0.84. The value of the warrant was recorded as a prepaid expense and was offset against revenue during 2003 upon the completion of an IBM revenue generating transaction.
In September 2001, we issued a warrant to Accenture plc to purchase up to 0.6 million shares of common stock. The warrant will vest based on achieving designated sales targets. As of December 31, 2003, no warrants had vested. The exercise price is set at $7.05 per warrant. The warrants expire on September 4, 2006. The warrants will be valued based on the fair market value of our common stock upon Accenture achieving the revenue targets and the measured amount will be recorded as sales and marketing. As of December 31, 2003, no designated sales targets have been achieved by Accenture.
NOTE 17—EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS:
401(k) Savings Plan
We sponsor a 401(k) Savings Plan for our full-time employees. Under the 401(k) Plan, each participant may elect to contribute up to 15% of their pre-tax compensation. During fiscal 2003, we suspended our matching of employee contributions which historically has been at a rate of 50%. Employee contributions are fully vested, whereas vesting in Chordiant’s matching contributions occurs at a rate of 33.3% per year of employment. Our contributions to the 401(k) Plan totaled approximately $247,000, $577,000 and $358,000 for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively.
Defined Contribution Plan
We also sponsor a defined contribution pension plan for the employees of our United Kingdom sales office. Under the pension plan, employees of the United Kingdom sales office may elect to contribute 5% of their pre-
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CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
tax compensation. Our contributions to the pension plan totaled approximately $598,000, $789,000 and $599,000 for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively.
1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In November 1999, the 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) was adopted by the Board of Directors and became effective on February 14, 2000, the date of our initial public offering. Eligible employees can have up to 15% of their earnings withheld, to be used to purchase shares of our Common Stock on every February 15th and August 15th, for a total 24-month term. A new ESPP scheme commences on each 6-month anniversary. An employee may participate in one ESPP scheme at any one time. The price of the Common Stock purchased under the Purchase Plan will be equal to 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the Common Stock on the commencement date of each six-month offering period or the specified purchase date. The amount that may be offered pursuant to this plan is approximately 6,014,000 shares. In 2003, 2002 and 2001, approximately 2,000,000, 1,341,000 and 555,000 shares were purchased under the ESPP at weighted average prices of $0.64, $1.40 and $2.35, respectively. The amount reserved under the plan will automatically increase each year by the greater of (1) 0.5% outstanding shares on such date and (2) the number of shares subject to stock awards made under the ESPP during the prior twelve-month period. However, the automatic increase is subject to reduction by the Board of Directors.
NOTE 18—SEGMENT INFORMATION
Our chief operating decision maker reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by desegregated information about revenues by geographic regions for purposes of making operating decisions and assessing financial performance. Accordingly, we have concluded that we have one reportable segment.
License revenues for enterprise solutions amounted to $20.6 million, $26.6 million and $27.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Software license revenues for marketing solutions were approximately $5.9 million, $6.0 million and $12.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively.
Services revenues consist of consulting assistance and implementation, customization and integration and post-contract customer support, training and certain reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses. Services revenues for enterprise solutions was approximately $30.9 million, $28.5 million and $28.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Services revenues for marketing solutions were approximately $10.9 million, $12.8 million and $9.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively.
Foreign revenues are based on the country in which the customer is located. The following is a summary of total revenues by geographic area (in thousands):
| Years Ended December 31, | |||||||||
| 2003 |
2002 |
2001 | |||||||
| North America |
$ | 15,825 | $ | 19,639 | $ | 12,418 | |||
| Europe |
52,210 | 53,885 | 63,995 | ||||||
| Rest of World |
231 | 327 | 1,051 | ||||||
| $ | 68,266 | $ | 73,851 | $ | 77,464 | ||||
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CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Property and equipment information is based on the physical location of the assets. The following is a summary of property and equipment by geographic area (in thousands):
| December 31, | ||||||
| 2003 |
2002 | |||||
| North America |
$ | 1,475 | $ | 2,867 | ||
| Europe |
1,596 | 2,198 | ||||
| Rest of World |
— | 4 | ||||
| $ | 3,071 | $ | 5,069 | |||
NOTE 19—QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED):
The following is a summary of the unaudited quarterly results of operations for the periods shown (in thousands, except per share data):
| Year Ended December 31, 2003 |
Year Ended December 31, 2002 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Quarter |
Second Quarter |
Third Quarter |
Fourth Quarter |
First Quarter |
Second Quarter |
Third Quarter |
Fourth Quarter |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues |
$ | 13,815 | $ | 17,085 | $ | 17,766 | $ | 19,600 | $ | 22,808 | $ | 15,075 | $ | 18,901 | $ | 17,067 | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit |
7,164 | 10,428 | 10,750 | 12,113 | 12,591 | 7,907 | 11,658 | 9,738 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss |
(6,946 | ) | (3,391 | ) | (2,129 | ) | (3,937 | ) | (8,209 | ) | (10,548 | ) | (4,968 | ) | (8,596 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Net loss per share—basic and diluted |
$ | (0.12 | ) | $ | (0.06 | ) | $ | (0.04 | ) | $ | (0.06 | ) | $ | (0.15 | ) | $ | (0.19 | ) | $ | (0.09 | ) | $ | (0.15 | ) | ||||||||
NOTE 20—SUBSEQUENT EVENT (UNAUDITED):
In January 2004, we sold 4,854,368 shares of our common stock to Acqua Wellington Opportunity I Limited for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $25.0 million which will be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes.
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| ITEM 9. | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH AUDITORS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES |
None.
| ITEM 9A. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures
We carried out an evaluation, as of December 31, 2003, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-14(c) under the Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that material information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms.
(b) Changes in internal controls
Such evaluation did not identify any significant changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2003 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
(c) Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls.
The Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error, mistake or circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. We believe, however, our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide a reasonable level of assurance of achieving our disclosure control objectives.
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| ITEM 10. | DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT |
Our officers and current directors and the positions held by them are as follows:
| Name |
Age |
Position | ||
| Samuel T. Spadafora |
61 | Chairman of the Board and Chief Strategy Officer | ||
| Stephen Kelly |
42 | Chief Executive Officer and Director | ||
| Donald J. Morrison |
46 | President | ||
| Allen Swann |
53 | President, International | ||
| Michael J. Shannahan |
55 | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||
| Andrew Eckert |
42 | Director | ||
| William Raduchel |
57 | Director | ||
| David R. Springett |
69 | Director | ||
| Steven R. Springsteel |
46 | Director | ||
Samuel T. Spadafora has been Chairman of our board of directors since November 1999 and has been our Chief Strategy Officer since November 2003. Mr. Spadafora served as our Chief Executive Officer and a director from June 1998 to January 2002. From June 1998 until October 2000, he was also our President. From April 1994 to June 1998, Mr. Spadafora served as Vice President of worldwide field operations for the microelectronic business of Sun Microsystems, Inc., a computer systems and networking company. Mr. Spadafora holds a B.A. in marketing from Eastern Michigan University.
Stephen Kelly has been a director of ours since March 2001 and our Chief Executive Officer since January 2002. From October 2000 through January 2002, he served as our President and Chief Operating Officer, and from October 1998 through October 2000 he served as our Senior Vice President of Europe, Middle East and Africa operations. From October 1997 to September 1998, Mr. Kelly served as our Vice President of Europe, Middle East and Africa operations. From 1987 to 1998, Mr. Kelly worked in various sales, alliances and marketing roles at the United Kingdom operations of Oracle Corporation, an enterprise software company, where he most recently served as director of Europe, Middle East and Africa alliances and industry groups. Mr. Kelly received his B.Sc. with honors in business administration and accounting from the University of Bath, England.
Donald J. Morrison has served as our President since January 2004. From September 2000 to January 2004, he served as our Executive Vice President of business development and marketing. From January 1999 until September 2000, Mr. Morrison served as our Executive Vice President, worldwide sales and marketing. Mr. Morrison joined us as Executive Vice President of marketing in June 1997. Mr. Morrison received his B.A. in business administration from San Francisco State University and his masters degree in marketing management from Golden Gate University.
Allen Swann has served as President of our international operations since March 2001. From February 1998 until March 2001, Mr. Swann ran the international operations of Prime Response Ltd., now a wholly-owned subsidiary of ours. From 1986 to February 1998, Mr. Swann was first a regional sales manager and later the UK Sales Director for Oracle UK, a subsidiary of Oracle Corporation, an enterprise software company. Mr. Swann earned his B.S. in Statistics from Salford University.
Michael J. Shannahan has served as our Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since October 2003. From January 2003 to October 2003, Mr. Shannahan provided financial consulting services to a publicly traded software company. From October 2001 to November 2002, Mr. Shannahan served as acting Chief Financial Officer of Sanctum, Inc., a web applications security company. From January 2001 to September 2001, Mr. Shannahan served as Chief Financial Officer of BroadBand Office Inc., a communications services
78
company. From August 1999 to January 2001, Mr. Shannahan served as Chief Financial Officer of mySimon, an e-commerce company. From April 1999 to July 1999, Mr. Shannahan served as Chief Financial Officer of TriStrata, an Internet security company. From September 1997 to April 1999, Mr. Shannahan served as the Chief Financial Officer of NetObjects, Inc, a web-publishing software company. From January 1995 to September 1997, Mr. Shannahan served as the Chief Financial Officer of Broderbund Software, Inc., an entertainment and education software company. Mr. Shannahan spent eighteen years with KPMG, an accounting firm, as an audit partner focusing almost exclusively on software companies. Mr. Shannahan holds a B.S. in Business Administration, with a concentration in Accounting from Rockhurst College.
R. Andrew Eckert has been a director of ours since September 2003. Mr. Eckert is currently the Chief Executive Officer and a director of SumTotal Systems, Inc., a publicly traded business software company created by the March 2004 merger of Docent, Inc. and Click2learn, Inc. He served as Chief Executive Officer of Docent, a publicly traded business software company, from April 2002, as President from 2001, and as a director from May 2002. From 1997 to 2000, Mr. Eckert served as Chief Executive Officer of ADAC Laboratories, a publicly traded medical products company that was acquired by Royal Philips Electronics of Amsterdam, Netherlands, in December 2000. Mr. Eckert also served as a director of ADAC Laboratories from 1996 to 2000 and as Chairman of the board of directors from 1999 to 2000. Mr. Eckert holds a B.S. in industrial engineering and an M.B.A. from Stanford University.
William Raduchel, Ph.D., has been a director of ours since February 2003, and previously served as a director of Chordiant between August 1998 and May 2001. He provides strategic advice and consulting to a number of companies, including: America Online, Inc., an Internet service provider; Myriad International, Inc., an executive and professional search company; Silicon Image, Inc., a semiconductor company; Hyperspace Communications, a communications software company; and WildTangent, Inc., an online game publisher. In 2001 and 2002 he was Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer of AOL Time Warner, Inc., after earlier being Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer of America Online, Inc. From 1988 through 1999, Mr. Raduchel held various positions at Sun Microsystems, Inc., a computer systems and networking company. These positions included Chief Strategy Officer, member of the executive committee, Chief Information Officer, Chief Financial Officer, acting Vice President of human resources, and Vice President of corporate planning and development. Mr. Raduchel is a member of the National Advisory Board for the Salvation Army, the National Academy Committee on Internet Navigation and Domain Name Services, and the Board on Science, Technology and Economic Policy of the National Academy of Sciences. He is also a director of In2Books, a not-for-profit firm dedicated to improving literacy. After attending Michigan Technological University, where he was awarded an honorary doctorate in business in 2002, Mr. Raduchel earned a B.A. in economics from Michigan State University and A.M. and Ph.D. degrees in economics from Harvard University.
David R. Springett, Ph.D. has been a director of ours since January 2000. Dr. Springett has served as President of the Community College Foundation, an educational foundation, since February 1994. He is a board member of the California Vehicle Foundation and the California State Commission on Welfare Reform and Training. Dr. Springett holds degrees from the Royal Military College of Canada, the University of Toronto, Queen’s University and Harvard University.
Steven R. Springsteel has been a director of ours since January 2004. Since January 2003, he has served as Senior Vice President of finance and administration and Chief Financial Officer of Verity, Inc., a provider of intellectual capital management software. From November 2001 to January 2003, Mr. Springsteel served as the Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Sagent Technology, Inc., a publicly traded business intelligence software company. From October 2000 to November 2001, Mr. Springsteel served as the Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer of NOCpulse (subsequently sold to Red Hat). From November 1996 to October 2000, Mr. Springsteel served as the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Chordiant. Mr. Springsteel also serves on the Board of Directors for both Sagent Technology and Critical Path, Inc., a publicly traded digital communications software and services company. Mr. Springsteel holds a BA in Business Administration from Cleveland State University.
79
The Audit Committee
Chordiant has a separately-designated standing audit committee (the “Audit Committee”). As of March 18, 2004, three independent directors comprise the Audit Committee: David Springett, William Raduchel and Steven R. Springsteel. The Board of Directors (the “Board”) has determined that Mr. Springsteel qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined in applicable SEC rules. The Board made a qualitative assessment of Mr. Springsteel’s level of knowledge and experience based on a number of factors, including his formal education and experience as a chief financial officer for public reporting companies.
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “1934 Act”) requires the Company’s directors and executive officers, and persons who own more than ten percent of a registered class of the Company’s equity securities, to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of common stock and other equity securities of the Company. Officers, directors and greater than ten percent stockholders are required by SEC regulation to furnish the Company with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file.
To the Company’s knowledge, based solely on a review of the copies of such reports furnished to the Company, during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003 all Section 16(a) filing requirements applicable to its officers, directors and greater than ten percent beneficial owners were complied with.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
The Company has adopted the Chordiant Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code”), which applies to all officers and employees. The Code is available on our website at www.chordiant.com/company/ir/corpgov.html. If the Company makes any substantive amendments to the Code or grants any waiver from a provision of the Code to any executive officer, the Company will promptly disclose the nature of the amendment or waiver on its website.
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| ITEM 11. | EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION |
The following table shows for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003, compensation awarded or paid to, or earned by, our Chief Executive Officer and our other four most highly compensated executive officers at December 31, 2003 (the “Named Executive Officers”):
| Annual Compensation |
Long Term Compensation Awards |
||||||||||||||||
| Name and Principal Position |
Year |
Salary ($) |
Bonus ($) |
Restricted Stock Awards ($) |
Securities Underlying Options (#) |
All Other Compensation ($) |
|||||||||||
| Samuel T. Spadafora |
2003 | 232,787 | 30,000 | — | 150,000 | 6,397 | (1) | ||||||||||
| Chairman of the Board |
2002 | 259,018 | 105,367 | — | 175,000 | 5,500 | |||||||||||
| 2001 | 344,421 | (2) | 772,378 | — | 100,000 | 2,304 | |||||||||||
| Stephen Kelly |
2003 | 275,624 | 215,199 | — | 200,000 | 26,236 | (3) | ||||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer |
2002 | 318,567 | 424,277 | 1,377,775 | (4) | 325,000 | (5) | 22,284 | |||||||||
| 2001 | 280,254 | 379,944 | (6) | — | 900,000 | (7) | 57,468 | ||||||||||
| Donald J. Morrison |
2003 | 221,420 | 55,750 | — | 100,000 | 806 | (8) | ||||||||||
| President |
2002 | 224,584 | 73,365 | 163,388 | (9) | 127,141 | (10) | 5,500 | |||||||||
| 2001 | 246,325 | (11) | 238,234 | (12) | — | 110,000 | 229 | ||||||||||
| Allen Swann |
2003 | 288,053 | 112,079 | — | 100,000 | 28,277 | (13) | ||||||||||
| President, International |
2002 | 249,927 | 118,657 | 431,810 | (14) | 88,750 | (15) | 51,212 | |||||||||
| 2001 | 209,478 | 489,510 | (16) | — | 407,620 | (17) | 3,077 | ||||||||||
| Steve G. Vogel* |
2003 | 157,876 | 45,750 | — | 100,000 | 3,568 | (18) | ||||||||||
| Former Chief Financial Officer |
2002 | 181,667 | 69,276 | 273,780 | (19) | 110,000 | (20) | — | |||||||||
| 2001 | 162,838 | (21) | 77,715 | — | 337,500 | (22) | — | ||||||||||
| (1) | Includes $3,564 paid by us for group-term life insurance premium in excess of $50,000 and $2,833 in 401(k) matching contributions paid by us. |
| (2) | During 2001, we changed our policy with respect to paid time off accrual such that executives no longer accrue paid time off. Upon making this change, executives with accrued paid time off were paid the amount accrued. Mr. Spadafora was paid $52,210 for accrued paid time off as a result of this policy change. |
| (3) | Consists of pension plan matching contributions paid by us to Mr. Kelly’s individual pension plan. |
| (4) | Total number of shares awarded was 1,020,574. These shares vest quarterly beginning on February 15, 2003 and ending on August 15, 2005. As of December 31, 2003, Mr. Kelly held 609,074 of these shares, valued at $3,319,453 based on the closing price of our unrestricted common stock as of December 31, 2003. As of December 31, 2003, of these 609,074 shares, 123,795 were vested and 485,279 remained subject to vesting. We do not intend to pay dividends on the restricted stock component reported above. |
| (5) | Options covering all of these shares were issued and then cancelled and reissued on a 1-for-0.8 basis as restricted stock as part of our option exchange program in August 2002 (the “2002 Program”). |
| (6) | Includes commissions of $182,676. |
| (7) | Options covering 850,717 of such shares were issued and then cancelled and reissued on a 1-for-0.8 basis as restricted stock as part of the 2002 Program. |
| (8) | Consists of $806 paid by us for group-term life insurance premium in excess of $50,000. |
| (9) | Total number of shares awarded was 201,713. These shares vest quarterly beginning on February 15, 2003 and ending on August 15, 2005. As of December 31, 2003, Mr. Morrison held 163,414 of these shares, valued at $890,606 based on the closing price of our unrestricted common stock as of December 31, 2003. As of December 31, 2003, of these 163,414 shares, 46,737 were vested and 116,677 remained subject to vesting. We do not intend to pay dividends on the restricted stock component reported above. |
| (10) | Options covering all of these shares were issued and then cancelled and reissued on a 1-for-0.8 basis as restricted stock as part of the 2002 Program. |
| (11) | Includes $32,575 paid to Mr. Morrison for accrued paid time off. |
| (12) | Includes commissions of $50,658. |
| (13) | Consists of pension plan matching contributions paid by us to Mr. Swann’s individual pension plan. |
| (14) | Total number of shares awarded was 319,859. These shares vest quarterly beginning on February 15, 2003 and ending on August 15, 2005. As of December 31, 2003, Mr. Swann held 193,859 of these shares, valued at $1,056,532 based on the closing price of our unrestricted common stock as of December 31, 2003. As of December 31, 2003, of these 193,859 shares, 130,192 were vested and 63,667 remained subject to vesting. We do not intend to pay dividends on the restricted stock component reported above. |
| (15) | Options covering all of these shares were issued and then cancelled and reissued on a 1-for-0.8 basis as restricted stock as part of the 2002 Program. |
| (16) | Includes commissions of $182,512 and a one-time retention bonus of $306,998 as part of our acquisition of Prime Response. |
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| (17) | Options covering 311,620 of such shares were issued and then cancelled and reissued on a 1-for-0.8 basis as restricted stock as part of the 2002 Program. |
| (18) | Consists of $1,068 paid by us for group-term life insurance premium in excess of $50,000 and $2,500 in 401(k) matching contributions paid by us. |
| (19) | Total number of shares awarded was 338,000. These shares vest quarterly beginning on February 15, 2003 and ending on August 15, 2005. As of November 15, 2003, Mr. Vogel was no longer an employee of ours. As of November 15, 2003, Mr. Vogel held 216,450 of these shares, valued at $883,116 based on the closing price of our unrestricted common stock as of November 15, 2003. Under the terms of his separation from Chordiant, none of his restricted stock will vest after November 15, 2003. |
| (20) | Options covering all of these shares were issued and then cancelled and reissued on a 1-for-0.8 basis as restricted stock as part of the 2002 Program. |
| (21) | Includes $4,504 paid to Mr. Vogel for accrued paid time off. |
| (22) | Options covering 312,500 of such shares were issued and then cancelled and reissued on a 1-for-0.8 basis as restricted stock as part of the 2002 Program. |
| * | Mr. Vogel is no longer an employee of ours. |
Stock Option Grants and Exercises
We grant options to our executive officers under the 1999 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Incentive Plan”). As of March 18, 2004, options to purchase a total of 5,821,491 shares were outstanding under the Incentive Plan and options to purchase 2,741,943 shares remained available for grant under the Incentive Plan.
The following tables show for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003, certain information regarding options granted to, exercised by, and held at year-end by, the Named Executive Officers:
Option Grants in Last Fiscal Year
| Individual Grants |
Exercise |
Expiration |
Potential Realizable Value at Assumed Annual Rates of Stock Price Appreciation for Option Term (1) | |||||||||||||
| Name |
Number of Securities Underlying Options Granted (2) (#) |
% of Total Options Granted to Employees in 2003 (3) (%) |
5% ($) |
10% ($) | ||||||||||||
| Samuel T. Spadafora |
150,000 | 3.3 | % | $ | 1.70 | 6/4/2013 | $ | 160,368.13 | $ | 406,404.33 | ||||||
| Stephen Kelly |
200,000 | 4.4 | % | $ | 1.70 | 6/4/2013 | $ | 213,824.17 | $ | 541,872.44 | ||||||
| Donald J. Morrison |
100,000 | 2.2 | % | $ | 1.38 | 6/1/2013 | $ | 86,787.46 | $ | 219,936.46 | ||||||
| Allen Swann |
100,000 | 2.2 | % | $ | 1.38 | 6/1/2013 | $ | 86,787.46 | $ | 219,936.46 | ||||||
| (1) | The potential realizable value information is calculated based on the ten-year term of the option at the time of grant. Stock price appreciation of 5% and 10% is assumed as prescribed by the rules promulgated by the SEC and does not represent our prediction of our future stock price performance. |
| (2) | The stock options listed for Messrs. Spadafora and Kelly vest in a series of equal monthly installments over the three years following their date of grant; the stock options listed for Messrs. Morrison and Swann vest in a series of equal monthly installments over the two years following their date of grant. Our stock option plans allow for the early exercise of options granted to employees. All options exercised early are subject to repurchase by us at the original exercise price upon the option holder’s cessation of service to us before the vesting of such holder’s shares. Each of the options has a ten-year term, subject to earlier termination if the option holder’s service with us ceases. |
| (3) | Percentages shown are based on an aggregate of 4,516,877 options granted to our employees under our stock option plans during the period from January 1, 2003 through December 31, 2003. |
| (4) | The exercise price of each option is equal to the fair market value of our common stock as valued by the Board on the date of grant. The exercise price may be paid in cash, in shares of our common stock valued at fair market value on the date of exercise, or through a cashless exercise procedure involving a same-day sale of the purchased shares. |
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Aggregated Option Exercises in Last Fiscal Year and Fiscal Year-End Option Values
| Shares |
Value |
Number of Securities Unexercised Options at Fiscal Year-End (#) |
Value of Unexercised In-the-Money Options at Fiscal Year-End (2) ($) | ||||||||||||
| Name |
Vested |
Unvested |
Vested |
Unvested | |||||||||||
| Samuel T. Spadafora |
— | — | 992,233 | 204,167 | $ | 4,423,182.40 | $ | 848,751.60 | |||||||
| Stephen Kelly |
— | — | 109,378 | 166,667 | $ | 206,115.21 | $ | 625,001.25 | |||||||
| Donald J. Morrison |
90,000 | $ | 322,543.58 | 335,254 | 97,917 | $ | 1,356,705.46 | $ | 388,897.05 | ||||||
| Allen Swann |
— | — | 121,000 | 75,000 | $ | 452,150.00 | $ | 305,250.00 | |||||||
| (1) | Based on the fair market value of our common stock on the exercise date, minus the exercise price, multiplied by the number of shares exercised. |
| (2) | Based on the fair market value of our common stock as of December 31, 2003, minus the exercise price, multiplied by the number of shares underlying the unexercised options. |
Compensation of Directors
Non-employee directors receive cash compensation from us for their services as members of the Board or for attendance at committee meetings as follows: Directors receive a quarterly retainer of $7,500.00 for service as a member of the Board (subject to attendance at meetings) and $750.00 per quarter for service on the audit committee and $750.00 per quarter for service on the compensation committee (each subject to attendance at committee meetings). Other committees such as the nominating committee or other special ad hoc committees formed do not carry separate compensation. Directors are also eligible for reimbursement for expenses incurred in connection with attendance at Board meetings in accordance with our policy.
Each non-employee director receives stock option grants under the 1999 Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan (the “Directors’ Plan”) (only non-employee directors of ours or of an affiliate of ours are eligible to receive options under the Directors’ Plan). Options granted under the Directors’ Plan are non-discretionary and are intended by us not to qualify as incentive stock options.
Under the Directors’ Plan, each non-employee director is automatically entitled to receive an initial option to purchase 25,000 shares of our common stock. Pursuant to the terms of the Directors’ Plan, initial grants to purchase 25,000 shares of our common stock were made to those non-employee directors serving on the Board on February 14, 2000, the effective date of our initial public offering. Each director elected or appointed subsequent to February 14, 2000 has received or will receive an initial option to purchase 25,000 shares of our common stock on the date of such non-employee director’s election or appointment to the Board. These option grants are immediately exercisable with 1/3rd of the shares vesting on the anniversary of the grant date and 1/36th of the shares initially granted vesting each month thereafter that the director serves on the Board, such that all shares are fully vested over 3 years.
In addition, on the day after each of our annual meetings of stockholders, each person who is then a non-employee director is automatically granted an annual option to purchase 7,500 shares of our common stock. These annual option grants are immediately exercisable, with the shares vesting in equal monthly installments over a year period measured from the date of grant. If a non-employee director is appointed to the Board between annual meetings, the annual option is prorated to reflect the amount of time to be served until the next annual meeting.
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Finally, on the day after each of our annual meetings, each non-employee director who is then serving on a Board committee will automatically receive, pursuant to the terms of the Directors’ Plan, an option to purchase 5,000 shares of our common stock. The option is exercisable immediately and vests monthly over the year period measured from the date of grant. If the non-employee director is appointed to a committee after the annual meeting, the option is prorated according to the time to be served until the next annual meeting.
The exercise price of options granted under the Directors’ Plan is the fair market value of our common stock on the date of the grant, as determined by the closing price reported on the Nasdaq National Market for the date of grant. Each option grant made pursuant to the Directors’ Plan has a term of ten years. However, the time in which an option granted under the Directors’ Plan may be exercised ends three months from the date the optionee’s service with us is terminated, with the exception of termination resulting from death or disability of the optionee, in which case the option terminates 18 months following such optionee’s death and 12 months following such optionee’s disability. In no event, however, may an option be exercised after its term expires.
In addition, in the event of a dissolution, liquidation, sale of substantially all of our assets, a merger or consolidation in which we are not the surviving corporation, a reverse merger in which we are the surviving corporation but the shares of our common stock outstanding immediately preceding the merger are converted by virtue of the merger into other property or the acquisition by any person, entity or group of the beneficial ownership of our securities representing at least 50% of the combined voting power permitted to vote in the election of directors, then those unvested options issued under the Directors’ Plan held by optionees then performing services as an employee or director of, or consultant to, us are accelerated by one year.
As discussed above, we grant options covering 25,000 shares to each non-employee director who becomes a director in the year, each having a per share exercise price equal to the fair market value of such common stock on the date of grant, as determined by the closing price reported on the Nasdaq National Market for the date of grant. Mr. Raduchel and Mr. Eckert became directors in 2003. Mr. Springsteel became a director in 2004. As non-employee directors, each received a grant of 25,000 shares.
Employment and Change of Control Agreements
Employment Agreements
On April 24, 1998, we entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Spadafora. Under the terms of that agreement, Mr. Spadafora is entitled to receive an annual base salary of $250,000 and is eligible to receive an annual incentive bonus of $200,000. As of January 1, 2004, Mr. Spadafora’s salary is $250,000 and he is eligible for a bonus of up to 30% of his salary. Mr. Spadafora received a $100,000 hiring bonus upon signing the agreement. Pursuant to the terms of his employment agreement, Mr. Spadafora also received options to purchase 1,809,650 shares of our common stock. In the event we undergo a “change in control,” which is defined as a sale of substantially all of our assets, a merger in which we are not the surviving corporation or the transfer of more than 50% of our voting interests, Mr. Spadafora will immediately vest in 50% of his then unvested shares. The agreement also provides that either Mr. Spadafora or we may terminate Mr. Spadafora’s employment at any time. If Mr. Spadafora’s employment is terminated without cause, Mr. Spadafora is entitled to receive 12 months of base salary and he will automatically vest in 50% of his then unvested shares.
Effective as of January 1, 2002, we entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Kelly. Under the terms of that agreement, Mr. Kelly was entitled to receive an annual base salary of $250,000 for 2002 and an annual base salary of $350,000 for 2003. Additionally, under the agreement, Mr. Kelly earned a bonus of $350,000 for the third calendar quarter of 2002, and was eligible to receive a performance-based bonus of $200,000 for the fourth quarter of 2002, which was neither earned nor paid. Mr. Kelly’s employment agreement also provides that in the event his employment relationship is terminated without “cause,” as defined in Mr. Kelly’s employment agreement, then the Company will pay Mr. Kelly severance payments equal to Mr. Kelly’s base salary for twelve
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months following his termination date, and the vesting of fifty percent (50%) of all restricted stock and/or options held by Mr. Kelly that are unvested on the date of his termination will become vested. Under the terms of Mr. Kelly’s employment agreement, if he resigns or his employment is terminated for “cause,” then all compensation and benefits from Chordiant will cease immediately.
Effective as of January 23, 2001, we entered into an employment agreement with Allen Swann. Mr. Swann assumed the role of president of our international operations on March 27, 2001. Mr. Swann was previously an employee of Prime Response, Inc., a company we acquired on January 8, 2001. Under the terms of his employment agreement, Mr. Swann is entitled to receive and annual base salary of $275,000, additional incentive compensation of up to $725,000, and a one-time retention bonus of $300,000. Mr. Swann was granted two compensatory stock options on March 27, 2001, for 76,649 shares vesting over 12 months, and 120,000 shares vesting over 24 months, respectively. In 2003, Mr. Swann earned a bonus of $112,709. For 2004, Mr. Swann’s salary is £200,000 ($362,820 based on the currency conversion rate as of March 29, 2004).
Effective as of October 10, 2003, we entered into an employment agreement with Michael J. Shannahan. Mr. Shannahan assumed the role of Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer on October 20, 2003. Under the terms of his employment agreement, Mr. Shannahan is entitled to receive and annual base salary of $225,000, and is eligible to participate in Chordiant’s Bonus Program with a 40% targeted payout at 100% achievement of plan objectives. Mr. Shannahan was also eligible to participate in the year end Executive Bonus Plan (on a pro-rated basis) with a targeted payout of 20% of base compensation, pursuant to his employment agreement. Under the terms of his employment agreement, Mr. Shannahan was granted compensatory stock options on October 27, 2003 for 300,000 shares vesting 25% on the first anniversary of the date of grant and monthly thereafter, such that the grant completely vests in four years. The agreement also provides that either Mr. Shannahan or we may terminate Mr. Shannahan’s employment at any time, for any reason.
Change of Control Agreements
We have entered into Change of Control Agreements with Stephen Kelly, Sam Spadafora, Don Morrison, Allen Swann, and Michael Shannahan (each an “Executive”). We may in the future enter into these agreements with other executives of ours. These agreements provide generally that if an Executive is terminated either without “cause,” as defined in the agreements, or voluntarily leaves employment for “good reason,” as defined in the agreements, within 90 days prior to a “change of control,” as defined in the agreements, or 12 months following a change of control, then the Executive will receive, among other benefits, the following: (1) payment of the Executive’s salary for a period of 12 months, (2) payment of the Executive’s annual bonus, (3) continuation of our health and life insurance policies for one year, (4) so long as not prohibited by law, automatic extension of 60 months to repay any promissory note, loan or other indebtedness to us, and (5) with respect to options and restricted stock, accelerated vesting of a number of shares equal to the greater of (a) 50% of the then-unvested shares, or (b) 12 months’ worth of vesting.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
None of our executive officers serve as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving as a member of our Board or compensation committee.
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| ITEM 12. | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS |
EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION (1) (2)
| Plan Category |
Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants, and rights(a) |
Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights ($/sh) (b) |
Number of securities remaining available for issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (c) | ||||
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders |
6,659,171 | $ | 2.13 | 3,595,478 | |||
| Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders |
2,679,474 | $ | 1.48 | 226,974 | |||
| Total |
9,338,645 | $ | 1.95 | 3,822,452 | |||
| (1) | All information set forth in this table is as of December 31, 2003. |
| (2) | Upon our acquisition of Prime Response, Inc. and White Spider Software, Inc. in 2001 and 2000, respectively, we assumed outstanding options of Prime Response and White Spider such that these options became exercisable for an aggregate of 768,560 shares of our common stock at a weighted-average exercise price of $9.21 per share. As of December 31, 2003, 119,881 options of Prime Response, Inc. and White Spider Software, Inc are still outstanding with a weighted-average exercise price of $6.82. The option plans governing these options terminated other than with respect to the outstanding options, and no options will be granted in the future pursuant to these plans. These plans were not approved by our stockholders, as no approval was required and the plans were not assumed by us. The shares referenced in this note are not included in any of the numbers set forth in the table. |
In March of 2000 the Board adopted our 2000 Nonstatutory Equity Incentive Plan (the “2000 Plan”). Stockholder approval of this plan has not been obtained. The 2000 Plan was in effect as of December 31, 2001. In April of 2002, the Board approved an increase to the number of shares reserved under the 2000 Plan from 900,000 shares to 2,400,000 shares, also without stockholder approval as such approval was not required by the 2000 Plan or by applicable law. The 2000 Plan does not have a termination date, and will continue indefinitely until suspended or terminated by the Board. The 2000 Plan provides for the grant of nonstatutory stock options and the issuance of restricted stock and stock bonuses to our employees (other than officers, directors, or beneficial owners of ten percent (10%) or more of our common stock) and consultants who meet certain eligibility requirements. The terms and price of nonstatutory stock options granted under the 2000 Plan are determined by the Board (or a committee of the Board) and are set forth in each optionee’s option agreement. The Board (or a committee of the Board) sets the terms of stock bonuses and rights to purchase restricted stock.
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SECURITY OWNERSHIP BY CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the ownership of our common stock as of March 18, 2004 by: (i) each director and nominee for director; (ii) each of the executive officers named in the Summary Compensation Table; (iii) all of our executive officers and directors as a group; and (iv) all those known by us to be beneficial owners of more than five percent of our common stock.
| Beneficial Owner |
Beneficial Ownership(1) |
|||||
| Number of Shares |
Percent of Total |
|||||
| Five Percent Stockholders: |
||||||
| Acqua Wellington Opportunity I Limited |
4,854,368 | 6.8 | % | |||
| Shirlaw House 87 Shirley Street Nassau, Bahamas |
||||||
| Credit Suisse Asset Management, LLC |
4,762,500 | 6.6 | ||||
| 466 Lexington Avenue New York, NY 10017 |
||||||
| Directors, Nominees and Executive Officers: |
||||||
| Samuel T. Spadafora |
1,529,233 | (2) | 2.1 | % | ||
| Stephen Kelly |
1,170,400 | (3) | 1.6 | % | ||
| Don Morrison |
714,909 | (4) | 1.0 | % | ||
| Allen Swann |
518,657 | (5) | * | |||
| William Raduchel |
102,656 | (6) | * | |||
| David R. Springett |
72,500 | (7) | * | |||
| Andrew Eckert |
25,000 | (8) | * | |||
| Steven R. Springsteel |
45,000 | (9) | * | |||
| All executive officers and directors as a group (9 persons) |
4,478,355 | (10) | 6.2 | % | ||
| * | Less than one percent. |
| (1) | This table is based upon information supplied by officers, directors and principal stockholders and Schedules 13D and 13G filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Unless otherwise indicated in the footnotes to this table, and subject to community property laws were applicable, we believe that each of the stockholders named in this table has sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares indicated as beneficially owned. Applicable percentages are based on 71,763,185 shares outstanding on March 18, 2004, adjusted as required by rules promulgated by the SEC. |
| (2) | Consists of (a) 4,083 shares acquired pursuant to the 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), (b) 484,231 shares held by the Samuel T. and Cheryl M. Spadafora 1992 Family Trust and (c) 1,040,919 shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options that are exercisable within sixty (60) days of March 18, 2004. |
| (3) | Consists of (a) 12,043 shares acquired pursuant to our ESPP, (b) 237,823 shares held by Mr. Kelly’s spouse, (c) 35,415 shares acquired through the exercise of options, (d) 276,045 shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options that are exercisable within sixty (60) days of March 18, 2004, and (e) 609,074 shares acquired as a restricted stock award. |
| (4) | Consists of (a) 3,323 shares acquired pursuant to the ESPP, (b) 5,000 shares held by the Julia Elise Morrison 1999 Trust, (c) 5,000 shares held by the Whitney Ann Ellis 1999 Trust, (d) 5,000 shares held by the Tyler Rhoads Ellis 1999 Trust, (e) 533,172 shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options that are exercisable within sixty (60) days of March 18, 2004, and (g) 163,414 shares acquired as a restricted stock award. Mr. Morrison is trustee of the aforementioned trusts, which benefit Mr. Morrison’s children. |
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| (5) | Consists of (a) 48,135 shares acquired pursuant to the ESPP, (b) 80,663 shares acquired pursuant to the exercise of certain options, (c) 196,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options that are exercisable within sixty (60) days of March 18, 2004, and (d) 193,859 shares acquired as a restricted stock award. |
| (6) | Consists of (a) 60,156 shares issued upon the exercise of options, and (b) 42,500 shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options that are exercisable within sixty (60) days of March 18, 2004. |
| (7) | Consists of 72,500 shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options that are exercisable within sixty (60) days of March 18, 2004. |
| (8) | Consists of 25,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options that are exercisable within sixty (60) days of March 18, 2004. |
| (9) | Consists of (a) 10,000 shares acquired on the open market, (b) 10,000 shares held by two of Mr. Springsteel’s children and (c) 25,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options that are exercisable within sixty (60) days of March 18, 2004. |
| (10) | Includes shares described in the Notes above, as applicable. |
| ITEM 13. | CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS |
We have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and officers for the indemnification of and advancement of expenses to these persons to the full extent permitted by law. We also intend to execute these agreements with our future directors and officers.
All transactions between us and our officers, directors and principal stockholders must be approved by a committee of independent and disinterested directors
We do not have any formal policy concerning the direct or indirect pecuniary interest of any of our officers, directors, security holders or affiliates in any investment to be acquired or disposed of by us or in any transaction to which we are a party or have an interest. We will not enter into any such transactions unless approved by a majority of the entire board of directors, not including any interested director.
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| ITEM 14. | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES |
Aggregate fees for professional services rendered for the Company by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002(1), were:
| 2003 |
2002 | |||||
| Audit Fees |
||||||
| Aggregate fees for professional services rendered for the audits of the consolidated financial statements of the Company, statutory and subsidiary audits, consents, income tax provision procedures, and assistance with review of documents filed with the SEC: |
$ | 475,655 | $ | 536,135 | ||
| Audit-Related Fees |
||||||
| Aggregate fees for assurance and related services including benefit plan audits and consultation on acquisitions: |
$ | 16,500 | $ | 67,824 | ||
| Tax Fees |
||||||
| Aggregate fees for tax services rendered for tax return preparation, tax-payment planning services, tax audits and appeals, tax services for employee benefit plans and requests for rulings or technical advice: |
$ | 50,123 | $ | 130,190 | ||
| All Other Fees |
||||||
| Aggregate fees for all other services rendered are for information systems reviews, employee benefit plan advisory services and risk management advisory services: |
$ | — | $ | — | ||
| Total: |
$ | 542,278 | $ | 734,149 | ||
| (1) | The aggregate fees included in “Audit” are fees billed for the fiscal years set forth for the audit of our annual financial statements and review of our financial statements and statutory and regulatory filings or engagements. The aggregate fees in each of the other categories are fees billed in the fiscal years set forth. |
Pre-Approval of Services.
Before the independent accountant is engaged by the Company or its subsidiaries to render audit or non-audit services, the Audit Committee shall pre-approve the engagement. Audit Committee pre-approval of audit and non-audit services will not be required if the engagement for the services is entered into pursuant to pre-approval policies and procedures established by the Audit Committee regarding the Company’s engagement of the independent accountant, provided the policies and procedures are detailed as to the particular service, the Audit Committee is informed of each service provided and such policies and procedures do not include delegation of the Audit Committee’s responsibilities under the Exchange Act to the Company’s management. The Audit Committee may delegate to one or more designated members of the Audit Committee the authority to grant pre-approvals, provided such approvals are presented to the Audit Committee at a subsequent meeting. If the Audit Committee elects to establish pre-approval policies and procedures regarding non-audit services, the Audit Committee must be informed of each non-audit service provided by the independent auditor. The Audit Committee pre-approval of non-audit services (other than review and attest services) also will not be required if such services fall within available exceptions established by the SEC.
The Audit Committee has determined the rendering of the tax and other non-audit services by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP is compatible with maintaining the accountant’s independence.
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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
| (a) |
| 1. | Index to Financial Statements |
Please see the accompanying Index to Consolidated Financial Statements, which appears on page 44 of this report. The Report of Independent Auditors, Financial Statements and Notes to Financial Statements which are listed in the Index to Financial Statements and which appear beginning on page 45 of this report are included in Item 8 above.
| 2. | Financial Statement Schedules |
Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 (in thousands):
| Balance at of Year |
Charged to or Other |
Deductions |
Balance at End of Year | |||||||||
| Allowance for doubtful accounts |
||||||||||||
| 2003 |
$ | 181 | $ | 21 | $ | 69 | $ | 133 | ||||
| 2002 |
$ | 208 | $ | 554 | $ | 581 | $ | 181 | ||||
| 2001 |
$ | 195 | $ | 13 | $ | — | $ | 208 | ||||
| Deferred tax asset valuation allowance |
||||||||||||
| 2003 |
$ | 65,121 | $ | 2,708 | $ | — | $ | 67,829 | ||||
| 2002 |
$ | 57,937 | $ | 7,184 | $ | — | $ | 65,121 | ||||
| 2001 |
$ | 30,781 | $ | 27,156 | $ | — | $ | 57,937 | ||||
Schedules not listed have been omitted because the information required to be set forth therein is not applicable or is included in the Financial Statements or notes thereto.
| 3. | Exhibits |
The exhibits listed in the accompanying index to exhibits are filed or incorporated by reference as a part of this annual report.
| (b) | Reports on Form 8-K |
On October 21, 2003, the Company furnished a Current Report on Form 8-K which announced the Company’s financial results for the quarter ended September 30, 2003 and certain other information. A copy of the Company’s press release announcing the financial results and certain other information was attached and incorporated therein by reference.
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Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report on Form 10-K/A to be signed on our behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Cupertino, State of California, on March 29, 2004.
| CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC. | ||
| By: |
/s/ STEPHEN KELLY | |
| Stephen Kelly Chief Executive Officer | ||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report on Form 10-K/A has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and of the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature |
Title |
Date | ||
| /s/ STEPHEN KELLY Stephen Kelly |
Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) |
March 29, 2004 | ||
| /s/ MICHAEL J. SHANNAHAN Michael J. Shannahan |
Chief Executive Officer, Chief Accounting Officer |
March 29, 2004 | ||
| * Samuel T. Spadafora |
Chairman of the Board and Director |
March 29, 2004 | ||
| * David R. Springett |
Director |
March 29, 2004 | ||
| * William Raduchel |
Director |
March 29, 2004 | ||
| * Andrew Eckert |
Director |
March 29, 2004 | ||
| * Steven R. Springsteel |
Director |
March 29, 2004 | ||
| *By: |
/s/ STEPHEN KELLY Stephen Kelly Attorney-in-fact |
|||||||
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INDEX TO EXHIBITS
| Exhibit Number |
Description | |
| 2.1 | Stock Purchase Agreement, dated July 19, 2000, between Chordiant Software, Inc., White Spider Software, Inc. and the Sellers of capital stock of White Spider Software, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 99.1 with Chordiant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (No. 000-29357) filed on August 3, 2000 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 2.2 | Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, dated as of January 8, 2001, by and among Chordiant Software, Inc., Puccini Acquisition Corp. and Prime Response, Inc. (included as Annex A to the joint proxy statement/prospectus filed with Amendment No. 1 to Chordiant’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (No. 333-54856) filed on February 26, 2001 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 2.3 | Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, dated as of March 28, 2002, by and among Chordiant Software, Inc., OnDemand Acquisition Corp. and OnDemand, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 2.1 to Chordiant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 12, 2002 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 3.1 | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Chordiant Software, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 3.1 with Chordiant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-92187) filed on December 6, 1999 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Chordiant Software, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 3.2 with Chordiant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-92187) filed on December 6, 1999 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 4.1 | Specimen Common Stock Certificate (filed as Exhibit 4.2 with Amendment No. 2 to Chordiant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-92187) filed on February 7, 2000 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 4.2 | Warrant agreement, dated August 12, 2002, by and between Chordiant Software, Inc. and International Business Machines Corporation (“IBM”) (filed as Exhibit 4.5 to Chordiant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 15, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 4.3 | Registration Rights Agreement, dated January 22, 2004, by and between Chordiant Software, Inc., and Acqua Wellington Opportunity I Limited (filed as Exhibit 4.5 to Chordiant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 26, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference) | |
| 4.4 | Warrant, dated February 28, 1999, issued to GAP Coinvestment Partners II, L.P. (filed as Exhibit 10.19 with Prime Response’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-92461) filed on December 10, 1999 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 4.5 | Warrant, dated December 9, 1999, issued to General Atlantic Partners 52, L.P. (filed as Exhibit 10.20 with Prime Response’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-92461) filed on December 10, 1999 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 4.6 | Warrant, dated December 9, 1999, issued to Accenture (Formerly known as Andersen Consulting), L.P. (filed as Exhibit 10.25 with Prime Response’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-92461) filed on December 10, 1999 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 4.7 | Warrant, dated December 9, 1999, issued to Accenture (Formerly known as Andersen Consulting), L.P. (filed as Exhibit 10.26 with Prime Response’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-92461) filed on December 10, 1999 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 4.8 | Warrant, dated December 9, 1999, issued to Accenture (Formerly known as Andersen Consulting), L.P. (filed as Exhibit 10.27 with Prime Response’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-92461) filed on December 10, 1999 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
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| Exhibit Number |
Description | |
| 10.1* | 1999 Equity Incentive Plan and Form of Stock Option Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.2 with Chordiant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-92187) filed on December 6, 1999 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 10.2* | 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.3 with Chordiant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-92187) filed on December 6, 1999 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 10.3* | 1999 Non-Employee Directors’ Plan and Form of Stock Option Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.4 with Amendment No. 1 to Chordiant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-92187) filed on January 19, 2000 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 10.4* | 2000 Nonstatutory Equity Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 99.2 with Chordiant’s S-8 Registration Statement (No. 333-42844) filed on August 2, 2000 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 10.5 | Cupertino City Center Net Office Lease, dated June 19, 1998, by and between Cupertino City Center Buildings, as Lessor, and Chordiant Software, Inc., as Lessee (filed as Exhibit 10.5 with Amendment No. 1 to Chordiant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-92187) filed on January 19, 2000 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 10.6* | Employment Letter Agreement of Samuel T. Spadafora, dated April 24, 1998, by Chordiant Software, Inc. and agreed to and accepted by Samuel T. Spadafora (filed as Exhibit 10.8 with Amendment No. 1 to Chordiant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-92187) filed on January 19, 2000 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 10.7 | Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated August 31, 2000, by and between Chordiant Software, Inc. and Imperial Bank (filed as Exhibit 10.14 to Chordiant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 15, 2002 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 10.8 | First Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated October 19, 2001, by and between Chordiant Software, Inc. and Comerica Bank-California, successor in interest to Imperial Bank (filed as Exhibit 10.15 to Chordiant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 15, 2002 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 10.9* | Change of Control Agreement, dated April 27, 2001, by and between Chordiant Software, Inc. and Stephen Kelly (filed as Exhibit 10.16 to Chordiant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 15, 2002 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 10.10* | Change of Control Agreement, dated September 10, 2001, by and between Chordiant Software, Inc. and Sam Spadafora (filed as Exhibit 10.17 to Chordiant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 15, 2002 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 10.11* | Separation Agreement, dated October 20, 2003, by and between Chordiant Software, Inc. and Steve G. Vogel. | |
| 10.12* | Form of Indemnification Agreement, by and between Chordiant Software, Inc. and certain officers and directors of Chordiant Software, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 10.20 to Chordiant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 15, 2002 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 10.13* | Change of Control Agreement, dated May 6, 2002, by and between Chordiant Software, Inc. and Donald J. Morrison (filed as Exhibit 10.23 to Chordiant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 14, 2002 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 10.14* | Employment Letter, dated November 14, 2002, between Chordiant Software, Inc. and Stephen Kelly (filed as Exhibit 10.24 to Chordiant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 14, 2002 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
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| Exhibit Number |
Description | ||
| 10.15* | Form of CEO and CFO Restricted Stock Agreement, dated October 10, 2002, by and between Chordiant Software, Inc. and Stephen Kelly (filed as Exhibit 10.25 to Chordiant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 28, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference). | ||
| 10.16* | Amendment to Change of Control Agreement, dated January 10, 2003, by and between Chordiant Software, Inc. and Stephen Kelly (filed as Exhibit 10.26 to Chordiant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 28, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference). | ||
| 10.17* | Amendment to Change of Control Agreement, dated January 11, 2003, by and between Chordiant Software, Inc. and Don Morrison (filed as Exhibit 10.27 to Chordiant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 28, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference). | ||
| 10.18 | * | Change of Control Agreement, dated April 24, 2003, by and between Chordiant Software, Inc. and Allen Swann (filed as Exhibit 10.29 to Chordiant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 15, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 10.19 | * | Amendment to Change of Control Agreement, dated February 27, 2004, by and between Chordiant Software, Inc. and Samuel T. Spadafora (filed as Exhibit 10.19 to Chordiant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 8, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 10.20 | * | Employment Letter, dated October 27, 2003, by and between Chordiant Software, Inc. and Michael J. Shannahan (filed as Exhibit 10.20 to Chordiant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 8, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference) | |
| 10.21 | Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement by and between Chordiant Software, Inc. and Comerica Bank-California, successor in interest to Imperial Bank, dated March 28, 2003 (filed as Exhibit 10.30 to Chordiant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 14, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference). | ||
| 10.22 | First amendment to Cupertino City Center Net Office Lease, dated December 10, 2003, by and between Cupertino City Center Buildings, as Lessor, and Chordiant Software, Inc., as Lessee (filed as Exhibit 10.22 to Chordiant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 8, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference). | ||
| 10.23 | * | Change of Control Agreement, dated October 27, 2003, by and between Chordiant Software, Inc. and Michael J. Shannahan (filed as Exhibit 10.23 to Chordiant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 8, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference). | |
| 10.24 | * | Employment Letter, dated January 18, 2001, by and between Chordiant Software, Inc. and Allen Swann. | |
| 21.1 | Subsidiaries of Chordiant Software, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 10.21 to Chordiant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 8, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference). | ||
| 23.1 | Consent of Independent Accountants. | ||
| 24.1 | Power of Attorney (filed as Exhibit 24.1 to Chordiant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 8, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference). | ||
| 31.1 | Certification required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule15d-14(a). | ||
| 31.2 | Certification required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule15d-14(a). | ||
| 32.1 | Certification required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule15d-14(a) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. 1350). | ||
| * | Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. |
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