UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2011
OR
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-35000
Walker & Dunlop, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Maryland |
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80-0629925 |
(State or other jurisdiction of |
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(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
incorporation or organization) |
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7501 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 1200E
Bethesda, Maryland 20814
(301) 215-5500
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including
area code, of registrants principal executive offices)
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer o |
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Accelerated filer o |
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Non-accelerated filer x |
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Smaller reporting company o |
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
As of November 7, 2011 there were 22,236,657 total shares of common stock outstanding.
Walker & Dunlop, Inc.
Form 10-Q
INDEX
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Page |
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2 | ||
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
20 | |
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32 | ||
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32 | ||
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33 | ||
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34 | ||
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34 | ||
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35 | ||
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35 | ||
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35 | ||
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35 | ||
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EX-31.1 | ||
EX-31.2 | ||
EX-32 | ||
EX- 101.1 | ||
EX- 101.2 | ||
EX- 101.3 | ||
EX- 101.4 | ||
EX- 101.5 | ||
EX- 101.6 |
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Walker & Dunlop, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
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September 30, |
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December 31, |
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2011 |
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2010 |
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(unaudited) |
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Assets |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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$ |
86,086 |
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$ |
33,285 |
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Restricted cash |
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5,302 |
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4,580 |
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Pledged securities, at fair value |
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17,558 |
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14,281 |
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Loans held for sale, at fair value |
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96,330 |
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302,851 |
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Servicing fees and other receivables, net |
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21,094 |
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13,829 |
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Derivative assets |
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12,926 |
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6,354 |
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Mortgage servicing rights |
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130,375 |
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106,189 |
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Intangible assets |
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1,213 |
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1,266 |
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Other assets |
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5,530 |
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2,985 |
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Total assets |
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$ |
376,414 |
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$ |
485,620 |
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Liabilities and Stockholders Equity |
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Liabilities |
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Accounts payable and other accrued expenses |
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$ |
66,669 |
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$ |
57,713 |
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Performance deposits from borrowers |
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9,558 |
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5,970 |
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Derivative liabilities |
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9,722 |
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1,454 |
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Guaranty obligation, net of accumulated amortization |
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9,669 |
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8,928 |
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Allowance for risk-sharing obligations |
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13,640 |
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10,873 |
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Warehouse notes payable |
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90,119 |
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248,419 |
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Notes payable |
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24,769 |
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27,621 |
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Total liabilities |
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$ |
224,146 |
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$ |
360,978 |
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Stockholders Equity |
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Stockholders equity: |
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Preferred shares. Authorized 50,000,000, none issued |
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$ |
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$ |
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Common stock, $0.01 par value. Authorized 200,000,000; issued and outstanding 21,629,463 shares in 2011 and 21,408,171 shares in 2010 |
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216 |
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214 |
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Additional paid-in capital |
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80,822 |
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77,047 |
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Retained earnings |
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71,230 |
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47,381 |
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Total stockholders equity |
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$ |
152,268 |
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$ |
124,642 |
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Commitments and contingencies |
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Total liabilities and stockholders equity |
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$ |
376,414 |
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$ |
485,620 |
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See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
Walker & Dunlop, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
(Unaudited)
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For the three months ended |
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For the nine months ended |
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2011 |
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2010 |
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2011 |
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2010 |
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Revenues |
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Gains from mortgage banking activities |
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$ |
21,562 |
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$ |
12,332 |
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$ |
69,678 |
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$ |
58,545 |
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Servicing fees |
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8,757 |
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6,989 |
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24,517 |
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19,769 |
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Net warehouse interest income |
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1,052 |
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771 |
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2,828 |
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2,944 |
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Escrow earnings and other interest income |
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342 |
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518 |
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1,115 |
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1,632 |
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Other |
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1,643 |
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1,554 |
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6,621 |
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2,889 |
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Total revenues |
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$ |
33,356 |
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$ |
22,164 |
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$ |
104,759 |
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$ |
85,779 |
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Expenses |
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Personnel |
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$ |
11,343 |
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$ |
5,464 |
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$ |
33,413 |
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$ |
28,877 |
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Amortization and depreciation |
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6,267 |
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4,231 |
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16,258 |
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12,394 |
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Provision for risk-sharing obligations |
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937 |
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1,817 |
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3,447 |
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4,397 |
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Interest expense on corporate debt |
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180 |
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342 |
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646 |
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1,039 |
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Other operating expenses |
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4,977 |
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3,253 |
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12,260 |
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9,546 |
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Total expenses |
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$ |
23,704 |
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$ |
15,107 |
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$ |
66,024 |
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$ |
56,253 |
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Income from operations |
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$ |
9,652 |
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$ |
7,057 |
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$ |
38,735 |
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$ |
29,526 |
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Income tax expense |
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3,573 |
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14,886 |
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Net income |
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$ |
6,079 |
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$ |
7,057 |
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$ |
23,849 |
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$ |
29,526 |
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Basic and diluted earnings per share |
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$ |
0.28 |
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$ |
0.48 |
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$ |
1.10 |
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$ |
2.00 |
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Basic weighted average shares outstanding |
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21,629,463 |
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14,741,504 |
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21,614,062 |
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14,741,504 |
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Diluted weighted average shares outstanding |
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21,782,383 |
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14,741,504 |
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21,727,540 |
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14,741,504 |
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Pro forma net income data |
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Income from operations, as reported |
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$ |
7,057 |
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$ |
29,526 |
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Pro forma adjustments for income tax expense |
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2,682 |
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11,220 |
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Pro forma net income |
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$ |
4,375 |
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$ |
18,306 |
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Pro forma basic and diluted earnings per share |
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$ |
0.30 |
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$ |
1.24 |
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See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
Walker & Dunlop, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
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Nine Months Ended September 30, |
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2011 |
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2010 |
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Cash flows from operating activities: |
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Net income |
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$ |
23,849 |
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$ |
29,526 |
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Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |
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Gain attributable to fair value of future servicing rights, net of guaranty obligation |
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(37,328 |
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(29,846 |
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Prepayment of mortgage servicing rights |
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235 |
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733 |
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Provision for risk-sharing obligations |
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3,447 |
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4,397 |
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Amortization and depreciation |
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16,258 |
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11,661 |
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Originations of loans held for sale |
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(2,007,164 |
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(1,746,683 |
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Sales of loans to third parties |
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2,213,038 |
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1,724,298 |
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Stock compensation |
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1,724 |
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Cash paid to settle risk-sharing obligations |
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(680 |
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(2,148 |
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Changes in: |
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Restricted cash and pledged securities |
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(3,999 |
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2,341 |
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Servicing fees and other receivables |
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(7,595 |
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2,046 |
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Derivative fair value adjustments |
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319 |
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2,514 |
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Intangible and other assets |
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(1,061 |
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(1,377 |
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Accounts payable and other accruals |
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8,956 |
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1,357 |
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Performance deposits from borrowers |
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3,588 |
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(587 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |
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$ |
213,587 |
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$ |
(1,768 |
) |
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Cash flows from investing activities: |
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Capital expenditures |
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$ |
(1,686 |
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$ |
(453 |
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Net cash used in investing activities |
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$ |
(1,686 |
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$ |
(453 |
) |
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Cash flows from financing activities: |
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Borrowings from (repayments of) warehouse notes payable, net |
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$ |
(158,300 |
) |
$ |
22,496 |
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Repayments of notes payable, net |
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(2,853 |
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(3,993 |
) | ||
Dividends |
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(6,628 |
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Cash distributed to Column Guaranteed, LLC |
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(158 |
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Proceeds from issuance of common stock |
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2,053 |
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Other, net |
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172 |
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Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities |
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$ |
(159,100 |
) |
$ |
11,889 |
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Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |
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$ |
52,801 |
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$ |
9,668 |
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Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
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33,285 |
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10,390 |
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Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
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$ |
86,086 |
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$ |
20,058 |
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Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information: |
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Cash paid to third parties for interest |
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$ |
2,869 |
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$ |
4,323 |
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Cash paid for taxes |
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$ |
10,956 |
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$ |
|
|
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 1ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
These financial statements represent the condensed consolidated financial position and results of operations of Walker & Dunlop, Inc. and its subsidiaries. Unless the context otherwise requires, references to we, us, our, Walker & Dunlop and the Company mean the Walker & Dunlop consolidated companies. The statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. Because the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP, they should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals except as otherwise noted herein) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the Company in the interim periods presented have been included. Results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2011, or thereafter.
Concurrently with the closing of our initial public offering in December 2010, the investors in the Walker & Dunlop predecessor entities individually and collectively combined the predecessor entities, which had been previously operated and reported as companies under common control (the Formation Transaction, Note 7). These investors exchanged their member interests for their pro rata interest, adjusted for company specific debt included in the transaction, in 14,741,504 shares in the newly formed company, Walker & Dunlop. This transaction was reported for accounting purposes as a combination of companies under common control and the stock issuance was reported as a stock-split. In accordance with GAAP, all financial reports have been prepared as if the combination of the companies under common control and subsequent stock split had occurred prior to the earliest period presented; certain amounts have been reclassified to conform to the new presentation. The predecessor companies continue to exist as wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company.
We are one of the leading providers of commercial real estate financial services in the United States, with a primary focus on multifamily lending. We originate, sell and service a range of multifamily and other commercial real estate financing products. Our clients are owners and developers of commercial real estate across the country. We originate pursuant to the programs of Fannie Mae and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac, and together with Fannie Mae, the government-sponsored enterprises, or the GSEs) and the Federal Housing Administration, a division of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), with which we have long-established relationships. We retain servicing rights and asset management responsibilities on nearly all loans that we sell to GSEs and HUD. We are approved as a Fannie Mae Delegated Underwriting and Servicing (DUSTM) lender nationally, a Freddie Mac Program Plus lender in seven states, the District of Columbia and the metropolitan New York area and a HUD Multifamily Accelerated Processing (MAP) lender nationally. We also originate and service loans for a number of life insurance companies and other institutional investors, in which cases we do not fund the loan but rather act as a loan broker.
In July 2011, we announced our interim loan program, under which we will fund interim loans to borrowers for terms of up to two years, using a combination of our capital and credit facilities. These loans will be classified as held for investment on our balance sheet during such time that they are outstanding. As of September 30, 2011, we had no loans held for investment under the interim loan program.
W&D Balanced Real Estate Fund I GP, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary, has a general partnership interest in a partnership that invests in commercial real estate. The Company can be removed as general partner at the sole discretion of one of the limited partners. Accordingly, we apply the equity method of accounting to this investment.
NOTE 2SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Principles of ConsolidationThe condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company as defined in Note 1. All material intercompany transactions have been eliminated. We have evaluated all subsequent events.
Use of EstimatesThe preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, including guaranty obligations, capitalized mortgage servicing rights, derivative instruments and hedging relationships, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results may vary from these estimates.
Comprehensive IncomeFor the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, comprehensive income equaled net income; therefore, a separate statement of comprehensive income is not included in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.
Concentrations of Credit RiskFinancial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, loans held for sale and derivative financial instruments.
The Company places its cash and temporary investments with high-credit-quality financial institutions and believes that no significant credit risk exists. The counterparties to the loans held for sale and funding commitments are owners of commercial and multifamily properties located throughout the United States. Mortgage loans are generally transferred or sold within 45 days from the date that a mortgage loan is funded.
There is no material counterparty risk with respect to the Companys funding commitments in that each potential borrower must make a non-refundable good faith deposit when the funding commitment is executed. The counterparty to the forward sale is generally an investment bank. There is a risk that the purchase price agreed to by Fannie Mae or the other investor will be reduced in the event of a late delivery. The risk for non-delivery of a loan primarily results from the risk that a borrower does not close on the funding commitment in a timely manner, which is a risk that is generally mitigated by the non-refundable good faith deposit.
Loans Held for SaleLoans held for sale represent originated loans that are generally transferred or sold within 45 days from the date that a mortgage loan is funded. We initially measure all originated loans at fair value. Subsequent to initial measurement, we measure all mortgage loans at fair value, unless we document at the time the loan is originated that we will measure the specific loan at the lower of cost or fair market value for the life of the loan. Electing to use fair value allows a better offset of the change in fair value of the loan and the change in fair value of the derivative instruments used as economic hedges. During the period prior to its sale, interest income on a loan held for sale is calculated in accordance with the terms of the individual loan. There were no loans that were valued at the lower of cost or market or on a non-accrual status at September 30, 2011 or December 31, 2010.
Gains from Mortgage Banking ActivitiesMortgage banking activity income is recognized when we record a derivative asset upon the firm commitment to originate a loan with a borrower and sell the loan to an investor. This commitment asset is recognized at fair value, which reflects the fair value of the contractual loan origination related fees and sale premiums, net of co-broker fees, and the estimated fair value of the expected net future cash flows associated with servicing of loans net of the estimated future cash flows associated with the risk-sharing obligations. Loans originated in a brokerage capacity tend to have lower origination fees because they often require less time to execute, there is more competition for brokerage assignments and because the borrower will also have to pay an origination fee to the ultimate institutional lender. Also included in gains from mortgage banking activities are changes to the fair value of loan commitments, forward sale commitments, and loans held for sale that occur during their respective holding periods. Upon sale of the loans, no gains or losses are recognized as such loans are recorded at fair value during their holding periods. Mortgage servicing rights and guaranty obligations are recognized as assets or liabilities, respectively, upon the sale of the loans.
The co-broker fees for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 were $3.6 million and $17.4 million, respectively; and were $2.9 million and $11.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010, respectively.
Transfer of financial assets is reported as a sale when (a) the transferor surrenders control over those assets and (b) consideration other than beneficial interests in the transferred assets is received in exchange. The transferor is considered to have surrendered control over transferred assets if, and only if, certain conditions are met. The Company has determined that all loans sold have met these specific conditions and accounts for all transfers of mortgage loans and mortgage participations as completed sales.
When a mortgage loan is sold, and the Company retains the right to service the loan, the Company initially recognizes the mortgage servicing right (MSR) at fair value. Subsequent to the initial measurement date, mortgage servicing assets are amortized using the effective interest method.
Guaranty obligation and allowance for risk-sharing obligationsWhen a loan is sold under the Fannie Mae DUS program, the Company undertakes an obligation to partially guarantee the performance of the loan. At inception, a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guaranty is recognized. The fair value includes the Companys obligation to stand ready to perform over the term of the guaranty (the non-contingent guaranty), and the Companys obligation to make future payments should those triggering events or conditions occur (contingent guaranty). Historically the contingent guaranty recognized at inception has been de minimis. In determining the fair value of the guaranty obligation, we consider the risk profile of the collateral, historical loss experience, and various market indicators. Generally, the estimated fair value of the guaranty obligation is based on the present value of the future cash flows expected to be paid under the guaranty over the estimated life of the loan (historically three to five basis points per year) discounted using a 12-15 percent discount rate. The discount rate and estimated life used are consistent with those used for the calculation of the MSR for each loan.
Subsequent to the initial measurement date, the Companys guaranty obligation liability is amortized over the life of the guaranty period using the straight-line method; we evaluate the allowance for risk-sharing obligations by monitoring the performance of each loan for events or conditions which may signal a potential default. In instances where payment under the guaranty on a specific loan is determined to be probable and estimable, we record an additional liability for the estimated allowance for risk-sharing
through a charge to the provision for risk-sharing obligations, along with a write-off of the associated loan-specific MSR (Note 5).
Share-Based PaymentThe Company recognizes compensation costs for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors, including employee stock options and other forms of equity compensation based on the grant date fair value.
Under the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan, the Company has granted restricted share and stock option awards. Restricted share awards were granted without cost to the Companys officers, employees and non-employee directors, for which the fair value of the award was calculated as the difference between the market value of the Companys common stock on the date of grant and the purchase price to be paid by the grantee. The Companys restricted share awards for its officers and employees vest, predicated on continued employment, over a period of three years. Restricted share awards for non-employee directors fully vest after one year.
Stock option awards were granted to officers and certain employees, with an exercise price equal to the closing price of the Companys common stock on the date of the grant, and were granted for a ten-year term, vesting ratably over three years dependent solely on continued employment. To estimate the grant-date fair value of stock options, the Company uses the Black-Scholes pricing model. The Black-Scholes model estimates the per share fair value of an option on its date of grant based on the following inputs: the options exercise price, the price of the underlying stock on the date of the grant, the estimated option term, the estimated dividend yield, a risk-free interest rate and the expected volatility. For the risk-free rate, the Company uses a U.S. Treasury strip due in a number of years equal to the options expected term. To determine the expected volatility, the Company has calculated the volatility of the common stock price of a group of peer companies, as the Company has insufficient historical data for its common stock at this time to develop an expectation of volatility over the expected term of the options granted solely based on the historical volatility of its own common stock.
Compensation expense is adjusted for estimated forfeitures and is recognized on a straight-line basis, for the entire award, over the requisite service period of the award. Forfeiture assumptions are evaluated on a quarterly basis and updated as necessary. Compensation is recognized within the income statement as Personnel expense, the same expense line as the cash compensation paid to the respective employees.
Income TaxesPrior to the closing of the Formation Transaction on December 20, 2010, the predecessor entities to the Company elected pass-through tax status under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and the various states in which they are qualified to do business. As pass through entities, the Companys predecessors were subject to insignificant federal, state and local income taxes as the owners separately accounted for their pro-rata share of the Companys items of income, deductions, losses and credits on their individual returns. Therefore, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010, no provision was made in the accompanying financial statements for liabilities for federal, state and local income taxes because such liabilities were the responsibility of the individual owners. The Company files income tax returns in the applicable U.S. federal, state and local jurisdictions and generally is subject to examination by the respective jurisdictions for three years from the filing of a tax return.
Following the closing of the Formation Transaction, we account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities from a change in tax rates is recognized in earnings in the period when the new rate is enacted (see Note 7 for policy on pro forma income taxes).
Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is more likely than not that they will be realizable based on consideration of available evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies. Net deferred tax liabilities are included in Accounts payable and other accrued expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
We had no accruals for tax uncertainties as of September 30, 2011 or December 31, 2010.
Net Warehouse Interest IncomeThe Company presents warehouse interest income net of warehouse interest expense. Warehouse interest income is the interest earned from loans that are held for sale. Substantially all loans that are held for sale are financed with matched borrowings under our warehouse facilities incurred to fund a specific loan held for sale. Warehouse interest expense is incurred on borrowings used to fund loans solely while they are held for sale. Warehouse interest income and expense are earned or incurred after a loan is closed and before a loan is sold. Included in net warehouse interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 are the following components (in thousands):
|
|
For the three months ended September 30, |
|
For the nine months ended September 30, |
| ||||||||
|
|
2011 |
|
2010 |
|
2011 |
|
2010 |
| ||||
Warehouse interest income |
|
$ |
2,654 |
|
$ |
2,255 |
|
$ |
6,755 |
|
$ |
6,380 |
|
Warehouse interest expense |
|
1,602 |
|
1,484 |
|
3,927 |
|
3,436 |
| ||||
Net warehouse interest income |
|
$ |
1,052 |
|
$ |
771 |
|
$ |
2,828 |
|
$ |
2,944 |
|
Recently Issued Accounting PronouncementsIn January 2010, the FASB issued ASU 2010-06, Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements. ASU 2010-06 amends ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, and requires new disclosures about recurring or nonrecurring fair value measurements, to include transfers in and out of Levels 1 and 2, a reconciliation for fair value measurements using Level 3 inputs, and clarifies disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. ASU 2010-06 is effective for interim and fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2010. The adoption of this guidance expanded our disclosures regarding fair value measurements (Note 9) but did not have a material impact on our financial statements.
In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-04, Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (Topic 820) Fair Value Measurement, to provide a consistent definition of fair value and ensure that the fair value measurement and disclosure requirements are similar between U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. ASU 2011-04 changes certain fair value measurement principles and enhances disclosure requirements, particularly for Level 3 measurements. ASU 2011-04 is effective for interim and fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2011 and must be applied prospectively. The adoption of this guidance will not have a material impact on our financial statements.
In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-05, Presentation of Comprehensive Income. ASU No. 2011-05 amends the guidance within ASC Topic 220, Comprehensive Income, to eliminate the option to present the components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of shareholders equity. ASU No. 2011-05 requires that all nonowner changes in shareholders equity be presented in either a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. ASU 2011-05 is effective for interim and fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The adoption of ASU No. 2011-05 will not have a material impact on our financial statements as it will only impact the format of the current presentation.
NOTE 3GAINS FROM MORTGAGE BANKING ACTIVITIES
The gains from mortgage banking activities consist of the following activity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 (in thousands):
|
|
For the three months ended |
|
For the nine months ended |
| ||||||||
|
|
2011 |
|
2010 |
|
2011 |
|
2010 |
| ||||
Contractual loan origination related fees, net |
|
$ |
9,657 |
|
$ |
5,089 |
|
$ |
32,350 |
|
$ |
29,933 |
|
Fair value of expected future cash flows from servicing recognized at commitment |
|
12,664 |
|
7,746 |
|
39,214 |
|
30,103 |
| ||||
Fair value of expected guaranty obligation |
|
(759 |
) |
(503 |
) |
(1,886 |
) |
(1,491 |
) | ||||
Total gains from mortgage banking activities |
|
$ |
21,562 |
|
$ |
12,332 |
|
$ |
69,678 |
|
$ |
58,545 |
|
NOTE 4MORTGAGE SERVICING RIGHTS
Mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) represent the fair value of the servicing rights retained by the Company for mortgage loans originated and sold. The capitalized amount is equal to the estimated fair value of the expected net future cash flows associated with the servicing rights. The following describes the key assumptions used in calculating each loans MSR:
Discount rateDepending upon loan type, the discount rate used is managements best estimate of market discount rates. The rates used for loans originated were 10% to 15% for each of the three and nine month periods presented.
Estimated LifeThe estimated life of the MSRs approximates the stated maturity date of the underlying loan and may be reduced based upon the expiration of various types of make-whole payment lockout provisions prior to that stated maturity date.
Servicing CostThe estimated future cost to service the loan for the estimated life of the MSRs is subtracted from the expected future cash flows.
The fair value of the MSRs was $154.0 million and $125.1 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. The Company uses a discounted static cash flow valuation approach and the key economic assumption is the discount rate. For example see the following sensitivities:
The impact of a 100 basis point increase in the discount rate at September 30, 2011 is a decrease in the fair value of $4.3 million.
The impact of a 200 basis point increase in the discount rate at September 30, 2011 is a decrease in the fair value of $8.5 million.
Activity related to capitalized MSRs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 was as follows (in thousands):
|
|
For the three months ended |
|
For the nine months ended |
| ||||||||
|
|
2011 |
|
2010 |
|
2011 |
|
2010 |
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Beginning balance |
|
$ |
118,597 |
|
$ |
90,272 |
|
$ |
106,189 |
|
$ |
81,427 |
|
Additions, following the sale of loan |
|
18,187 |
|
13,837 |
|
41,319 |
|
31,622 |
| ||||
Amortization |
|
(5,768 |
) |
(4,314 |
) |
(15,937 |
) |
(11,992 |
) | ||||
Pre-payments and write-offs |
|
(641 |
) |
(113 |
) |
(1,196 |
) |
(1,375 |
) | ||||
Ending balance |
|
$ |
130,375 |
|
$ |
99,682 |
|
$ |
130,375 |
|
$ |
99,682 |
|
The MSRs are being amortized in proportion to, and over the period, that the net servicing income is expected to be received using the effective interest method. The Company reported write-offs of MSRs related to loans that were repaid prior to the expected maturity or the servicing rights being sold. These write-offs are included with the amortization and depreciation expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income.
Management reviews the capitalized MSRs for impairment quarterly. MSRs are measured for impairment on an asset-by-asset basis, considering factors such as debt service coverage ratio, property location, loan-to-value ratio and property type. In addition, at each reporting period, we compare the aggregate carrying value of the MSR portfolio to the aggregate estimated fair value of the portfolio. No impairments other than write-offs discussed above have been recognized for the periods presented.
NOTE 5GUARANTY OBLIGATION AND ALLOWANCE FOR RISK-SHARING OBLIGATIONS
When a loan is sold under the Fannie Mae DUS program, the Company typically agrees to guarantee a portion of the ultimate loss incurred on the loan should the borrower fail to perform. The compensation for this risk is a component of the servicing fee on the loan. No guaranty is provided for loans sold under the Freddie Mac or HUD loan programs, or those loans the Company originates in a brokerage capacity.
A summary of our guaranty obligation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 is as follows (in thousands):
|
|
For the three months ended |
|
For the nine months ended |
| ||||||||
|
|
2011 |
|
2010 |
|
2011 |
|
2010 |
| ||||
Beginning balance |
|
$ |
9,398 |
|
$ |
8,502 |
|
$ |
8,928 |
|
$ |
8,751 |
|
Guaranty obligation recognized |
|
740 |
|
574 |
|
2,019 |
|
1,577 |
| ||||
Amortization of guaranty obligation |
|
(470 |
) |
(297 |
) |
(1,279 |
) |
(1,549 |
) | ||||
Ending Balance |
|
$ |
9,668 |
|
$ |
8,779 |
|
$ |
9,668 |
|
$ |
8,779 |
|
We evaluate the allowance for risk-sharing obligations by monitoring the performance of each loan for triggering events or conditions that may signal a potential default. In situations where payment under the guaranty is probable and estimable on a specific
loan, we record an additional liability for the estimated allowance for risk-sharing through a charge to the provision for risk-sharing obligations in the income statement, along with a write-off of the loan-specific MSR. The amount of the provision reflects our assessment of the likelihood of payment by the borrower, the estimated disposition value of the underlying collateral and the level of risk-sharing. Historically, initial loss recognition occurs at or before the loan becoming 60 days delinquent. We regularly monitor risk-sharing obligations on all loans and update our loss estimates as current information is received. A summary of our allowance for risk-sharing for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 is as follows (in thousands):
|
|
For the three months ended |
|
For the nine months ended |
| ||||||||
|
|
2011 |
|
2010 |
|
2011 |
|
2010 |
| ||||
Beginning balance |
|
$ |
13,383 |
|
$ |
5,984 |
|
$ |
10,873 |
|
$ |
5,552 |
|
Provision for risk sharing obligations |
|
937 |
|
1,817 |
|
3,447 |
|
4,397 |
| ||||
Write-offs |
|
(680 |
) |
|
|
(680 |
) |
(2,148 |
) | ||||
Ending Balance |
|
$ |
13,640 |
|
$ |
7,801 |
|
$ |
13,640 |
|
$ |
7,801 |
|
As of September 30, 2011, the maximum quantifiable contingent liability associated with the Companys guarantees under the Fannie Mae DUS agreement was $1.4 billion. The maximum quantifiable contingent liability is not representative of the actual loss we would incur. We would be liable for this amount only if all of the loans we service for Fannie Mae, for which we retain some risk of loss, were to default and all of the collateral underlying these loans was determined to be without value at the time of settlement.
NOTE 6SERVICING
The total unpaid principal balance of loans the Company was servicing for various institutional investors was $15.9 billion as of September 30, 2011.
NOTE 7FORMATION TRANSACTION
As part of the Formation Transaction, the Company was incorporated in Maryland on July 29, 2010, and had no activity other than its initial capitalization prior to the Companys initial public offering, which was completed on December 20, 2010. Concurrently with the closing of our initial public offering in December 2010, the investors in the Walker & Dunlop predecessor entities individually and collectively combined the predecessor entities which had been previously operated and reported as companies under common control. These investors exchanged their member interests for their pro rata interest, adjusted for company specific debt included in the transaction, in 14,741,504 shares in the newly formed company. This transaction was reported for accounting purposes as a combination of companies under common control and the stock issuance was reported as a stock-split. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, all financial reports have been prepared as if the stock-split and the combination of the companies under common control had occurred prior to the earliest period presented; certain amounts have been reclassified to conform to the new presentation. The predecessor companies continue to exist as wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company.
On January 19, 2011, we issued an additional 221,292 shares of common stock at $10.00 per share upon the partial exercise of the overallotment option by the underwriters. We received net proceeds of approximately $2.1 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $0.2 million.
Pro forma basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share for periods prior to the December 20, 2010 closing of our initial public offering are computed by dividing pro forma net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the periods presented, after reclassification for the Formation Transaction and stock split. Changes in ownership interests during any period are weighted for the portion of the period that shares were outstanding. For purposes of this pro forma presentation, pro forma income taxes were computed as if the predecessor companies income from operations had been taxed at the corporate level at a composite rate of 38%, rather than at the individual investor level for the pass-through entities.
NOTE 8NOTES PAYABLE
To provide financing to borrowers under GSE and HUD programs, the Company has arranged for warehouse lines of credit in the amount of $300 million with certain national banks. In support of each of these credit facilities, the Company has pledged substantially all of its loans held for sale under the Companys approved programs. At September 30, 2011, warehouse borrowings aggregated $90.1 million under the bank facilities. The borrowing rates under these warehouse facilities continue to be computed based on the average 30-day LIBOR plus 1.15% to 2.50%. For the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, the Company incurred interest expense on its warehouse facilities of $1.6 million and $1.5 million; and for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, the Company incurred interest expense on its warehouse facilities of $3.9 million and $3.4 million, respectively.
Included in interest expense were loan fees of $0.3 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010; and fees of $0.8 million and $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The notes payable are subject to various financial covenants and the Company was in compliance with all such covenants at September 30, 2011.
Warehouse Facilities
On March 16, 2011, the Company amended its master purchase and sale agreement which was scheduled to mature June 30, 2011. The amendment extended the maturity date of the purchase and sale agreement from June 30, 2011 to March 16, 2012, and reduced the rate for financing under the agreement to the average 30-day LIBOR plus 250 basis points.
On May 11, 2011, the Company amended its committed warehouse line agreement which matures on November 28, 2011. The amendment reduced the rate for borrowing under the agreement to the average 30-day LIBOR plus 200 basis points and modified certain covenants. Following the amendment, the warehouse line agreement requires compliance with the following financial covenants:
· minimum tangible net worth of $100 million,
· maximum indebtedness to tangible net worth of 2.25 to 1.0,
· minimum unrestricted liquidity of $10 million, and
· aggregate unpaid principal amount of Fannie Mae DUS mortgage loans which are sixty days or more past due or otherwise in default not to exceed 2% of the outstanding principal balance of all Fannie Mae DUS mortgage loans.
On June 29, 2011, the Company amended its committed warehouse line agreement which was scheduled to mature on June 29, 2011. The amendment, among other things, extended the maturity date of the warehouse agreement to June 29, 2012, and modified covenants such that they are now measured at the Company level, rather than the operating subsidiary. A May 12, 2011 amendment to the warehouse line agreement reduced the rate for borrowing under the agreement to the average 30-day LIBOR plus 200 basis points and modified certain covenants. Following the amendments, the warehouse line agreement requires compliance with the following financial covenants:
· minimum tangible net worth of $100 million,
· maximum indebtedness to tangible net worth of 2.25 to 1.0,
· minimum unrestricted liquidity of $10 million,
· minimum EBITDA of $12 million (on an annualized basis),
· minimum EBITDA to total debt service ratio of 3.00 to 1.0,
· aggregate unpaid principal amount of Fannie Mae DUS mortgage loans which are sixty days or more past due or otherwise in default not to exceed 2% of the outstanding principal balance of all Fannie Mae DUS mortgage loans,
· minimum servicing portfolio unpaid principal balance of $11 billion and Fannie Mae DUS mortgage loan servicing portfolio unpaid principal balance of $7.5 billion, and
· a maximum loan-to-servicing-value ratio of 40%.
On June 24, 2011, the Company entered into a new committed warehouse line agreement to fund a specific loan origination. The rate for borrowings under the agreement was the average 30-day LIBOR plus 200 basis points. The warehouse line matured fifteen days following the funding of the specified loan origination, at which time the Company repaid all outstanding borrowings and accrued interest.
On July 21, 2011, the Company entered into a warehouse agreement to provide for warehousing advances in an aggregate amount outstanding at any time of up to $35 million, which matures on July 21, 2013, subject to one year extensions at the lenders discretion. The facility will support the Companys lending activities under its interim loan program, whereby it will make first mortgage loans on multifamily real estate properties for periods of up to two years, using available cash in combination with advances under the facility. All borrowings accrue interest at the average 30-day LIBOR plus 250 basis points. Repayments under the facility are interest-only, with principal repayments made upon the earlier of the refinancing of an underlying mortgage or the maturity of an advance under the facility. Upon the occurrence of certain credit events, including but not limited to a default under a pledged mortgage or a foreclosure of an underlying property, the sale, disposition or repayment of a pledged mortgage or the failure to meet certain appraisal requirements, earlier repayment of facility advances may be required. Borrowings under the facility are fully recourse to the Company. The loan documents require the Company to comply with the following financial covenants:
· minimum tangible net worth of $100 million,
· maximum indebtedness to tangible net worth of 2.25 to 1.0,
· minimum cash and cash equivalents of $10 million,
· minimum EBITDA to total debt service ratio of 2.00 to 1.0, and
· aggregate unpaid principal amount of Fannie Mae DUS mortgage loans which are sixty days or more past due or
otherwise in default not to exceed 2% of the outstanding principal balance of all Fannie Mae DUS mortgage loans.
Debt Obligations
On May 11, 2011, the Company amended its $42.5 million term note agreement which was originally scheduled to mature on October 31, 2011. The amendment reduced the rate for borrowing under the agreement to the average 30-day LIBOR plus 250 basis points and extended the maturity date to October 31, 2015. Following the amendment, the term note agreement requires compliance with the following financial covenants:
· minimum tangible net worth of $100 million,
· minimum unrestricted liquidity requirement of $10 million,
· minimum EBITDA of $12 million (on an annualized basis),
· minimum EBITDA to total debt service ratio of 3.00 to 1.0,
· aggregate unpaid principal amount of Fannie Mae DUS mortgage loans which are sixty days or more past due or otherwise in default not to exceed 2% of the outstanding principal balance of all Fannie Mae DUS mortgage loans,
· minimum servicing portfolio unpaid principal balance of $11 billion and Fannie Mae DUS mortgage loan servicing portfolio unpaid principal balance of $7.5 billion, and
· a maximum loan-to-servicing-value ratio of 40%.
All of the ownership interests in Walker & Dunlop, LLC, the Companys wholly owned subsidiary, are pledged as collateral for the note. The loan has annual principal reductions of $3.6 million. As of September 30, 2011, the outstanding term note balance was $24.3 million.
NOTE 9FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The Company uses valuation techniques that are consistent with the market approach, the income approach and/or the cost approach to measure assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value. Inputs to valuation techniques refer to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Inputs may be observable, meaning those that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from independent sources, or unobservable, meaning those that reflect the reporting entitys own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. In that regard, accounting standards establish a fair value hierarchy for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:
· Level 1Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access.
· Level 2Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (such as interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, credit risks, etc.) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market data by correlation or other means.
· Level 3Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall valuation.
The Companys MSRs are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. That is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment). The Companys MSRs do not trade in an active, open market with readily observable prices. While sales of MSRs do occur, precise terms and conditions vary with each transaction and are not readily available. Accordingly, the estimated fair value of MSRs was developed using discounted cash flow models that calculate the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The model considers contractually specified servicing fees, prepayment assumptions, delinquency rates, late charges, other ancillary revenue, costs to service and other economic factors. The Company reassesses and periodically adjusts the underlying inputs and assumptions used in the model to reflect observable market conditions and assumptions that a market participant would consider in valuing an MSR asset. MSRs are carried at the lower of amortized cost or estimated fair value.
A description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below:
· Derivative InstrumentsThe derivative positions consist of interest rate lock commitments and forward sale agreements.
These instruments are valued using a discounted cash flow model developed based on changes in the U.S. Treasury rate and other observable market data. The value was determined after considering the potential impact of collateralization, adjusted to reflect nonperformance risk of both the counterparty and the Company and are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.
· Loans held for saleThe loans held for sale are reported at fair value. The Company determines the fair value of the loans held for sale using discounted cash flow models that incorporate quoted observable prices from market participants. Therefore, the Company classifies these loans held for sale as Level 2.
· Pledged SecuritiesThe pledged securities are valued using quoted market prices from recent trades. Therefore, the Company classifies pledged securities as Level 1.
The following table summarizes financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy used to measure fair value (in thousands):
|
|
Quoted Prices in |
|
Significant |
|
Significant |
|
|
| ||||
|
|
Active Markets |
|
Other |
|
Other |
|
|
| ||||
|
|
For Identical |
|
Observable |
|
Unobservable |
|
|
| ||||
|
|
Assets |
|
Inputs |
|
Inputs |
|
Balance as of |
| ||||
|
|
(Level 1) |
|
(Level 2) |
|
(Level 3) |
|
Period End |
| ||||
September 30, 2011 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Loans held for sale |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
96,330 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
96,330 |
|
Pledged securities |
|
17,558 |
|
|
|
|
|
17,558 |
| ||||
Derivative assets |
|
|
|
|
|
12,926 |
|
12,926 |
| ||||
Total |
|
$ |
17,558 |
|
$ |
96,330 |
|
$ |
12,926 |
|
$ |
126,814 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Derivative liabilities |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
9,722 |
|
$ |
9,722 |
|
Total |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
9,722 |
|
$ |
9,722 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
December 31, 2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Loans held for sale |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
302,851 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
302,851 |
|
Pledged securities |
|
14,281 |
|
|
|
|
|
14,281 |
| ||||
Derivative assets |
|
|
|
|
|
6,354 |
|
6,354 |
| ||||
Total |
|
$ |
14,281 |
|
$ |
302,851 |
|
$ |
6,354 |
|
$ |
323,486 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Derivative liabilities |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
1,454 |
|
$ |
1,454 |
|
Total |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
1,454 |
|
$ |
1,454 |
|
Derivative instruments (Level 3) are outstanding for short periods of time (generally less than 45 days) and are not outstanding for more than one period. A roll forward of derivative instruments which require valuations based upon significant unobservable inputs, is presented below (in thousands):
|
|
Fair Value Measurements |
| |
|
|
Using Significant |
| |
|
|
Unobservable Inputs: |
| |
|
|
Derivative Instruments |
| |
|
|
September 30, 2011 |
| |
Derivative assets and liabilities, net |
|
|
| |
Beginning balance, December 31, 2010 |
|
$ |
4,900 |
|
Transfers in (out) of Level 3 |
|
|
| |
Purchases |
|
|
| |
Sales |
|
|
| |
Issuances |
|
|
| |
Settlements |
|
(71,374 |
) | |
Realized gains (losses) recorded in earnings |
|
66,474 |
| |
Unrealized gains (losses) recorded in earnings |
|
3,204 |
| |
Ending balance, September 30, 2011 |
|
$ |
3,204 |
|
The carrying amounts and the fair values of the Companys financial instruments as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 are presented below (in thousands):
|
|
September 30, 2011 |
| ||||
|
|
Carrying |
|
Fair |
| ||
|
|
Amount |
|
Value |
| ||
Financial Assets: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
86,086 |
|
$ |
86,086 |
|
Restricted cash |
|
5,302 |
|
5,302 |
| ||
Pledged securities |
|
17,558 |
|
17,558 |
| ||
Loans held for sale |
|
96,330 |
|
96,330 |
| ||
Derivative assets |
|
12,926 |
|
12,926 |
| ||
Total |
|
$ |
218,202 |
|
$ |
218,202 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Financial Liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Derivative liabilities |
|
$ |
9,722 |
|
$ |
9,722 |
|
Warehouse notes payable |
|
90,119 |
|
90,119 |
| ||
Notes payable |
|
24,769 |
|
24,769 |
| ||
Total |
|
$ |
124,610 |
|
$ |
124,610 |
|
|
|
December 31, 2010 |
| ||||
|
|
Carrying |
|
Fair |
| ||
|
|
Amount |
|
Value |
| ||
Financial Assets: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
33,285 |
|
$ |
33,285 |
|
Restricted cash |
|
4,580 |
|
4,580 |
| ||
Pledged securities |
|
14,281 |
|
14,281 |
| ||
Loans held for sale |
|
302,851 |
|
302,851 |
| ||
Derivative assets |
|
6,354 |
|
6,354 |
| ||
Total |
|
$ |
361,351 |
|
$ |
361,351 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Financial Liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Derivative liabilities |
|
$ |
1,454 |
|
$ |
1,454 |
|
Warehouse notes payable |
|
248,419 |
|
248,419 |
| ||
Notes payable |
|
27,621 |
|
27,669 |
| ||
Total |
|
$ |
277,494 |
|
$ |
277,542 |
|
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value:
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted CashThe carrying amounts, at face value or cost plus accrued interest, approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.
Pledged SecuritiesConsist of highly liquid investments in commercial paper of AAA rated entities and investments in money market accounts invested in government securities. Investments typically have maturities of 90 days or less, and are valued using quoted market prices from recent trades.
Loans Held For SaleConsist of originated loans that are generally transferred or sold within 45 days from the date that a mortgage loan is funded, and are valued using discounted cash flow models that incorporate observable prices from market participants.
Derivative InstrumentsConsist of interest rate lock commitments and forward sale agreements. These instruments are valued using discounted cash flow models developed based on changes in the U.S. Treasury rate and other observable market data. The value is determined after considering the potential impact of collateralization, adjusted to reflect nonperformance risk of both the counterparty and the Company.
Warehouse Notes PayableConsist of borrowings outstanding under warehouse line agreements. The borrowing rates on the warehouse lines are based upon average 30-day LIBOR plus a margin. The carrying amounts approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.
Notes PayableConsist of borrowings outstanding under term note agreements. The borrowing rates on the notes payable are based upon average 30-day LIBOR plus a margin. We estimate the fair value by discounting the future cash flows of each instrument at market rates.
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments and Loans Held for SaleIn the normal course of business, the Company enters into contractual commitments to originate (purchase) and sell multifamily mortgage loans at fixed prices with fixed expiration dates. The commitments become effective when the borrowers lock-in a specified interest rate within time frames established by the Company. All mortgagors are evaluated for credit worthiness prior to the extension of the commitment. Market risk arises if interest rates move adversely between the time of the lock-in of rates by the borrower and the sale date of the loan to an investor.
To mitigate the effect of the interest rate risk inherent in providing rate lock commitments to borrowers, the Companys policy is to enter into a sale commitment with the investor simultaneously with the rate lock commitment with the borrower. The sale contract with the investor locks in an interest rate and price for the sale of the loan. The terms of the contract with the investor and the rate lock with the borrower are matched in substantially all respects, with the objective of eliminating interest rate risk to the extent practical. Sale commitments with the investors have an expiration date that is longer than our related commitments to the borrower to allow, among other things, for the closing of the loan and processing of paperwork to deliver the loan into the sale commitment.
Both the rate lock commitments to borrowers and the forward sale contracts to buyers are undesignated derivatives and, accordingly, are marked to fair value through gains from mortgage banking activities. The fair value of the Companys rate lock commitments to borrowers and loans held for sale and the related input levels includes, as applicable:
· the assumed gain/loss of the expected resultant loan sale to the buyer;
· the expected net future cash flows associated with servicing the loan (Level 2); and
· the effects of interest rate movements between the date of the rate lock and the balance sheet date (Level 3).
The fair value of the Companys forward sales contracts to investors considers effects of interest rate movements between the trade date and the balance sheet date (Level 3). The market price changes are multiplied by the notional amount of the forward sales contracts to measure the fair value.
The assumed gain/loss considers the amount that the Company has discounted the price to the borrower from par for competitive reasons, if at all, the expected net future cash flows from servicing to be received upon securitization and sale of the loan, net of any guaranty obligations retained. The fair value of the expected net future cash flows associated with servicing the loan and the guaranty obligation are calculated pursuant to the valuation techniques described previously for mortgage servicing rights and guaranty obligations.
To calculate the effects of interest rate movements, the Company uses applicable published U.S. Treasury prices, and multiplies the price movement between the rate lock date and the balance sheet date by the notional loan commitment amount.
The fair value of the Companys forward sales contracts to investors considers the market price movement of the same type of security between the trade date and the balance sheet date (Level 3). The market price changes are multiplied by the notional amount
of the forward sales contracts to measure the fair value.
|
|
Fair Value Adjustment Components |
|
Balance Sheet Location |
| |||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value |
| |||||||
|
|
Notional or |
|
Assumed |
|
Interest Rate |
|
Total |
|
Derivative |
|
Derivative |
|
Adjustment |
| |||||||
|
|
Principal |
|
Gain |
|
Movement |
|
Fair Value |
|
Contract |
|
Contract |
|
To Loans |
| |||||||
(in thousands) |
|
Amount |
|
on Sale |
|
Effect |
|
Adjustment |
|
Assets |
|
Liabilities |
|
Held for Sale |
| |||||||
September 30, 2011 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Rate lock commitments |
|
$ |
281,957 |
|
$ |
6,751 |
|
$ |
5,647 |
|
$ |
12,398 |
|
$ |
12,398 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Forward sale contracts |
|
372,031 |
|
|
|
(9,194 |
) |
(9,194 |
) |
528 |
|
(9,722 |
) |
|
| |||||||
Loans held for sale |
|
90,074 |
|
2,709 |
|
3,547 |
|
6,256 |
|
|
|
|
|
6,256 |
| |||||||
Total |
|
|
|
$ |
9,460 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
9,460 |
|
$ |
12,926 |
|
$ |
(9,722 |
) |
$ |
6,256 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
December 31, 2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Rate lock commitments |
|
$ |
158,557 |
|
$ |
3,470 |
|
$ |
(1,513 |
) |
$ |
1,957 |
|
$ |
2,524 |
|
$ |
(567 |
) |
$ |
|
|
Forward sale contracts |
|
454,504 |
|
|
|
2,943 |
|
2,943 |
|
3,830 |
|
(887 |
) |
|
| |||||||
Loans held for sale |
|
295,947 |
|
8,334 |
|
(1,430 |
) |
6,904 |
|
|
|
|
|
6,904 |
| |||||||
Total |
|
|
|
$ |
11,804 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
11,804 |
|
$ |
6,354 |
|
$ |
(1,454 |
) |
$ |
6,904 |
|
NOTE 10LITIGATION, COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Fannie Mae DUS Related CommitmentsCommitments for the origination and subsequent sale and delivery of loans to Fannie Mae represent those mortgage loan transactions where the borrower has locked an interest rate and scheduled closing and the Company has entered into a mandatory delivery commitment to sell the loan to Fannie Mae. As discussed in Note 9, the Company accounts for these commitments as derivatives recorded at fair value.
The Company is generally required to share the risk of any losses associated with loans sold under the Fannie Mae DUS program (the DUS risk-sharing obligations). The Company is required to secure this obligation by assigning restricted cash balances and securities to Fannie Mae. The reserve for loans may be posted over the first 48 months. As of September 30, 2011, the Company had pledged cash and securities in excess of these requirements. In 2010, Fannie Mae increased its collateral requirements for certain segments of the Fannie Mae risk-sharing portfolio by approximately 25 basis points effective April 1, 2011. The incremental collateral required for existing and new loans will be funded over approximately the next three years for all existing and new qualifying loans, in accordance with Fannie Mae requirements. Based on our Fannie Mae portfolio as of September 30, 2011, the additional proposed collateral required by the end of the three year period is expected to be approximately $10.4 million. In October 2011, Fannie Mae initiated a process to reassess the adequacy of its collateral requirements on an annual basis. The Company has not received any indication as to the current status or expected outcome of the reassessment at this time. Under the provisions of the DUS agreement, the Company must also maintain a certain level of liquid assets referred to as the operational and unrestricted portions of the required reserves each year. These requirements were satisfied by the Company as of September 30, 2011.
For most loans we service under the Fannie Mae DUS program, we are currently required to advance 100% of the principal and interest due to noteholders until foreclosure or up to 5% of the unpaid principal balance, whichever occurs sooner, if the borrower is delinquent in making loan payments. Under the HUD program, we are required to advance 100% of the principal and interest payments due to noteholders if the borrower is delinquent in making loan payments. Advances are included in servicing fees and other receivables, net, to the extent such amounts are recoverable.
Fannie Mae has established benchmark standards for capital adequacy, and reserves the right to terminate the Companys servicing authority for all or some of the portfolio, if at any time it determines that the Companys financial condition is not adequate to support its obligation under the DUS agreement. The Company is required to maintain acceptable net worth as defined in the standards and the Company satisfied the requirements as of September 30, 2011. The net worth requirement is derived primarily from unpaid balances on Fannie Mae loans and the level of risk-sharing. At September 30, 2011, the net worth requirement was $48.2 million and the Companys net worth was $160.4 million, as measured at our wholly owned subsidiary. As of September 30, 2011, we were required to maintain at least $9.0 million of liquid assets to meet our operational liquidity requirements, as defined in the agreements, for Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, HUD, and Ginnie Mae. As of September 30, 2011, we had operational liquidity of $85.7 million.
Litigation
Capital Funding litigationOn February 17, 2010, Capital Funding Group, Inc. (Capital Funding) filed a lawsuit in the state Circuit Court of Montgomery County, Maryland against Walker & Dunlop, LLC, our wholly owned subsidiary, for alleged breach of contract, unjust enrichment and unfair competition arising out of an alleged agreement that Capital Funding had with Column Guaranteed, LLC (Column) to refinance a large portfolio of senior healthcare facilities located throughout the United States (the Golden Living Facilities). Capital Funding alleges that a contract existed between it and Column (and its affiliates) whereby Capital Funding allegedly had the right to perform the HUD refinancing for the Golden Living Facilities and according to which Capital Funding provided certain alleged proprietary information to Column and its affiliates relating to the refinancing of the Golden Living Facilities on a confidential basis. Capital Funding further alleges that Walker & Dunlop, LLC, as the alleged successor by merger to Column, is bound by Columns alleged agreement with Capital Funding, and breached the agreement by taking for itself the opportunity to perform the HUD refinancing for the Golden Living Facilities.
Capital Funding further claims that Column and its affiliates and Walker & Dunlop, LLC (the defendants) breached the contract, were unjustly enriched, and committed unfair competition by using Capital Fundings alleged proprietary information for certain allegedly unauthorized purposes. Capital Funding also asserts a separate unfair competition claim against Walker & Dunlop, LLC in which it alleges that Walker & Dunlop, LLC is improperly taking credit on its website for certain work actually performed by Capital Funding. Capital Funding seeks damages in excess of $30 million on each of the three claims asserted against all defendants, and an unspecified amount of damages on the separate claim for unfair competition against Walker & Dunlop, LLC. Capital Funding also seeks injunctive relief in connection with its unjust enrichment and unfair competition claims.
To provide for greater certainty regarding Columns indemnification obligations before the resolution of this litigation and to cap our total loss exposure, we secured a further agreement from Column in November 2010 confirming that it will indemnify us for any liabilities that arise as a result of this litigation. As part of this further indemnification agreement, in the event Column is required to pay us for any liabilities under the Capital Funding litigation that it otherwise would not have been obligated to pay under the Column Transaction Agreement, we will indemnify Column for an amount up to $3.0 million. Also as part of this further indemnification agreement, William Walker, our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Mallory Walker, former Chairman and current stockholder, in their individual capacities, agreed that if Column is required to indemnify us under this agreement and otherwise would not have been obligated to pay such amounts under the Column Transaction Agreement, Messrs. William Walker and Mallory Walker will pay any such amounts in excess of $3.0 million but equal to or less than $6.0 million. As a result of this agreement, we will have no liability or other obligation for any damage amounts in excess of $3.0 million arising out of this litigation. Although Column has assumed defense of the case for all defendants, and is paying applicable counsel fees, as a result of the indemnification claim procedures described above, we could be required to bear the significant costs of the litigation and any adverse judgment unless and until we are able to prevail on our indemnification claim. We believe that we will fully prevail on our indemnification claims against Column, and that we ultimately will incur no material loss as a result of this litigation, although there can be no assurance that this will be the case.
On July 19, 2011, the Circuit Court for Montgomery County, Maryland issued an order granting the defendants motion to dismiss the case, without prejudice. On August 15, 2011, Capital Funding filed an amended complaint. On September 2, 2011, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss, or in the alternative for summary judgment, of the amended complaint. On October 27, 2011, the court held a hearing to consider the defendants motion to dismiss. The court has not yet issued its ruling. As a result of the indemnification described above, the Companys loss exposure in this matter is limited to $3.0 million.
Drumm Investors litigationDrumm Investors, LLC (Drumm) was a borrower in the process of refinancing a portfolio of properties (the Golden Living portfolio) with the Company, when it elected to terminate its engagement letter with the Company and refinance the portfolio with other lenders. Upon termination of the engagement letter, the Company asserted its right to receive break-up fees under the terms of the engagement letter. Drumm disputes that it owes the Company the break-up fees, and on June 6, 2011, Drumm filed suit in the Superior Court of California, San Francisco, for a refund of certain advances totaling $4.2 million which Drumm had made to the Company. On July 7, 2011, the Company filed its answer and counter-claim against Drumm seeking payment of $4.4 million in break-up fees under the engagement letter. On October 28, 2011 the Company and Drumm entered into a settlement agreement, pursuant to which the Company received a break-up fee of $1.75 million, that will be recorded in the fourth quarter, and the remaining advances were returned to Drumm. The Company incurred no losses and has no remaining exposure in this matter.
We cannot predict the outcome of any pending litigation and may be subject to consequences that could include fines, penalties and other costs, and our reputation and business may be impacted. Our management believes that any liability that could be imposed on us in connection with the disposition of any pending lawsuits would not have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, liquidity or financial condition.
In the normal course of business, the Company may be party to various claims and litigation.
NOTE 11SHARE BASED PAYMENT
During 2011, the Company granted stock option awards, under the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan, to officers and certain employees, with an exercise price equal to the closing price of the Companys common stock on the date of grant. The stock options have a ten-year term and vest ratably over three years dependent solely on continued employment. In addition, the Company granted restricted share awards, under the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan, to officers, employees and non-employee directors, without cost to the grantee. The restricted share awards granted to officers and employees vest ratably over three years dependent solely on continued employment. Restricted share awards to non-employee directors fully vest one year from the date of grant.
At September 30, 2011, an aggregate of 607,194 restricted shares and 214,987 stock options was outstanding. An additional 1,317,819 shares remain available for grant under the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan as of September 30, 2011.
The following table provides additional information regarding the Companys 2010 Equity Incentive Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):
|
|
Options / |
|
Weighted |
|
Weighted |
|
Aggregate |
| ||
Restricted Shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Outstanding at beginning of period |
|
465,761 |
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Granted |
|
157,833 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Forfeited |
|
(16,400 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Outstanding at end of period |
|
607,194 |
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
$ |
7,056 |
|
Exercisable at end of period |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Stock Options |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Outstanding at beginning of period |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Granted |
|
214,987 |
|
12.52 |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Exercised |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Forfeited |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Expired |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Outstanding at end of period |
|
214,987 |
|
$ |
12.52 |
|
9.5 |
|
$ |
|
|
Exercisable at end of period |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
The fair value of stock option awards granted during 2011 was estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, based on the following inputs:
|
|
2011 |
| |
Estimated option life |
|
6.00 years |
| |
Risk free interest rate |
|
2.58 |
% | |
Expected volatility |
|
57.10 |
% | |
Expected dividend rate |
|
0.00 |
% | |
Weighted average grant date fair value per share of options granted |
|
$ |
6.92 |
|
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 share based payment expense was $0.7 million and $1.7 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2011 the total unrecognized compensation cost for outstanding restricted shares and options was $5.8 million, net of estimated forfeitures. The unrecognized compensation cost will be recognized over each grants applicable vesting period, with the latest vesting date being August 2, 2014.
NOTE 12EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following weighted average shares and share equivalents are used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010:
|
|
For the three months ended |
|
For the nine months ended |
| ||||
|
|
2011 |
|
2010 |
|
2011 |
|
2010 |
|
Weighted average number of shares outstanding used to calculate basic earnings per share |
|
21,629,463 |
|
14,741,504 |
|
21,614,062 |
|
14,741,504 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dilutive securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unvested restricted shares |
|
152,920 |
|
|
|
113,478 |
|
|
|
Weighted average number of shares and share equivaltents outstanding used to calculate diluted earnings per share |
|
21,782,383 |
|
14,741,504 |
|
21,727,540 |
|
14,741,504 |
|
The assumed proceeds used in the treasury method used for calculating the dilutive impact of restricted stock awards includes the unrecognized compensation costs and excess tax benefits associated with the awards. Options issued under the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan to purchase 214,987 shares of common stock and 30,000 unvested restricted shares were outstanding during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would have been anti-dilutive. There were no unvested restricted stock or stock option awards outstanding in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010.
In January 2011, the underwriters of our initial public offering partially exercised their over-allotment option and the Company issued an additional 221,292 shares of our common stock. The over-allotment option was granted by the Company in connection with its initial public offering of 10,000,000 shares of common stock at $10.00 per share, which closed in December 2010. The Company offered 6,666,667 shares of common stock and selling stockholders offered 3,333,333 shares. With the addition of the over-allotment, net of selling stockholders, the Company sold 6,887,959 shares.
NOTE 13STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
A summary of changes in stockholders equity is presented below (dollars in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional |
|
|
|
Total |
| ||||
|
|
Common Stock |
|
Paid-In |
|
Retained |
|
Stockholders |
| ||||||
|
|
Shares |
|
Amount |
|
Capital |
|
Earnings |
|
Equity |
| ||||
Balances at December 31, 2010 |
|
21,408,171 |
|
$ |
214 |
|
$ |
77,047 |
|
$ |
47,381 |
|
$ |
124,642 |
|
Net income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23,849 |
|
23,849 |
| ||||
Issuance of common shares |
|
221,292 |
|
2 |
|
2,051 |
|
|
|
2,053 |
| ||||
Stock-based compensation |
|
|
|
|
|
1,724 |
|
|
|
1,724 |
| ||||
Balances at September 30, 2011 |
|
21,629,463 |
|
$ |
216 |
|
$ |
80,822 |
|
$ |
71,230 |
|
$ |
152,268 |
|
NOTE 14TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES
As of September 30, 2011, Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC (Credit Suisse), through its ownership of Column, owns a 23.9% interest in the Company. From time to time, Credit Suisse refers HUD related financing opportunities to the Company. Credit Suisse receives a fee directly from the borrower if the loans are approved and closed. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, Credit Suisse earned fees of $0.9 million and $5.6 million for the referral of HUD transactions to the Company (co-broker fees). At September 30, 2011, the Company had accrued amounts due to Credit Suisse of approximately $7.4 million, consisting of co-broker fees payable and a dividend payable of $1.75 million related to Credit Suisses ownership stake in the Companys predecessors prior to the Formation Transaction.
A subsidiary of the Company has contracted with Walker & Dunlop Fund Management, LLC (the Advisor), a registered investment advisor, of which Mr. Walker, our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, is the sole member, for the Advisor to provide investment advisory services to a real estate fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement. We provide consulting, overhead and other corporate services to the Advisor pursuant to a corporate services agreement for a fee which approximates our costs for such services. The amount of such fees were $0.1 and $0.2 million for each of the three month periods ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively; and were approximately $0.5 million for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2011 and 2010.
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the historical financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The following discussion contains, in addition to historical information, forward-looking statements that include risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those expressed or contemplated in those forward looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those set forth under the headings Forward-Looking Statements and Risk Factors elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Forward-Looking Statements
Some of the statements in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Walker & Dunlop, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company, Walker & Dunlop, we, us), may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements relate to expectations, projections, plans and strategies, anticipated events or trends and similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking terminology such as may, will, should, expects, intends, plans, anticipates, believes, estimates, predicts, or potential or the negative of these words and phrases or similar words or phrases which are predictions of or indicate future events or trends and which do not relate solely to historical matters. You can also identify forward-looking statements by discussions of strategy, plans or intentions.
The forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q reflect our current views about future events and are subject to numerous known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions and changes in circumstances that may cause actual results to differ significantly from those expressed or contemplated in any forward-looking statement. Statements regarding the following subjects, among others, may be forward-looking:
· the future of GSEs and their impact on our business;
· our growth strategy;
· our projected financial condition, liquidity and results of operations;
· our ability to obtain and maintain warehouse and other loan funding arrangements;
· availability of and our ability to retain qualified personnel and our ability to develop relationships with borrowers, key principals and lenders;
· degree and nature of our competition;
· the outcome of pending litigation;
· changes in governmental regulations and policies, tax laws and rates, and similar matters and the impact of such regulations, policies and actions;
· our ability to comply with the laws, rules and regulations applicable to us;
· trends in the commercial real estate finance market, interest rates, commercial real estate values, the credit and capital markets or the general economy; and
· general volatility of the capital markets and the market price of our common stock.
While forward-looking statements reflect our good faith projections, assumptions and expectations, they are not guarantees of future results. Furthermore, we disclaim any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, new information, data or methods, future events or other changes, except as required by applicable law. For a further discussion of these and other factors that could cause future results to differ materially from those expressed or contemplated in any forward-looking statements, see Risk Factors.
Results of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011 and 2010
Business
We are one of the leading providers of commercial real estate financial services in the United States, with a primary focus on multifamily loans. We originate, sell and service a range of multifamily and other commercial real estate financing products.
We fund loans for GSE and HUD programs, generally through warehouse facility financings, and sell them to investors in accordance with the related loan sale commitment, which we obtain prior to loan closing, and retain servicing rights on such loans. Proceeds from the sale of the loan are used to pay off the warehouse facility. The sale of the loan is typically completed within 45 days after the loan is closed. In cases where we do not fund the loan, we act as a loan broker and service some of the loans. Our originators who focus on loan brokerage are engaged by borrowers to work with a variety of institutional lenders to find the most appropriate loan instrument for the borrowers needs. These loans are then funded directly by the institutional lender and we receive an origination fee for placing the loan and a servicing fee for any loans we service.
We recognize gains from mortgage banking activities when we commit to both make a loan to a borrower and sell that loan to an
investor. The gains from mortgage banking activities reflect the fair value attributable to loan origination fees, premiums or losses on the sale of loans, net of any co-broker fees, and the fair value of the expected net future cash flows associated with the servicing of loans, net of any guaranty obligations retained. We also generate revenue from net warehouse interest income we earn while the loan is held for sale in one of our warehouse facilities.
We retain servicing rights on most of the loans we originate, and generate revenues from the fees we receive for servicing the loans, interest income from escrow deposits held on behalf of borrowers, late charges and other ancillary fees. Servicing fees are set at the time an investor agrees to purchase the loan and are generally paid monthly for the duration of the loan. Our Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac servicing engagements provide for make-whole payments to the Company in the event of a voluntary prepayment. Loans serviced outside of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac do not typically require such payments.
We are currently not exposed to interest rate risk during the loan commitment, closing and delivery process. The sale or placement of each loan to an investor is negotiated prior to establishing the interest rate for the loan. We also seek to mitigate the risk of a loan not closing. We have agreements in place with the GSEs and HUD that specify the cost of a failed loan delivery, also known as a pair off fee, in the event we fail to deliver the loan to the investor. The pair off fee is typically less than the deposit we collect from the borrower. Any potential loss from a catastrophic change in the property condition while the loan is held for sale using warehouse facility financing is mitigated through property insurance equal to replacement cost. We are also protected contractually from any failure to close by an investor. We have experienced only one failed delivery in our history and did not incur any loss.
We have risk-sharing obligations on most loans we originate under the Fannie Mae DUS program. When a Fannie Mae DUS loan is subject to full risk-sharing, we absorb losses on the first 5% of the unpaid principal balance of a loan, and above 5% we share a percentage of the loss with Fannie Mae, with our maximum loss capped at 20% of the unpaid principal balance of a loan (subject to doubling or tripling if the loan does not meet specific underwriting criteria or if the loan defaults within 12 months of its sale to Fannie Mae). We may, however, request modified risk-sharing at the time of origination, which reduces our potential risk-sharing losses from the levels described above. We regularly request modified risk-sharing based on such factors as the size of the loan, market conditions and loan pricing. We may also request modified risk-sharing on large transactions if we do not believe that we are being fully compensated for the risks of the transactions or to manage overall risk levels. Except for the Fannie Mae DUS loans acquired in the Column transaction, which were acquired subject to their existing Fannie Mae DUS risk-sharing levels, our current credit management policy is to cap each loan balance subject to full risk-sharing at $50 million. Accordingly, we currently elect to use modified risk-sharing for loans of more than $50 million in order to limit our maximum loss exposure on any one loan to $10 million (such exposure would occur in the event that the underlying collateral is determined to be completely without value at the time of loss).
Our servicing fees for risk-sharing loans include compensation for the risk-sharing obligations and are larger than the servicing fees we receive from Fannie Mae for loans with no risk-sharing obligations. We receive a lower servicing fee for modified risk-sharing than for full risk-sharing.
In July 2011, we announced our interim loan program, under which we will fund interim loans to borrowers for terms of up to two years, using a combination of our capital and credit facilities. These loans will be classified as held for investment on our balance sheet during such time that they are outstanding. As of September 30, 2011, we have no loans held for investment under the interim loan program.
In December 2010, we completed our initial public offering, pursuant to which we sold 6,666,667 shares and selling stockholders sold 3,333,333 shares of our common stock at a price per share of $10.00, resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of $66.7 million. The offering was completed on December 20, 2010. We received net proceeds of $58.4 million from the initial public offering after deferred underwriting discounts and commissions and other accrued offering costs. In connection with our IPO, we completed the Formation Transaction through which Walker & Dunlop, LLC became a wholly owned subsidiary of Walker & Dunlop, Inc., a newly formed Maryland corporation. In connection with the Formation Transaction, members of the Walker family, certain of our directors and executive officers and certain other individuals and entities who owned direct and indirect equity interests in Walker & Dunlop, LLC contributed their respective interests in such entities to Walker & Dunlop, Inc. in exchange for shares of our common stock. Our predecessor entities have historically operated as pass-through tax entities (partnerships, LLCs and S-corporations). Accordingly, our historical earnings have resulted in only nominal federal and state corporate level expense. The tax liability has been the obligation of our owners. Upon closing our initial public offering on December 20, 2010, our income became subject to both federal and state corporate tax.
On January 19, 2011, we issued an additional 221,292 shares of common stock at $10.00 per share upon the partial exercise of the overallotment option by the underwriters. We received net proceeds of approximately $2.1 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $0.2 million.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include all of the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Prior to the Formation Transaction, the financial results of operations include the condensed consolidated financial results of all wholly owned subsidiaries of Walker & Dunlop, Inc. and entities under common control, which became wholly owned subsidiaries of Walker
& Dunlop, Inc. upon completion of the Formation Transaction and closing of our initial public offering on December 20, 2010. Concurrently with the closing of our initial public offering in December 2010, the investors in the Walker & Dunlop predecessor entities individually and collectively combined the predecessor entities which had been previously operated and reported as companies under common control. These investors exchanged their member interests for their pro rata interest, adjusted for company specific debt included in the transaction, in 14,741,504 shares in the newly formed company. This transaction was reported for accounting purposes as a combination of companies under common control and the stock issuance was reported as a stock-split.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts. The estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors management believes to be reasonable. Actual results may differ from those estimates and assumptions. We believe the following critical accounting policies represent the areas where more significant judgments and estimates are used in the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Mortgage Servicing Rights and Guaranty Obligations. MSRs are recorded at fair value the day we sell a loan. We only recognize MSRs for GSE and HUD originations. Our servicing contracts with non-governmental originations are cancelable with limited notice and as a result, have a de minimis fair value. The fair value of the MSR is based on the expected net future cash flows associated with the servicing rights. The expected net future cash flows are discounted at a rate that reflects the credit and liquidity risk of the MSR over the estimated life of the underlying loan.
In addition to the MSR, for all Fannie Mae DUS loans with risk-sharing obligations, upon sale we record the fair value of the obligation to stand ready to perform over the term of the guaranty (non-contingent obligation), and the fair value of the expected loss from the risk-sharing obligations in the event of a borrower default (contingent obligation). In determining the fair value of the guaranty obligation, we consider the risk profile of the collateral, historical loss experience, and various market indicators. Generally, the estimated fair value of the guaranty obligation is based on the present value of the future cash flows expected to be paid under the guaranty over the life of the loan (historically three to five basis points annually), discounted using a 12-15 percent discount rate. Historically, the contingent obligation recognized has been de minimis. The estimated life and discount rate used to calculate the guaranty obligation are consistent with those used to calculate the corresponding MSR.
The MSR and associated guaranty obligation are amortized into expense over the estimated life of the loan. The MSR is amortized in proportion to, and over the period, that net servicing income is expected to be received. The guaranty obligation is amortized evenly over the contractual life of the guaranty. If a loan defaults and is not expected to become current or pays off prior to the estimated life, the unamortized MSR and guaranty obligation balances are expensed.
We carry the MSRs at the lower of amortized value or fair market value and evaluate the carrying value quarterly. We engage a third party to value our MSRs at least semi-annually.
The Provision for Risk-Sharing Obligations. The amount of the provision considers our assessment of the likelihood of payment by the borrower or key principal(s), the estimated disposition value of the underlying collateral and the level of risk-sharing. Historically, initial loss recognition occurs at or before the loan becoming 60 days delinquent. We regularly monitor our risk-sharing obligations on all loans and update loss estimates as current information is received.
Overview of Current Business Environment
In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, we have seen a continuation of the gradual economic growth experienced in 2010, after the period of economic instability which began in the latter half of 2007 and continued through 2009. In 2011, we have seen evidence of credit quality stabilizing within our portfolio and the broader market, as evidenced by observed decreases in delinquency rates and an increase in property net operating income across our portfolio. We believe demand for commercial real estate loans will increase as substantial levels of existing debt mature and commercial real estate investment activity rebounds. We believe multifamily lending will continue to be characterized by the strong market presence of GSEs and HUD, given the continued weakness of commercial banks and the current lack of a viable secondary market for securitized loans.
The passage of the Dodd-Frank Act, signed into law in July 2010, introduces complex, comprehensive legislation, which will have far reaching effects on the industry. While we are not a banking institution, there is uncertainty as to how, in the coming years, Dodd-Frank will impact us and our competitors. Although we cannot predict what actions Congress or other governmental authorities may take affecting GSEs, HUD and companies operating in the commercial real estate and finance sectors, we expect some degree of regulatory change is likely. Congress and other governmental authorities have also suggested that lenders should be required to retain on their balance sheet a portion of the loans that they originate, although no regulation has yet been implemented. We may be subject to additional liquidity and capital requirements in the future.
Separately, in 2010 Fannie Mae increased its collateral requirements under the Fannie Mae DUS program, for new and existing loans classified by Fannie Mae as Tier II, from 35 basis points to 60 basis points, beginning April 1, 2011. The incremental collateral required for existing and new loans will be funded over approximately the next three years, in accordance with Fannie Mae requirements. Fannie Mae has not modified collateral requirements on other Fannie Mae tier classification loans. In October 2011, Fannie Mae initiated a process to reassess the adequacy of its collateral requirements on an annual basis. The Company has not received any indication as to the current status or expected outcome of the reassessment at this time..
Results of Operations
Following is a discussion of our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010. The financial results are not necessarily indicative of future results. Our business is not typically subject to seasonal trends. However, our quarterly results have fluctuated in the past and are expected to fluctuate in the future, reflecting the interest rate environment, the volume of transactions and general economic conditions. Please refer to the table below, which provides supplemental data regarding our financial performance.
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For the three months ended |
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For the nine months ended |
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(Dollars in thousands ) |
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2011 |
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2010 |
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2011 |
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2010 |
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Origination Data: |
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Origination Volumes by Investor |
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|
|
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|
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|
| ||||
Fannie Mae |
|
$ |
389,884 |
|
$ |
240,283 |
|
$ |
1,248,972 |
|
$ |
1,077,755 |
|
Freddie Mac |
|
178,787 |
|
109,019 |
|
443,218 |
|
415,283 |
| ||||
Ginnie Mae - HUD |
|
57,746 |
|
51,060 |
|
422,331 |
|
445,216 |
| ||||
Other (1) |
|
280,250 |
|
44,077 |
|
609,025 |
|
163,713 |
| ||||
Total |
|
$ |
906,667 |
|
$ |
444,439 |
|
$ |
2,723,546 |
|
$ |
2,101,967 |
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|
|
|
|
|
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Key Metrics (as a percentage of total revenues): |
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Personnel expenses |
|
34 |
% |
25 |
% |
32 |
% |
34 |
% | ||||
Other operating expenses |
|
15 |
% |
15 |
% |
12 |
% |
11 |
% | ||||
Operating margin |
|
29 |
% |
32 |
% |
37 |
% |
34 |
% | ||||
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Key Origination Metrics (as a percentage of origination volume): |
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Origination related fees |
|
1.07 |
% |
1.15 |
% |
1.19 |
% |
1.42 |
% | ||||
Fair value of MSRs created, net |
|
1.31 |
% |
1.63 |
% |
1.37 |
% |
1.36 |
% | ||||
Fair value of MSRs created, net as a percentage of GSE and HUD origination volume (2) |
|
1.90 |
% |
1.81 |
% |
1.77 |
% |
1.48 |
% | ||||
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As of September 30, |
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2011 |
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2010 |
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Servicing Portfolio by Type: |
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Fannie Mae |
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$ |
10,136,692 |
|
$ |
9,172,093 |
|
Freddie Mac |
|
2,715,788 |
|
2,119,877 |
| ||
Ginnie Mae - HUD |
|
1,262,989 |
|
683,241 |
| ||
Other (1) |
|
1,825,330 |
|
2,190,639 |
| ||
Total |
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$ |
15,940,799 |
|
$ |
14,165,850 |
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|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Key Servicing Metrics (end of period): |
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|
|
|
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Weighted-average servicing fee rate |
|
0.22 |
% |
0.20 |
% |
(1) CMBS, life insurance companies and commercial banks.
(2) Fair value of MSRs created, net, as a percentage of GSE and HUD volume reflects the MSR revenue recognized, as a percentage of loan origination volume, on those loans which the Company will record an MSR upon sale of the loan. No MSRs are recorded on Other originations or interim loan originations (as noted above, the Company announced its interim loan program in July 2011, there have been no interim loan originations to date).
Overview
Our net income was $6.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $7.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010, a 14% decrease. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, our net income was $23.8 million, compared to $29.5 million for the same period in 2010, a 19% decrease. Our consolidated income from operations was $9.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $7.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010, a 37% increase. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, our consolidated income from operations was $38.7 million, compared to $29.5 million for the same period a year ago, a 31% increase.
Our total revenues were $33.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $22.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010, a 50% increase. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, our total revenues were $104.8 million, compared to $85.8 million for the same period a year ago, a 22% increase. Our total expenses were $23.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $15.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010, a 57% increase. During the nine months ended September 30, 2011, our total expenses were $66.0 million, compared to $56.3 million for the same period a year ago, a 17% increase. Our operating margins were 29% and 37% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively, compared to 32% and 34% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010, respectively.
The increase in revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2011, when compared to the three months ended September 30, 2010, was primarily attributable to the significant increase in overall origination volumes, coupled with a 25% increase in servicing fee revenues. The increase in revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 was primarily attributable to an increase in gains on mortgage banking activities resulting from a 30% increase in loan origination volume, in combination with a 24% increase in servicing fee revenues, when compared to the same period in 2010, and $3.4 million in assumption transaction fees received (of which $2.5 million related to one assumption during the first quarter of 2011), compared to $0.2 million for the same period in 2010. The increases in expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, when compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010, were primarily attributable to increased personnel costs associated with producer commissions on higher loan origination related fees, and increases in amortization expense on the growing mortgage servicing rights portfolio. Total expenses as a percentage of revenues increased to 71% for the three months ended September 30, 2011 compared to 68% for the three months ended September 30, 2010, and decreased to 63% for the nine months ended September 30, 2011, compared to 66% in the nine months ended September 30, 2010.
Net income was $6.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $7.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010, a 14% decrease. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, our net income was $23.8 million, compared to $29.5 million for the same period in 2010, a 19% decrease. Our 2011 income was reduced by income tax expense of $3.6 million and $14.9 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively. Our net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010 was not subject to a similar tax expense because prior to the Formation Transaction, our predecessor entities operated as pass through entities. Pro forma net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010 was computed as if income from operations for the period had been taxed at the composite rate of 38% in effect at that time, rather than at the individual investor level for pass through entities. Our net income for the three months ended September 30, 2011 was $6.1 million, compared to pro forma net income of $4.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010, a 39% increase. Our net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 was $23.8 million, compared to pro forma net income of $18.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2010, a 30% increase.
Revenues
Gains From Mortgage Banking Activities. Gains from mortgage banking activities were $21.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $12.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010, a 75% increase. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, gains from mortgage banking activities were $69.7 million, compared to $58.5 million for the same period a year ago, a 19% increase. Gains from mortgage banking activities reflect the fair value of loan origination fees, premiums or losses on the sale of loans, net of any co-broker fees (collectively, loan origination related fees), and the fair value of the expected net future cash flows associated with the servicing of the loan, net of any guaranty obligations retained.
Loan origination related fees were $9.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $5.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010, a 90% increase. The increase is primarily attributable to the 104% increase in origination volume, to $907 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $444 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010. Origination fees as a percentage of origination volumes were 107 basis points for the three months ended September 30, 2011, down from 115 basis points for the same period in 2010, a 6% decrease. The decrease in loan origination fees as a percentage of loan origination volumes is primarily attributable to a shift in product mix, to a higher relative percentage of Other (e.g. life insurance, commercial bank) originations, that are originated in a brokerage capacity and typically have lower origination fees than GSE or HUD originations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, loan origination related fees were $32.4 million, compared to $29.9 million for the same period a year ago, an 8% increase. These increases were primarily attributable to a 30% increase in loan origination volume, offset by an increase in the relative percentage of Other originations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, origination fees as a percentage of origination volumes were 119 basis points, a decrease of 17% from 142 basis points for the nine months ended September 30, 2010.
The fair value of the expected net future cash flows associated with the servicing of originated loans was $11.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $7.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010, a 64% increase. The increase
was primarily attributable to the increase in loan origination volume. The fair value of the expected net future cash flows associated with the servicing of originated loans, as a percentage of origination volumes, was 131 basis points in the three months ended September 30, 2011, compared to 163 basis points in the three months ended September 30, 2010, a 20% decrease, primarily due to a higher relative percentage of Other originations for which MSRs are not recorded. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, expected net future cash flows were $37.3 million, compared to $28.6 million for the same period a year ago, a 30% increase. This increase was primarily attributable to a 30% increase in loan origination volumes, as the fair value of the expected net future cash flows associated with the servicing of originated loans, as a percentage of origination volumes, was relatively unchanged at 137 basis points for the nine months ended September 30, 2011, compared to 136 basis points for the nine months ended September 30, 2010.
Servicing Fees. Servicing fees were $8.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $7.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010, a 25% increase. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, servicing fees were $24.5 million, compared to $19.8 million for the same period a year ago, a 24% increase. These increases in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 were primarily attributable to a 13% increase in the size of the servicing portfolio to $15.9 billion at September 30, 2011, from $14.2 billion at September 30, 2010, coupled with an increase in the weighted-average servicing fee rate to 22 basis points at September 30, 2011 from 20 basis points at September 30, 2010, a 10% increase. The higher weighted-average servicing fee reflects a year over year increase in the servicing fee rate and represents a shift in the composition of the servicing portfolio to higher revenue loans in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 when compared to the same periods in 2010.
Net Warehouse Interest Income. Net warehouse interest income was $1.1 million and $2.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $0.8 million and $2.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010, a 36% increase and a 4% decrease, respectively. The increase in the three months ended September 30, 2011 is primarily attributed to the increase in loan origination volume and corresponding warehouse transactions. The decrease in the nine months ended September 30, 2011 is primarily attributed to a decrease in the average warehouse balance and the average number of days that loans have been held in warehouse. The components of net warehouse interest income are (in thousands):
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|
For the three months ended September 30, |
|
For the nine months ended September 30, |
| ||||||||
|
|
2011 |
|
2010 |
|
2011 |
|
2010 |
| ||||
Warehouse interest income |
|
$ |
2,654 |
|
$ |
2,255 |
|
$ |
6,755 |
|
$ |
6,380 |
|
Warehouse interest expense |
|
1,602 |
|
1,484 |
|
3,927 |
|
3,436 |
| ||||
Net warehouse interest income |
|
$ |
1,052 |
|
$ |
771 |
|
$ |
2,828 |
|
$ |
2,944 |
|
Escrow Earnings and Other Interest Income. Escrow earnings and other interest income was $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010, a 34% decrease. During the nine months ended September 30, 2011, escrow earnings and other interest income was $1.1 million, compared to $1.6 million for the same period a year ago, a 32% decrease. These decreases were primarily attributable to a decrease in the rate earned on escrow holdings, offset by greater escrow balances associated with the growth in the servicing portfolio.
Other. Other income was $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010, a 6% increase. The increase in the three months ended September 30, 2011, when compared to the same period in 2010 was primarily attributable to an increase in application fees associated with increased loan origination volume, coupled with an increase in prepayment penalties. During the nine months ended September 30, 2011, other income was $6.6 million, compared to $2.9 million for the same period a year ago, a 129% increase. The increase in the nine months ended September 30, 2011, when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2010, was primarily attributable to $3.4 million in assumption transaction fees received (of which $2.5 million related to one assumption during the first quarter of 2011), compared to $0.2 million for the same period in 2010. In the first quarter of 2011, a borrower entered into a purchase and sale agreement for properties which served as collateral for a credit facility, which resulted in the $2.5 million assumption fee. The acquirer sought to assume the loan under similar terms, which required the approval of Fannie Mae, as lender, and the Company, as servicer, for which the Company and Fannie Mae received a fee of $4.9 million which was divided equally between the two parties. This fee was subject to the normal commission structure, as with other loan origination fee income.
Expenses
Personnel. Personnel expense was $11.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $5.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010, a 108% increase. Personnel expense as a percentage of total revenues was 34% for the three months ended September 30, 2011, compared to 25% for the same period in 2010. These increases were primarily attributable to the increase in loan origination volumes and corresponding increase in producer commissions, as well as a change in compensation plans in the three months ended September 30, 2010, which reduced compensation expense by $2.0 million in the period. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, personnel expense was $33.4 million, compared to $28.9 million for the same period a year ago, a 16% increase. These increases was primarily attributable to the increase in loan origination volumes and loan origination related fees on which the resulting producer commissions are based, as well as share-based payment expense in the nine months ended September 30, 2011, for which there was no
similar expense in the nine months ended September 30, 2010.
Amortization and Depreciation. Amortization and depreciation expense was $6.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $4.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010, a 48% increase. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, amortization and depreciation expense was $16.3 million, compared to $12.4 million for the same period a year ago, a 31% increase. These increases were primarily attributable to an increase in the mortgage servicing rights portfolio balance due to increases in the loan origination volume and capitalized mortgage servicing rights in the preceding periods.
Provision for Risk-Sharing Obligations. The provision for risk-sharing obligations was $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $1.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010, a $0.9 million or 48% decrease. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, the provision for risk-sharing obligations was $3.4 million, compared to $4.4 million for the same period a year ago, a 22% decrease. For the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, the provision for risk-sharing obligations were one and three basis points of the Fannie Mae at risk portfolio balances, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, the provision for risk-sharing obligations were five and seven basis points of the Fannie Mae at risk portfolio balances, respectively. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, amounts recorded to the provision for risk-sharing obligations primarily related to refinements of loss estimates on loans with existing allowances. We regularly monitor our risk-sharing obligations on all loans and update our loss estimates as current information is received.
The 60+ day delinquency rate decreased to 0.0% of the at risk portfolio at September 30, 2011, from 0.83% of the at risk portfolio at September 30, 2010, and the allowance for risk-sharing obligations as a percentage of the specifically identified at risk balances increased to 9.13% at September 30, 2011, compared to 7.92% at September 30, 2010. There were net write-offs of $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011. There were no net write-offs for the same period a year ago. Net write-offs were $0.7 and $2.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and represent the cash settlement of losses previously recorded to the provision. We have not been party to, or incurred any losses relating to, troubled debt restructurings within our at risk servicing portfolio.
Interest Expense on Corporate Debt. The interest expense on corporate debt was $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010, a 47% decrease. During the nine months ended September 30, 2011, interest expenses on corporate debt were $0.6 million, compared to $1.0 million for the same period a year ago, a 38% decrease. These decreases were primarily attributable to a 15% decrease in the average corporate debt outstanding due to contractual principal reduction payments, coupled with a decrease in the related interest rate on borrowings.
Other Operating Expenses. Other operating expenses were $5.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $3.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010, a 53% increase. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, other operating expenses were $12.3 million, compared to $9.5 million for the same period a year ago, a 28% increase. These increases in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 were primarily attributable to increases in marketing, insurance and other public company costs when compared to the same periods in 2010.
Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 was $3.6 million and $14.9 million, respectively. There was no income tax expense recognized in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010 due to our predecessor entities pass through tax status. On a pro forma basis, income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010 was $2.7 million and $11.2 million, respectively. We used a combined effective federal and state tax rate of 38% to estimate our presented pro forma tax expense, as if the Company had been a tax paying corporation, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010.
Financial Condition
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Our cash flows from operations are generated from loan sales, servicing fees, escrow earnings, net warehouse interest income and other income, net of loan purchases and operating costs. Our cash flows from operations are impacted by the fees generated by our loan originations, the timing of loan closings and the period of time loans are held for sale in the warehouse loan facility, prior to delivery to the investor.
Cash Flow from Investing Activities
We usually lease facilities and equipment for our operations. However, when necessary and cost effective, we invest cash in property, plant and equipment.
Cash Flow from Financing Activities
We use our warehouse loan facilities and our corporate cash to fund loan closings. We believe that our current warehouse loan facilities
are adequate to meet our increasing loan origination needs. Historically we have used long-term debt to fund acquisitions.
Although prior to the Formation Transaction our excess cash flows from operations were distributed to owners, we currently have no intention to pay dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2010
Our unrestricted cash balance was $86.1 million and $20.1 million as of September 30, 2011, and September 30, 2010, respectively, a $66.0 million increase.
Changes in cash flows from operations were driven primarily by loans acquired and sold. Such loans are held for short periods of time, generally less than 45 days, and impact cash flows presented as of a point in time. Cash provided by operating activities was $213.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011, compared to cash used in operating activities of $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2010. The increase in cash flows provided by operating activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2011 is primarily attributable to the receipt of $205.9 million from funding loan originations, net of sales of loans to third parties; compared to the use of $22.4 million from funding loan originations, net of sales to third parties in the nine months ended September 30, 2010. Excluding cash provided by and used for the sale and purchase of loans, cash flows provided by operating activities was $7.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2011 compared to cash flows provided by operating activities of $20.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2010.
We invested $1.7 million and $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011, and 2010, respectively, a $1.2 million increase. These amounts represent investments in property, plant and equipment.
Cash used in financing activities was $159.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 compared to $11.9 million cash received in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2010. This decrease was primarily attributable to the increase in repayments of borrowings of warehouse notes payable, concurrent with the funding and subsequent sale of loan originations, partially offset by the proceeds received from the issuance of common stock related to the underwriters partial exercise of an overallotment option associated with our initial public offering.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Uses of Liquidity, Cash and Cash Equivalents
Our cash flow requirements consist of (i) short-term liquidity necessary to fund mortgage loans, (ii) working capital to support our day-to-day operations, servicer advances consisting of principal and interest advances for Fannie Mae or HUD loans that become delinquent and advances on insurance and tax payments if the escrow funds are insufficient, and (iii) debt service payments, including liquidity necessary to meet the annual $3.6 million principal reduction requirement of our term note obligation which matures on October 31, 2015.
Fannie Mae has established benchmark standards for capital adequacy, and reserves the right to terminate the Companys servicing authority for all or some of the portfolio, if at any time it determines that the Companys financial condition is not adequate to support its obligation under the DUS agreement. The Company is required to maintain acceptable net worth as defined in the agreement, and the Company satisfied the requirements as of September 30, 2011. The net worth requirement is derived primarily from unpaid balances on Fannie Mae loans and the level of risk-sharing. At September 30, 2011, the net worth requirement was $48.2 million and the Companys net worth was $160.4 million. As of September 30, 2011, we were required to maintain at least $9.0 million of liquid assets to meet our operational liquidity requirements for Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, HUD, Ginnie Mae and our warehouse facility lenders. As of September 30, 2011, we had operational liquidity of $85.7 million.
Under our warehouse lines of credit and term note agreements, we are required to comply with various financial covenants. See Sources of Liquidity. As of September 30, 2011, we were in compliance with all such financial covenants.
We currently intend to retain all future earnings for the operation and expansion of our business and, therefore, do not anticipate declaring or paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
Historically, our cash flows from operations have been sufficient to enable us to meet our short-term liquidity needs and other funding requirements. Similarly, we believe that cash flows from operations will be sufficient for us to meet our current obligations for the next 12 months.
Restricted Cash and Pledged Securities
We also require working capital to satisfy collateral requirements for our Fannie Mae DUS risk-sharing obligations and to meet the operational liquidity requirements of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, HUD, Ginnie Mae and our warehouse facility lenders. Fannie Mae has increased its collateral requirements for certain loans, and Congress and other governmental authorities have also suggested that lenders will
be required to retain on their balance sheet a portion of the loans that they originate, although no regulation has yet been implemented. In either scenario, we would require additional liquidity to support any future increased collateral requirements.
Restricted cash and pledged securities consist primarily of collateral for our risk-sharing obligations and good faith deposits held on behalf of borrowers between the time we enter into a loan commitment with the borrower and the investor purchases the loan. The amount of collateral required by Fannie Mae is a formulaic calculation at the loan level and considers the balance of the loan, the risk level of the loan, the age of the loan and the level of risk-sharing. As of September 30, 2011 we pledged securities of $17.6 million to collateralize our Fannie Mae DUS risk-sharing obligations, which was in excess of current requirements.
We fund any growth in our Fannie Mae required operational liquidity and collateral requirements from our working capital. Fannie Mae has recently increased its collateral requirements for certain segments of the Fannie Mae risk-sharing portfolio by approximately 25 basis points effective April 1, 2011. The incremental collateral required for existing and new loans will be funded over approximately the next three years, in accordance with Fannie Mae requirements. Based on our Fannie Mae portfolio as of September 30, 2011, the additional proposed collateral required by the end of the three year period is expected to be approximately $10.4 million. In October 2011, Fannie Mae initiated a process to reassess the adequacy of its collateral requirements on an annual basis. The Company has not received any indication as to the current status or expected outcome of the reassessment at this time..
Sources of Liquidity: Warehouse Facilities
We have three warehouse facilities and a master purchase and sale agreement that we use to fund substantially all of our loan originations. Consistent with industry practice, two of these facilities are revolving commitments we expect to renew annually, one is an uncommitted facility we expect to renew annually, and the last facility is provided on an uncommitted basis without a specific maturity date. Our ability to originate mortgage loans depends upon our ability to secure and maintain these types of short-term financings on acceptable terms.
On March 16, 2011, we amended our master purchase and sale agreement which was scheduled to mature June 30, 2011. The amendment extends the maturity date of the purchase and sale agreement to March 16, 2012 and reduces the rate for financing under the agreement to the average 30-day LIBOR plus 250 basis points.
On May 11, 2011, we amended our committed warehouse line agreement which matures on November 28, 2011. The amendment reduced the rate for borrowing under the agreement to the average 30-day LIBOR plus 200 basis points and modified certain covenants. Following the amendment, the warehouse line agreement requires compliance with the following financial covenants:
· minimum tangible net worth of $100 million,
· maximum indebtedness to tangible net worth of 2.25 to 1.0,
· minimum unrestricted liquidity of $10 million, and
· aggregate unpaid principal amount of Fannie Mae DUS mortgage loans which are sixty days or more past due or otherwise in default not to exceed 2% of the outstanding principal balance of all Fannie Mae DUS mortgage loans.
On June 29, 2011, we amended our committed warehouse line agreement which was originally scheduled to mature on June 29, 2011. The amendment, among other things, extended the maturity date of the warehouse agreement to June 29, 2012, and modified covenants such that they are now measured at the Company level, rather than our operating subsidiary. A May 12, 2011 amendment to the warehouse line agreement reduced the rate for borrowing under the agreement to the average 30-day LIBOR plus 200 basis points and modified certain covenants. Following the amendments, the warehouse line agreement requires compliance with the following financial covenants:
· minimum tangible net worth of $100 million,
· maximum indebtedness to tangible net worth of 2.25 to 1.0,
· minimum unrestricted liquidity of $10 million,
· minimum EBITDA of $12 million (on an annualized basis),
· minimum EBITDA to total debt service ratio of 3.00 to 1.0,
· aggregate unpaid principal amount of Fannie Mae DUS mortgage loans which are sixty days or more past due or otherwise in default not to exceed 2% of the outstanding principal balance of all Fannie Mae DUS mortgage loans,
· minimum servicing portfolio unpaid principal balance of $11 billion and Fannie Mae DUS mortgage loan servicing portfolio unpaid principal balance of $7.5 billion, and
· a maximum loan-to-servicing-value ratio of 40%.
On June 24, 2011, we entered into a new committed warehouse line agreement to fund a specific loan origination. The rate for borrowings under the agreement was the average 30-day LIBOR plus 200 basis points. The warehouse line matured fifteen days following the funding of the specified loan origination, at which time we repaid all outstanding borrowings and accrued interest.
On July 21, 2011, the Company entered into a warehouse agreement to provide for warehousing advances in an aggregate amount outstanding at any time of up to $35 million, which matures on July 21, 2013, subject to one year extensions at the lenders discretion. The facility will support the Companys lending activities under its interim loan program, whereby it will make first mortgage loans on multifamily real estate properties for periods of up to two years, using available cash in combination with advances under the facility. All borrowings accrue interest at the average 30-day LIBOR plus 250 basis points. Repayments under the facility are interest-only, with principal repayments made upon the earlier of the refinancing of an underlying mortgage or the maturity of an advance under the facility. Upon the occurrence of certain credit events, including but not limited to a default under a pledged mortgage or a foreclosure of an underlying property, the sale, disposition or repayment of a pledged mortgage or the failure to meet certain appraisal requirements, earlier repayment of facility advances may be required. Borrowings under the facility are fully recourse to the Company. The loan agreement requires the Company to comply with the following financial covenants:
· minimum tangible net worth of $100 million,
· maximum indebtedness to tangible net worth of 2.25 to 1.0,
· minimum cash and cash equivalents of $10 million,
· minimum EBITDA to total debt service ratio of 2.00 to 1.0, and
· aggregate unpaid principal amount of Fannie Mae DUS mortgage loans which are sixty days or more past due or otherwise in default not to exceed 2% of the outstanding principal balance of all Fannie Mae DUS mortgage loans.
The agreements above contain cross-default provisions, such that if a default occurs under any of our debt agreements, generally the lenders under our other debt agreements could also declare a default. As of September 30, 2011, we were in compliance with all of our warehouse line covenants.
As of September 30, 2011, we have used all of the net proceeds from our initial public offering to provide warehouse funding for loans originated by us. These loans held for sale were subsequently sold, in fulfillment of our forward sale agreements and the resulting proceeds represent cash available for redeployment. We plan to continue to deploy a portion of our available cash to provide warehouse funding for loans which we originate, until we choose to deploy the proceeds in another manner.
Debt Obligations
On May 11, 2011, we amended our $42.5 million term note agreement which was originally scheduled to mature on October 31, 2011. The amendment reduced the rate for borrowing under the agreement to the average 30-day LIBOR plus 250 basis points and extended the maturity date to October 31, 2015. Following the amendment, the term note agreement requires compliance with the following financial covenants:
· minimum tangible net worth of $100 million,
· minimum unrestricted liquidity requirement of $10 million,
· minimum EBITDA of $12 million (on an annualized basis),
· minimum EBITDA to total debt service ratio of 3.00 to 1.0,
· aggregate unpaid principal amount of Fannie Mae DUS mortgage loans which are sixty days or more past due or otherwise in default not to exceed 2% of the outstanding principal balance of all Fannie Mae DUS mortgage loans,
· minimum servicing portfolio unpaid principal balance of $11 billion and Fannie Mae DUS mortgage loan servicing portfolio unpaid principal balance of $7.5 billion, and
· a maximum loan-to-servicing-value ratio of 40%.
All of the ownership interests in Walker & Dunlop, LLC, our wholly owned subsidiary, are pledged as collateral for the note. The loan has annual principal reductions of $3.6 million. As of September 30, 2011, the outstanding term note balance was $24.3 million.
During 2008, we purchased small amounts of subsidiary equity from certain exiting employees and issued notes that are subordinated to the term note agreement. The notes bear interest at the 90-day LIBOR plus 200 basis points and will be repaid in five annual installments after the term note has been repaid. As of September 30, 2011, the aggregate outstanding balance of the notes was $0.5 million.
In January 2006, we entered into a $7.6 million purchase money note. The note required monthly payments and bore an annual interest rate of 7.275%. The loan matured and was paid in full in January 2011.
Credit Quality and Allowance for Risk-Sharing Obligations
The following table sets forth certain information useful in evaluating our credit performance.
|
|
As of and for the three months |
|
As of and for the nine months |
| ||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
2011 |
|
2010 |
|
2011 |
|
2010 |
| ||||
Key Credit Metrics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Unpaid principal balance: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Total servicing portfolio |
|
$ |
15,940,799 |
|
$ |
14,165,850 |
|
$ |
15,940,799 |
|
$ |
14,165,850 |
|
Fannie Mae servicing portfolio: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Fannie Mae Full Risk |
|
6,299,110 |
|
5,736,752 |
|
6,299,110 |
|
5,736,752 |
| ||||
Fannie Mae Modified Risk |
|
2,312,804 |
|
2,001,830 |
|
2,312,804 |
|
2,001,830 |
| ||||
Fannie Mae No Risk |
|
1,524,778 |
|
1,433,511 |
|
1,524,778 |
|
1,433,511 |
| ||||
Total Fannie Mae |
|
$ |
10,136,692 |
|
$ |
9,172,093 |
|
$ |
10,136,692 |
|
$ |
9,172,093 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Fannie Mae at risk servicing portfolio (1) |
|
$ |
7,242,674 |
|
$ |
6,536,724 |
|
$ |
7,242,674 |
|
$ |
6,536,724 |
|
60+ Day delinquencies, within at risk portfolio |
|
|
|
54,006 |
|
|
|
54,006 |
| ||||
At risk loan balances associated with allowance for risk-sharing obligations (2) |
|
$ |
149,416 |
|
$ |
98,450 |
|
$ |
149,416 |
|
$ |
98,450 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Allowance for risk-sharing obligations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Beginning balance |
|
$ |
13,383 |
|
$ |
5,984 |
|
$ |
10,873 |
|
$ |
5,552 |
|
Provision for risk-sharing obligations |
|
937 |
|
1,817 |
|
3,447 |
|
4,397 |
| ||||
Net write-offs |
|
(680 |
) |
|
|
(680 |
) |
(2,148 |
) | ||||
Ending balance |
|
$ |
13,640 |
|
$ |
7,801 |
|
$ |
13,640 |
|
$ |
7,801 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
60+ Day delinquencies as a percentage of the at risk portfolio |
|
0.00 |
% |
0.83 |
% |
0.00 |
% |
0.83 |
% | ||||
Provision for risk-sharing as a percentage of the at risk portfolio |
|
0.01 |
% |
0.03 |
% |
0.05 |
% |
0.07 |
% | ||||
Allowance for risk-sharing as a percentage of the at risk portfolio |
|
0.19 |
% |
0.12 |
% |
0.19 |
% |
0.12 |
% | ||||
Net write-offs as a percentage of the at risk portfolio |
|
0.01 |
% |
0.00 |
% |
0.01 |
% |
0.03 |
% | ||||
Allowance for risk-sharing as a percentage of the specifically identified at risk balances |
|
9.13 |
% |
7.92 |
% |
9.13 |
% |
7.92 |
% |
(1) At risk servicing portfolio is defined as the balance of Fannie Mae DUS loans subject to the risk-sharing formula described below. Use of the at risk portfolio provides for comparability of the full risk-sharing and modified risk-sharing loans because the provision and allowance for risk-sharing obligations are based on the at risk balances of the associated loans. Accordingly, we have presented the key statistics as a percentage of the at risk portfolio.
For example, a $15 million loan with 50% DUS risk-sharing has the same potential risk exposure as a $7.5 million loan with full DUS risk-sharing. Accordingly, if the $15 million loan with 50% DUS risk-sharing was to default, the Company would view the overall loss as a percentage of the at risk balance, or $7.5 million, to ensure comparability between all risk-sharing obligations. To date, all of the Companys risk-sharing obligations that we have settled have been from full risk-sharing loans.
(2) There are loans within our servicing portfolio which are greater than 60 days delinquent, for which no allowance has been recorded. We do not anticipate recognizing a loss for these loans upon settlement of our risk-sharing obligation with Fannie Mae because our estimate of the value of the underlying collateral is greater than the unpaid principal balance of the associated loan.
Fannie Mae DUS risk-sharing obligations are based on a tiered formula. The risk-sharing tiers and amount of the risk-sharing obligations we absorb under full risk-sharing are provided below. Except as described in the following paragraph, the maximum amount of risk-sharing obligations we absorb is 20% of the unpaid principal balance of the loan at the time of default.
Risk-Sharing Tier |
|
Percentage Absorbed by Us |
|