Scientists have discovered a new and renewable source of water on the moon in samples from a Chinese lunar mission.
Water was found in tiny glass beads in the lunar dirt where violent meteorite impacts occur. The beads are the width of just hairs, and the water was a small fraction of that.
The samples were returned from the moon in 2020, including 32 glass beads that were randomly picked from lunar dirt from the robotic Chang'e-5 mission.
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Mining the water would be tricky, because there are billions to trillions of beads, according to researchers.
"Yes, it will require lots and lots of glass beads," Hejiu Hui of Nanjing University, who took part in the study, told The Associated Press. "On the other hand, there are lots and lots of beads on the moon."
The beads could continue to yield water due to continuous streams of hydrogen in solar wind. Solar wind is a stream of charged particles that emanate from the outermost part of the star's atmosphere.
"Solar wind-derived water is produced by the reaction of solar hydrogen with oxygen present at the surface of the lunar glass beads," Sen Hu of the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Institute of Geology and Geophysics, a co-author of the study, told Reuters.
Hui said that more samples will be studied in the future and more work is necessary to determine whether water could be extracted by heating the beads.
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In addition, the scientists need to do more studies to find out whether the water would be safe to drink.
However, Hui said his team's results show that "water can be recharged on the moon’s surface... a new water reservoir on the moon."
The findings were published on Monday in the journal Nature Geoscience.
Previous studies using samples returned by the Apollo astronauts found water in glass beads formed by lunar volcanic activity, which could also provide water.
When NASA sends astronauts back to the moon – currently slated for 2025 – it'll aim for the South Pole, where permanently shadowed craters are believed to be packed with frozen water. The agency plans to announce the names of the astronauts next week; they are the first moon astronauts in half a century.
Reuters and The Associated Press contributed to this report.
