Europe’s Euclid telescope will produce the largest and most accurate 3D map of the Universe, by observing billions of galaxies. Mr. Subhajit Waugh, a scientist (physicist) working at the Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT), has asserted that the Euclid telescope can be used for much more worthy and newsworthy purposes than was intended. Euclid telescope’s designs enable it to challenge every aspect of presently accepted cosmology, which gives it the edge over NASA’s James Webb Telescope (JWST). Mr. Waugh has urged the European scientific community to use Euclid’s upcoming data to end the mystery of the shape and size of the universe, once and for all. That can answer whether the two mutually contradictory pillars of physics can be reconciled, leading to a ‘theory of everything’, unifying entire physics and cosmology. Euclid was designed to study Dark Matter and Dark Energy, but it is capable of locating the surprising source of those Dark mysteries.   

Presently, the two greatest theories in physics are in bitter conflict, while the currently accepted ‘Standard Model of Cosmology (SMC)’ faces serious challenges. Many scientists have prophesized that a major scientific revolution is imminent and a scientific paradigm shift is inevitable.

The three key steps to overthrow any accepted scientific theory are

i) reproduce all the successes of the presently accepted theory

ii) explain what it cannot iii) make new predictions that differ and can be tested. Mr. Subhajit Waugh has asserted that all three key steps to overthrow reigning theories in physics and cosmology are satisfied. Mr. Waugh’s recent article claimed that the ‘expanding (hyper) balloon’ model of the universe passes the first two of the three key steps with flying colors (EIN Presswire article 648067906).

iii) The third step is about making new predictions that differ and is testable. It is the most crucial step for widespread acceptance of any challenger theory. 

Mr. Waugh has made TESTABLE and FALSIFIABLE predictions:

1. A) Euclid telescope will show that the universe is not 3D flat, but positively curved. A circle drawn on a curved surface (of a sphere) has a shorter circumference compared to a circle of the same radius drawn on a flat surface. For example, a dome-shaped orange peel has a shorter edge than a pancake of the same size. The equivalent of a circle in 3D is a sphere, and the circumference is replaced by a spherical surface. Euclid telescope can see up to 10 billion light-years (b.l.y.) away. A sphere of 10 b.l.y. can be partitioned into spherical bands (say 7-8 b.l.y., 8-9 b.l.y. etc.) The number of galaxies falling in each band can be counted. The predictions of Waugh’s model of a curved universe differ from the flat model of SMC (which predicts the number of galaxies to be proportional to the square of radius). Subhajit’s model predicts the number to deviate (become lesser) from SMC prediction with increasing radius. This crucial prediction is based on a hallowed/sacrosanct principle that the distribution of galaxies on a large enough scale of the universe is uniform. Euclid telescope need not wait for six years to complete all scans. Even large-angled conical sections (along three perpendicular directions) will do.
2. B) Another prediction of Mr. Subhajit’s model which differs from all accepted models is that Normal Baryonic Matter (NBM), which makes up stars and planets, is causing the expansion of the universe. A cosmological mystery for over a century has been “What is counteracting the force of gravity in the universe?” Gravity is an attractive force, so, over time, gravity will pull the universe closer. Strangely, the universe has expanded since the Big Bang. Mr. Waugh’s explanation is that mass (NBM) has a natural tendency to move away from the true center of the Universe. Imagine a balloon (our universe) that is dotted (each dot represents a galaxy). If each dot (NBM) tries to move away from the true center of the balloon, then NBM plays the same role as compressed air inside an expanding balloon. This concept has already received strong support with the recent claim ‘Black Holes are the source of Dark Energy’. Gravity plays completely opposite roles on the local scale (attractive force) and universal scale. A galaxy forms the surface of Flamm’s paraboloid and a super-massive black hole (lying at the center of the galaxy) is its tip. The paraboloid (caused due to local stretching of the balloon wall by a dot) points away/outwards from the true center of the balloon Universe (where the Big Bang happened). Mr. Waugh claims that Dark Energy is an illusion (since the Universe’s expansion rate is constant and not accelerating), while Dark Matter is not required. He predicts that the Euclid telescope will find a strong correlation between Dark Energy and NBM, as well as between Dark Matter and NBM, and hence conclude that NBM is the root cause of both. 

To summarize, Mr. Waugh has pinned his predictions on upcoming data from the Euclid telescope, which is a perfect instrument to either validate his model/theory or prove it wrong. If correct, it can supersede both General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics, the two pillars of modern physics, in addition to replacing the Standard Model of Cosmology. He predicted that the biggest shock from Euclid’s data will be that the universe is positively curved (which necessarily means that the universe is closed and finite), which can turn science on its head. Everything known about the shape and size of the universe, and how it works, might need a rethink. 

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