UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015

OR

For the transition period from                    to                   

Commission file number 001-9106 (Brandywine Realty Trust)

000-24407 (Brandywine Operating Partnership, L.P.)

Brandywine Realty Trust

Brandywine Operating Partnership, L.P.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (610) 325-5600

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Units of General Partnership Interest (Brandywine Operating Partnership, L.P.)

(Title of class)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  x

 

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one):

Brandywine Realty Trust:

 

Brandywine Operating Partnership, L.P.:

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

 

As of June 30, 2015, the aggregate market value of the Common Shares of Beneficial Interest held by non-affiliates of Brandywine Realty Trust was $2,360,378,871 based upon the last reported sale price of $13.28 per share on the New York Stock Exchange on June 30, 2015. An aggregate of 174,822,400 Common Shares of Beneficial Interest were outstanding as of February 19, 2016.

As of June 30, 2015 the aggregate market value of the 1,535,102 common units of limited partnership (“Units”) held by non-affiliates of Brandywine Operating Partnership, L.P. was $20,386,155 based upon the last reported sale price of $13.28 per share on the New York Stock Exchange on June 30, 2014 of the Common Shares of Beneficial Interest of Brandywine Realty Trust, the sole general partner of Brandywine Operating Partnership, L.P. (For this computation, the Registrant has excluded the market value of all Units beneficially owned by Brandywine Realty Trust.)

Documents Incorporated By Reference

Portions of the proxy statement for the 2016 Annual Meeting of Shareholders of Brandywine Realty Trust are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

 

 

 

 

 

 

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EXPLANATORY NOTE

This report combines the annual reports on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 of Brandywine Realty Trust (the “Parent Company”) and Brandywine Operating Partnership, L.P. (the “Operating Partnership”). The Parent Company is a Maryland real estate investment trust, or REIT, that owns its assets and conducts its operations through the Operating Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership, and subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership. The Parent Company, the Operating Partnership and their consolidated subsidiaries are collectively referred to in this report as the “Company”. In addition, terms such as “we”, “us”, or “our” used in this report may refer to the Company, the Parent Company, or the Operating Partnership.

The Parent Company is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership and as of December 31, 2015, owned a 99.1% interest in the Operating Partnership. The remaining 0.9% interest consists of common units of limited partnership interest issued by the Operating Partnership to third parties in exchange for contributions of properties to the Operating Partnership. As the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, the Parent Company has full and complete authority over the Operating Partnership’s day-to-day operations and management.

As general partner with control of the Operating Partnership, the Parent Company consolidates the Operating Partnership for financial reporting purposes, and the Parent Company does not have significant assets other than its investment in the Operating Partnership. Therefore, the assets and liabilities of the Parent Company and the Operating Partnership are the same on their respective financial statements. The separate discussions of the Parent Company and the Operating Partnership in this report should be read in conjunction with each other to understand the results of the Company’s operations on a consolidated basis and how management operates the Company.

Management operates the Parent Company and the Operating Partnership as one enterprise. The management of the Parent Company consists of the same members as the management of the Operating Partnership. These members are officers of both the Parent Company and of the Operating Partnership.

The Company believes that combining the annual reports on Form 10-K of the Parent Company and the Operating Partnership into a single report will result in the following benefits:

There are few differences between the Parent Company and the Operating Partnership, which are reflected in the footnote disclosures in this report. The Company believes it is important to understand the differences between the Parent Company and the Operating Partnership in the context of how these entities operate as an interrelated consolidated company. The Parent Company is a REIT, whose only material asset is its ownership of the partnership interests of the Operating Partnership. As a result, the Parent Company does not conduct business itself, other than acting as the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, issuing public equity from time to time and guaranteeing the debt obligations of the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership holds substantially all the assets of the Company and directly or indirectly holds the ownership interests in the Company’s real estate ventures. The Operating Partnership conducts the operations of the Company’s business and is structured as a partnership with no publicly traded equity. Except for net proceeds from equity issuances by the Parent Company, which are contributed to the Operating Partnership in exchange for partnership units, the Operating Partnership generates the capital required by the Company’s business through the Operating Partnership’s operations, by the Operating Partnership’s direct or indirect incurrence of indebtedness or through the issuance of partnership units of the Operating Partnership or equity interests in subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership.

The equity and non-controlling interests in the Parent Company and the Operating Partnership’s equity are the main areas of difference between the consolidated financial statements of the Parent Company and the Operating Partnership. The common units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership are accounted for as partners’ equity in the Operating Partnership’s financial statements while the common units of limited partnership interests held by parties other than the Parent Company are presented as non-controlling interests in the Parent Company’s financial statements. The differences between the Parent Company and the Operating Partnership’s equity relate to the differences in the equity issued at the Parent Company and Operating Partnership levels.

To help investors understand the significant differences between the Parent Company and the Operating Partnership, this report presents the following as separate notes or sections for each of the Parent Company and the Operating Partnership:

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This report also includes separate Item 9A. (Controls and Procedures) disclosures and separate Exhibit 31 and 32 certifications for each of the Parent Company and the Operating Partnership in order to establish that the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of each entity have made the requisite certifications and that the Parent Company and Operating Partnership are compliant with Rule 13a-15 or Rule 15d-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. § 1350.

In order to highlight the differences between the Parent Company and the Operating Partnership, the separate sections in this report for the Parent Company and the Operating Partnership specifically refer to the Parent Company and the Operating Partnership. In the sections that combine disclosures of the Parent Company and the Operating Partnership, this report refers to such disclosures as those of the Company. Although the Operating Partnership is generally the entity that directly or indirectly enters into contracts and real estate ventures and holds assets and debt, reference to the Company is appropriate because the business is one enterprise and the Parent Company operates the business through the Operating Partnership.

 

 

 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

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Filing Format

This combined Form 10-K is being filed separately by Brandywine Realty Trust (the “Parent Company”) and Brandywine Operating Partnership, L.P. (the “Operating Partnership”).

Forward-Looking Statements

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” for forward-looking statements. This Annual Report on Form 10-K and other materials filed by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) (as well as information included in oral or other written statements made by us) contain statements that are forward-looking, including statements relating to business and real estate development activities, acquisitions, dispositions, future capital expenditures, financing sources, governmental regulation (including environmental regulation) and competition. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe-harbor provisions of the 1995 Act. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “will,” “should” and similar expressions, as they relate to us, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, we can give no assurance that our expectations will be achieved. As forward-looking statements, these statements involve important risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the expected results and, accordingly, such results may differ from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations include, but are not limited to:

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Given these uncertainties, and the other risks identified in the “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we caution readers not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. We assume no obligation to update or supplement forward-looking statements that become untrue because of subsequent events.

 

 

PART I

Introduction

We are a self-administered and self-managed REIT that provides leasing, property management, development, redevelopment, acquisition and other tenant-related services for a portfolio of office, industrial, retail and mixed-use properties. As of December 31, 2015, we owned 179 properties that contain an aggregate of approximately 23.0 million net rentable square feet and consist of 106 office properties, six industrial facilities, three mixed-use properties, one retail property (116 core properties),  59 properties classified as held for sale, two development properties, one redevelopment property and one re-entitlement property (collectively, the “Properties”).  In addition, as of December 31, 2015, we owned economic interests in 16 unconsolidated real estate ventures (collectively, the “Real Estate Ventures”).  Nine of the ventures owned 31 office buildings that contain an aggregate of approximately 4.3 million net rentable square feet; two real estate ventures owned 4.3 acres of undeveloped parcels of land; three real estate ventures owned 2.2 acres of land under active development; one real estate venture owned a residential tower that contains 345 apartment units and one real estate venture owned an apartment complex that contains 398 units. As of December 31, 2015, we also owned 412 acres of undeveloped land, of which 120 acres were held for sale, and held options to purchase a parcel containing approximately 50 additional acres of undeveloped land.  As of December 31, 2015, the total potential development that these land parcels could support under current zoning, entitlements or combination thereof, amounted to 7.1 million square feet.  The Properties and the properties owned by the Real Estate Ventures are located in or near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Metropolitan Washington, D.C.; Southern New Jersey; Richmond, Virginia; Wilmington, Delaware; Austin, Texas and Oakland and Concord California. In addition to managing properties that we own, as of December 31, 2015, we were managing approximately 6.5 million net rentable square feet of office and industrial properties for third parties and Real Estate Ventures.  Unless otherwise indicated, all references in this Form 10-K to square feet represent net rentable area.  We do not have any foreign operations and our business is not seasonal. Our operations are not dependent on a single tenant or a few tenants and no single tenant accounted for more than 10% of our total 2015 revenue.

Organization

The Parent Company was organized and commenced its operations in 1986 as a Maryland REIT. The Parent Company owns its assets and conducts its operations through the Operating Partnership and subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership was formed in 1996 as a Delaware limited partnership. The Parent Company controls the Operating Partnership as its sole general partner. As of December 31, 2015, the Parent Company owned a 99.1% interest in the Operating Partnership. The remaining 0.9% interest in the Operating Partnership consists of common units of limited partnership interest issued to the holders in exchange for contributions of properties to the Operating Partnership. Our structure as an “UPREIT” is designed, in part, to permit persons contributing properties to us to defer some or all of the tax liability they might otherwise incur in a sale of properties.  Our executive offices are located at 555 East Lancaster Avenue, Suite 100, Radnor, Pennsylvania 19087 and our telephone number is (610) 325-5600. We have offices in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; McLean, Virginia; Marlton, New Jersey; Richmond, Virginia; and Austin, Texas. We have an internet website at www.brandywinerealty.com. We are not incorporating by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K any material from our website. The reference to our website is an inactive textual reference to the uniform resource locator (URL) and is for your reference only.

2015 Transactions

Real Estate Acquisitions

We completed each of the transactions described below with unaffiliated third parties in arms’ length transactions.

On July 7, 2015, we acquired a 0.8 acre parcel of land located at 2100 Market Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for $18.8 million. We funded $16.8 million of the purchase price with available corporate funds and the remaining $2.0 million of the purchase price was deferred until the earlier of the commencement of development or 24 months from settlement. We accounted for this transaction as an asset acquisition and capitalized a nominal amount of acquisition related costs and other costs as part of land inventory on our consolidated balance sheet. We agreed with the seller of 2100 Market Street to pay additional consideration to it if we were to acquire certain land parcels adjacent to 2100 Market Street from unaffiliated third parties. The unaffiliated third parties are not party to this

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transaction and our acquisition of any such land parcels would be the result of an arm’s length negotiation. The amount of additional consideration, if any, payable to the seller of 2100 Market Street cannot be determined at this time. We have not yet determined the scope, timing and cost of construction for the project as of December 31, 2015.

On June 22, 2015, through a series of transactions with International Business Machines ("IBM"), we acquired the remaining 50.0% interest in Broadmoor Austin Associates, consisting of seven office buildings and the 66.0 acre underlying land parcel located in Austin, Texas, for an aggregate purchase price of $211.4 million.  The aggregate purchase price includes the carrying amount of our investment in Broadmoor Austin Associates of $66.3 million. The office buildings contain 1,112,236 net rentable square feet of office space and were 100.0% occupied as of June 22, 2015. We funded the cost of the acquisition with an aggregate cash payment of $143.8 million, consisting of $81.0 million from available corporate funds and $62.8 million previously held in escrow related to a Section 1031 like-kind exchange. Part of the cash payment was used at closing to repay, at no repayment penalty, the remaining $51.2 million of secured debt. We incurred $0.2 million of acquisition related costs that are classified within general and administrative expenses.

We previously accounted for our 50.0% non-controlling interest in Broadmoor Austin Associates under the equity method of accounting. As a result of acquiring IBM's remaining 50.0% common interest in Broadmoor Austin Associates, we obtained control of Broadmoor Austin Associates and our existing investment balance was remeasured based on the fair value of the underlying properties acquired and the existing distribution provisions under the relevant partnership agreement. As a result, we recorded a $0.8 million gain on remeasurement.

On April 6, 2015, we acquired a 0.8 acre parcel of land, located at 25 M Street Southeast, Washington, D.C. for $20.3 million. We funded the cost of this acquisition with available corporate funds. We capitalized $0.3 million of acquisition related costs and these costs are included as part of land inventory on our consolidated balance sheet. On May 12, 2015, we subsequently contributed the land parcel into a newly formed real estate venture known as 25 M Street Holdings, LLC (“25 M Street”), a joint venture between us and Jaco 25M Investors, LLC (“Akridge”), an unaffiliated third party, with the intent to construct a 271,000 square foot Class A office property. We hold a 95.0% ownership interest in 25 M Street and Akridge contributed $1.0 million in cash for its 5.0% ownership interest in 25 M Street. The $1.0 million contribution from Akridge was distributed to us during 2015. 25 M Street is consolidated within our financial statements. See Note 4, "Investment in Unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures," to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further information. As of December 31, 2015, 25 M Street had not finalized development plans and total development costs, or received committed debt financing.

On April 2, 2015, we acquired a property located at 618 Market Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, comprised of a 330-space parking garage and 14,404 net rentable square feet of mixed-use space for $19.4 million. Although the property is currently fully operational, we intend to either redevelop the existing property or demolish and fully redevelop the property. As of December 31, 2015, we had not yet begun any such development or redevelopment plans. The purchase price includes contingent consideration, recorded at fair value and payable to the seller upon commencement of development, totaling $1.6 million and cash of $17.8 million.

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Real Estate Dispositions

We sold the following office properties, in each case to unaffiliated third parties in arms’ length transactions, during the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2015 (dollars in thousands):

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We sold the following land parcels during the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2015 (dollars in thousands):

The sales of properties referenced above do not represent a strategic shift that has a major effect on our operations and financial results. As a result, the operating results of these properties remain classified within continuing operations for all periods presented.

Held for Sale

The following is a summary of properties classified as held for sale but which did not meet the criteria to be classified within discontinued operations at December 31, 2015 (in thousands):

 

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The sales of our equity interests and the fee interests in the properties referenced above do not represent a strategic shift that has a major effect on our operations and financial results. As a result, the operating results of these properties remain classified within continuing operations for all periods presented. See Note 21, "Subsequent Events," to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding these dispositions.

Residence Inn Tower Bridge

On December 30, 2015, we sold our entire 50% ownership interest in an unconsolidated real estate venture known as Residence Inn Tower Bridge (the “Residence Inn”). Net proceeds to us were $6.1 million.  The carrying amount of our investment in the Residence Inn amounted to $0.9 million at the sale date, resulting in a $5.2 million gain on sale of our interest in the real estate venture.

JBG Ventures

On May 29, 2015, we and an unaffiliated third party, JBG/DC Manager, LLC ("JBG"), formed 51 N 50 Patterson, Holdings, LLC Venture ("51 N Street") and 1250 First Street Office, LLC Venture ("1250 First Street"), as a real estate venture, with us owning a 70.0% interest and JBG owning a 30.0% interest in each of the two ventures. At formation, we and JBG made cash contributions of $15.2 million and $6.5 million, respectively, to 51 N Street, which was used to purchase 0.9 acres of undeveloped land. At formation, we and JBG made cash capital contributions of $13.2 million and $5.7 million, respectively, to 1250 First Street, which was used to purchase 0.5 acres of undeveloped land.  See “Developments” section below.

DRA – PA Venture

On December 19, 2007, we formed G&I Interchange Office LLC, a real estate venture (the “Interchange Venture”), with an unaffiliated third party, G&I VI Investment Interchange Office LLC (“G&I VI”), an investment vehicle advised by DRA Advisors LLC. The Interchange Venture owned 29 office properties containing an aggregate of 1,611,961 net rentable square feet located in Montgomery, Lehigh and Bucks counties, Pennsylvania. We contributed these 29 properties to the Interchange Venture upon the Interchange Venture's formation and in exchange for the contribution received a cash distribution from the Interchange Venture and a 20.0% ownership interest in the Interchange Venture.

Interchange Venture’s loan matured on January 1, 2015. On February 27, 2015, the Interchange Venture entered into a forbearance agreement with an unaffiliated lender that held a nonrecourse mortgage on the Interchange Venture's assets. On August 12, 2015, the lender sold the properties to an unaffiliated third-party purchaser under the forbearance agreement and assumed the proceeds. Commensurate with the sale, the Interchange Venture was dissolved.

Austin Venture

On December 31, 2015, we contributed two newly constructed four-story, Class A office buildings, commonly known as “Encino Trace,” containing an aggregate of approximately 320,000 net rentable square feet in Austin, Texas to the Austin Venture.  See Note 3, “Real Estate Investments” to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on the contribution.

On January 30, 2015, the Austin Venture closed on a mortgage loan with a non-affiliated institutional lender, and used the proceeds of the loan to repay in full an $88.0 million short-term secured loan made by us to fund costs of the Austin Venture's acquisition of River Place, a 590,881 net rentable square foot office complex in Austin, Texas. For further information regarding this acquisition, see Note 4, "Investment in Unconsolidated Ventures," to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Developments

As of December 31, 2015, we owned 412 acres of undeveloped land, including 120 acres held for sale, and held options to purchase a parcel containing approximately 50 additional acres of undeveloped land.

JBG - Venture

51 N Street expects to construct two mixed-use buildings, which will include approximately 278,000 square feet of loft office, residential, ground floor retail, movie theater and on-grade public plaza space in Washington, D.C. 51 N Street expects to develop the office buildings on a 0.9 acre land parcel owned by the venture. As of December 31, 2015, the venture had not finalized development plans and total development costs or received committed debt financing.

1250 First Street expects to construct an eleven-story office building, which will include approximately 232,100 square feet of office, 15,300 square feet of retail and 145 below-grade parking spaces in Washington, D.C. 1250 First Street expects to develop the office

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building on a 0.5 acres land parcel owned by the venture. As of December 31, 2015, the venture had not finalized development plans and total development costs or received committed debt financing.

FMC Tower at Cira Centre South

On October 31, 2013, we determined to proceed with development of the FMC Tower at Cira Centre South (the “FMC Tower”) (formerly the Cira Walnut Tower), designed as a trophy class, mixed-use office tower at 30th and Walnut Streets in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. We anticipate the project cost to total $385.0 million, of which $202.8 million had been funded through December 31, 2015.  We intend to fund remaining development costs through a combination of potential sources, including existing cash balances, availability under our unsecured line of credit, capital raised through one or more joint venture formations, proceeds from asset sales or equity and debt financing. The costs to complete the project will be funded over the construction period, which commenced in the second quarter of 2014 and is scheduled to conclude during the third quarter of 2016.  We are a party to a development agreement and related ground lease with the University of Pennsylvania for the land parcel that the FMC Tower is being constructed on.

As of December 31, 2015, we had pre-leased an aggregate of 61% of the office square feet of the FMC Tower.  The anchor tenant for approximately 280,000 square feet of office space under a 16-year lease is FMC Corporation, a diversified chemical company serving agricultural, consumer and industrial markets globally.  In addition, we have pre-leased 100,000 square feet of office space to the University of Pennsylvania under a 20-year lease. 

Our ground leases with the University of Pennsylvania have a term through July 2097, with a variable rent that would provide the University of Pennsylvania with a percentage of the cash flow or proceeds of specified capital events subject to our receipt of a priority return on eligible investments.

1919 Ventures

On January 20, 2011, we acquired a one acre parcel of land in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for $9.3 million. We thereafter contributed the acquired land into a then newly-formed general partnership, referred to below as “1919 Ventures” in return for a 50.0% general partner interest, with the remaining 50.0% interest owned by an unaffiliated third party, who contributed cash in exchange for its interest. On October 15, 2014, we acquired the interest of the unaffiliated third party at fair value, which approximated carrying value. No remeasurement gain or loss on our previous investment was recorded at that time.

On October 21, 2014, we admitted an unaffiliated third party, LCOR/CalSTRS (“LCOR”) into 1919 Ventures, for $8.2 million representing a 50% interest and, reflecting an agreed upon $16.4 million valuation of the land and improvements incurred by us on behalf of 1919 Ventures.

On October 27, 2014, 1919 Ventures announced a planned 29-story, 455,000 square foot contemporary glass tower development.  The tower has been designed as a mixed-use development consisting of residential, retail and parking components. The residential component of the project will be comprised of 321 luxury apartments. The commercial space will consist of 24,000 square feet and was 100% pre-leased at December 31, 2015.  The parking component will consist of a 215-car structured parking facility.  Total project costs are estimated at $148.1 million.  A portion of the costs are being funded with proceeds of an $88.9 million secured construction loan from an unaffiliated institutional lender, and the remaining $59.2 million was fully funded with equity contributions from each of us and LCOR.  As of December 31, 2015, $19.4 million was outstanding on the construction loan and equity contributions of $29.6 million had been funded by each of us and LCOR.

4040 Wilson Venture

On July 31, 2013, we formed 4040 Wilson LLC Venture (“4040 Wilson”), as a joint venture between us and Ashton Park Associates LLC (“Ashton Park”), an unaffiliated third party. We and Ashton Park own a 50% interest in 4040 Wilson. 4040 Wilson expects to construct a 426,900 square foot office building representing the final phase of the eight building, mixed-use, Liberty Center complex developed by the parent company of Ashton Park in the Ballston submarket of Arlington, Virginia. 4040 Wilson expects to develop the office building on a 1.3 acre land parcel contributed by Ashton Park to 4040 Wilson at an agreed upon valuation of $36.0 million. The total estimated project costs are $194.6 million, which we expect will be financed through approximately $72.0 million of partner capital contributions (consisting of $36.0 million in cash from us, of which $35.6 million has been funded to date, and land with a value of $36.0 million from Ashton Park), with the remaining balance funded by debt financing through a construction lender that has not yet been determined. During the second quarter of 2015, 4040 Wilson completed the construction of the garage structure.  We expect groundbreaking on the building structure to commence upon achievement of certain pre-leasing levels, at which point 4040 Wilson expects to obtain debt financing for the remainder of the project costs.  

Other Development Services

On December 3, 2015, we entered into an agreement as development manager to construct Subaru of America’s corporate headquarters (the “Subaru Headquarters Development”), an office property containing five floors and approximately 250,000 square

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feet, on land owned by Subaru and located in Camden, New Jersey. In addition to development fees, the agreement provides us the ability to earn additional profit if total project costs are less than the not-to-exceed (“NTE”) amount.  The NTE amount, currently at $77.3 million, may be adjusted by change orders agreed upon by both Subaru and us.  If construction costs are in excess of the NTE amount, we are obligated to pay such cost overruns.  

Also on December 3, 2015, we entered into an agreement to construct an 83,000 square foot build-to-suit service center on land parcels owned by us for Subaru of America as the single tenant. On such date, Subaru of America entered into an 18-year lease for the service center. The lease contains a purchase option, which allows Subaru to purchase the property at commencement of the lease, or five years subsequent to inception, at depreciated cost. We currently expect to deliver the building during the third quarter of 2018.  At December 31, 2015, we had not finalized development plans or total development costs.

Business Objective and Strategies for Growth

Our business objective is to deploy capital effectively to maximize our return on investment and thereby maximize our total return to shareholders. To accomplish this objective we seek to:

We also consider the following to be important objectives:

We expect to concentrate our real estate activities in markets where we believe that:

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Operating Strategy

We currently expect to continue to operate in markets where we have a concentration advantage due to economies of scale. We believe that where possible, it is best to operate with a strong base of properties in order to benefit from the personnel allocation and the market strength associated with managing multiple properties in the same market. We also intend to selectively dispose of properties and redeploy capital if we determine a property cannot meet our long term earnings growth expectations. We believe that recycling capital is an important aspect of maintaining the overall quality of our portfolio.

Our broader strategy remains focused on continuing to enhance liquidity and strengthen our balance sheet through capital retention, debt reduction, targeted sales activity and management of our existing and prospective liabilities.

In the long term, we believe that we are well positioned in our current markets and have the expertise to take advantage of both development and acquisition opportunities, as warranted by market and economic conditions, in new markets that have healthy long-term fundamentals and strong growth projections. This capability, combined with what we believe is a conservative financial structure, should allow us to achieve disciplined growth. These abilities are integral to our strategy of having a diverse portfolio of assets, which will meet the needs of our tenants.

We use experienced on site construction superintendents, operating under the supervision of project managers and senior management, to control the construction process and mitigate the various risks associated with real estate development.

In order to fund developments, redevelopments and acquisitions, as well as refurbish and improve existing properties, we must use excess cash from operations after satisfying our dividend and other financing requirements. The availability of funds for new investments and maintenance of existing properties depends in large measure on capital markets and liquidity factors over which we can exert little control.

Policies With Respect To Certain Activities

The following is a discussion of our investment, financing and other policies. These policies have been determined by our Board of Trustees and our Board of Trustees may revise these policies without a vote of shareholders.

Investments in Real Estate or Interests in Real Estate

Our investment objectives are to provide quarterly cash dividends to our shareholders and to achieve long-term capital appreciation through increases in the value of Brandywine Realty Trust.

We expect to continue our investment objectives primarily through the development, purchase or our current ownership in lease income-producing properties for long-term investment, expand and improve the properties presently owned or other properties purchased, or sell such properties, in whole or in part, as circumstances warrant. Although there is no limitation on the types of development activities that we may undertake, we expect that our development activities will meet current market demand and will generally be on a build-to-suit basis for particular tenants where a significant portion of the building is pre-leased before construction begins. We continue to participate with other entities in property ownership through existing joint ventures or other types of co-ownership. Our equity investments may be subject to existing or future mortgage financing and other indebtedness that will have priority over our equity investments.

Securities of or Interests in Entities Primarily Engaged in Real Estate Activities and Other Issuers

Subject to the percentage of ownership limitations and gross income tests necessary for REIT qualification, we may invest in securities of other REITs, other entities engaged in real estate activities or securities of other issuers. We may enter into joint ventures or partnerships for the purpose of obtaining an equity interest in a particular property. We do not currently intend to invest in the securities of other issuers except in connection with joint ventures or acquisitions of indirect interests in properties.

Investments in Real Estate Mortgages

While our current portfolio consists of, and our business objectives emphasize, equity investments in commercial real estate, we may, at the discretion of management or our Board of Trustees, invest in other types of equity real estate investments, mortgages and other real estate interests. We do not presently intend to invest to a significant extent in mortgages or deeds of trust, but may invest in participating mortgages if we conclude that we may benefit from the cash flow or any appreciation in the value of the property securing a mortgage. From time to time, we provide seller financing to buyers of our properties. We do this when the buyer requires additional funds for the purchase and provision of seller financing will be beneficial to us and the buyer compared to a mortgage loan from a third party lender.

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Dispositions

Our disposition of properties is based upon management’s periodic review of our portfolio and the determination by management or our Board of Trustees that a disposition would be in our best interests. We intend to use selective dispositions to reduce our ownership in non-core markets and fund our capital and refinancing needs.

Financing Policies

A primary objective of our financing policy has been to manage our financial position to allow us to raise capital from a variety of sources at competitive rates. Our mortgages, credit facilities and unsecured debt securities contain restrictions on our ability to incur indebtedness. Our charter documents do not limit the indebtedness that we may incur. Our financing strategy is to maintain a strong and flexible financial position by limiting our debt to a prudent level and minimizing our variable interest rate exposure. We intend to finance future growth and future maturing debt with the most advantageous source of capital then available to us. These sources may include the sale of wholly owned properties or interests in real estate ventures, selling additional common or preferred equity and debt securities through public offerings or private placements, utilizing availability under our credit facilities or incurring additional indebtedness through secured or unsecured borrowings. To qualify as a REIT, we must distribute to our shareholders each year at least 90% of our net taxable income, excluding any net capital gain. This distribution requirement limits our ability to fund future capital needs, including for acquisitions and developments, from income from operations. Therefore, we expect to continue to rely on third party sources of capital to fund future capital needs.

Guarantees

As of December 31, 2015, we have provided guarantees on behalf of certain of the real estate ventures, consisting of (i) a $24.7 million payment guaranty on the construction loan for evo at Cira; (ii) a $3.2 million payment guarantee on the construction loan for TB-BDN Plymouth Apartments; (iii) a several cost overrun guaranty on the $88.9 million construction loan for the development project being undertaken by 1919 Ventures; and (iv) a $0.5 million payment guarantee on a loan provided to PJP VII.  In addition, during construction undertaken by real estate ventures, we have provided and expect to continue to provide cost overrun and completion guarantees, with rights of contribution among partners in the real estate ventures, and once construction is complete, customary environmental indemnities and guarantees of customary exceptions to nonrecourse provisions in loan agreements. For additional information regarding these real estate ventures, see Note 4, "Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures," to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

Also as of December 31, 2015, we provided a cost overrun guarantee on the Subaru Headquarters Development (See “Other Development Services” section above) for amounts in excess of the NTE amount.  The NTE amount, currently at $77.3 million, may be adjusted by change orders agreed upon by both Subaru and us.  We are obligated to pay for construction costs in excess of the NTE amount. The terms of the guarantee do not provide a limitation on the costs we may be responsible for.

Working Capital Reserves

We maintain working capital reserves and access to borrowings in amounts that our management determines to be adequate to meet our normal contingencies.

Policies with Respect to Other Activities

We expect to issue additional common and preferred equity in the future and may authorize our Operating Partnership to issue additional common and preferred units of limited partnership interest, including to persons who contribute their interests in properties to us in exchange for such units. We have not engaged in trading, underwriting or agency distribution or sale of securities of unaffiliated issuers and we do not intend to do so. We intend to make investments consistent with our qualification as a REIT, unless because of circumstances or changes in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (or the Treasury Regulations), our Board of Trustees determines that it is no longer in our best interests to qualify as a REIT. We may make loans to third parties, including to joint ventures in which we participate and to buyers of our real estate. We intend to make investments in such a way that we will not be treated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940.

Management Activities

We provide third-party real estate management services primarily through wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership (collectively, the “Management Companies”). As of December 31, 2015, the Management Companies were managing properties containing an aggregate of approximately 29.5 million net rentable square feet, of which approximately 23.0 million net rentable square feet related to properties owned by us and approximately 6.5 million net rentable square feet related to properties owned by third parties and unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures.

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Geographic Segments

During the year ended December 31, 2015, we were managing our portfolio within seven segments: (1) Pennsylvania Suburbs, (2) Philadelphia Central Business District (“CBD”), (3) Metropolitan Washington, D.C., (4) New Jersey/Delaware, (5) Richmond, Virginia, (6) Austin, Texas and (7) California. The Pennsylvania Suburbs segment includes properties in Chester, Delaware, and Montgomery counties in the Philadelphia suburbs. The Philadelphia CBD segment includes properties located in the City of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania. The Metropolitan Washington, D.C. segment includes properties in the District of Columbia, Northern Virginia and southern Maryland. The New Jersey/Delaware segment includes properties in Burlington and Camden counties in New Jersey and New Castle county in the state of Delaware. The Richmond, Virginia segment includes properties primarily in Albemarle, Chesterfield, Goochland and Henrico counties and one property in Durham, North Carolina.  The Austin, Texas segment includes properties in the City of Austin, Texas.  The California segment includes properties in the City of Oakland and the City of Concord, California.  The corporate group is responsible for cash and investment management, development of certain real estate properties during the construction period, and certain other general support functions. See Note 18, “Segment Information,” to our Consolidated Financial Statements for information on selected assets and results of operations of our reportable segments for the three years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013.

As a result of the Och Ziff Sale that occurred on February 4, 2016, we have narrowed our segments to four core markets located in: (1) Pennsylvania Suburbs, (2) Philadelphia Central Business District (“CBD”), (3) Metropolitan Washington, D.C. and (4) Austin, Texas. The Och Ziff Sale disposed of the entire Richmond, Virginia segment. Subsequent to the Och Ziff Sale, the segments previously defined as New Jersey/Delaware and California will be managed as a consolidated segment entitled “Other,” as these geographies no longer provide a significant revenue contribution. Accordingly, the chief operating decision maker is revising the management structure and allocating more resources to the four core markets beginning January 1, 2016.

Competition

The real estate business is highly competitive. Our Properties compete for tenants with similar properties primarily on the basis of location, total occupancy costs (including base rent and operating expenses), services and amenities provided, and the design and condition of the improvements. We also face competition when attempting to acquire or develop real estate, including competition from domestic and foreign financial institutions, other REITs, life insurance companies, pension funds, partnerships and individual investors. Additionally, our ability to compete depends upon trends in the economies of our markets, investment alternatives, financial condition and operating results of current and prospective tenants, availability and cost of capital, construction and renovation costs, land availability, our ability to obtain necessary construction approvals, taxes, governmental regulations, legislation and population trends.

Insurance

We maintain commercial general liability and “all risk” property insurance on our properties. We intend to obtain similar coverage for properties we acquire in the future. There are types of losses, generally of a catastrophic nature, such as losses from war, terrorism, environmental issues, floods, hurricanes and earthquakes that are subject to limitations in certain areas or which may be uninsurable risks. We exercise our discretion in determining amounts, coverage limits and deductibility provisions of insurance, with a view to maintaining appropriate insurance on our investments at a reasonable cost and on suitable terms. If we suffer a substantial loss, our insurance coverage may not be sufficient to pay the full current market value or current replacement cost of our lost investment. Inflation, changes in building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations and other factors also might make it impractical to use insurance proceeds to fully replace or restore a property after it has been damaged or destroyed.

Employees

As of December 31, 2015, we had 401 full-time employees, including 12 union employees.

Government Regulations Relating to the Environment

Many laws and governmental regulations relating to the environment apply to us and changes in these laws and regulations, or their interpretation by agencies and the courts, occur frequently and may adversely affect us.

Existing conditions at some of our Properties. Independent environmental consultants have conducted Phase I or similar environmental site assessments on our Properties. We generally obtain these assessments prior to the acquisition of a property and may later update them as required for subsequent financing of the property or as requested by a tenant. Site assessments are generally performed to ASTM standards then existing for Phase I site assessments, and typically include a historical review, a public records review, a visual inspection of the surveyed site, and the issuance of a written report. These assessments do not generally include any soil samplings or subsurface investigations. Depending on the age of the property, the Phase I may have included an assessment of asbestos-containing materials. For properties where asbestos-containing materials were identified or suspected, an operations and maintenance plan was generally prepared and implemented. See Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” to our

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Consolidated Financial Statements for our evaluation in accordance with the accounting standard governing asset retirement obligations.

Historical operations at or near some of our Properties, including the operation of underground storage tanks, may have caused soil or groundwater contamination. We are not aware of any such condition, liability or concern by any other means that would give rise to material, uninsured environmental liability. However, the assessments may have failed to reveal all environmental conditions, liabilities or compliance concerns; there may be material environmental conditions, liabilities or compliance concerns that a review failed to detect or which arose at a property after the review was completed; future laws, ordinances or regulations may impose material additional environmental liability; and current environmental conditions at our Properties may be affected in the future by tenants, third parties or the condition of land or operations near our Properties, such as the presence of underground storage tanks. We cannot be certain that costs of future environmental compliance will not affect our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.

Use of hazardous materials by some of our tenants. Some of our tenants handle hazardous substances and wastes on our Properties as part of their routine operations. Environmental laws and regulations may subject these tenants, and potentially us, to liability resulting from such activities. We generally require our tenants, in their leases, to comply with these environmental laws and regulations and to indemnify us for any related liabilities. These tenants are primarily involved in the life sciences and the light industrial and warehouse businesses. We are not aware of any material noncompliance, liability or claim relating to hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum products in connection with any of our Properties, and we do not believe that on-going activities by our tenants will have a material adverse effect on our operations.

Costs related to government regulation and private litigation over environmental matters. Under environmental laws and regulations, we may be liable for the costs of removal, remediation or disposal of hazardous or toxic substances present or released on our Properties. These laws could impose liability without regard to whether we are responsible for, or knew of, the presence or release of the hazardous materials. Government investigations and remediation actions may entail substantial costs and the presence or release of hazardous substances on a property could result in governmental cleanup actions or personal injury or similar claims by private plaintiffs.

Potential environmental liabilities may exceed our environmental insurance coverage limits. We carry what we believe to be sufficient environmental insurance to cover potential liability for soil and groundwater contamination, mold impact, and the presence of asbestos-containing materials at the affected sites identified in our environmental site assessments. Our insurance policies are subject to conditions, qualifications and limitations. Therefore, we cannot provide any assurance that our insurance coverage will be sufficient to cover all liabilities for losses.

Potential environmental liabilities may adversely impact our ability to use or sell assets. The presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination may impair our ability to sell or lease real estate or to borrow using the real estate as collateral.

Code of Conduct

We maintain a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applicable to our Board of Trustees and all of our officers and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, controller and persons performing similar functions. A copy of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available on our website, www.brandywinerealty.com. In addition to being accessible through our website, copies of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics can be obtained, free of charge, upon written request to Investor Relations, 555 East Lancaster Avenue, Suite 100, Radnor, PA 19087. Any amendments to or waivers of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that apply to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, controller and persons performing similar functions and that relate to any matter enumerated in Item 406(b) of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC will be disclosed on our website.

Corporate Governance Principles and Board Committee Charters

Our Corporate Governance Principles and the charters of the Executive Committee, Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board of Trustees of Brandywine Realty Trust and additional information regarding our corporate governance are available on our website, www.brandywinerealty.com. In addition to being accessible through our website, copies of our Corporate Governance Principles and charters of our Board Committees can be obtained, free of charge, upon written request to Investor Relations, Brandywine Realty Trust, 555 East Lancaster Avenue, Suite 100, Radnor, PA 19087.

Availability of SEC Reports

We file annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K and other information with the SEC. Members of the public may read and copy materials that we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Members of the public may also obtain information on the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-732-0330. The SEC also maintains an Internet web site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers, including us, that file electronically with the SEC. The address of that site is http://www.sec.gov.

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Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K and other information filed by us with the SEC are available, without charge, on our Internet web site, http://www.brandywinerealty.com as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed electronically with the SEC. Copies are also available, free of charge, upon written request to Investor Relations, Brandywine Realty Trust, 555 East Lancaster Avenue, Suite 100, Radnor, PA 19087.

 

 

Our business, financial condition, results from operations and ability to make distributions on our equity and to pay debt service on our indebtedness may be affected by the risk factors set forth below. All investors (including shareholders in the Parent Company and units in the Operating Partnership) should consider the following risk factors before deciding to purchase our securities.  This section contains forward-looking statements.  Please refer to the explanation of the qualifications and limitations on forward-looking statements beginning on page 7.

Adverse economic and geopolitical conditions could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and our ability to pay distributions to you.

Our business is affected by global, national and local economic conditions.  Our portfolio consists primarily of office buildings (as compared to real estate companies with portfolios of multiple asset classes).  Our economic performance and the value of our real estate assets, and consequently the value of our securities, are subject to the risk that if our properties do not generate revenues sufficient to meet our operating expenses, including debt service and capital expenditures, our cash flow and ability to pay distributions to our security holders will be adversely affected. The following factors, among others, may adversely affect the income generated by our properties and our performance generally:

Our performance is dependent upon the economic conditions of the markets in which our properties are located.

Our results of operations will be significantly influenced by the economies and other conditions of the real estate markets in which we operate, particularly in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the Pennsylvania Suburbs, the District of Columbia, Northern Virginia, Southern Maryland and Austin, Texas. Any adverse changes in economic conditions in the future in any of these economies or real estate markets could negatively affect cash available for distribution. Our financial performance and ability to make distributions to our shareholders will be particularly sensitive to the economic conditions in these markets. The local economic climate, which may be adversely impacted by business layoffs or downsizing, industry slowdowns, changing demographics and other factors, and local real estate conditions, such as demand for office space, operating expenses and real estate taxes, may affect revenues and the value of properties, including properties to be acquired or developed. We cannot assure you that these local economies will grow in the future.

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We face risks associated with the development of mixed-use commercial properties.

We operate, are currently developing, and may in the future develop, properties either alone or through real estate ventures with other persons that are known as “mixed-use” developments. This means that in addition to the development of office space, the project may also include space for residential, retail, hotel or other commercial purposes. We have limited experience in developing and managing non-office real estate. As a result, if a development project includes a non-office or non-retail use, we may seek to develop that component ourselves, sell the rights to that component to a third-party developer with experience in that use or we may seek to partner with such a developer. If we do not sell the rights or partner with such a developer, or if we choose to develop the other component ourselves, we would be exposed not only to those risks typically associated with the development of commercial real estate generally, but also to specific risks associated with the development and ownership of non-office and non-retail real estate. In addition, even if we sell the rights to develop certain components or elect to participate in the development through a real estate venture, we may be exposed to the risks associated with the failure of the other party to complete the development as expected. These include the risk that the other party would default on its obligations necessitating that we complete the other component ourselves (including providing any necessary financing). In the case of residential properties, these risks also include competition for prospective residents from other operators whose properties may be perceived to offer a better location or better amenities or whose rent may be perceived as a better value given the quality, location and amenities that the resident seeks. Because we have limited experience with residential properties, we expect to retain third parties to manage our residential properties. If we decide to not sell or participate in a real estate venture and instead hire a third party manager, we would be dependent on them and their key personnel who provide services to us and we may not find a suitable replacement if the management agreement is terminated, or if key personnel leave or otherwise become unavailable to us.

We may suffer adverse consequences due to the financial difficulties, bankruptcy or insolvency of our tenants.

The current economic conditions have caused some of our tenants to experience financial difficulties. If more of our tenants were to continue to experience financial difficulties, including bankruptcy, insolvency or a general downturn in their business, there could be an adverse effect on our financial performance and distributions to shareholders. We cannot assure you that any tenant that files for bankruptcy protection will continue to pay us rent. A bankruptcy filing by or relating to one of our tenants or a lease guarantor would bar efforts by us to collect pre-bankruptcy debts from that tenant or lease guarantor, or its property, unless we receive an order permitting us to do so from the bankruptcy court. In addition, we cannot evict a tenant solely because of bankruptcy. The bankruptcy of a tenant or lease guarantor could delay our efforts to collect past due balances under the relevant leases, and could ultimately preclude collection of these sums. If a lease is assumed by the tenant in bankruptcy, all pre-bankruptcy balances due under the lease must be paid to us in full. If, however, a lease is rejected by a tenant in bankruptcy, we would have only a general, unsecured claim for damages. Any such unsecured claim would only be paid to the extent that funds are available and only in the same percentage as is paid to all other holders of general, unsecured claims. Restrictions under the bankruptcy laws further limit the amount of any other claims that we can make if a lease is rejected. As a result, it is likely that we would recover substantially less than the full value of the remaining rent during the term. See Item 7., “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Factors that May Influence Future Results of Operations - Tenant Credit Risk.”

An increase in interest rates would increase our interest costs on variable rate debt and could adversely impact our ability to refinance existing debt or sell assets on favorable terms or at all.

Rising interest rates could limit our ability to refinance existing debt when it matures or significantly increase our future interest expense. From time to time, we enter into interest rate swap agreements and other interest rate hedging contracts. While these agreements are intended to lessen the impact of rising interest rates on us, they also expose us to the risk that the other parties to the agreements will not perform, we could incur significant costs associated with the settlement of the agreements, the agreements will be unenforceable and the underlying transactions will fail to qualify as highly-effective cash flow hedges under the applicable accounting guidance. In addition, an increase in interest rates could decrease the amounts third-parties are willing to pay for our assets, thereby limiting our ability to recycle capital and change our portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions.

Our degree of leverage could limit our ability to obtain additional financing or affect the market price of our equity shares or debt securities.

Like other real estate companies which incur debt, we are subject to risks associated with debt financing, such as the insufficiency of cash flow to meet required debt service payment obligations and the inability to refinance existing indebtedness. If our debt cannot be paid, refinanced or extended at maturity, we may not be able to make distributions to shareholders at expected levels or at all. Furthermore, an increase in our interest expense could adversely affect our cash flow and ability to make distributions to shareholders. If we do not meet our debt service obligations, any properties securing such indebtedness could be foreclosed on, which would have a material adverse effect on our cash flow and ability to make distributions and, depending on the number of properties foreclosed on, could threaten our continued viability.   Our degree of leverage could also make us more vulnerable to a downturn in business or the economy in general.

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The terms and covenants relating to our indebtedness could adversely impact our economic performance.

Our credit facilities, term loans and the indenture governing our unsecured public debt securities contain (and any new or amended facility and term loans will contain) restrictions, requirements and other limitations on our ability to incur indebtedness, including total debt to asset ratios, secured debt to total asset ratios, debt service coverage ratios and minimum ratios of unencumbered assets to unsecured debt which we must maintain. Our ability to borrow under our credit facilities is subject to compliance with such financial and other covenants. In the event that we fail to satisfy these covenants, we would be in default under the credit facilities, the term loans and the indenture and may be required to repay such debt with capital from other sources. Under such circumstances, other sources of capital may not be available to us, or may be available only at unattractive terms. In addition, the mortgages on our properties, including mortgages encumbering our Real Estate Ventures, contain customary covenants such as those that limit our ability, without the prior consent of the lender, to further mortgage the applicable property or to discontinue insurance coverage. If we breach covenants in our secured debt agreements, the lenders can declare a default and take possession of the property securing the defaulted loan.

A downgrading of our debt could subject us to higher borrowing costs.

In the event that our unsecured debt is downgraded by Moody’s Investor Services and Standard & Poor’s from the current ratings, we would likely incur higher borrowing costs and the market prices of our common shares and debt securities might decline.

We may experience increased operating costs, which might reduce our profitability.

Our properties are subject to increases in operating expenses such as for cleaning, electricity, heating, ventilation and air conditioning, administrative costs and other costs associated with security, landscaping and repairs and maintenance of our properties. In general, our tenant leases allow us to pass through all or a portion of these costs to them. We cannot assure you, however, that tenants will actually bear the full burden of these higher costs, or that such increased costs will not lead them, or other prospective tenants, to seek office space elsewhere. If operating expenses increase, the availability of other comparable office space in our core geographic markets might limit our ability to increase rents; if operating expenses increase without a corresponding increase in revenues, our profitability could diminish and limit our ability to make distributions to shareholders.

Our investment in property development or redevelopment may be more costly or difficult to complete than we anticipate.

We intend to continue to develop properties where market conditions warrant such investment. Once made, these investments may not produce results in accordance with our expectations. Risks associated with our development and construction activities include:

See Item 7., “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Factors that May Influence Future Results of Operations - Development Risk.”

Our development projects and third party property management business may subject us to certain liabilities.

We may hire and supervise third party contractors to provide construction, engineering and various other services for wholly owned development projects, development projects undertaken by real estate ventures in which we hold an equity interest and manage or properties we are managing on behalf of unaffiliated third parties.  Certain of these contracts are structured such that we are the principal rather than the agent.  As a result, we may assume liabilities in the course of the project and be subjected to, or become liable for, claims for construction defects, negligent performance of work or other similar actions by third parties we have engaged. Adverse outcomes of disputes or litigation could negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition, particularly if we

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have not limited the extent of the damages to which we may be liable, or if our liabilities exceed the amounts of the insurance that we carry. Moreover, our tenants and third party customers may seek to hold us accountable for the actions of contractors because of our role even if we have technically disclaimed liability as a legal matter, in which case we may determine it necessary to participate in a financial settlement for purposes of preserving the tenant or customer relationship.

Acting as a principal may also mean that we pay a contractor before we have been reimbursed, which exposes us to additional risks of collection in the event of a bankruptcy or insolvency. The reverse can occur as well, where a contractor we have paid files bankruptcy or commits fraud with the funds before completing a project which we have funded in part or in full. As part of our project management business, we are responsible for managing the various other contractors required for a project, including general contractors, in order to ensure that the cost of a project does not exceed the contract amount and that the project is completed on time. In the event that one or more of the contractors involved does not, or cannot, perform as a result of bankruptcy or for another reason, we may be responsible for cost overruns, as well as the consequences of late delivery. In the event that we have not accurately estimated our own costs of providing services under guaranteed cost contracts, we may be exposed to such losses on the contract until we are able to legally terminate them.

We face risks associated with property acquisitions.

We have recently acquired properties, and may in the future continue to acquire properties and portfolios of properties, including large portfolios that would increase our size and potentially alter our capital structure.  The success of such transactions is subject to a number of factors, including the risks that:

Acquired properties may subject us to known and unknown liabilities.

Properties that we acquire may be subject to known and unknown liabilities for which we would have no recourse, or only limited recourse, to the former owners of such properties. As a result, if a liability were asserted against us based upon ownership of an acquired property, we might be required to pay significant sums to settle it, which could adversely affect our financial results and cash flow. Unknown liabilities relating to acquired properties could include:

We have agreed not to sell certain of our properties and to maintain indebtedness subject to guarantees.

We acquired in the past and in the future may acquire properties or portfolios of properties through tax deferred contribution transactions in exchange for partnership interests in our Operating Partnership. This acquisition structure has the effect, among other factors, of reducing the amount of tax depreciation we can deduct over the tax life of the acquired properties, and typically requires that we agree to protect the contributors’ ability to defer recognition of taxable gain through restrictions on our ability to dispose of the acquired properties and/or the allocation of partnership debt to the contributors to maintain their tax bases.  We agreed not to sell some of our properties for varying periods of time, in transactions that would trigger taxable income to the former owners, and we may enter into similar arrangements as a part of future property acquisitions. These agreements generally provide that we may dispose of the subject properties only in transactions that qualify as tax-free exchanges under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code or in other tax deferred transactions. Such transactions can be difficult to complete and can result in the property acquired in exchange for the disposed of property inheriting the tax attributes (including tax protection covenants) of the sold property. Violation of these tax protection agreements would impose significant costs on us. As a result, we are restricted with respect to decisions related to financing, encumbering, expanding or selling these properties.  These restrictions on dispositions could limit our ability to sell an asset or pay down partnership debt during a specified time, or on terms, that would be favorable absent such restrictions.

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We have also entered into agreements that provide prior owners of properties with the right to guarantee specific amounts of indebtedness and, in the event that the specific indebtedness that they guarantee is repaid or reduced, we would be required to provide substitute indebtedness for them to guarantee. These agreements may hinder actions that we may otherwise desire to take to repay or refinance guaranteed indebtedness because we would be required to make payments to the beneficiaries of such agreements if we violate these agreements.

We may be unable to renew leases or re-lease space as leases expire; certain leases may expire early.

If tenants do not renew their leases upon expiration, we may be unable to re-lease the space. Even if the tenants do renew their leases or if we can re-lease the space, the terms of renewal or re-leasing (including the cost of required renovations) may be less favorable than the current lease terms. Certain leases grant the tenants an early termination right upon payment of a termination penalty or if we fail to comply with certain material lease terms. Our inability to renew or release spaces and the early termination of certain leases could affect our ability to make distributions to shareholders. See Item 7., “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Factors that May Influence Future Results of Operations - Tenant Rollover Risk.”

Competition could limit our ability to lease residential rental properties or increase or maintain rents.

Through the recent development of the FMC Tower and the real estate ventures at 1919 Market Street and evo at Cira Centre South, our future income contributions from residential real estate will increase. These properties, which are luxury apartments, corporate suites and upscale student housing located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, will compete with other housing alternatives to attract residents, including rental apartments, condominiums and other single-family homes available for rent as well as new and existing condominiums and single-family homes for sale. Our competitors’ may offer a more desirable location or have leasing terms more favorable than those we can provide. In addition, our ability to compete and generate favorable returns depends upon, among other factors, trends of the national and local economies, the financial condition and liquidity of current and prospective renters, availability and cost of capital, taxes and governmental regulations. Given significant competition, we expect that as our competitors seek to capitalize on opportunities to purchase undervalued properties in this market and convert them to productive uses, the supply of rental properties may increase and the competition for tenants will intensify, which may adversely affect our operating results and cash flows.

We face significant competition from other real estate developers.

We compete with real estate developers, operators and institutions for tenants and acquisition and development opportunities. Some of these competitors may have significantly greater financial resources than we have. Such competition may reduce the number of suitable investment opportunities available to us, may interfere with our ability to attract and retain tenants and may increase vacancies, which could result in increased supply and lower market rental rates, reducing our bargaining leverage and adversely affect our ability to improve our operating leverage. In addition, some of our competitors may be willing (e.g., because their properties may have vacancy rates higher than those for our properties) to make space available at lower rental rates or with higher tenant concession percentages than available space in our properties. We cannot assure you that this competition will not adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to make distributions to shareholders.

Property ownership through real estate ventures may limit our ability to act exclusively in our interest.

We develop, acquire, and contribute properties in real estate ventures with other persons or entities when we believe circumstances warrant the use of such structures. As of December 31, 2015, we held ownership interests in 16 unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures for an aggregate investment balance of $239.9 million, of which $241.0 million is included in net assets and $1.1 million is included in other liabilities and represents the negative investment balance of one real estate venture. We could become engaged in a dispute with one or more of our real estate venture partners that might affect our ability to operate a jointly-owned property. Moreover, our real estate venture partners may, at any time, have business, economic or other objectives that are inconsistent with our objectives, including objectives that relate to the appropriate timing and terms of any sale or refinancing of a property. In some instances, our real estate venture partners may have competing interests in our markets that could create conflicts of interest. If the objectives of our real estate venture partners or the lenders to our Real Estate Ventures are inconsistent with our own objectives, we may not be able to act exclusively in our interests.

Because real estate is illiquid, we may not be able to sell properties when in our best interest.

Real estate investments generally, and in particular large office and industrial/flex properties like those that we own, often cannot be sold quickly. The capitalization rates at which properties may be sold could be higher than historic rates, thereby reducing our potential proceeds from sale. Consequently, we may not be able to alter our portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions. In addition, the Internal Revenue Code limits our ability to sell properties that we have held for fewer than two years without potential adverse consequences to our shareholders. Furthermore, properties that we have developed and have owned for a significant period of time or that we acquired in exchange for partnership interests in the Operating Partnership often have a low tax

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basis. If we were to dispose of any of these properties in a taxable transaction, we may be required under provisions of the Internal Revenue Code applicable to REITs to distribute a significant amount of the taxable gain to our shareholders and this could, in turn, impact our cash flow. In some cases, tax protection agreements with third parties will prevent us from selling certain properties in a taxable transaction without incurring substantial costs. In addition, purchase options and rights of first refusal held by tenants or partners in real estate ventures may also limit our ability to sell certain properties. All of these factors reduce our ability to respond to changes in the performance of our investments and could adversely affect our cash flow and ability to make distributions to shareholders as well as the ability of someone to purchase us, even if a purchase were in our shareholders’ best interests.

Some potential losses are not covered by insurance.

We currently carry property insurance against all-risks of physical loss or damage (unless otherwise excluded in the policy) including time element and commercial general liability coverage on all of our properties. There are, however, types of losses, such as lease and other contract claims, biological, radiological and nuclear hazards and acts of war that generally are not insured. We cannot assure you that we will be able to renew insurance coverage in an adequate amount or at reasonable prices. In addition, insurance companies may no longer offer coverage against certain types of losses, such as losses due to earthquake, terrorist acts and mold, flood, or, if offered, these types of insurance may be prohibitively expensive. Should an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of insured limits occur, we could lose all or a portion of the capital we have invested in a property, as well as the anticipated future revenue from the property. In such an event, we might nevertheless remain obligated for any mortgage debt or other financial obligations related to the property. We cannot assure you that material losses in excess of insurance proceeds will not occur in the future. If any of our properties were to experience a catastrophic loss, it could seriously disrupt our operations, delay revenue and result in large expenses to repair or rebuild the property. Such events could adversely affect our cash flow and ability to make distributions to shareholders. If one or more of our insurance providers were to fail to pay a claim as a result of insolvency, bankruptcy or otherwise, the nonpayment of such claims could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, if one or more of our insurance providers were to become subject to insolvency, bankruptcy or other proceedings and our insurance policies with the provider were terminated or cancelled as a result of those proceedings, we cannot guarantee that we would be able to find alternative coverage in adequate amounts or at reasonable prices. In such case, we could experience a lapse in any or adequate insurance coverage with respect to one or more properties and be exposed to potential losses relating to any claims that may arise during such period of lapsed or inadequate coverage.

In addition to property and casualty insurance, we use a combination of insurance products, some of which include deductibles and self-insured retention amounts, to provide risk mitigation for the potential liabilities associated with various liabilities, including workers’ compensation, general contractors, directors and officers and employee health-care benefits. Liabilities associated with the risks that are retained by us are estimated, in part, by considering historical claims experience and actuarial assumptions. While we carry general liability and umbrella policies to mitigate such losses on our general liability risks, our results could be materially impacted by claims and other expenses related to such insurance plans if future occurrences and claims differ from these assumptions and historical trends or if employee health-care claims which we self-insure up to a set limit per employee (and which are insured above such self-insured retention amount) exceed our expectations or historic trends.

Terrorist attacks and other acts of violence or war may adversely impact our performance and may affect the markets on which our securities are traded.

Terrorist attacks against our properties, or against the United States or our interests, may negatively impact our operations and the value of our securities. Attacks or armed conflicts could result in increased operating costs; for example, it might cost more in the future for building security, property and casualty insurance, and property maintenance. As a result of terrorist activities and other market conditions, the cost of insurance coverage for our properties could also increase. We might not be able to pass through the increased costs associated with such increased security measures and insurance to our tenants, which could reduce our profitability and cash flow. Furthermore, any terrorist attacks or armed conflicts could result in increased volatility in or damage to the United States and worldwide financial markets and economy. Such adverse economic conditions could affect the ability of our tenants to pay rent and our cost of capital, which could have a negative impact on our results.

Our ability to make distributions is subject to various risks.

Historically, we have paid quarterly distributions to our shareholders. Our ability to make distributions in the future will depend upon:

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Certain of these matters are beyond our control and any significant difference between our expectations and actual results could have a material adverse effect on our cash flow and our ability to make distributions to shareholders.

Changes in the tax rates and regulatory requirements may adversely affect our cash flow.

Because increases in income and service taxes are generally not passed through to tenants under leases, such increases may adversely affect our cash flow and ability to make expected distributions to shareholders. Our properties are also subject to various regulatory requirements, such as those relating to the environment, fire and safety. Our failure to comply with these requirements could result in the imposition of fines and damage awards and could result in a default under some of our tenant leases. Moreover, the costs to comply with any new or different regulations could adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to make distributions. We cannot assure you that these requirements will not change or that newly imposed requirements will not require significant expenditures in order to be compliant.

Potential liability for environmental contamination could result in substantial costs.

Under various federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations, we may be liable for the costs to investigate and remove or remediate hazardous or toxic substances on or in our properties, often regardless of whether we know of or are responsible for the presence of these substances. These costs may be substantial. While we do maintain environmental insurance, we cannot be assured that our insurance coverage will be sufficient to protect us from all of the aforesaid remediation costs. Also, if hazardous or toxic substances are present on a property, or if we fail to properly remediate such substances, our ability to sell or rent the property or to borrow using that property as collateral may be adversely affected.

Other laws and regulations govern indoor and outdoor air quality including those that can require the abatement or removal of asbestos-containing materials in the event of damage, demolition, renovation or remodeling and also govern emissions of and exposure to asbestos fibers in the air. The maintenance and removal of lead paint and certain electrical equipment containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and underground storage tanks are also regulated by federal and state laws. We are also subject to risks associated with human exposure to chemical or biological contaminants such as molds, pollens, viruses and bacteria which, above certain levels, can be alleged to be connected to allergic or other health effects and symptoms in susceptible individuals. We could incur fines for environmental compliance and be held liable for the costs of remedial action with respect to the foregoing regulated substances or tanks or related claims arising out of environmental contamination or human exposure to contamination at or from our properties.

Additionally, we develop, manage, lease and/or operate various properties for third parties. Consequently, we may be considered to have been or to be an operator of these properties and, therefore, potentially liable for removal or remediation costs or other potential costs that could relate to hazardous or toxic substances.

Data security breaches may cause damage to our business and reputation.

In the ordinary course of our business we maintain sensitive data, including our proprietary business information and the information of our tenants and business partners, in our data centers and on our networks. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber-attack or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has generally increased in number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. Notwithstanding the security measures undertaken, our information technology may be vulnerable to attacks or breaches resulting in proprietary information being publicly disclosed, lost or stolen.  There can be no assurance that our security efforts and measures will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would not be successful or damaging. Protected information, networks, systems and facilities remain vulnerable because the techniques used in such attempted security breaches evolve and may not be recognized or detected until launched against a target. Accordingly, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate security barriers or other preventative measures.

Data and security breaches could:

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While we maintain insurance coverage that may, subject to policy terms and conditions including deductibles, cover certain aspects of cyber risks, such insurance coverage may be insufficient to cover all losses.

Americans with Disabilities Act compliance could be costly.

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended (“ADA”), requires that all public accommodations and commercial facilities, including office buildings, meet certain federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. Compliance with ADA requirements could involve the removal of structural barriers from certain disabled persons’ entrances which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Other federal, state and local laws may require modifications to or restrict further renovations of our properties with respect to such accesses. Noncompliance with the ADA or similar or related laws or regulations could result in the United States government imposing fines or private litigants being awarded damages against us. In addition, changes to existing requirements or enactments of new requirements could require significant expenditures. Such costs may adversely affect our cash flow and ability to make distributions to shareholders.

Failure to qualify as a REIT would subject us to U.S. federal income tax which would reduce the cash available for distribution to our shareholders.

We operate our business to qualify to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. We have not requested and do not plan to request a ruling from the IRS that we qualify as a REIT, and the statements in this Report are not binding on the IRS or any court. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on the income that we distribute currently to our shareholders. Many of the REIT requirements, however, are highly technical and complex. The determination that we are a REIT requires an analysis of various factual matters and circumstances that may not be totally within our control. For example, to qualify as a REIT, at least 95% of our gross income must come from specific passive sources, such as rent, that are itemized in the REIT tax laws. In addition, to qualify as a REIT, we cannot own specified amounts of debt and equity securities of some issuers. We also are required to distribute to our shareholders with respect to each year at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (excluding net capital gains). The fact that we hold substantially all of our assets through the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries and real estate ventures further complicates the application of the REIT requirements for us. Even a technical or inadvertent mistake could jeopardize our REIT status and, given the highly complex nature of the rules governing REITs and the ongoing importance of factual determinations, we cannot provide any assurance that we will continue to qualify as a REIT. Changes to the rules governing REITS were made by the Protecting Americans From Tax Hikes Act of 2015, signed into law on December 18, 2015, and Congress and the IRS might make further changes to the tax laws and regulations, and the courts might issue new rulings, that make it more difficult, or impossible, for us to remain qualified as a REIT. If we fail to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes and are able to avail ourselves of one or more of the statutory savings provisions in order to maintain our REIT status, we would nevertheless be required to pay penalty taxes of $50,000 or more for each such failure.

If we fail to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, and are unable to avail ourselves of certain savings provisions set forth in the Internal Revenue Code, we would be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates on all of our income. As a taxable corporation, we would not be allowed to take a deduction for distributions to shareholders in computing our taxable income or pass through long term capital gains to individual shareholders at favorable rates. We also could be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax and possibly increased state and local taxes. We would not be able to elect to be taxed as a REIT for four years following the year we first failed to qualify unless the IRS were to grant us relief under certain statutory provisions. If we failed to qualify as a REIT, we would have to pay significant income taxes, which would reduce our net earnings available for investment or distribution to our shareholders. This likely would have a significant adverse effect on our earnings and likely would adversely affect the value of our securities. In addition, we would no longer be required to pay any distributions to shareholders.

Failure of the Operating Partnership (or a subsidiary partnership or real estate venture) to be treated as a partnership would have serious adverse consequences to our shareholders.

If the IRS were to successfully challenge the tax status of the Operating Partnership or any of its subsidiary partnerships or real estate ventures for federal income tax purposes, the Operating Partnership or the affected subsidiary partnership or real estate venture would be taxable as a corporation. In such event we would cease to qualify as a REIT and the imposition of a corporate tax on the Operating Partnership, subsidiary partnership or real estate venture would reduce the amount of cash available for distribution from the Operating Partnership to us and ultimately to our shareholders.

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To maintain our REIT status, we may be forced to borrow funds on a short term basis during unfavorable market conditions.

As a REIT, we are subject to certain distribution requirements, including the requirement to distribute 90% of our REIT taxable income. That may result in our having to make distributions at a disadvantageous time or to borrow funds at unfavorable rates. Compliance with this requirement may hinder our ability to operate solely on the basis of maximizing profits.

We will pay some taxes even if we qualify as a REIT, which will reduce the cash available for distribution to our shareholders.

Even if we qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we will be required to pay certain federal, state and local taxes on our income and property. For example, we will be subject to income tax to the extent we distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, including capital gains. Additionally, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which dividends paid by us in any calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of our ordinary income, 95% of our capital gain net income and 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. Moreover, if we have net income from “prohibited transactions,” that income will be subject to a 100% penalty tax. In general, prohibited transactions are sales or other dispositions of property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. The determination as to whether a particular sale is a prohibited transaction depends on the facts and circumstances related to that sale. We cannot guarantee that sales of our properties would not be prohibited transactions unless we comply with certain statutory safe-harbor provisions.

In addition, any net taxable income earned directly by our taxable REIT subsidiaries, or through entities that are disregarded for federal income tax purposes as entities separate from our taxable REIT subsidiaries, will be subject to federal and possibly state corporate income tax. In this regard, several provisions of the laws applicable to REITs and their subsidiaries ensure that a taxable REIT subsidiary will be subject to an appropriate level of federal income taxation. For example, a taxable REIT subsidiary is limited in its ability to deduct certain interest payments made to an affiliated REIT. In addition, the REIT has to pay a 100% penalty tax on some payments that it receives or on some deductions taken by a taxable REIT subsidiary if the economic arrangements between the REIT, the REIT’s customers, and the taxable REIT subsidiary are not comparable to similar arrangements between unrelated parties. Finally, some state and local jurisdictions may tax some of our income even though as a REIT we are not subject to federal income tax on that income because not all states and localities follow the federal income tax treatment of REITs. To the extent that we and our affiliates are required to pay federal, state and local taxes, we will have less cash available for distributions to our shareholders.

We face possible federal, state and local tax audits.

Because we are organized and qualify as a REIT, we are generally not subject to federal income taxes, but are subject to certain state and local taxes. Certain entities through which we own real estate have undergone tax audits.  There can be no assurance that future audits will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Competition for skilled personnel could increase labor costs.

We compete with various other companies in attracting and retaining qualified and skilled personnel. We depend on our ability to attract and retain skilled management personnel who are responsible for the day-to-day operations of our company. Competitive pressures may require that we enhance our pay and benefits package to compete effectively for such personnel. We may not be able to offset such added costs by increasing the rates we charge our tenants. If there is an increase in these costs or if we fail to attract and retain qualified and skilled personnel, our business and operating results could be harmed.

We are dependent upon our key personnel.

We are dependent upon our key personnel, particularly Gerard H. Sweeney, our President and Chief Executive Officer, Thomas Wirth, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer and George Johnstone Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer. Among the reasons that Messrs. Sweeney, Wirth and Johnstone are important to our success is that each has a beneficial reputation, which attracts business and investment opportunities and assists us in negotiations with lenders, joint venture partners and other investors.  If we lost their services, our relationships with lenders, potential tenants and industry personnel could be affected. We are dependent on our other executive officers for strategic business direction and real estate experience. Loss of their services could adversely affect our operations.

Certain limitations will exist with respect to a third party’s ability to acquire us or effectuate a change in control.

Limitations imposed to protect our REIT status. In order to protect us against the loss of our REIT status, our Declaration of Trust limits any shareholder from owning more than 9.8% in value of our outstanding shares, although we have granted in the past, and may continue to grant in the future certain waivers of this limitation to certain shareholders under certain conditions. The ownership limit may have the effect of precluding acquisition of control of us. If anyone acquires shares in excess of the ownership limit, we may:

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Limitation due to our ability to issue preferred shares. Our Declaration of Trust authorizes our Board of Trustees to cause us to issue preferred shares, without limitation as to amount and without shareholder consent. Our Board of Trustees is able to establish the preferences and rights of any preferred shares issued and these shares could have the effect of delaying or preventing someone from taking control of us, even if a change in control were in our shareholders’ best interests.

Limitation imposed by the Maryland Business Combination Law. The Maryland General Corporation Law, as applicable to Maryland REITs, establishes special restrictions against “business combinations” between a Maryland REIT and “interested shareholders” or their affiliates unless an exemption is applicable. An interested shareholder includes a person, who beneficially owns, and an affiliate or associate of the trust who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of, ten percent or more of the voting power of our then-outstanding voting shares. Among other things, Maryland law prohibits (for a period of five years) a merger and certain other transactions between a Maryland REIT and an interested shareholder unless the board of trustees had approved the transaction before the party became an interested shareholder. The five-year period runs from the most recent date on which the interested shareholder became an interested shareholder. Thereafter, any such business combination must be recommended by the board of trustees and approved by two super-majority shareholder votes unless, among other conditions, the common shareholders receive a minimum price for their shares and the consideration is received in cash or in the same form as previously paid by the interested shareholder for our shares or unless the board of trustees approved the transaction before the party in question became an interested shareholder. The business combination statute could have the effect of discouraging offers to acquire us and of increasing the difficulty of consummating any such offers, even if the acquisition would be in our shareholders’ best interests.

Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act. Maryland law provides that “control shares” of a REIT acquired in a “control share acquisition” shall have no voting rights except to the extent approved by a vote of two-thirds of the vote eligible to be cast on the matter under the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act. Shares construed as “control shares” means that, if aggregated with all other shares previously acquired by the acquirer or in respect of which the acquirer is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing trustees within one of the following ranges of voting power: one-tenth or more but less than one-third, one-third or more but less than a majority or a majority or more of all voting power. Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained shareholder approval. A “control share acquisition” means the acquisition of control shares, subject to certain exceptions. If voting rights or control shares acquired in a control share acquisition are not approved at a shareholder’s meeting, then subject to certain conditions and limitations the issuer may redeem any or all of the control shares for fair value. If voting rights of such control shares are approved at a shareholder’s meeting and the acquirer becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other shareholders may exercise appraisal rights. Any control shares acquired in a control share acquisition which are not exempt under our Bylaws are subject to the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act. Our Bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of our shares. We cannot assure you that this provision will not be repealed, amended or eliminated by us at any time in the future.

Maryland Unsolicited Takeover Act.  Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the Maryland General Corporation Law permits our Board of Trustees, without shareholder approval, and regardless of what is currently in our charter or bylaws, to implement (i) a classified board; (ii) a two-thirds vote requirement for removing a trustee; (iii) a requirement that the number of trustees be fixed only by vote of the trustees; (iv) a requirement that a vacancy on the board be filled only by the remaining trustees and for the remainder of the full term of the class of trustees in which the vacancy occurred; and (v) a majority requirement for the calling by shareholders of a special meeting of shareholders.  This statute could have the effect of discouraging offers to acquire us and of increasing the difficulty of consummating any such offers, even if the acquisition would be in our shareholders’ best interests.

Advance Notice Provisions for Shareholder Nominations and Proposals. Our bylaws require advance notice for shareholders to nominate persons for election as trustees at, or to bring other business before, any meeting of our shareholders. This bylaw provision limits the ability of shareholders to make nominations of persons for election as trustees or to introduce other proposals unless we are notified in a timely manner prior to the meeting.

Many factors can have an adverse effect on the market value of our securities.

A number of factors might adversely affect the price of our securities, many of which are beyond our control. These factors include:

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The market value of our common shares is based primarily upon the market’s perception of our growth potential and our current and potential future earnings and cash distributions. Consequently, our common shares may trade at prices that are higher or lower than our net asset value per common share. If our future earnings or cash distributions are less than expected, it is likely that the market price of our common shares will diminish.

Additional issuances of equity securities may be dilutive to shareholders.

The interests of our shareholders could be diluted if we issue additional equity securities to finance future developments or acquisitions or to repay indebtedness. Our Board of Trustees may authorize the issuance of additional equity securities without shareholder approval. Our ability to execute our business strategy depends upon our access to an appropriate blend of debt financing, including unsecured lines of credit and other forms of secured and unsecured debt, and equity financing, including the issuance of common and preferred equity.

The issuance of preferred securities may adversely affect the rights of holders of our common shares.

Because our Board of Trustees has the power to establish the preferences and rights of each class or series of preferred shares, we may afford the holders in any series or class of preferred shares preferences, distributions, powers and rights, voting or otherwise, senior to the rights of holders of common shares. Our Board of Trustees also has the power to establish the preferences and rights of each class or series of units in the Operating Partnership, and may afford the holders in any series or class of preferred units preferences, distributions, powers and rights, voting or otherwise, senior to the rights of holders of common units.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of integrated internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results.

An effective system of internal control over financial reporting is necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports, prevent fraud and operate successfully as a public company. As part of our ongoing monitoring of internal controls, we may discover material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal controls that we believe require remediation. If we discover such weaknesses, we will make efforts to improve our internal controls in a timely manner. Any system of internal controls, however well designed and operated, is based in part on certain assumptions and can only provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the system are met. Any failure to maintain effective internal controls, or implement any necessary improvements in a timely manner, could have a materially adverse effect on our business and operating results, or cause us to not meet our reporting obligations, which could affect our ability to remain listed with the New York Stock Exchange. Ineffective internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which would likely have a negative effect on the trading price of our securities.

Changes in accounting pronouncements could adversely affect our operating results, in addition to the reported financial performance of our tenants.

Accounting policies and methods are fundamental to how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations. Uncertainties posed by various initiatives of accounting standard-setting by the Financial Accounting Standards Board and the Securities and Exchange Commission, which create and interpret applicable accounting standards for U.S. companies, may change the financial accounting and reporting standards or their interpretation and application of these standards that govern the preparation of our financial statements.  Proposed changes could include, but are not limited to, changes in lease accounting and the adoption of accounting standards likely to require increased use of “fair-value” measures.

These changes could have a material effect on our reported financial condition and results of operations.  In some cases, we could be required to apply a new or revised standard retroactively, resulting in potentially material restatements of prior period financial statements. Similarly, these changes could have a material impact on our tenants’ reported financial condition or results of operations or could affect our tenants’ preferences regarding leasing real estate.  

None.

 

 

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Property Acquisitions

We completed each of the transactions described below with unaffiliated third parties in arms’ length transactions.

On July 7, 2015, we acquired a 0.8 acre parcel of land located at 2100 Market Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for $18.8 million. We funded $16.8 million of the purchase price with available corporate funds and the remaining $2.0 million of the purchase price was deferred until the earlier of the commencement of development or 24 months from settlement. We accounted for this transaction as an asset acquisition and capitalized a nominal amount of acquisition related costs and other costs as part of land inventory on our consolidated balance sheet. We agreed with the seller of 2100 Market Street to pay additional consideration to it if we were to acquire certain land parcels adjacent to 2100 Market Street from unaffiliated third parties. The unaffiliated third parties are not party to this transaction and our acquisition of any such land parcels would be the result of an arm’s length negotiation. The amount of additional consideration, if any, payable to the seller of 2100 Market Street cannot be determined at this time. We have not yet determined the scope, timing and cost of construction for the project as of December 31, 2015.

On June 22, 2015, through a series of transactions with IBM, we acquired the remaining 50.0% interest in Broadmoor Austin Associates, consisting of seven office buildings and the 66.0 acre underlying land parcel located in Austin, Texas, for an aggregate purchase price of $211.4 million. The aggregate purchase price includes the carrying amount of our investment in Broadmoor Austin Associates of $66.3 million. The office buildings contain 1,112,236 net rentable square feet of office space and were 100.0% occupied as of June 22, 2015. We funded the cost of the acquisition with an aggregate cash payment of $143.8 million, consisting of $81.0 million from available corporate funds and $62.8 million previously held in escrow related to a Section 1031 like-kind exchange. Part of the cash payment was used at closing to repay, at no repayment penalty, the remaining $51.2 million of secured debt. We incurred $0.2 million of acquisition related costs that are classified within general and administrative expenses.

We previously accounted for our 50.0% non-controlling interest in Broadmoor Austin Associates under the equity method of accounting. As a result of acquiring IBM's remaining 50.0% common interest in Broadmoor Austin Associates, we obtained control of Broadmoor Austin Associates and our existing investment balance was remeasured based on the fair value of the underlying properties acquired and the existing distribution provisions under the relevant partnership agreement. As a result, we recorded a $0.8 million gain on remeasurement.

On April 6, 2015, we acquired a 0.8 acre parcel of land, located at 25 M Street Southeast, Washington, D.C. for $20.3 million. We funded the cost of this acquisition with available corporate funds. We capitalized $0.3 million of acquisition related costs and these costs are included as part of land inventory on our consolidated balance sheet. On May 12, 2015, we contributed the land parcel into a newly formed real estate venture known as 25 M Street, a joint venture between us and Akridge, an unaffiliated third party, with the intent to construct a 271,000 square foot Class A office property. We hold a 95.0% ownership interest in 25 M Street and Akridge contributed $1.0 million in cash for its 5.0% ownership interest in 25 M Street. The $1.0 million contribution from Akridge was distributed to us during 2015. 25 M Street is consolidated within our financial statements. See Note 4, "Investment in Unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures," to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further information. As of December 31, 2015, 25 M Street had not finalized development plans and total development costs, or received committed debt financing.

On April 2, 2015, we acquired a property located at 618 Market Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, comprised of a 330-space parking garage and 14,404 net rentable square feet of mixed-use space for $19.4 million. Although the property is currently fully operational, we intend to either redevelop the existing property or demolish and fully redevelop the property. As of December 31, 2015, we had not yet begun any such development or redevelopment plans. The purchase price includes contingent consideration, recorded at fair value and payable to the seller upon commencement of development, totaling $1.6 million and cash of $17.8 million.

Developments

We placed in service the following development properties during the year ended December 31, 2015:

 

 

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As of December 31, 2015, we were continuing the construction of the FMC Tower in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  The building contains a total of 870,000 square feet and is expected to cost $385.0 million, of which $202.8 million has been funded through December 31, 2015.

 

As discussed above in Item 1., “Business - 2015 Transactions,” and Item 1., “Business – Developments,” as of December 31, 2015, we were proceeding through four of our unconsolidated real estate ventures development projects at 51 N Street and 1250 First Street in Washington, D.C, 1919 Market Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and 4040 Wilson in Arlington, Virginia.

Property Sales

We sold the following office properties, in each case to unaffiliated third parties in arms’ length transactions, during the year ended December 31, 2015 (dollars in thousands):

 

 

Under the Encino Trace loan agreement the Austin Venture has the option, subject to certain leasing and loan-to-value requirements, to borrow an additional $29.7 million to fund tenant improvements and leasing commissions.

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We sold the following land parcels during the year ended December 31, 2015 (dollars in thousands):

The sales of properties referenced above do not represent a strategic shift that has a major effect on our operations and financial results. As a result, the operating results of these properties remain classified within continuing operations for all periods presented.

Held for Sale

The following is a summary of properties classified as held for sale but which did not meet the criteria to be classified within discontinued operations at December 31, 2015 (in thousands):

 

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The sales of our equity interests and the fee interests in the properties referenced above do not represent a strategic shift that has a major effect on our operations and financial results. The operating results of these properties remain classified within continuing operations for all periods presented. See Note 21, "Subsequent Events," to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding these dispositions.

Properties

As of December 31, 2015, we owned 179 properties that contain an aggregate of approximately 23.0 million net rentable square feet and consist of 106 office properties, six industrial facilities, three mixed-use properties, one retail property (116 core properties),  59 properties classified as held for sale, two development properties, one redevelopment property and one re-entitlement property (collectively, the “Properties”).  The properties are located in or near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Metropolitan Washington, D.C.; Southern New Jersey; Richmond, Virginia; Wilmington, Delaware; and Oakland and Concord, California. As of December 31, 2015, the properties were approximately 93.5% occupied by 1,245 tenants and had an average age of approximately 23.1 years. The office properties are a combination of urban and transit-oriented suburban office buildings containing an average of approximately 140,638 net rentable square feet. The industrial and mixed-use properties accommodate a variety of tenant uses, including light manufacturing, assembly, distribution and warehousing. We carry comprehensive liability, fire, extended coverage and rental loss insurance covering all of the properties, with policy specifications and insured limits which we believe are adequate.

The following table sets forth information with respect to our core properties at December 31, 2015:

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The following table shows information regarding rental rates and lease expirations for the Properties at December 31, 2015 and assumes that none of the tenants exercises renewal options or termination rights, if any, at or prior to scheduled expirations:

 

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At December 31, 2015, our Properties were leased to 1,245 tenants that are engaged in a variety of businesses. The following table sets forth information regarding leases at the Properties with the 20 tenants having the largest amounts of space leased based upon Annualized Base Rent as of December 31, 2015: 

 

Real Estate Ventures

As of December 31, 2015, we held ownership interests in 16 unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures for an aggregate investment balance of $239.9 million, of which $241.0 million is included in net assets and $1.1 million is included in other liabilities relating to the negative investment balance of one real estate venture. We formed or acquired interests in these Real Estate Ventures with unaffiliated third parties to develop or manage office, residential, and/or mixed-use properties or to acquire land in anticipation of possible development of office, residential, and/or mixed-use properties. As of December 31, 2015, nine of the real estate ventures owned 31 office buildings that contain an aggregate of approximately 4.3 million net rentable square feet; two real estate ventures owned 4.3 acres of undeveloped parcels of land; three real estate ventures owned 2.2 acres of land under active development; one real estate venture owned a residential tower that contains 345 apartment units and one real estate venture owned an apartment complex that contains 398 units.

We account for our investments in these Real Estate Ventures using the equity method.  For further information regarding Real Estate Ventures, see Note 4, “Investment in Unconsolidated Ventures,” of our Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

We are involved from time to time in legal proceedings, including tenant disputes, employee disputes, disputes arising out of agreements to purchase or sell properties and disputes relating to state and local taxes. We generally consider these disputes to be routine to the conduct of our business and management believes that the final outcome of such proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

Not applicable.

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PART II

The common shares of Brandywine Realty Trust are traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “BDN.” There is no established trading market for units of partnership interests in the Operating Partnership. On February 19, 2016, there were 635 holders of record of our common shares and 30 holders of record (in addition to Brandywine Realty Trust) of Class A units of the Operating Partnership. On February 19, 2016, the last reported sales price of the common shares on the NYSE was $12.15. The following table sets forth the quarterly high and low sales price per common share reported on the NYSE for the indicated periods and the distributions paid by us with respect to each such period.

 

 

For each quarter in 2015 and 2014, the Operating Partnership paid a cash distribution per Class A unit in an amount equal to the dividend paid on a common share for each such quarter.

In order to maintain the status of Brandywine Realty Trust as a REIT, we must make annual distributions to shareholders of at least 90% of our taxable income (not including net capital gains). Future distributions will be declared at the discretion of our Board of Trustees and will depend on our actual cash flow, financial condition and capital requirements, the annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and such other factors as our Board of Trustees deems relevant. Our credit facilities contain certain restrictions on the payment of dividends.  Those restrictions permit us to pay dividends to the greater of (i) an aggregate amount required by us to retain our qualification as a REIT and (ii) 95% of our funds from operations. See Note 7, “Debt Obligations,” to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.

Our Board of Trustees has adopted a dividend policy designed such that our distributions are consistent with our normalized taxable income for 2015.  On December 8, 2015, our Board of Trustees declared a quarterly dividend distribution of $0.15 per common share that was paid on January 20, 2016.  On December 9, 2014, our Board of Trustees declared a quarterly dividend distribution of $0.15 per common share that was paid on January 20, 2015.  

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The following table provides information as of December 31, 2015, with respect to compensation plans (including individual compensation arrangements) under which our common shares are authorized for issuance:

 

 

 

We maintain a share repurchase program under which the Board of Trustees has authorized us to repurchase common shares of Brandywine Realty Trust with no expiration date. On July 22, 2015, our Board of Trustees authorized additional share repurchases of up to $100.0 million. Prior to the authorization, 539,200 common shares were available for repurchase under the preexisting share repurchase program. During the year ended December 31, 2015, 5,209,437 common shares have been repurchased and retired at an average purchase price of $12.90 per share, totaling $67.3 million.

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SHARE PERFORMANCE GRAPH

The SEC requires us to present a chart comparing the cumulative total shareholder return on the common shares with the cumulative total shareholder return of (i) a broad equity index and (ii) a published industry or peer group index. The following chart compares the cumulative total shareholder return for the common shares with the cumulative shareholder return of companies on (i) the S&P 500 Index (ii) the Russell 2000 and (iii) the NAREIT ALL-REIT Total Return Index as provided by NAREIT for the period beginning December 31, 2010 and ending December 31, 2015 and assumes an investment of $100, with reinvestment of all dividends, has been made in the common shares and in each index on December 31, 2010.

 

 

 

 

The following table sets forth selected financial and operating data and should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The selected data have been revised to reflect disposition of all properties since January 1, 2011, which have been reclassified as discontinued operations for all periods presented in accordance with the accounting standard governing discontinued operations.

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Brandywine Realty Trust

(in thousands, except per common share data and number of properties)

 

 

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Brandywine Operating Partnership, L.P.

(in thousands, except per common partnership unit data and number of properties)

 

 

 

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements appearing elsewhere herein and is based primarily on our Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013.

OVERVIEW

We are a self-administered and self-managed REIT that provides leasing, property management, development, redevelopment, acquisition and other tenant-related services for a portfolio of office, industrial, retail and mixed-use properties. As of December 31, 2015, we owned 179 properties that contain an aggregate of approximately 23.0 million net rentable square feet and consist of 106 office properties, six industrial facilities, three mixed-use properties, one retail property (116 core properties),  59 properties classified as held for sale, two development properties, one redevelopment property and one re-entitlement property (collectively, the “Properties”).  In addition, as of December 31, 2015, we owned economic interests in 16 unconsolidated real estate ventures which own properties that contain approximately 4.3 million net rentable square feet (collectively, the “Real Estate Ventures”).  As of

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December 31, 2015, we also owned 412 acres of undeveloped land, of which 120 acres are held for sale, and held options to purchase a land parcel containing approximately 50 additional acres of undeveloped land.  As of December 31, 2015, the total potential development that these land parcels could support under current zoning, entitlements or combination thereof, amounted to 7.1 million square feet.  The Properties and the properties owned by the Real Estate Ventures are located in or near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Metropolitan Washington, D.C.; Southern New Jersey; Richmond, Virginia; Wilmington, Delaware; Austin, Texas and Oakland and Concord California. In addition to managing properties that we own, as of December 31, 2015, we were managing approximately 6.5 million net rentable square feet of office and industrial properties for third parties and the Real Estate Ventures.  Unless otherwise indicated, all references in this Form 10-K to square feet represent rentable area. We do not have any foreign operations and our business is not seasonal. Our operations are not dependent on a single tenant or a few tenants and no single tenant accounted for more than 10% of our total 2015 revenue.

During the year ended December 31, 2015, we were managing our portfolio within seven segments: (1) Pennsylvania Suburbs, (2) Philadelphia CBD, (3) Metropolitan Washington, D.C., (4) New Jersey/Delaware, (5) Richmond, Virginia, (6) Austin, Texas and (7) California/Other. The Pennsylvania Suburbs segment includes properties in Chester, Delaware, and Montgomery counties in the Philadelphia suburbs. The Philadelphia CBD segment includes properties located in the City of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania. The Metropolitan Washington, D.C. segment includes properties in the District of Columbia, Northern Virginia and southern Maryland. The New Jersey/Delaware segment includes properties in Burlington and Camden counties in New Jersey and in New Castle county in the state of Delaware. The Richmond, Virginia segment includes properties primarily in Albemarle, Chesterfield, Goochland and Henrico counties and one property in Durham, North Carolina. The Austin, Texas segment includes properties in the City of Austin, Texas. The California segment includes properties in the City of Oakland and City of Concord, California.  For additional information, see Item 1., “Business - 2015 Transactions.” Our corporate group is responsible for cash and investment management, development of certain real estate properties during the construction period, and certain other general support functions.

As a result of the Och Ziff Sale that occurred on February 4, 2016, we have narrowed our segments to four core markets located in; (1) Pennsylvania Suburbs, (2) Philadelphia Central Business District (“CBD”), (3) Metropolitan Washington, D.C. and (4) Austin, Texas. The Och Ziff Sale disposed of the entire Richmond, Virginia segment. Subsequent to the Och Ziff Sale, the segments previously defined as New Jersey/Delaware and California will be managed as a consolidated segment entitled “Other,” as these geographies no longer provide a significant revenue contribution. Accordingly, the chief operating decision maker is revising the management structure and allocating more resources to the four core markets beginning January 1, 2016.

We generate cash and revenue from leases of space at our properties and, to a lesser extent, from the management of properties owned by third parties and from investments in the Real Estate Ventures. Factors that we evaluate when leasing space include rental rates, costs of tenant improvements, tenant creditworthiness, current and expected operating costs, the length of the lease term, vacancy levels and demand for office and industrial space. We also generate cash through sales of assets, including assets that we do not view as core to our portfolio, either because of location or expected growth potential, and assets that are commanding premium prices from third party investors.

Factors that May Influence Future Results of Operations

Global Market and Economic Conditions

In the U.S., market and economic conditions have been improving, characterized by more availability to credit, increasing interest rates and modest growth. While recent economic data reflects modest growth, the cost and availability of credit may be adversely affected by illiquid credit markets and wider credit spreads. Volatility in the U.S. and international markets and economies may adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition, and the liquidity and financial condition of our tenants. The continuation of these market conditions may limit our ability, as well as the ability of our tenants, to timely refinance maturing liabilities and access capital markets to meet liquidity needs.

Real Estate Asset Valuation

General economic conditions and the resulting impact on market conditions or a downturn in tenants’ businesses may adversely affect the value of our assets. Challenging economic conditions in the U.S., declining demand for leased office, industrial, retail, or mixed-use properties and/or a decrease in market rental rates and/or market values of real estate assets in our submarkets could have a negative impact on the value of our properties. If we were required under GAAP to write down the carrying value of any of our properties due to impairment, or if as a result of an early lease termination we were required to remove or dispose of material amounts of tenant improvements that are not reusable to another tenant, our financial condition and results of operations could be negatively affected.

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Leasing Activity and Rental Rates

The amount of net rental income generated by our properties depends principally on our ability to maintain the occupancy rates of currently leased space and to lease currently available space, newly developed or redeveloped properties and space available from unscheduled lease terminations. The amount of rental income we generate also depends on our ability to maintain or increase rental rates in our submarkets. Negative trends in one or more of these factors could adversely affect our rental income in future periods.

Equity Method Investment Valuation

Our equity method investments, primarily our investment in unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures, may be adversely affected by changes in the real estate markets in which they operate.  Under the equity method, investments in unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures are recorded initially at cost and subsequently adjusted for equity in earnings, cash contributions, less distributions and impairments.  As required under accounting rules, we periodically evaluate and assess our equity method investments for other than temporary impairment. In valuing our equity method investments, fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including but not limited to, discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third party appraisals. However, such quoted data and other market information can vary, even for the same properties. To the extent that the real estate markets deteriorate or we are unable to lease our development projects, it could result in declines in the fair value of our equity method investments that are other than temporary and, we may realize losses that never materialize or we may fail to recognize losses in the appropriate period. Rapidly changing conditions in the real estate markets in which we operate increase the complexity of valuing our equity method investments and our judgments and methodologies materially impact the valuation of the investments as reported in our financial statements.

Development and Redevelopment Programs

Historically, a significant portion of our growth has come from our development and redevelopment efforts. We have a proactive planning process by which we continually evaluate the size, timing, costs and scope of our development and redevelopment programs and, as necessary, scale activity to reflect the economic conditions and the real estate fundamentals that exist in our strategic submarkets. We are currently proceeding on certain development and redevelopment projects, and we take a cautious and selective approach when determining if a certain development or redevelopment project will benefit our portfolio.

In addition, we may be unable to lease committed development or redevelopment properties at underwritten rental rates or within projected timeframes or complete development or redevelopment properties on schedule or within budgeted amounts, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.

Financial and Operating Performance

Our financial and operating performance is dependent upon the demand for office, industrial and other commercial space in our markets, our leasing results, our acquisition, disposition and development activity, our financing activity, our cash requirements and economic and market conditions, including prevailing interest rates.

Adverse changes in economic conditions could result in a reduction of the availability of financing and potentially in higher borrowing costs. Vacancy rates may increase, and rental rates may decline, through 2015 and possibly beyond as the current economic climate may negatively impact tenants.

Overall economic conditions, including but not limited to high unemployment and deteriorating financial and credit markets, could have a dampening effect on the fundamentals of our business, including increases in past due accounts, tenant defaults, lower occupancy and reduced effective rents. These conditions would negatively affect our future net income and cash flows and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. We believe that the quality of our assets and our strong balance sheet will enable us to raise debt capital, if necessary, in various forms and from different sources, including traditional term or secured loans from banks, pension funds and life insurance companies. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to borrow funds on terms that are economically attractive or at all.

We continued to seek revenue growth in fiscal year 2016 by increasing occupancy and rental rates. Occupancy in our core portfolio at December 31, 2015 was 93.5%, compared to 91.4% at December 31, 2014.

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The table below summarizes selected operating and leasing statistics of our wholly owned operating properties for the year ended December 31, 2015:

 

 

In seeking to increase revenue through our operating, financing and investment activities, we also seek to minimize operating risks, including (i) tenant rollover risk, (ii) tenant credit risk and (iii) development risk.

Tenant Rollover Risk:

We are subject to the risk that tenant leases, upon expiration, will not be renewed, that space may not be relet, or that the terms of renewal or reletting (including the cost of renovations) may be less favorable to us than the current lease terms. Leases that accounted for approximately 5.8% of our aggregate final annualized base rents as of December 31, 2015 (representing approximately 7.6% of the net rentable square feet of the properties) are scheduled to expire without penalty in 2016.  We maintain an active dialogue with our tenants in an effort to maximize lease renewals. In our core portfolio the retention rate for the twelve month period ended December 31, 2015 is 77.1% compared to a retention rate of 71.4% for the twelve month period ended December 31, 2014. Rental rates on leases expiring during 2015 did not deviate significantly from market renewal rates in the regions in which we operate. If we are unable to renew leases or relet space under expiring leases, at anticipated rental rates, or if tenants terminate their leases early, our cash flow would be adversely impacted.

Tenant Credit Risk:

In the event of a tenant default, we may experience delays in enforcing our rights as a landlord and may incur substantial costs in protecting our investment. Our management regularly evaluates our accounts receivable reserve policy in light of our tenant base and general and local economic conditions. Our accounts receivable allowance was $16.2 million or 9.1% of total receivables (including accrued rent receivable) as of December 31, 2015 compared to $15.3 million or 9.1% of total receivables (including accrued rent receivable) as of December 31, 2014.

If poor economic conditions materialize, we may experience increases in past due accounts, defaults, lower occupancy and reduced effective rents. This condition would negatively affect our future net income and cash flows and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

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Development Risk:

FMC Tower at Cira Centre South

On October 31, 2013, we determined to proceed with development of the FMC Tower at Cira Centre South (the “FMC Tower”) (formerly the Cira Walnut Tower), designed as a trophy class, mixed-use office tower at 30th and Walnut Streets in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a 49-story mixed-use office tower on a site ground leased from the University of Pennsylvania. We currently expect the FMC Tower to be ready for initial occupancy during the third quarter of 2016 and to include approximately 635,000 square feet of office space, 230,000 square feet of residential space consisting of 268 market rate rental apartment units, and 4,000 square feet of retail space, with an additional floor containing a full range of amenities.

We have reduced development risk by pre-leasing an aggregate of 61% of the office square feet of the FMC Tower.  The anchor tenant for approximately 280,000 square feet of office space is FMC Corporation, a diversified chemical company serving agricultural, consumer and industrial markets globally.  The lease with FMC Corporation has an initial term of sixteen (16) years from initial occupancy. In addition, we also pre-leased approximately 100,000 square feet of office space to the University of Pennsylvania under a 20-year lease.

We anticipate the project cost to total $385.0 million, of which $202.8 million has been funded through December 31, 2015. We intend to fund remaining development costs through a combination of potential sources, including existing cash balances, availability under our unsecured line of credit, capital raised through one or more joint venture formations, proceeds from asset sales or equity and debt financing.  The costs to complete the project will be funded over the construction period, which commenced in the second quarter of 2014 and is scheduled to conclude during the third quarter of 2016.

We may joint venture or pre-sell the residential component of the FMC Tower.  Pursuant to this objective, we have executed a property management agreement with a residential development and operating company that contemplates either outcome.

Our ground lease with the University of Pennsylvania has a term through July 2097, with a variable rent that would provide the University of Pennsylvania with a percentage of the cash flow or proceeds of specified capital events subject to receipt of a priority return on the Operating Partnership’s investment.

1919 Ventures

On October 27, 2014, 1919 Ventures, a 50/50 joint venture between LCOR and us, announced a planned 29-story, 455,000 square foot contemporary glass tower development at 1919 Market Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  The tower has been designed as a mixed-use development consisting of residential, retail and parking components. The residential component of the project will be comprised of 321 luxury apartments. The commercial space will consist of 24,000 square feet and was 100% pre-leased at December 31, 2015.  The parking component will consist of a 215-car structured parking facility.  Total project costs are estimated at $148.1 million.  A portion of the costs are being funded with proceeds of an $88.9 million secured construction loan from an unaffiliated institutional lender, and the remaining $59.2 million was fully funded with equity contributions from each of us and LCOR.  As of December 31, 2015, $19.4 million was outstanding on the construction loan and equity contributions of $29.6 million had been funded by each of us and LCOR.

4040 Wilson Venture

4040 Wilson, a 50/50 joint venture between Ashton Park and us, expects to develop a 426,000 square foot office building on a 1.3 acre land parcel contributed by Ashton Park to 4040 Wilson at an agreed upon valuation of $36.0 million. The total estimated project costs are $194.6 million, which we expect will be financed through approximately $72.0 million of partner capital contributions (consisting of $36.0 million in cash from us, of which $35.6 million has been funded to date, and land with a value of $36.0 million from Ashton Park), with the remaining balance funded by debt financing through a construction lender that has not yet been determined. During the second quarter of 2015, 4040 Wilson completed the construction of the garage structure.  We expect groundbreaking on the building structure to commence upon achievement of certain pre-leasing levels, at which point 4040 Wilson expects to obtain debt financing for the remainder of the project costs.  

Land Holdings

As of December 31, 2015, we owned approximately 412 acres of undeveloped land, of which 120 acres was held for sale, and held options to purchase a land parcel containing approximately 50 additional acres of undeveloped land. As market conditions warrant, we will seek to opportunistically dispose of those parcels that we do not anticipate developing. For parcels of land that we ultimately develop, we will be subject to risks and costs associated with land development, including building moratoriums and the inability to obtain necessary zoning, land-use, building, occupancy and other required governmental approvals, construction cost increases or overruns and construction delays, and insufficient occupancy rates and rental rates.  As of December 31, 2015, the total potential development that these land parcels could support amounted to 7.1 million square feet.

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Development projects are subject to a variety of risks, including construction delays, construction cost overruns, inability to obtain financing on favorable terms, inability to lease space at projected rates, inability to enter into construction, development and other agreements on favorable terms, and unexpected environmental and other hazards.  See Item 1A., “Risk Factors.”

Although we continue to evaluate opportunities to acquire assets, the abundance of capital and demand for assets has resulted in increasing prices. As a result, in the current environment we are able to develop properties at a cost per square foot that is generally less than the cost at which we can acquire older existing properties, thereby generating relatively better returns with lower annual maintenance expenses and capital costs. Accordingly, we believe that successful lease-up and completion of our development pipeline will enhance our long-term return on equity and earnings growth as these developments are placed in-service.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations discuss our Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the reporting periods. Certain accounting policies are considered to be critical accounting policies, as they require management to make assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made and changes in the accounting estimate are reasonably likely to occur from period to period. Management believes the following critical accounting policies reflect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. For a summary of all of our significant accounting policies, see Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this report.

Operating Properties

Operating properties are carried at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. The cost of operating properties reflects their purchase price or development cost. Acquisition costs related to business combinations are expensed as incurred, whereas the costs related to asset acquisitions are capitalized as incurred.  Costs incurred for the renovation and betterment of an operating property are capitalized to our investment in that property. Ordinary repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Major replacements and betterments, which improve or extend the life of the asset, are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives.

Purchase Price Allocation

We allocate the purchase price of properties to net tangible and identified intangible assets acquired based on fair values. Above-market and below-market in-place lease values for acquired properties are recorded based on the present value (using an interest rate which reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the in-place leases and (ii) our estimate of the fair market lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases, measured over a period equal to the remaining non-cancellable term of the lease (includes the below market fixed renewal period, if applicable). Capitalized above-market lease values are amortized as a reduction of rental income over the remaining non-cancellable terms of the respective leases. Capitalized below-market lease values are amortized as an increase of rental income over the remaining non-cancellable terms of the respective leases, including any fixed-rate renewal periods that are considered probable.

Other intangible assets also include amounts representing the value of tenant relationships and in-place leases based on our evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease and our overall relationship with the respective tenant. We estimate the cost to execute leases with terms similar to the remaining lease terms of the in-place leases, include leasing commissions, legal and other related expenses. This intangible asset is amortized to expense over the remaining term of the respective leases and any fixed-rate bargain renewal periods. We estimate fair value through methods similar to those used by independent appraisers or by using independent appraisals. Factors that we consider in our analysis include an estimate of the carrying costs during the expected lease-up periods considering current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases. We also consider information obtained about each property as a result of our pre-acquisition due diligence, marketing and leasing activities in estimating the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired. In estimating carrying costs, we include real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up periods, which primarily range from four to twelve months.

Characteristics that we consider in allocating value to our tenant relationships include the nature and extent of our business relationship with the tenant, growth prospects for developing new business with the tenant, the tenant’s credit quality and expectations of lease renewals. The value of tenant relationship intangibles is amortized over the remaining initial lease term and expected renewals, but in no event longer than the remaining depreciable life of the building. The value of in-place leases is amortized over the remaining non-cancellable term of the respective leases and any fixed-rate renewal periods.

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In the event that a tenant terminates its lease at or prior to the end of the lease term, the unamortized portion of each intangible, including market rate adjustments, in-place lease values and tenant relationship values, would be charged to expense.

We record development acquisitions that do not meet the accounting criteria to be accounted for as business combinations at the purchase price paid. Costs directly associated with development acquisitions accounted for as asset acquisitions are capitalized as part of the cost of the acquisition.

Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets

We review our long-lived assets for impairment following the end of each quarter using cash flow projections and estimated fair values for each of the properties included within our impairment analysis. We update leasing and other assumptions regularly, paying particular attention to properties where there is an event or change in circumstances that indicates an impairment in value. For long-lived assets to be held and used, we analyze recoverability based on the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated from the operations and eventual disposition of the assets over, in most cases, a 10-year hold period. If there is significant possibility that we will dispose of assets earlier, we analyze the recoverability using a probability weighted analysis of the undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated from the operations and eventual disposition of each asset using various possible hold periods. If the recovery analysis indicates that the carrying value of the tested property is not recoverable, the property is written down to its fair value and an impairment loss is recognized. In such case, an impairment loss is recognized in the amount of the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over its fair value. If and when our plans change, we revise our recoverability analysis to use cash flows expected from operations and eventual disposition of each asset using hold periods that are consistent with our revised plans.

Estimated cash flows used in such analysis are based on our plans for the property and our views of market economic conditions. The estimates consider factors such as current and future rental rates, occupancies for the tested property and comparable properties, estimated operating and capital expenditures and recent sales data for comparable properties; most of these factors are influenced by market data obtained from real estate leasing and brokerage firms and the our direct experience with the properties and their markets.

We generally consider assets to be “held for sale” when the transaction has been approved by our Board of Trustees, or by officers vested with authority to approve the transaction and there are no known significant contingencies relating to the sale of the property within one year of the consideration date and the consummation of the transaction is otherwise considered probable. When a property is designated as held for sale, we stop depreciating the property and estimate the property’s fair value, net of selling costs; if the determination is made that the estimated fair value, net of selling costs, is less than the net book value of the property, an impairment loss is recognized equal to the difference and reduces the net book value of the property. For periods in which a property is classified as held for sale, we classify the assets of the property as held for sale on the consolidated balance sheet for such periods.

The relevant accounting guidance for impairments requires that qualifying assets and liabilities and the results of operations that have been sold, or otherwise qualify as “held for sale,” be presented as discontinued operations in all periods presented if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has, or will have, a major effect on our operations and financial results. The components of the property’s net income that is reflected as discontinued operations include the net gain (or loss) upon the disposition of the property held for sale, operating results, depreciation and interest expense (if the property is subject to a secured loan).

Investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures

When we obtain an economic interest in an entity, we evaluate the entity to determine if the entity is deemed a variable interest entity (“VIE”), and if we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary, in accordance with the accounting standard for the consolidation of variable interest entities. This accounting standard requires significant use of judgments and estimates in determining its application. If the entity is not deemed to be a VIE, and we serve as the general partner or managing member within the entity, we evaluate to determine if our presumed control as the general partner or managing member is overcome by the “kick out” rights and other substantive participating rights of the limited partners or non-managing members in accordance with the same accounting standard.

We consolidate (i) entities that are VIEs and of which we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary and (ii) entities that are non-VIEs which we control. Entities that we account for under the equity method (i.e., at cost, increased or decreased by our share of earnings or losses, less distributions) include (i) entities that are VIEs and of which we are not deemed the primary beneficiary, (ii) entities that are non-VIEs which we do not control, but over which we have the ability to exercise significant influence and (iii) entities that are non-VIEs which we maintain an ownership interest through our general partner status, but in which the limited partners in the entity have the substantive ability to dissolve the entity or remove us without cause or have substantive participating rights. We continuously assess our determination of whether an entity is a VIE and who the primary beneficiary is, and whether or not the limited partners in an entity have substantive rights, including if certain events occur that are likely to cause a change in original determinations.

Under the equity method, investments in unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures are recorded initially at cost, as investments in Real Estate Ventures, and subsequently adjusted for equity in earnings, cash contributions, less distributions and impairments. For Real

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Estate Ventures that are constructing assets to commence planned principal operations, we capitalize interest expense using our weighted average interest rate and our investment balance as a basis. Planned principal operations commence when a property is available to lease and at that point in time we cease capitalizing interest to our investment basis.

On a periodic basis, management assesses whether there are any indicators that the value of our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures may be impaired. An investment is impaired only if management’s estimate of the value of the investment is less than the carrying value of the investment, and such decline in value is deemed to be other than temporary. To the extent impairment has occurred, the loss shall be measured as the excess of the carrying amount of the investment over the fair value of the investment. Our estimates of value for each investment (particularly in commercial real estate joint ventures) are based on a number of assumptions that are subject to economic and market uncertainties including, among others, demand for space, competition for tenants, changes in market rental rates, and operating costs. These factors are difficult to predict and are subject to future events that may alter management’s assumptions; accordingly, the values estimated by management in its impairment analyses may not be realized.

Revenue Recognition

Rental revenue is recognized on the straight-line basis, which averages minimum rents over the terms of the leases from the later of the date of the commencement of the lease or the date of acquisition of the property subject to existing leases. Deferred rents on the balance sheet represent rental revenue received prior to their due dates and amounts paid by the tenant for certain improvements considered to be landlord assets that will remain as our property at the end of the tenant’s lease term. The amortization of the amounts paid by the tenant for such improvements is calculated on a straight-line basis over the term of the tenant’s lease and is a component of straight-line rental income. Lease incentives, which are included as reductions of rental revenue in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations, are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

In addition, our rental revenue is impacted by our determination of whether improvements to the properties, whether made by us or by the tenant, are landlord assets. The determination of whether an improvement is a landlord asset requires judgment.  In making this judgment, our primary consideration is whether the improvement would be utilizable by another tenant upon move out of the improved space by the then-existing tenant. If we have funded an improvement that we determine not to be landlord assets, then we treat the cost of the improvement as lease incentives. If the tenant has funded the improvement that we determine to be landlord assets, then we treat the costs of the improvement as deferred revenue and amortizes this cost into revenue over the lease term.

Our leases also typically provide for tenant reimbursement of a portion of common area maintenance expenses and other operating expenses to the extent that a tenant’s pro rata share of expenses exceeds a base year level set in the lease or to the extent that the tenant has a lease on a triple net basis. For certain leases, we make significant assumptions and judgments in determining the lease term, including assumptions when the lease provides the tenant with an early termination option. The lease term impacts the period over which we determine and record minimum rents and also impacts the period over which we amortize lease-related costs.

Recoveries from tenants, consisting of amounts due from tenants for common area maintenance expenses, real estate taxes and other recoverable costs are recognized as revenue in the period during which the expenses are incurred.

Tenant reimbursements are recognized and presented in accordance with accounting guidance which requires that these reimbursements be recorded on a gross basis because we are generally the primary obligor with respect to the goods and services the purchase of which gives rise to the reimbursement obligation; because we have discretion in selecting the vendors and suppliers; and because we bear the credit risk in the event they do not reimburse us. We also receive payments from third parties for reimbursement of a portion of the payroll and payroll-related costs for certain of our personnel allocated to perform services for these third parties and reflects these payments on a gross basis.

We recognize gains on sales of real estate at times and in amounts determined in accordance with the accounting guidance for sales of real estate. The guidance takes into account the terms of the transaction and any continuing involvement, including in the form of management, leasing of space or financial assistance associated with the properties. If the sales criteria for the full accrual method are not met, then we defer some or all of the gain recognition and account for the continued operations of the property by applying the finance, leasing, profit sharing, deposit, installment or cost recovery method, as appropriate, until the sales criteria are met.

We derive parking revenues from leases, monthly parking and transient parking. We recognize parking revenue as earned.

We receive leasing commission income, management fees and development fees from third parties.

Leasing commission income is earned based on a percentage of gross rental income upon a tenant signing a lease with a third party lessor. Property management fees are recorded and earned based on a percentage of collected rents at the properties under management, and not on a straight-line basis, because such fees are contingent upon the collection of rents. We record development fees on a percentage of completion basis taking into account the risk associated with each project.

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We recognize fees received for lease terminations as revenue and write off against such revenue any deferred rents receivable. The resulting net amount is the net revenue from the early termination of the leases. When a tenant's lease for space in a property is terminated early but the tenant continues to lease such space under a new or modified lease in the property, the net revenue from the early termination of the lease is recognized evenly over the remaining life of the new or modified lease in place on that property.

Income Taxes

Parent Company

The Parent Company has elected to be treated as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”). In addition, the Parent Company may elect to treat one or more of its subsidiaries as REITs. In order to continue to qualify as a REIT, the Parent Company and each of its REIT subsidiaries are required to, among other things, distribute at least 90% of their REIT taxable income to their stockholders and meet certain tests regarding the nature of their income and assets. As REITs, the Parent Company and its REIT subsidiaries are not subject to federal income tax with respect to the portion of their income that meets certain criteria and is distributed annually to the stockholders. Accordingly, no provision for federal income taxes is included in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements with respect to the operations of these REITs. The Parent Company and its REIT subsidiaries, if any, intend to continue to operate in a manner that allows them to continue to meet the requirements for taxation as REITs, including changes to the rules governing REITs made in the Protecting Americans From Tax Hikes Act 2015, signed into law on December 18, 2015. Many of these requirements, however, are highly technical and complex. If the Parent Company or one of its REIT subsidiaries were to fail to meet these requirements, they would be subject to federal income tax.

The Parent Company may elect to treat one or more of its subsidiaries as a taxable REIT subsidiary, or TRS. In general, a TRS may perform additional services for our tenants and generally may engage in any real estate or non-real estate related business (except for the operation or management of health care facilities or lodging facilities or the provision to any person, under a franchise, license or otherwise, of rights to any brand name under which any lodging facility or health care facility is operated). A TRS is subject to corporate federal income tax. The Parent Company has elected to treat certain of its corporate subsidiaries as TRSs; these entities provide third party property management services and certain services to tenants that could not otherwise be provided.

Operating Partnership

In general, the Operating Partnership is not subject to federal and state income taxes, and accordingly, no provision for income taxes has been made in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements. The partners of the Operating Partnership are required to include their respective share of the Operating Partnership’s profits or losses in their respective tax returns. The Operating Partnership’s tax returns and the amount of allocable Partnership profits and losses are subject to examination by federal and state taxing authorities. If such examination results in changes to the Operating Partnership profits or losses, then the tax liability of the partners would be changed accordingly.

The Operating Partnership may elect to treat one or several of its subsidiaries as REITs under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code. Each subsidiary REIT has met or intends to meet the requirements for treatment as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code, and, accordingly, no provision has been made for federal and state income taxes in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements. If any subsidiary REIT fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, that subsidiary REIT will be subject to federal and state income taxes and may not be able to qualify as a REIT for the four subsequent taxable years. Also, each subsidiary REIT may be subject to certain local income taxes.

The Operating Partnership has elected to treat several of its subsidiaries as TRSs, which are subject to federal, state and local income tax.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts that represents an estimate of losses that may be incurred from the inability of tenants to make required payments. The allowance is an estimate based on two calculations that are combined to determine the total amount reserved. First, we evaluate specific accounts where we have determined that a tenant may have an inability to meet its financial obligations. In these situations, we use our judgment, based on the facts and circumstances, and record a specific reserve for that tenant against amounts due to reduce the receivable to the amount that we expect to collect. These reserves are re-evaluated and adjusted as additional information becomes available. Second, a reserve is established for all tenants based on a range of percentages applied to receivable aging categories. If the financial condition of our tenants were to deteriorate, additional allowances may be required. For accrued rent receivables, we consider the results of the evaluation of specific accounts as well as other factors including assigning risk factors to different industries based on our tenants’ standard industrial classification. Considering various factors including assigning a risk factor to different industries, these percentages are based on historical collection and write-off experience adjusted for current market conditions.

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Deferred Costs

We incur direct costs related to the financing, development and leasing of our properties. Management exercises judgment in determining whether such costs, particularly internal costs, meet the criteria for capitalization or must be expensed. Capitalized financing fees are amortized over the related loan term on a basis that approximates the effective interest method while capitalized leasing costs are amortized over the related lease term. Management re-evaluates the remaining useful lives of leasing costs as the creditworthiness of our tenants and economic and market conditions change.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion is based on our Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. We believe that presentation of our consolidated financial information, without a breakdown by segment, will effectively present important information useful to our investors.

Net operating income (“NOI”) as presented in the comparative analysis below is defined as revenue less property operating expenses, real estate taxes and third party management expenses.  Property operating expenses that are included in determining NOI consist of costs that are necessary and allocable to our operating properties such as utilities, property-level salaries, repairs and maintenance, property insurance, management fees and bad debt expense. General and administrative expenses that are not reflected in NOI primarily consist of corporate-level salaries, amortization of share awards and professional fees that are incurred as part of corporate office management.  NOI is a non-GAAP financial measure that we use internally to evaluate the operating performance of our real estate assets by segment, as presented in Note 18, “Segment Information,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements, and of our business as a whole. We believe NOI provides useful information to investors regarding our financial condition and results of operations because it reflects only those income and expense items that are incurred at the property level. While NOI is a relevant and widely used measure of operating performance of real estate investment trusts, it does not represent cash flow from operations or net income as defined by GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to those measures in evaluating our liquidity or operating performance. NOI also does not reflect general and administrative expenses, interest expenses, real estate impairment losses, depreciation and amortization costs, capital expenditures and leasing costs. Trends in development and construction activities that could materially impact our results from operations are also not included in NOI. We believe that net income, as defined by GAAP, is the most appropriate earnings measure. See Note 18, “Segment Information,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a reconciliation of NOI to our consolidated net income (loss).

Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2015 to the Year Ended December 31, 2014

The table below shows selected operating information for the “Same Store Property Portfolio” and the “Total Portfolio.” The Same Store Property Portfolio consists of 107 properties containing an aggregate of approximately 15.7 million net rentable square feet, and represents properties that we owned for the twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. The Same Store Property Portfolio includes properties acquired or placed in service on or prior to January 1, 2014 and owned through December 31, 2015. The Total Portfolio includes the effects of other properties that were either placed into service, acquired or redeveloped after January 1, 2014 or disposed prior to December 31, 2015.  A property is excluded from our Same Store Property Portfolio and moved into the redevelopment column in the period that we determine that a redevelopment would be the best use of the asset, and when said asset is taken out of service or is undergoing re-entitlement for a future development strategy.  This table also includes a reconciliation from the Same Store Property Portfolio to the Total Portfolio net income (i.e., all properties owned by us during the twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2015 and 2014) by providing information for the properties which were acquired, placed into service, under development or redevelopment and administrative/elimination information for the twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands).

The Total Portfolio net income (loss) presented in the table is equal to the net income (loss) of the Parent Company and the Operating Partnership.

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Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2015 to the Year Ended December 31, 2014

 

EXPLANATORY NOTES

 

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Total Revenue

Cash rents from the Total Portfolio decreased by $6.2 million from 2014 to 2015, primarily attributable to a decrease of $22.0 million from the 34 properties disposed of between September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2015.  This decrease was offset by an increase of $7.9 million in the Same Store Property Portfolio primarily due to a 1.8% increase in occupancy in 2015 compared to 2014 and an increase of $7.3 million in Recently Completed/Acquired Properties from the purchase of the Broadmoor Austin Portfolio in Austin, Texas during the second quarter of 2015 and two developments placed into service during the second quarter of 2014 at 660 Germantown Avenue in Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania and 200 Radnor Chester Road in Radnor, Pennsylvania.  

Straight-line rents increased by $7.6 million from 2014 to 2015 on a consolidated basis which is primarily due to a $4.3 million increase which is a combination of free rent converting to cash rent subsequent to the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2014 at our Same Store Property Portfolio, and timing of revenue recognition under the straight-line method of accounting. An additional $2.0 million increase relates to properties sold and held for sale and $1.4 million increase due to Recently Completed/Acquired Properties from the purchase of the Broadmoor Austin Portfolio in Austin, Texas during the second quarter of 2015.

Above/below market rent amortization increased by $1.6 million from 2014 to 2015, primarily attributable to an increase of $3.3 million related to the Recently Completed/Acquired Properties from the purchase of the Broadmoor Austin Portfolio in Austin, Texas during the second quarter of 2015 and an increase of $0.2 million in the Pennsylvania Suburbs segment of the Same Store Property Portfolio. These increases were offset by decreases at the Same Store Property Portfolio of $0.9 million at the Philadelphia CBD segment and $1.0 in the Metropolitan D.C. segment, which are due to long-term leases, which were in place at the acquisition of certain properties in each segment, reaching their original expiration date prior to December 31, 2015.

Tenant reimbursements from the Total Portfolio increased $0.8 million from 2014 to 2015, primarily attributable to an increase of $3.7 million at the Same Store Property Portfolio, which trended along with the increase in operating expenses over the same period and $2.3 million increase from Recently Completed/Acquired Properties from the purchase of the Broadmoor Austin Portfolio in Austin, Texas during the second quarter of 2015. Expense recoveries increased to 33.9% during 2015 compared to 32.5% in 2014 at the Same Store Property Portfolio.  These increases were offset by a decrease of $4.9 million from properties sold/contributed to unconsolidated real estate ventures during 2014 and 2015 and properties classified as held for sale at December 31, 2015.

Termination fees at our Total Portfolio decreased by $3.2 million due to the timing and volume of early tenant move-outs during 2015 when compared to 2014.

Third party management fees, labor reimbursement and leasing income increased $1.6 million from 2014 to 2015, primarily attributable to construction management fees for the development of the Subaru of America headquarters in Camden, New Jersey, recognized during the fourth quarter of 2015 with no comparable fees earned during 2014.

Other income at our Total Portfolio increased by $3.4 million from 2014 to 2015, primarily due to: (i) $1.2 million of recognized real estate tax assessment adjustments, (ii) $0.8 million related to other income across our portfolio, (iii) $0.6 million in liquidating distributions from an unconsolidated partnership, (iv) $0.5 million from the receipt of escheat funds and (v) $0.3 million in tax settlements.

Property Operating Expenses

The increase in property operating expense of $3.8 million from 2014 to 2015 is mainly attributable to the following: (i) $3.8 million due to payroll and payroll related expenses, (ii) $3.4 million in repairs and maintenance expenditures directly attributable to the timing of our tenants’ needs, (iii) $1.5 million in pre-acquisition and tenant costs incurred for properties and lease transactions for which we determined that closing is not probable of occurring, (iv) $1.1 million in bad debt expense primarily attributable to uncollectible receivables in our Philadelphia CBD portfolio, (v) $1.1 million in office expenses, (vi) $0.8 million in management fees and (vii) $0.7 million in utilities.

The increase of $12.4 million in property operating expense described above was primarily offset by $8.6 million in decreases from properties sold/contributed to unconsolidated real estate ventures during 2014 and 2015.

Real Estate Taxes

Real estate taxes across our total portfolio decreased by $1.2 million from 2014 to 2015, primarily attributable to a decrease of $2.8 million from properties sold/contributed to unconsolidated real estate ventures during 2014 and 2015.  These decreases were primarily offset by increases of $1.0 million from Recently Completed/Acquired Properties from the purchase of the Broadmoor Austin Portfolio in Austin, Texas during the second quarter of 2015 and $0.4 million from the Same Store Property Portfolio.

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Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $10.5 million from 2014 to 2015, of which $17.7 million is attributable to Recently Completed/Acquired Properties. Depreciation expense related to the Same Store Property Portfolio increased $2.8 million, as a result of the timing of tenant and capital improvement projects being completed and placed into service. These increases were offset by $10.1 million of decreases in depreciation expense, which is primarily attributable to an $8.1 million decrease for properties sold subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2014. The remaining decrease of $2.0 million for Development/Redevelopment Properties primarily relates to a re-entitlement, during the second quarter of 2013, of a property for residential and mixed-use development. Accordingly, we shortened the useful life of the building to the expected demolition date.  The building was fully depreciated during the first quarter of 2015, resulting in a decrease of $2.9 million in 2015 compared to 2014.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses across our Total Portfolio increased by $2.6 million from 2014 to 2015, primarily attributable to a $1.0 million increase in stock-based compensation costs compared to the prior year which is directly attributable to the timing of recognizing accelerated amortization of compensation of our executive personnel meeting qualifying retirement provisions.  Acquisition deal costs increased $0.5 million, primarily due to the acquisition of the Broadmoor Austin Portfolio in Austin, Texas during the second quarter of 2015 and costs incurred for the sale of the 120 acre land parcel and 59 office properties that were classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2015 compared to the acquisition of the Encino Trace development project during the first quarter of 2014.  In addition, we increased our charitable contributions $0.8 million from 2014 to 2015.

Provision for Impairment

During 2015, we recognized a provision for impairment consisting of the following:

During the quarter ended September 30, 2014, we determined to dispose of the Valleybrooke office portfolio, and as the carrying value exceeded the fair value less the costs of sale, we recognized an impairment loss totaling approximately $1.8 million, which approximates the loss on sale.

See Note 3, "Real Estate Investments," to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information related to the impairments.  

Interest Income

Interest income decreased by $2.8 million, primarily due to $1.5 million of interest income from a note receivable from an unaffiliated third party during 2014 and $0.7 million from a note receivable from an unconsolidated joint venture during 2014, as well as lower average balances in interest bearing cash equivalents during 2015 compared to 2014.

Tax Credit Transaction Income

Tax Credit transaction income increased $8.1 million due to the recognition of the New Markets Tax Credit.  See Note 16, “Tax Credit Transactions” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding this transaction.

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Interest Expense

The decrease in interest expense of $13.6 million from 2014 to 2015 is primarily due to the following;

The decrease of $29.5 million in interest expense described above was primarily offset by the increases of $7.7 million related to the September 2014 issuance of $250.0 million in principal amount of 4.10% Guaranteed Notes due 2024 and $8.1 million related to the September 2014 issuance of $250.0 million in principal amount of 4.55% Guaranteed Notes due 2029.

Interest Expense - Deferred Financing Costs

Interest expense - deferred financing costs decreased $0.6 million from 2014 to 2015, primarily due to the write-off of costs related to repurchases of debt during 2014, which included: (i) $218.5 million of our 5.40% Guaranteed Notes due 2014, (ii) $157.6 million of our 7.50% Guaranteed Notes due 2015, (iii) our $150.0 million three-year term loan due February 2015, and (iv) our $100.0 million four-year term loan due February 2016.  The repurchases were partially offset by the issuance of $250.0 million in principal amount of our 4.10% Guaranteed Notes due 2024 and $250.0 million in principal amount of our 4.55% Guaranteed Notes due 2029.

Recognized Hedge Activity

The loss from recognized hedge activity decreased $0.8 million during 2015 due to the September 16, 2014 repayment of the entire $150.0 million three-year term loan ahead of its scheduled February 2015 maturity.  In connection with these repayments a $0.8 million charge on the termination of associated interest rate swap contracts was incurred. There were no comparable charges incurred during 2015.

Net Gain on Sale of Interests in Real Estate

During 2015, the $20.5 million net gain on disposition of interests in real estate resulted from the sale of 25 office properties located in Mt. Laurel, New Jersey; Wayne, Pennsylvania; King of Prussia, Pennsylvania; Richmond, Virginia; Newark/Wilmington, Delaware; Oakland and Carlsbad, California; and Cherry Hill, New Jersey. See Item 2., “Properties - Property Sales,” for further information. During 2014, the $4.9 million net gain on disposition of real estate resulted from the sale of an office property located in Reston, Virginia.

Net Gain on Sale of Undepreciated Real Estate

During 2015, the $3.0 million net gain on the sale of undepreciated real estate resulted from the sale of four land parcels totaling 14.7 acres located in Wilmington, Delaware; Mount Laurel, New Jersey; Austin, Texas; and Oakland, California compared to the 2014 gain of $1.2 million related to the sale of two land parcels totaling 22.1 acres located in Dallas, Texas and Austin, Texas.

Net Gain on Remeasurement of Investments in Real Estate Ventures

The $0.8 million gain recognized during 2015 resulted from the acquisition of the remaining interest in Broadmoor Austin Associates. The gain recognized during 2014 resulted from the final settlement of the increase in ownership interest of the One and Two Commerce Square partnerships.

Net Gain on Real Estate Venture Transactions

The $7.2 million gain recognized during 2015 consists of the $5.2 million gain recognized on the sale of our interest in the Residence Inn real estate venture and $2.0 million related to the contribution of Encino Trace to the Austin Venture.  The $0.4 million loss during 2014 relates to the contribution of Four Points Centre to the Austin Venture.

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Loss on Early Extinguishment of Debt

During 2014, we (i) repurchased $218.5 million of our 5.40% Guaranteed Notes due 2014, (ii) repurchased $157.6 million of our 7.50% Guaranteed Notes due 2015, (iii) repaid the entire $150.0 million three-year term loan due February 2015 and (iv) repaid the entire $100.0 million four-year term loan due February 2016, which resulted in a net loss on early extinguishment of debt of $7.6 million.  There we no such repurchases during 2015.

Discontinued Operations

During 2015, there were no property sales classified as discontinued operations. During 2014, the gain of $0.9 million primarily relates to the settlement of a sale that occurred during the first quarter of 2013 for a portfolio of eight office properties located in Lawrenceville, New Jersey.

Net Income

Net income decreased by $40.1 million from 2014 to 2015 as a result of the factors described above.

Earnings per Common Share

Net loss per share was ($0.21) during 2015 as compared to net income per share of $0.00 during 2014 as a result of the factors described above.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2014 to the Year Ended December 31, 2013

The table below shows selected operating information for the “Same Store Property Portfolio” and the “Total Portfolio.” The Same Store Property Portfolio consists of 188 properties containing an aggregate of approximately 21.1 million net rentable square feet, and represents properties that we owned for the twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2014 and 2013. The Same Store Property Portfolio includes properties acquired or placed in service on or prior to January 1, 2013 and owned through December 31, 2014. The Total Portfolio includes the effects of other properties that were either placed into service, acquired or redeveloped after January 1, 2013 or disposed prior to December 31, 2014.  A property is excluded from our Same Store Property Portfolio and moved into the redevelopment column in the period that we determine that a redevelopment would be the best use of the asset, and when said asset is taken out of service or is undergoing re-entitlement for a future development strategy.  This table also includes a reconciliation from the Same Store Property Portfolio to the Total Portfolio net income (i.e., all properties owned by us during the twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2014 and 2013) by providing information for the properties which were acquired, placed into service, under development or redevelopment and administrative/elimination information for the twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands).

The Total Portfolio net income presented in the table is equal to the net income of the Parent Company and the Operating Partnership.

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Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2014 to the Year Ended December 31, 2013

 

 

EXPLANATORY NOTES

 

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Total Revenue

Cash rents from the Total Portfolio increased by $27.1 million from 2013 to 2014, primarily attributable to:

Straight-line rents decreased by $4.0 million from 2013 to 2014 on a consolidated basis which is primarily due to a $5.1 million decrease which is a combination of free rent converting to cash rent subsequent to the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2013 at our Same Store Property Portfolio, and timing of revenue recognition under the straight-line method of accounting. An additional $1.7 million decrease relates to the expiration of a single tenant’s free rent period at 660 Germantown Pike subsequent to December 31, 2013. The decreases were offset by a $3.0 million increase related to the increase in our equity ownership interest and resulting consolidation of One and Two Commerce Square in the fourth quarter of 2013 and a $0.2 million increase relating to a development property placed into service during the second quarter of 2014.

Tenant reimbursements increased $5.8 million from 2013 to 2014 which trended along with the increase in operating expenses over the same period. Expense recoveries increased to 37.0% during 2014 compared to 36.6% in 2013.

Termination fees at our Total Portfolio increased by $3.5 million due to the timing and volume of early tenant move-outs during 2014 when compared to 2013.

Third party management fees, labor reimbursement and leasing income increased $4.1 million from 2013 to 2014 which is primarily attributable to an increase of $3.1 million in management fees and labor reimbursements from our Austin Venture which was formed during the fourth quarter of 2013. Leasing and construction management fees increased $0.4 million at the Brandywine -AI real estate venture.  In addition, development fee income increased $0.2 million related to increased development activity at the evo at Cira Centre South real estate venture. Other net increases total $0.4 million, none of which related significantly to a particular property.

Other income at our Total Portfolio decreased by $1.0 million from 2013 to 2014, primarily due to lower real estate tax refunds received related to prior year tax assessment appeals.

Property Operating Expenses

Property operating expenses across our Total Portfolio increased by $16.9 million from 2013 to 2014, primarily attributable to: (i) an increase of $20.3 million due to additional operating expenses from properties that we acquired and placed into service during 2013 and 2014, (ii) an increase of $1.3 million in snow removal costs, (iii) an increase of $1.3 million in utilities, (iv) a net increase of $2.2 million in repairs and maintenance expenditures due to the timing of our tenants’ needs and (v) a $0.3 million increase to bad debt expense. These and other increases were offset by: (i) $8.3 million decrease from the contribution of seven office properties in Austin, Texas to the Austin Venture during the fourth quarter of 2013 and (ii) $0.2 million decrease from the sale of an office property in Reston, Virginia during the third quarter of 2014.

Real Estate Taxes

Real estate taxes across our total portfolio decreased by $3.8 million from 2013 to 2014, primarily attributable to: (i) a decrease of $5.1 million from the contribution of seven office properties in Austin, Texas to the Austin Venture, (ii) a net decrease of $3.3 million in the Same Store Property Portfolio and (iii) a decrease of $0.6 million relating to development/redevelopment properties. The decreases in the Same Store Property Portfolio and development/redevelopment properties are due to successful tax appeals that reduced property assessments that occurred subsequent to December 31, 2013. These decreases were offset by $5.1 million in increases due to properties we acquired subsequent to the second quarter of 2013.

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General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses across our Total Portfolio decreased by $0.8 million from 2013 to 2014, primarily attributable to a $2.0 million decrease in stock-based compensation costs compared to the prior year which is directly attributable to the timing of recognizing accelerated amortization of such compensation of our executive personnel meeting qualifying retirement provisions.  Salary and benefits costs decreased $0.2 million during 2014 compared to 2013. These decreases were offset by an increase of $0.6 million of severance costs in 2014 compared to 2013.  The remaining increase of $0.8 million is due to additional professional fees incurred during 2014 compared to 2013.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $11.5 million from 2013 to 2014, of which $20.1 million is primarily attributable to properties we acquired and placed into service subsequent to the second quarter of 2013. Increases in depreciation expense to the Same Store Property Portfolio totaled $5.9 million, as a result of the timing of tenant and capital improvement projects being completed and placed into service. Depreciation expense for the development/redevelopment properties increased $0.4 million and reflects additional assets placed into service. These increases were offset by reductions in depreciation expense of $10.9 million related to the contribution of seven office properties in Austin, Texas to the Austin Venture during the fourth quarter of 2013. During the second quarter of 2013, we re-entitled a property for residential and mixed-use development, and accordingly, we shortened the useful lives for this building to the expected demolition date and accelerated $3.6 million of depreciation expense. Other net decreases to depreciation total $0.4 million, none of which related significantly to a particular property.

Interest Income

Interest income increased by $2.9 million primarily due to $1.5 million of interest income from a note receivable from an unaffiliated third party and $0.7 million from a note receivable from an unconsolidated joint venture, as well as higher average balances in interest bearing cash equivalents during 2014 compared to 2013.

Interest Expense

The increase in interest expense of $2.4 million from 2013 to 2014 is primarily due to the following;

The increase of $16.0 million in interest expense described above was primarily offset by the following decreases in interest expense during 2014 compared to 2013:

Interest Expense - Deferred Financing Costs

Interest expense - deferred financing costs increased $0.5 million from 2013 to 2014, primarily due to the write-off of costs related to repurchases of debt during 2014, which included, (i) $218.5 million of our 5.40% Guaranteed Notes due 2014, (ii) $157.6 million of our 7.50% Guaranteed Notes due 2015, (iii) $150.0 million three-year term loan due February 2015, and (iv) $100.0 million four-year term loan due February 2016.  Additional increases relate to the issuance of $250.0 million in principal amount of our 4.10% Guaranteed Notes due 2024 and $250.0 million in principal amount of our 4.55% Guaranteed Notes due 2029.

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Equity in Income of Real Estate Ventures

The decrease in equity in income of Real Estate Ventures of $4.4 million during 2013 to 2014 is primarily attributable to the following:

Recognized Hedge Activity

Recognized hedge activity increased $0.8 million during 2014 due to the September 16, 2014 repayment of the entire $150.0 million three-year term loan its scheduled February 2015 maturity.  In connection with these repayments a $0.8 million charge on the termination of associated interest rate swap contracts was incurred. There were no comparable charges incurred during 2013.

Net Gain on Remeasurement of Investments in Real Estate Ventures

The net gain on remeasurement of investments in real estate ventures was $0.5 million during 2014 and $6.9 million during 2013. The gain recognized during 2014 resulted from the final settlement of the increase in ownership interest of the One and Two Commerce partnerships.  The 2013 net gains resulted from our taking control of Six Tower Bridge and One and Two Commerce Square during 2013 which required the remeasurement at fair value of our existing equity interest in each partnership.

Net Gain on Real Estate Venture Transactions

The $30.0 million decrease in gain on real estate venture transactions primarily results from contributing seven properties to the newly-formed Austin Venture and recognizing a $25.9 million gain on sale during 2013. Additionally in 2013, a $3.7 million increase in gain on real estate venture transactions is the result of the exchange of our remaining ownership in the Two Tower Bridge Venture for the remaining ownership interest in the Six Tower Bridge Venture.  The $0.4 million loss during 2014 relates primarily to the contribution of Four Points Centre to an unconsolidated real estate venture.

Loss on Early Extinguishment of Debt

During 2014, we (i) repurchased $218.5 million of our 5.40% Guaranteed Notes due 2014, (ii) repurchased $157.6 million of our 7.50% Guaranteed Notes due 2015, (iii) repaid the entire $150.0 million three-year term loan due February 2015 and (iv) repaid the entire $100.0 million four-year term loan due February 2016, which resulted in a net loss on early extinguishment of debt of $7.6 million.

During 2013, we repurchased (i) $0.5 million of our 6.00% Guaranteed Notes due 2016, (ii) $9.9 million of our 7.50% Guaranteed Notes due 2015, and (iii) $20.8 million of our 5.40% Guaranteed Notes due 2014, which resulted in a net loss on early extinguishment of debt of $2.1 million.

Discontinued Operations

During 2014, there were no property sales classified as discontinued operations. The gain of $0.9 million primarily relates to the settlement of a sale that occurred during the first quarter of 2013 for a portfolio of eight office properties located in Lawrenceville, New Jersey. See Note 3, “Real Estate Investments,” for further information.

During 2013, we sold a portfolio of eight office properties located in Lawrenceville, New Jersey, one property located in San Diego, California, one property located in Carlsbad, California, one property located in Malvern, Pennsylvania one property located in Exton, Pennsylvania, one property located in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, and one property in West Chester, Pennsylvania.   These properties had total revenues of $5.2 million, property operating expenses of $2.5 million and $1.9 million of depreciation and amortization expense. We recognized a net gain on sale related to these transactions of $3.4 million.

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Net Income

Net income decreased by $36.2 million from 2013 to 2014 as a result of the factors described above.

Earnings per Common Share

Net income per share was $0.00 during 2014 as compared to net income per share of $0.23 during 2013 as a result of the factors described above.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

General

Our principal liquidity needs for the next twelve months are as follows:

As of December 31, 2015, the Parent Company owned a 99.1% interest in the Operating Partnership. The remaining interest of approximately 0.9% pertains to common limited partnership interests owned by non-affiliated investors who contributed property to the Operating Partnership in exchange for their interests. As the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, the Parent Company has full and complete responsibility for the Operating Partnership’s day-to-day operations and management.  The Parent Company’s source of funding for its dividend payments and other obligations is the distributions it receives from the Operating Partnership.

We believe that our liquidity needs will be satisfied through available cash balances and cash flows generated by operations, financing activities and selective property sales. Rental revenue, expense recoveries from tenants, and other income from operations are our principal sources of cash to pay operating expenses, debt service, recurring capital expenditures and the minimum distributions required to maintain our REIT qualification. We seek to increase cash flows from our properties by maintaining quality standards for our properties that promote high occupancy rates and permit increases in rental rates while reducing tenant turnover and controlling operating expenses. Our revenue also includes third-party fees generated by our property management, leasing, development and construction businesses. We believe that our revenue, together with proceeds from property sales and debt financings, will continue to provide funds for our short-term liquidity needs. However, material changes in our operating or financing activities may adversely affect our net cash flows. With uncertain economic conditions, vacancy rates may increase, effective rental rates on new and renewed leases may decrease and tenant installation costs, including concessions, may increase in most or all of our markets throughout 2016 and possibly beyond. As a result, our revenues and cash flows could be insufficient to cover operating expenses, including increased tenant installation costs, pay debt service or make distributions to shareholders over the short-term. If this situation were to occur, we expect that we would finance cash deficits through borrowings under our unsecured credit facility and other sources of debt and equity financings.  In addition, a material adverse change in cash provided by operations could adversely affect our compliance with financial performance covenants under our unsecured credit facility, including unsecured term loans and unsecured notes. As of December 31, 2015, we were in compliance with all of our debt covenants and requirement obligations.

We use multiple financing sources to fund our long-term capital needs. When needed, we use borrowings under our unsecured credit facility for general business purposes, including to meet debt maturities and to fund distributions to shareholders as well as development and acquisition costs and other expenses from time to time as necessary. In light of the continuing volatility in financial markets and economic uncertainties, it is possible, that one or more lenders under our unsecured revolving credit facility could fail to fund a borrowing request. Such an event could adversely affect our ability to access funds from our unsecured credit facility when needed to fund distributions or pay expenses.

Our ability to incur additional debt is dependent upon a number of factors, including our credit ratings, the value of our unencumbered assets, our degree of leverage and borrowing restrictions imposed by our lenders. If one or more rating agencies were to downgrade our unsecured credit rating, our access to the unsecured debt market would be more limited and the interest rate under our unsecured credit facility and unsecured term loans would increase.

The Parent Company unconditionally guarantees the Operating Partnership’s secured and unsecured obligations, which, as of December 31, 2015, amounted to $562.7 million and $1,853.5 million, respectively.

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We maintain a shelf registration statement that has registered the offering and sale of common shares, preferred shares, depositary shares, warrants and unsecured debt securities. Subject to our ongoing compliance with securities laws, and if warranted by market conditions, we may offer and sell equity and debt securities from time to time under the shelf registration statement. We also maintain a continuous offering program under which we may sell up to 16,000,000 common shares until November 5, 2016 in at-the-market offerings.

The Parent Company maintains a share repurchase program under which the Board of Trustees has authorized the Parent Company to repurchase shares of its preferred and common stock with no expiration date. On July 22, 2015, the Parent Company's Board of Trustees authorized additional share repurchases of up to $100.0 million. Prior to the authorization 539,200 common shares were available for repurchase under the preexisting share repurchase program. We expect to fund the share repurchases with a combination of available cash balances and availability under our line of credit. During the year ended December 31, 2015, 5,209,437 common shares were repurchased and retired at an average purchase price of $12.90 per share and totaling $67.3 million. The timing and amounts of any purchases will depend on a variety of factors, including market conditions, regulatory requirements, share prices, capital availability and other factors as determined by our management team. The repurchase program does not require the purchase of any minimum number of shares and may be suspended or discontinued at any time without notice.

The Parent Company, other than acting as the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, also issues equity from time to time, the proceeds of which it contributes to the Operating Partnership in exchange for additional interests in the Operating Partnership, and guarantees debt obligations of the Operating Partnership.  The Parent Company’s ability to sell common shares and preferred shares is dependent on, among other things, general market conditions for REITs, market perceptions about the Company as a whole and the current trading price of the Parent Company’s shares. The Operating Partnership also considers net sales of selected properties as another source of managing its liquidity.  During 2015, we sold 27 properties, including two properties contributed to the Austin Venture, containing 2,649,926 in net rentable square feet and 14.7 acres of land for an aggregate sales price of $396.9 million.  Also during 2015, we purchased the remaining partnership interest in a real estate venture that owned seven office properties with a value of $118.2 million, before our portion of debt repayment of $25.6 million, and containing an aggregate of 1,112,236 square feet, a parking garage for a sales price of $17.0 million and 8.4 acres of land for an aggregate sales price of $54.2 million.

On January 14, 2016, we funded $221.4 million, consisting of $176.8 million of principal repayment, $44.5 million in prepayment charges and $0.1 million of accrued interest, in repayment of the mortgage indebtedness of Cira Square, ahead of its scheduled maturity date of September 10, 2030. Also on January 14, 2016, we funded $44.5 million, consisting of $35.4 million of principal repayment, $8.9 million in prepayment charges and a nominal amount of accrued interest, in repayment of the mortgage indebtedness of the Cira South Garage, ahead of its scheduled maturity date of September 10, 2030.  These repayments were financed with funds available under our unsecured revolving credit facility. Subsequent to repayment of the mortgage indebtedness, we closed on the disposition of Cira Square and the Och Ziff transactions receiving total net proceeds of $350.3 million and $353.4 million, respectively (See Note 21, “Subsequent Events,” to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding these transactions). We intend to use the net cash proceeds from the disposition of Cira Square and the Och Ziff transactions for general corporate purposes, including to reduce our outstanding debt and fund current development commitments. We continue to maintain substantial liquidity, including available cash as of February 19, 2016, of approximately $1,061.2 million, consisting of $475.6 million of liquid cash balances, primarily from the property sales that occurred subsequent to year end, and $585.6 million of availability, net of $14.4 million of outstanding letters of credit, under our Operating Partnership’s $600.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility.

Cash Flows

The following discussion of our cash flows is based on the consolidated statements of cash flows and is not meant to be a comprehensive discussion of the changes in our cash flows for the years presented.

As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, we maintained cash and cash equivalents of $56.7 million and $257.5 million, respectively. The following are the changes in cash flow from our activities for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands):

 

 

Our principal source of cash flows is from the operation of our properties. We do not restate our cash flows for discontinued operations.

The net increase of $6.1 million in cash from operating activities during 2015 compared to 2014 is primarily attributable to the timing of cash receipts and cash expenditures in the normal course of operations.

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The decrease in net cash used in investing activities of $104.3 million during 2015 compared to 2014 is primarily attributable to the following:

The decrease in net cash used in investing activities of $417.4 million was partially offset by the following:

The net decrease of $305.5 million in cash from financing activities during 2015 compared to 2014 is mainly due to the following:

The net decrease of $991.2 million in cash from financing activities described above was offset by the following:

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Capitalization

Indebtedness

The table below summarizes our indebtedness under our mortgage notes payable, our unsecured notes and our unsecured credit facility at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014:

 

 

 

All debt shown above is fixed rate, which includes a $250.0 million term loan swapped to fixed. Scheduled principal payments and related weighted average annual effective interest rates for our debt as of December 31, 2015 are as follows (in thousands):

 

 

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Unsecured Credit Facility and Term Loan

We maintain a $600.0 million four-year unsecured revolving credit facility (the “New Credit Facility”) maturing May 15, 2019 and an unsecured seven-year term loan (the “Term Loan”) in the amount of $250.0 million maturing October 8, 2022.

On October 8, 2015, we amended and restated our $200.0 million seven-year term loan maturing February 1, 2019. Pursuant to the terms of the amendment, we increased the term loan by an additional $50.0 million, lengthened the maturity date to October 8, 2022, and obtained the option to increase the aggregate amount by up to $150.0 million. The loan will bear interest at LIBOR plus 1.80%. Through a series of interest rate swaps, the $250.0 million outstanding balance of the term loan has a fixed interest rate of 3.72%.

On May 15, 2015, we closed on a new four-year unsecured revolving credit facility that provides for borrowings of up to $600.0 million. We expect to use advances under the New Credit Facility for general business purposes, including to fund costs of acquisitions, developments and redevelopments of properties and to repay from time to time other debt. On terms and conditions specified in the credit agreement, we may enter into unsecured term loans and/or increase the initial amount of the credit facility by up to, in the aggregate for all such term loans and increases, an additional $400.0 million. The New Credit Facility includes a $65.0 million sub-limit for the issuance of letters of credit and a $60.0 million sub-limit for swing-loans. The New Credit Facility has a scheduled maturity date of May 15, 2019, and is subject to two six-month extensions on terms and conditions specified in the credit agreement.

At our option, loans outstanding under the New Credit Facility will bear interest at a rate per annum equal to (1) LIBOR plus between 0.875% and 1.55% based on our credit rating or (2) a base rate equal to the greatest of (a) the Administrative Agent's prime rate, (b) the Federal Funds rate plus 0.5% or (c) LIBOR for a one month period plus 1.00%, in each case, plus a margin ranging from 0.0% to 0.55% based on our credit rating. The New Credit Facility also contains a competitive bid option that allows banks that are part of the lender consortium to bid to make loan advances to us at a reduced interest rate. In addition, we are also obligated to pay (1) in quarterly installments a facility fee on the total commitment at a rate per annum ranging from 0.125% to 0.30% based on our credit rating and (2) an annual fee on the undrawn amount of each letter or credit equal to the LIBOR Margin. Based on our current credit rating, the LIBOR margin is 1.20% and the facility fee is 0.25%. We had no borrowings under the New Credit Facility as of December 31, 2015.

The New Credit Facility contains financial and operating covenants and restrictions, including covenants that relate to our incurrence of additional debt; granting liens; consummation of mergers and consolidations; the disposition of assets and interests in subsidiaries; the making of loans and investments and dividends. The terms of the New Credit Facility require that we maintain customary financial and other covenants, including: (i) a fixed charge coverage ratio greater than or equal to 1.5 to 1.00; (ii) a minimum net worth; (iii) a leverage ratio less than or equal to 0.60 to 1.00, subject to specified exceptions; (iv) a ratio of unsecured indebtedness to unencumbered asset value less than or equal to 0.60 to 1.00, subject to specified exceptions; (v) a ratio of secured indebtedness to total asset value less than or equal to 0.40 to 1.00; and (vi) a ratio of unencumbered cash flow to interest expense on unsecured debt greater than 1.75 to 1.00. In addition, the New Credit Facility restricts payments of dividends and distributions on shares in excess of 95% of our funds from operations (FFO) except to the extent necessary to enable us to continue to qualify as a REIT for Federal income tax purposes.

Concurrently with our entry into the New Credit Facility, we terminated our then existing unsecured revolving credit facility, which had a scheduled maturity date of February 1, 2016.

On June 1, 2015, we amended our Term Loan C Agreement dated December 15, 2011 to align the above aforementioned financial and operating covenants and restrictions of the New Credit Facility with those of Term Loan C.

As amended, Term Loan C contains financial and operating covenants and restrictions, including covenants that relate to our incurrence of additional debt; granting liens; consummation of mergers and consolidations; the disposition of assets and interests in subsidiaries; the making of loans and investments; negative pledges, transactions with affiliates and the payment of dividends. The restriction on dividends permits us to pay dividends to the greater of (i) an amount required for us to retain our qualification as a REIT and (ii) 95% of our funds from operations. The Term Loan includes financial covenants that require us to maintain an interest coverage ratio, a fixed charge coverage ratio and an unencumbered cash flow ratio above specified levels; to maintain a minimum net worth above an amount determined on a specified formula; and to maintain a leverage ratio and a secured debt ratio below certain maximum levels. Another financial covenant limits the ratio of our unsecured debt to the value of our unencumbered properties.

We were in compliance with all financial and non-financial covenants under the New Credit Facility, Term Loan and our credit agreements as of December 31, 2015. We continuously monitor our compliance with all covenants. Certain covenants restrict our ability to obtain alternative sources of capital. While we believe that we will remain in compliance with our covenants, a slow-down in the economy and a decrease in availability of debt financing could result in non-compliance with covenants.

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Unsecured Notes and Mortgage Notes

The Operating Partnership is the issuer of our unsecured notes which are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Parent Company.  During the year-ended December 31, 2015, we did not repurchase any of our outstanding unsecured notes.

The indenture under which the Operating Partnership issued its unsecured notes contains financial covenants, including (i) a leverage ratio not to exceed 60%, (ii) a secured debt leverage ratio not to exceed 40%, (iii) a debt service coverage ratio of greater than 1.5 to 1.0 and (iv) an unencumbered asset value of not less than 150% of unsecured debt. The Operating Partnership is in compliance with all covenants as of December 31, 2015.

The Operating Partnership has mortgage loans that are collateralized by certain of its Properties. Payments on mortgage loans are generally due in monthly installments of principal and interest, or interest only. The Operating Partnership intends to refinance or repay its mortgage loans as they mature through the use of proceeds from selective Property sales and secured or unsecured borrowings. However, in the current and expected future economic environment one or more of these sources may not be available on attractive terms or at all.

On January 14, 2016, we funded $221.4 million, consisting of $176.8 million of principal repayment, $44.5 million in prepayment charges and $0.1 million of accrued interest, to repay the mortgage indebtedness of the IRS Philadelphia Campus, ahead of its scheduled maturity date of September 10, 2030. Also on January 14, 2016, we funded $44.4 million, consisting of $35.5 million of principal repayment, $8.9 million in prepayment charges and a nominal amount of accrued interest, to repay the mortgage indebtedness of the Cira South Garage, ahead of its scheduled maturity date of September 10, 2030.  The repayment was financed with funds available under the New Credit Facility.

On December 29, 2015, we refinanced the One Commerce Square mortgage, increasing the principal balance from $121.2 million to $130 million. The mortgage bears interest at 3.64% and the mortgage matures on April 5, 2023.

On October 9, 2015, we funded $88.4 million, including $0.4 million of accrued interest, in repayment of the Tysons Corner mortgage note with funds from the additional borrowings under the Term Loan.

The charter documents of the Parent Company and Operating Partnership do not limit the amount or form of indebtedness that the Operating Partnership may incur, and its policies on debt incurrence are solely within the discretion of the Parent Company’s Board of Trustees, subject to the financial covenants in the New Credit Facility, indenture and other credit agreements.

Equity

On December 8, 2015, the Parent Company declared a distribution of $0.15 per common share, totaling $26.5 million, which it paid on January 20, 2016 to its shareholders of record as of January 6, 2016.  In addition, the Parent Company declared a distribution on its Series E Preferred Shares to holders of record as of December 30, 2015.  These shares are entitled to a preferential return of 6.90% per annum on the $25.00 per share liquidation preference.  Distributions paid on January 15, 2016 to holders of Series E Preferred Shares totaled $1.7 million. To fund this distribution, on December 8, 2015, the Operating Partnership declared distributions on its Series E-Linked Preferred Mirror Units to holders of record as of December 30, 2015. These units are entitled to a preferential return of 6.90% per annum on the $25.00 per unit liquidation preference. Distributions paid on January 15, 2016 to holders of Series E-Linked Preferred Mirror Units totaled $1.7 million.  In order to maintain its qualification as a REIT, the Parent Company is required to, among other things, pay dividends to its shareholders of at least 90% of its REIT taxable income.  During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Parent Company paid dividends in excess of the 90% criterion.

The Parent Company maintains a share repurchase program under which the Board of Trustees has authorized the Parent Company to repurchase up to $100.0 million of its common shares with no expiration date. Prior to that authorization, 539,200 common shares were available for repurchase under our share repurchase program. We expect to fund the share repurchases with a combination of available cash balances and availability under our revolving credit facility. During the year ended December 31, 2015, 5,209,437 common shares were repurchased and retired at an average purchase price of $12.90 per share for total cash consideration of $67.3 million. The timing and amounts of any purchases will depend on a variety of factors, including market conditions, regulatory requirements, share prices, capital availability and other factors as determined by our management team. The repurchase program does not require the purchase of any minimum number of shares and may be suspended or discontinued at any time without notice.

The Parent Company also maintains a continuous offering program (the “Offering Program”), under which we may sell up to an aggregate amount of 16,000,000 common shares until November 5, 2016 in at the market offerings. This program was put in place on November 5, 2013 in replacement of a prior continuous equity offering program that expired on March 10, 2013 (the “Prior Offering Program”). During the year ended December 31, 2015, we did not sell any shares under the Offering Program.

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Inflation

A majority of our leases provide for tenant reimbursement of real estate taxes and operating expenses either on a triple net basis or over a base amount. In addition, many of our office leases provide for fixed base rent increases. We believe that inflationary increases in expenses will be partially offset by expense reimbursement and contractual rent increases.

Commitments and Contingencies

The following table outlines the timing of payment requirements related to our contractual commitments as of December 31, 2015:

 

 

The above table does not include amounts related to the 4040 Wilson LLC Venture development of the Liberty Center Complex, the JBG Ventures at 51 N 50 Patterson and 1250 First Street in Washington, D.C. or the 1919 Ventures development of the property located at 20th and Market Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  For further discussion of these developments, see Item 1., “Business - Developments.”

As of December 31, 2015, we were obligated to pay a maximum of $57.4 million for tenant improvements not yet completed, of which $6.3 million relates to assets held for sale at December 31, 2015.  These amounts are not included in the above table. We expect that most of the obligations will be paid within one year.

On May 4, 2015, we entered into a put agreement in the ordinary course of business that grants an independent third party the unilateral option to require us to purchase a property, at a stated price of $35.0 million, until May 4, 2018.  In addition to the $35.0 million purchase price, we would be responsible for transaction and closing costs.  There can be no assurance that the counterparty will exercise the option.

The ground leases, entered into in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, provide for contingent rent participation by the lessor in certain capital transactions and net operating cash flows of the properties after certain returns are achieved by us. Such amounts, if any, will be reflected as contingent rent when incurred. The leases also provide for payment by us of certain operating costs relating to the land, primarily real estate taxes. The above schedule of future minimum rental payments for ground leases does not include any contingent rent amounts or any reimbursed expenses.

As part of the Operating Partnership’s September 2004 acquisition of a portfolio of properties from the Rubenstein Company (which we refer to as the “TRC acquisition”), the Operating Partnership acquired its interest in Two Logan Square, a 708,844 square foot office building in Philadelphia, primarily through its ownership of a second and third mortgage secured by this property. This property is consolidated as the borrower is a variable interest entity and the Operating Partnership, through its ownership of the second and

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third mortgages, is the primary beneficiary. The Operating Partnership currently does not expect to take title to Two Logan Square until, at the earliest, September 2019. If the Operating Partnership takes fee title to Two Logan Square upon a foreclosure of its mortgage, the Operating Partnership has agreed to pay an unaffiliated third party that holds a residual interest in the fee owner of this property an amount equal to $2.9 million. On the TRC acquisition date, the Operating Partnership recorded a liability of $0.7 million and this amount will accrete up to $2.9 million through September 2019. As of December 31, 2015, the Operating Partnership has a balance of $2.0 million for this liability on its consolidated balance sheet.

As part our 2006 merger with Prentiss Properties Trust, our 2004 TRC acquisition and several of our other transactions, we agreed not to sell certain of the properties we acquired in transactions that would trigger taxable income to the former owners. In the case of the TRC acquisition, we agreed not to sell for a period of up to 15 years from the date of the TRC acquisition the acquired properties at One Logan Square, Two Logan Square and Radnor Corporate Center (January, 2020). In the Prentiss acquisition, we assumed the obligation of Prentiss not to sell Concord Airport Plaza before March, 2018. Our agreements generally provide that we may dispose of the subject properties only in transactions that qualify as tax-free exchanges under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code or in other tax deferred transactions. If we were to sell a restricted property before expiration of the restricted period in a non-exempt transaction, we would be required to make significant payments to the parties who sold the applicable property to us for tax liabilities attributed to them. Similarly, as part of our 2013 acquisition of substantially all of the equity interests in the partnerships that own One and Two Commerce Square, we agreed, for the benefit of affiliates of the holder of the 1% residual ownership interest in these properties, to not sell these two properties in certain taxable transactions prior to October 20, 2021 without the holder’s consent.

In connection with the development of the IRS Philadelphia Campus and the Cira South Garage, during 2008, the Operating Partnership entered into a historic tax credit and new markets tax credit arrangement, respectively. The Operating Partnership is required to be in compliance with various laws, regulations and contractual provisions that apply to its historic and new market tax credit arrangements. Non-compliance with applicable requirements could result in projected tax benefits not being realized and therefore, require a refund to US Bancorp or a reduction of investor capital contributions, which are reported as deferred income in the Operating Partnership’s consolidated balance sheet, until such time as its obligation to deliver tax benefits is relieved. The remaining compliance periods for its tax credit arrangements expired during 2015. The Operating Partnership does not anticipate that any material refunds or reductions of investor capital contributions will be required in connection with these arrangements.

We invest in properties and regularly incur capital expenditures in the ordinary course of business to maintain the properties. We believe that such expenditures enhance our competitiveness. We also enter into construction, utility and service contracts in the ordinary course of its business which may extend beyond one year. These contracts typically provide for cancellation with insignificant or no cancellation penalties.

Guarantees

As of December 31, 2015, we had provided guarantees on behalf of certain of the real estate ventures, consisting of (i) a $24.7 million payment guaranty on the construction loan for evo at Cira; (ii) a $3.2 million payment guarantee on the construction loan for TB-BDN Plymouth Apartments; (iii) a several cost overrun guaranty on the $88.9 million construction loan for the development project being undertaken by 1919 Market Street LP; and (iv) a $0.5 million payment guarantee on a loan provided to PJP VII.  In addition, during construction undertaken by real estate ventures we have provided, and expect to continue to provide, cost overrun and completion guarantees, with rights of contribution among partners in ventures, as well as customary environmental indemnities and guarantees of customary exceptions to nonrecourse provisions in loan agreements.

Also as of December 31, 2015, we provided a cost overrun guarantee on the Subaru Headquarters Development (See Item 1., "Business - Other Development Services") for amounts in excess of the NTE amount.  The NTE amount, currently at $77.3 million, may be adjusted by change orders agreed upon by both Subaru and us.  We are obligated to pay for construction costs in excess of the NTE amount. The terms of the guarantee do not provide a limitation on the costs we may be responsible for.

As part of our acquisition of properties from time to time in tax-deferred transactions, we have agreed to provide certain of the prior owners of the acquired properties with the right to guarantee our indebtedness.  If we were to seek to repay the indebtedness guaranteed by the prior owner before the expiration of the applicable agreement, we would be required to provide the prior owner an opportunity to guarantee qualifying replacement debt. These debt maintenance agreements may limit our ability to refinance indebtedness on terms that will be favorable to us.  As part of our 2013 acquisition of substantially all of the equity interests in the partnerships that own One and Two Commerce Square, we agreed, for the benefit of affiliates of the holder of the 1% residual ownership interest in these properties, to maintain qualifying mortgage debt through October 20, 2021, in the amounts of not less than $125.0 million on One Commerce Square and $100.0 million on Two Commerce Square.  Similarly, we have agreements in place with other contributors of assets to us that obligate us to maintain debt available for them to guaranty.

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Interest Rate Risk and Sensitivity Analysis

The analysis below presents the sensitivity of the market value of the Operating Partnership’s financial instruments to selected changes in market rates. The range of changes chosen reflects its view of changes which are reasonably possible over a one-year period. Market values are the present value of projected future cash flows based on the market rates chosen.

Our financial instruments consist of both fixed and variable rate debt. As of December 31, 2015, our consolidated debt consisted of mortgage loans with an outstanding principal balance of $562.7 million and unsecured notes with an outstanding principal balance of $1,524.9 million, all of which are fixed rate borrowings. We also have variable rate debt consisting of trust preferred securities with an outstanding principal balance of $78.6 million and an unsecured term loan with an outstanding principal balance of $250.0 million, all of which have been swapped to fixed rates. All financial instruments were entered into for other than trading purposes and the net market value of these financial instruments is referred to as the net financial position. Changes in interest rates have different impacts on the fixed and variable rate portions of our debt portfolio. A change in interest rates on the fixed portion of the debt portfolio impacts the net financial instrument position, but has no impact on interest incurred or cash flows. A change in interest rates on the variable portion of the debt portfolio impacts the interest incurred and cash flows, but does not impact the net financial instrument position.

If market rates of interest increase by 100 basis points, the fair value of our outstanding fixed-rate mortgage debt would decrease by approximately $29.8 million. If market rates of interest decrease by 100 basis points, the fair value of our outstanding fixed-rate mortgage debt would increase by approximately $32.3 million.

As of December 31, 2015, based on prevailing interest rates and credit spreads, the fair value of our unsecured notes was $1,529.3 million. For sensitivity purposes, a 100 basis point change in the discount rate equates to a change in the total fair value of our debt of approximately $15.1 million at December 31, 2015.

From time to time or as the need arises, we use derivative instruments to manage interest rate risk exposures and not for speculative purposes. The total outstanding principal balance of our variable rate debt was approximately $328.6 million and $278.6 million at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. The total fair value of our debt was approximately $305.5 million and $257.2 million at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. For sensitivity purposes, if market rates of interest increase by 100 basis points the fair value of our variable rate debt would decrease by approximately $23.3 million at December 31, 2015. If market rates of interest decrease by 100 basis points the fair value of our outstanding variable rate debt would increase by approximately $26.0 million.

These amounts were determined solely by considering the impact of hypothetical interest rates on our financial instruments. Due to the uncertainty of specific actions it may undertake to minimize possible effects of market interest rate increases, this analysis assumes no changes in our financial structure.

Funds from Operations (FFO)

Pursuant to the revised definition of FFO adopted by the Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”), we calculate FFO by adjusting net income/(loss) attributable to common unit holders (computed in accordance with GAAP) for gains (or losses) from sales of properties, impairment losses on depreciable consolidated real estate, impairment losses on investments in unconsolidated joint ventures driven by a measurable decrease in the fair value of depreciable real estate held by the unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures, real estate related depreciation and amortization, and after similar adjustments for unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures. FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure. The Operating Partnership believes that the use of FFO combined with the required U.S. GAAP presentations, has been beneficial in improving the understanding of operating results of REITs among the investing public and making comparisons of REITs’ operating results more meaningful. The Operating Partnership considers FFO to be a useful measure for reviewing comparative operating and financial performance because, by excluding gains or losses related to sales of previously depreciated operating real estate assets and real estate depreciation and amortization, FFO can help the investing public compare the operating performance of a company’s real estate between periods or as compared to other companies. The Operating Partnership’s computation of FFO may not be comparable to FFO reported by other REITs or real estate companies that do not define the term in accordance with the current NAREIT definition or that interpret the current NAREIT definition differently.

The Operating Partnership considers net income, as defined by U.S. GAAP, to be the most comparable earnings measure to FFO. While FFO and FFO per unit are relevant and widely used measures of operating performance of REITs, FFO does not represent cash flow from operations or net income as defined by U.S. GAAP and should not be considered as alternatives to those measures in evaluating the Company’s liquidity or operating performance. The Operating Partnership believes that to further understand our performance, FFO should be compared with its reported net income (loss) attributable to common unit holders and considered in addition to cash flows in accordance with GAAP, as presented in our Consolidated Financial Statements.

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The following table presents a reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to common unit holders to FFO for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014:

 

 

 

 

See discussion in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” included in Item 7 herein.

The financial statements and supplementary financial data of the Parent Company and the Operating Partnership and the reports thereon of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, with respect thereto are listed under Items 15(a) and 15(b) and filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. See Item 15., “Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.”

None.

 

 

Controls and Procedures (Parent Company)

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of the Parent Company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the Parent Company’s management conducted an evaluation of its disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based on this evaluation, the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer of the Parent Company concluded that the Parent Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this annual report.

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Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The management of the Parent Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f).

Under the supervision and with the participation of the Parent Company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the Parent Company’s management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Parent Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. Based on this evaluation under the framework in Internal Control — Integrated Framework, the Parent Company’s management concluded that the Parent Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2015.

The effectiveness of the Parent Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report which is included herein.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in the Parent Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fourth fiscal quarter to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Parent Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Controls and Procedures (Operating Partnership)

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of the Operating Partnership’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the Operating Partnership’s management conducted an evaluation of its disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer of Operating Partnership concluded that the Operating Partnership’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this annual report.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The management of the Operating Partnership is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f).

Under the supervision and with the participation of the Operating Partnership’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the Operating Partnership’s management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. Based on this evaluation under the framework in Internal Control — Integrated Framework, the Operating Partnership’s management concluded that the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2015.

The effectiveness of the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report which is included herein.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting.

There have not been any changes in the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fourth fiscal quarter to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting.

None.

 

 

 

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PART III

Incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with respect to its 2016 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

Incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with respect to its 2016 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

Incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with respect to its 2016 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

Incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with respect to its 2016 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

Incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with respect to its 2016 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

PART IV

The financial statements and schedules of the Parent Company and the Operating Partnership listed below are filed as part of this annual report on the pages indicated.

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Index to Financial Statements and Schedule

 

 

74

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(c) Exhibits

 

75

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76

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77

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78

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79

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80

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

 

Date: February 26, 2016

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

 

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

 

Date: February 26, 2016

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Trustees and Shareholders of Brandywine Realty Trust:

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the accompanying index appearing under Item 15(a) present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Brandywine Realty Trust and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) at December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.  In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedules listed in the accompanying index appearing under Item 15(a) present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements.  Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in 2013.  The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements and financial statement schedules, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements, on the financial statement schedules, and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits.  We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.  Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.  Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk.  Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.  A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.  Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

February 26, 2016

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Partners of Brandywine Operating Partnership, L.P.:

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the accompanying index appearing under Item 15(b) present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Brandywine Operating Partnership, L.P. and its subsidiaries (the “Partnership”) at December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.  In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedules listed in the accompanying index appearing under Item 15(b) presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements.  Also in our opinion, the Partnership maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in 2013.  The Partnership's management is responsible for these financial statements and financial statement schedules, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements, on the financial statement schedules, and on the Partnership's internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits.  We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.  Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.  Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk.  Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.  A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.  Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

February 26, 2016

 

 

 

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BRANDYWINE REALTY TRUST

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share information)

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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BRANDYWINE REALTY TRUST

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except share and per share information)

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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BRANDYWINE REALTY TRUST

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

 

 

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BRANDYWINE REALTY TRUST

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF BENEFICIARIES’ EQUITY

For the Years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013

(in thousands, except number of shares)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

 

 

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BRANDYWINE REALTY TRUST

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

 

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

 

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BRANDYWINE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except unit and per unit information)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

 

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BRANDYWINE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except unit and per unit information)

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

 

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BRANDYWINE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

 

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BRANDYWINE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF PARTNERS’ EQUITY

For the Years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013

(in thousands, except Units)

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

 

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BRANDYWINE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP L.P.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

 

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

 

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2015, 2014, AND 2013

 

 

1. ORGANIZATION OF THE PARENT COMPANY AND THE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP

The Parent Company is a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust (“REIT”) that provides leasing, property management, development, redevelopment, acquisition and other tenant-related services for a portfolio of office and industrial properties. The Parent Company owns its assets and conducts its operations through the Operating Partnership and subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership. The Parent Company is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership and, as of December 31, 2015, owned a 99.1% interest in the Operating Partnership. The Parent Company’s common shares of beneficial interest are publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “BDN”.

As of December 31, 2015, the Company owned 179 properties, consisting of 106 office properties, six industrial facilities, three mixed-use properties, one retail property (116 core properties), two development properties, 59 properties classified as held for sale, one redevelopment property and one re-entitlement property (collectively, the “Properties”) containing an aggregate of approximately 23.0 million net rentable square feet.  In addition, as of December 31, 2015, the Company owned economic interests in 16 unconsolidated real estate ventures that contain approximately 4.3 million net rentable square feet (collectively, the “Real Estate Ventures”).  As of December 31, 2015, the Company also owned 412 acres of undeveloped land, of which 120 acres were held for sale, and held options to purchase a parcel containing approximately 50 additional acres of undeveloped land.  As of December 31, 2015, the total potential development that these land parcels could support, under current zoning, entitlements or combination thereof, amounted to an estimated 7.1 million square feet.  The Properties and the properties owned by the Real Estate Ventures are located in or near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Metropolitan Washington, D.C.; Southern New Jersey; Richmond, Virginia; Wilmington, Delaware; Austin, Texas and Oakland and Concord, California. In addition to managing properties that the Company owns, as of December 31, 2015, the Company was managing approximately 6.5 million net rentable square feet of office and industrial properties for third parties and Real Estate Ventures.

All references to building square footage, acres, occupancy percentage the number of buildings and tax basis are unaudited.

The Company conducts its third-party real estate management services business primarily through six management companies (collectively, the “Management Companies”): Brandywine Realty Services Corporation (“BRSCO”), BTRS, Inc. (“BTRS”), Brandywine Properties I Limited, Inc. (“BPI”), BDN Brokerage, LLC (“BBL”), Brandywine Properties Management, L.P. (“BPM”) and Brandywine Brokerage Services, LLC (“BBS”). Each of BRSCO, BTRS and BPI is a taxable REIT subsidiary. As of December 31, 2015, the Operating Partnership owns, directly and indirectly, 100% of each of BRSCO, BTRS, BPI, BBL, BPM and BBS.  As of December 31, 2015, the Management Companies were managing properties containing an aggregate of approximately 29.5 million net rentable square feet, of which approximately 23.0 million net rentable square feet related to Properties owned by the Company and approximately 6.5 million net rentable square feet related to properties owned by third parties and Real Estate Ventures.

 

 

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Reclassifications

Reclassifications are related to the treatment of sold properties as discontinued operations on the statement of operations for all periods presented.  

During the fourth quarter of 2015, the Company adopted ASU 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuances Costs (“ASU 2015-03”), which requires the Company to reclassify debt financing costs, which were previously accounted for on the deferred costs line (assets), and present them in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the debt liability. The guidance provides an exception whereby deferred financing costs associated with our credit facility remain in deferred costs (assets) on the consolidated balance sheet.  Deferred financing costs totaling $24.0 million have been reclassified in the December 31, 2014 balance sheet from the deferred costs line and netted against the debt liability.  See Recent Accounting Pronouncements below for revisions to the accounting guidance for deferred financing costs.

Principles of Consolidation

When the Company obtains an economic interest in an entity, the Company evaluates the entity to determine if the entity is deemed a variable interest entity (“VIE”), and if the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary, in accordance with the accounting standard for the consolidation of variable interest entities. The accounting standard for the consolidation of VIEs requires the Company to qualitatively assess if the Company was the primary beneficiary of the VIEs based on whether the Company had (i) the power to direct those matters that most significantly impacted the activities of the VIE and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. For entities determined to be VIEs, but for which the Company is not the primary beneficiary, the Company’s maximum exposure to loss is the carrying amount of its investments.  As of December 31, 2015, the Company has provided guarantees on behalf of certain real estate ventures, consisting of: (i) a $24.7

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million payment guaranty on the construction loan for evo at Cira; (ii) a $3.2 million payment guarantee on the construction loan for TB-BDN Plymouth Apartments; (iii) a several cost overrun guaranty on the $88.9 million construction loan for the development project being undertaken by 1919 Ventures; and (iv) a $0.5 million payment guarantee on a loan provided to PJP VII.

When an entity is not deemed to be a VIE, the Company considers the provisions of the same accounting standard to determine whether a general partner/managing member, or the general partners/managing members as a group, controls a limited partnership or similar entity when the limited partners/non-managing members have certain rights. The Company consolidates (i) entities that are VIEs and of which the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary and (ii) entities that are non-VIEs and are controlled by the Company and in which the limited partners neither have the ability to dissolve the entity or remove the Company without cause nor any substantive participating rights. The Company continuously assesses its determination of whether an entity is a VIE and who the primary beneficiary is, and whether or not the limited partners/non-managing members in an entity have substantive rights, more particularly if certain events occur that are likely to cause a change in the original determinations. The Company’s assessment includes a review of applicable documents such as, but not limited to, applicable partnership agreements, limited liability company and other real estate venture agreements and management and leasing agreements to determine whether the Company has control to direct the business activities of the entities. The portion of the consolidated entities that is not owned by the Company is presented as non-controlling interest as of and during the periods consolidated. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

As of December 31, 2015, the Company included in its consolidated balance sheets consolidated VIEs having total assets of $422.9 million and total liabilities of $258.2 million.  

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Management makes significant estimates regarding revenue, valuation of real estate and related intangible assets and liabilities, impairment of long-lived assets, allowance for doubtful accounts and deferred costs.

Operating Properties

Operating properties are carried at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. The cost of operating properties reflects their purchase price or development cost. Acquisition costs related to business combinations are expensed as incurred, whereas the costs related to asset acquisitions are capitalized as incurred.  Costs incurred for the renovation and betterment of an operating property are capitalized to the Company’s investment in that property. Ordinary repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Major replacements and betterments, which improve or extend the life of the asset, are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives.

Purchase Price Allocation

The Company allocates the purchase price of properties considered to be business combinations to net tangible and identified intangible assets acquired based on fair values. Above-market and below-market in-place lease values for acquired properties are recorded based on the present value (using an interest rate which reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the in-place leases and (ii) the Company’s estimate of the fair market lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases, measured over a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable term of the lease (including the below market fixed renewal period, if applicable). Capitalized above-market lease values are amortized as a reduction of rental income over the remaining non-cancelable terms of the respective leases. Capitalized below-market lease values are amortized as an increase to rental income over the remaining non-cancelable terms of the respective leases, including any below market fixed-rate renewal periods that are considered probable.

Other intangible assets also include in-place leases based on the Company’s evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease and the Company’s overall relationship with the respective tenant. The Company estimates the cost to execute leases with terms similar to the remaining lease terms of the in-place leases, including leasing commissions, legal and other related expenses. This intangible asset is amortized to expense over the remaining term of the respective leases and any fixed-rate bargain renewal periods. Company estimates of value are made using methods similar to those used by independent appraisers or by using independent appraisals. Factors considered by the Company in this analysis include an estimate of the carrying costs during the expected lease-up periods considering current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, the Company includes real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up periods, which primarily range from four to twelve months. The Company also considers information obtained about each property as a result of its pre-acquisition due diligence, marketing and leasing activities in estimating the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired. The Company also uses the information obtained as a result of its pre-acquisition due diligence as part of its consideration of the accounting standard governing asset retirement obligations and when necessary, will record a conditional asset

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retirement obligation as part of its purchase price.  Though the Company considers the value of tenant relationships, the amounts are determined on a tenant-specific basis.  On certain of our acquisitions this intangible has been deemed immaterial.  In these instances no related intangible value is assigned.

In the event that a tenant terminates its lease, the unamortized portion of each intangible, including in-place lease values and tenant relationship values, is charged to expense and market rate adjustments (above or below) are recorded to revenue.

The Company records development acquisitions that do not meet the accounting criteria to be accounted for as business combinations at the purchase price paid. Costs directly associated with development acquisitions accounted for as asset acquisitions are capitalized as part of the cost of the acquisition.

Depreciation and Amortization

The costs of buildings and improvements are depreciated using the straight-line method based on the following useful lives: buildings and improvements (5 to 55 years) and tenant improvements (the shorter of (i) the life of the asset, 1 to 16 years, or (ii) the lease term).

Construction in Progress

Project costs directly associated with the development and construction of a real estate project are capitalized as construction in progress. Construction in progress also includes costs related to ongoing tenant improvement projects. In addition, interest, real estate taxes and other expenses that are directly associated with the Company’s development activities are capitalized until the property is placed in service. Interest expense is capitalized using the Company’s average interest rate. Internal direct costs are capitalized to projects in which qualifying expenditures are being incurred.  Internal direct construction costs totaling $7.3 million in 2015, $5.2 million in 2014, $3.7 million in 2013 and interest totaling $10.2 million in 2015, $4.8 million in 2014, and $2.6 million in 2013 were capitalized related to development of certain properties and land holdings.  The increase in capitalized costs is due to the development activity.  See Item 1., “Business - Developments,” for further discussion.

During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company’s internal direct construction costs are comprised entirely of capitalized salaries.  The following table shows the amount of compensation costs (including bonuses and benefits) capitalized for the years presented (in thousands):

 

 

Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment following the end of each quarter using cash flow projections and estimated fair values for each of the properties included within our impairment analysis. The Company update leasing and other assumptions regularly, paying particular attention to properties where there is an event or change in circumstances that indicates an impairment in value. For long-lived assets to be held and used, the Company analyzes recoverability based on the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated from the operations and eventual disposition of the assets over, in most cases, a 10-year hold period. If there is significant possibility that the Company will dispose of assets earlier, it analyzes the recoverability using a probability weighted analysis of the undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated from the operations and eventual disposition of each asset using various possible hold periods. If the recovery analysis indicates that the carrying value of the tested property is not recoverable, the property is written down to its fair value and an impairment loss is recognized. In such case, an impairment loss is recognized in the amount of the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over its fair value. If and when the Company’s plans change, it revises its recoverability analysis to use cash flows expected from operations and eventual disposition of each asset using hold periods that are consistent with its revised plans.

Estimated cash flows used in such analysis are based on the Company’s plans for the property and our views of market economic conditions. The estimates consider factors such as current and future rental rates, occupancies for the tested property and comparable properties, estimated operating and capital expenditures and recent sales data for comparable properties; most of these factors are influenced by market data obtained from real estate leasing and brokerage firms and the Company’s direct experience with the properties and their markets.

The Company generally consider assets to be “held for sale” when the transaction has been approved by our Board of Trustees, or by officers vested with authority to approve the transaction, and there are no known significant contingencies relating to the sale of the property within one year of the consideration date and the consummation of the transaction is otherwise considered probable. When a

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property is designated as held for sale, the Company stops depreciating the property and estimate the property’s fair value, net of selling costs; if the determination is made that the estimated fair value, net of selling costs, is less than the net carrying value of the property, an impairment loss is recognized equal to the difference and reduces the net carrying value of the property. For periods in which a property is classified as held for sale, the Company classifies the assets of the property as held for sale on the consolidated balance sheet for such periods.

The relevant accounting guidance for impairments requires that qualifying assets and liabilities and the results of operations that have been sold, or otherwise qualify as “held for sale,” be presented as discontinued operations in all periods presented if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has, or will have, a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results. The components of the property’s net income that is reflected as discontinued operations include the net gain (or loss) upon the disposition of the property held for sale, operating results, depreciation and interest expense (if the property is subject to a secured loan).

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are highly-liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. The Company maintains cash equivalents in financial institutions in excess of insured limits, but believes this risk is mitigated by only investing in or through major financial institutions.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash consists of cash held as collateral to provide credit enhancement for the Company’s mortgage debt, cash for property taxes, capital expenditures and tenant improvements. Escrows also include cash held by qualified intermediaries for possible investments in like-kind exchanges in accordance with Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code in connection with sales of the Company’s properties.

Accounts Receivable and Accrued Rent Receivable

Leases with tenants are accounted for as operating leases. Minimum annual rentals under tenant leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the related lease. The cumulative difference between lease revenue recognized under the straight-line method and contractual lease payment terms is recorded as “accrued rent receivable, net” on the accompanying balance sheets. Included in current tenant receivables are tenant reimbursements which are comprised of amounts recoverable from tenants for common area maintenance expenses and certain other recoverable expenses that are recognized as revenue in the period in which the related expenses are incurred. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, no tenant represented more than 10% of accounts receivable and accrued rent receivable.

Tenant receivables and accrued rent receivables are carried net of the allowances for doubtful accounts of $1.7 million and $14.5 million in 2015, respectively and $2.0 million and $13.4 million in 2014, respectively. The allowance is an estimate based on two calculations that are combined to determine the total amount reserved. First, the Company evaluates specific accounts where it has determined that a tenant may have an inability to meet its financial obligations. In these situations, the Company uses its judgment, based on the facts and circumstances, and records a specific reserve for that tenant against amounts due to reduce the receivable to the amount that the Company expects to collect. These reserves are reevaluated and adjusted as additional information becomes available. Second, a reserve is established for all tenants based on a range of percentages applied to receivable aging categories for tenant receivables. For accrued rent receivables, the Company considers the results of the evaluation of specific accounts and also considers other factors including assigning risk factors to different industries based on its tenants Standard Industrial Classification (SIC). Considering various factors including assigning a risk factor to different industries, these percentages are based on historical collection and write-off experience adjusted for current market conditions, which requires management’s judgments.

Investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures

The Company accounts for its investments in unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures under the equity method of accounting as it is not the primary beneficiary (for VIEs) and the Company exercises significant influence, but does not control these entities under the provisions of the entities’ governing agreements pursuant to the accounting standard for the consolidation of VIEs.  When the Company determines that its investment in an unconsolidated Real Estate Venture does not constitute a VIE, the Company utilizes the voting interest model under the accounting standard for consolidation to determine whether to consolidate the venture.

Under the equity method, investments in unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures are recorded initially at cost, as investments in Real Estate Ventures, and subsequently adjusted for equity in earnings, cash contributions, less distributions and impairments. For Real Estate Ventures that are constructing assets to commence planned principal operations, the Company capitalizes interest expense using the Company’s weighted average interest rate of consolidated debt and its investment balance as a basis. Planned principal operations commence when a property is available to lease and at that point in time the Company ceases capitalizing interest to its investment basis. In each of the twelve months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 the Company capitalized interest expense of $2.0 million. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2013, the Company capitalized interest expense of $0.6 million.

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On a periodic basis, management also assesses whether there are any indicators that the value of the Company’s investments in unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures may be other than temporarily impaired. An investment is impaired only if the value of the investment, as estimated by management, is less than the carrying value of the investment and the decline is other than temporary. To the extent that an impairment has occurred, the loss shall be measured as the excess of the carrying amount of the investment over the fair value of the investment, as estimated by management. The determination as to whether an impairment exists requires significant management judgment about the fair value of its ownership interest. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including but not limited to, discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third party appraisals.

When the Company acquires an interest in or contributes assets to a real estate venture project, the difference between the Company’s cost basis in the investment and the value of the real estate venture or asset contributed is amortized over the life of the related assets, intangibles and liabilities and such adjustment is included in the Company’s share of equity in income of unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures. For purposes of cash flow presentation, distributions from unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures are presented as part of operating activities when they are considered as return on investments. Distributions in excess of the Company’s share in the cumulative unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures’ earnings are considered as return of investments and are presented as part of investing activities in accordance with the accounting standard for cash flow presentation.

Deferred Costs

Costs incurred in connection with property leasing are capitalized as deferred leasing costs. Deferred leasing costs consist primarily of leasing commissions and internal leasing costs that are amortized using the straight-line method over the life of the respective lease which generally ranges from 1 to 15 years. Management re-evaluates the remaining useful lives of leasing costs as economic and market conditions change.

Notes Receivable

The Company accounts for notes receivable on its balance sheet at amortized cost, net of allowance for loan losses. Interest income is recognized over the term of the notes receivable and is calculated based on the terms on the contractual terms of each note agreement.

Notes receivable are placed on nonaccrual status when management determines, after considering economic and business conditions and collection efforts, that the loans are impaired or collection of interest is doubtful. Uncollectible interest previously accrued is recognized as bad debt expense. Interest income on nonaccrual loans is recognized only to the extent that cash payments are received.

On October 17, 2014, the Austin Venture acquired River Place (See Note 4, “Investment in Unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures,” for further information related to the acquisition) and funded $88.0 million of the purchase price with a short-term loan, secured by a mortgage.  The short-term financing was provided by the Company while the Austin Venture secured permanent financing.  On January 30, 2015, the Austin Venture closed on a mortgage loan with a non-affiliated institutional lender, and used the proceeds to repay in full the $88.0 million. The Company earned $0.4 million and $0.7 million of interest income for the years ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.  

Deferred Financing Costs

Costs incurred in connection with debt financing are capitalized as deferred financing costs and charged to interest expense over the terms of the related debt agreements. Deferred financing costs consist primarily of loan fees which are amortized over the related loan term on a basis that approximates the effective interest method. Deferred financing costs are accelerated, when debt is extinguished, as part of “Interest expense-amortization of deferred financing costs” within the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Original issue discounts are recognized as part of the gain or loss on extinguishment of debt, as appropriate.  

During the fourth quarter of 2015, the Company adopted accounting guidance related to the presentation of deferred financing costs on the balance sheet and reclassified amounts from the deferred costs line (assets) to net against the debt liability for all periods presented.  See Recent Accounting Pronouncements below for revisions to the accounting guidance for deferred financing costs.

Revenue Recognition

Rental revenue is recognized on the straight-line basis, which averages minimum rents over the terms of the leases from the later of the date of the commencement of the lease or the date of acquisition of the property subject to existing leases. The straight-line rent adjustment increased revenue by approximately $21.6 million in 2015, $13.7 million in 2014 and $17.7 million in 2013. Deferred rents on the balance sheet represent rental revenue received prior to their due dates and amounts paid by the tenant for certain improvements considered to be landlord assets that will remain as the Company’s property at the end of the tenant’s lease term. The amortization of the amounts paid by the tenant for such improvements is calculated on a straight-line basis over the term of the tenant’s lease and is a component of straight-line rental income and increased revenue by $2.0 million in 2015 and $2.4 million in each of 2014 and 2013. Lease incentives, which are included as reductions of rental revenue in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations, are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease incentives decreased revenue by $1.8 million in 2015, $1.5 million in 2014, and $0.7 million in 2013.

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In addition, the Company’s rental revenue is impacted by the Company’s determination of whether improvements to the properties, whether made by the Company or by the tenant, are landlord assets. The determination of whether an improvement is a landlord asset requires judgment.  In making this judgment, the Company’s primary consideration is whether the improvement would be utilizable by another tenant upon move out of the improved space by the then-existing tenant. If the Company has funded an improvement that it determines not to be landlord assets, then it treats the cost of the improvement as a lease incentive. If the tenant has funded the improvement that the Company determines to be landlord assets, then the Company treats the costs of the improvement as deferred revenue and amortizes this cost into revenue over the lease term.

The Company’s leases also typically provide for tenant reimbursement of a portion of common area maintenance expenses and other operating expenses to the extent that a tenant’s pro rata share of expenses exceeds a base year level set in the lease or to the extent that the tenant has a lease on a triple net basis. For certain leases, the Company makes significant assumptions and judgments in determining the lease term, including assumptions when the lease provides the tenant with an early termination option. The lease term impacts the period over which the Company determines and records minimum rents and also impacts the period over which the Company amortizes lease-related costs.

Recoveries from tenants, consisting of amounts due from tenants for common area maintenance expenses, real estate taxes and other recoverable costs are recognized as revenue in the period during which the expenses are incurred.

Tenant reimbursements are recognized and presented in accordance with accounting guidance which requires that these reimbursements be recorded on a gross basis because the Company is generally the primary obligor with respect to the goods and services the purchase of which gives rise to the reimbursement obligation; because the Company has discretion in selecting the vendors and suppliers; and because the Company bears the credit risk in the event they do not reimburse the Company. The Company also receives payments from third parties for reimbursement of a portion of the payroll and payroll-related costs for certain of the Company’s personnel allocated to perform services for these third parties and reflects these payments on a gross basis.

The Company recognizes gains on sales of real estate at times and in amounts determined in accordance with the accounting guidance for sales of real estate. The guidance takes into account the terms of the transaction and any continuing involvement, including in the form of management, leasing of space or financial assistance associated with the properties. If the sales criteria for the full accrual method are not met, then the Company defers some or all of the gain recognition and accounts for the continued operations of the property by applying the finance, leasing, profit sharing, deposit, installment or cost recovery method, as appropriate, until the sales criteria are met.

The Company derives parking revenues from leases, monthly parking and transient parking. The Company recognizes parking revenue as earned.

The Company receives leasing commission income, management fees and development fees from third parties.

Leasing commission income is earned based on a percentage of gross rental income upon a tenant signing a lease with a third party lessor. Property management fees are recorded and earned based on a percentage of collected rents at the properties under management, and not on a straight-line basis, because such fees are contingent upon the collection of rents. The Company records development fees on a percentage of completion basis taking into account the risk associated with each project.

The Company recognizes fees received for lease terminations as revenue and write off against such revenue any deferred rents receivable. The resulting net amount is the net revenue from the early termination of the leases. When a tenant's lease for space in a property is terminated early but the tenant continues to lease such space under a new or modified lease in the property, the net revenue from the early termination of the lease is recognized evenly over the remaining life of the new or modified lease in place on that property.

No tenant represented greater than 10% of the Company’s rental revenue in 2015, 2014 or 2013.

Income Taxes

Parent Company

The Parent Company has elected to be treated as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). In order to continue to qualify as a REIT, the Parent Company is required to, among other things, distribute at least 90% of its annual REIT taxable income to its shareholders and meet certain tests regarding the nature of its income and assets. As a REIT, the Parent Company is not subject to federal and state income taxes with respect to the portion of its income that meets certain criteria and is distributed annually to its shareholders. Accordingly, no provision for federal and state income taxes is included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements with respect to the operations of the Parent Company. The Parent Company intends to continue to operate in a manner that allows it to meet the requirements for taxation as a REIT. If the Parent Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to federal and state income taxes and may not be able to qualify as a REIT for

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the four subsequent tax years. The Parent Company is subject to certain local income taxes. Provision for such taxes has been included in general and administrative expenses in the Parent Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.

The tax basis of the Parent Company’s assets was $3.9 billion and $3.7 billion for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

The Parent Company is subject to a 4% federal excise tax if sufficient taxable income is not distributed within prescribed time limits. The excise tax equals 4% of the annual amount, if any, by which the sum of (a) 85% of the Parent Company’s ordinary income and (b) 95% of the Parent Company’s net capital gain exceeds cash distributions and certain taxes paid by the Parent Company. No excise tax was incurred in 2015, 2014 or 2013.

The Parent Company has elected to treat several of its subsidiaries as taxable REIT subsidiaries (each a “TRS”). A TRS is subject to federal, state and local income tax. In general, a TRS may perform non-customary services for tenants, hold assets that the Parent Company, as a REIT, cannot hold directly and generally may engage in any real estate or non-real estate related business. The Company’s taxable REIT subsidiaries did not have significant tax provisions or deferred income tax items as of December 31, 2015 and 2014.

The Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act (PATH Act) was enacted in December 2015, and included numerous law changes applicable to REITs.  The provisions have various effective dates beginning as early as 2016.  We expect that the changes will not materially impact our operations, but the Company will continue to monitor as regulatory guidance is issued.

Operating Partnership

In general, the Operating Partnership is not subject to federal and state income taxes, and accordingly, no provision for income taxes has been made in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The partners of the Operating Partnership are required to include their respective share of the Operating Partnership’s profits or losses in their respective tax returns. The Operating Partnership’s tax returns and the amount of allocable Partnership profits and losses are subject to examination by federal and state taxing authorities. If such examination results in changes to the Operating Partnership profits or losses, then the tax liability of the partners would be changed accordingly.

The tax basis of the Operating Partnership’s assets was $3.9 billion and $3.7 billion for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

The Operating Partnership may elect to treat one or more of its subsidiaries as REITs under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code. Each subsidiary REIT has met the requirements for treatment as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code, and, accordingly, no provision has been made for federal and state income taxes in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. If any subsidiary REIT fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, that subsidiary REIT will be subject to federal and state income taxes and may not be able to qualify as a REIT for the four subsequent taxable years. Also, each subsidiary REIT may be subject to certain local income taxes.

The Operating Partnership has elected to treat several of its subsidiaries as TRSs, which are subject to federal, state and local income tax.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders, as adjusted for unallocated earnings, if any, of certain securities, by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur from shares issuable in connection with awards under share-based compensation plans, including upon the exercise of stock options, and conversion of the noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership.  Anti-dilutive shares are excluded from the calculation.

Earnings Per Unit

Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income available to common unitholders, as adjusted for unallocated earnings, if any, of certain securities issued by the Operating Partnership, by the weighted average number of common unit equivalents outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur from shares issuable in connection with awards under share-based compensation plans, including upon the exercise of stock options. Anti-dilutive units are excluded from the calculation.

Stock-Based Compensation Plans

The Parent Company maintains a shareholder-approved equity-incentive plan known as the Amended and Restated 1997 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “1997 Plan”). The 1997 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Parent Company’s Board of Trustees. Under the 1997 Plan, the Compensation Committee is authorized to award equity and equity-based awards, including

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incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, restricted shares and performance-based shares. On June 2, 2010, the Parent Company’s shareholders approved amendments to the 1997 Plan that, among other things, increased the number of common shares available for future awards under the 1997 Plan by 6,000,000 (of which 3,600,000 shares are available solely for options and share appreciation rights). As of December 31, 2015, 4,295,559 common shares remained available for future awards under the 1997 Plan (including 2,624,067 shares available solely for options and share appreciation rights). Through December 31, 2015, all options awarded under the 1997 Plan had a one to ten-year term.

The Company incurred stock-based compensation expense of $7.3 million during 2015, of which $1.9 million was capitalized as part of the Company’s review of employee salaries eligible for capitalization. The Company incurred stock-based compensation on expense of $6.1 million and $8.3 million during 2014 and 2013, of which $1.7 million and $1.4 million, respectively, were also capitalized. The expensed amounts are included in general and administrative expense on the Company’s consolidated income statement in the respective periods.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income is recorded in accordance with the provisions of the accounting standard for comprehensive income. The accounting standard establishes standards for reporting comprehensive income and its components in the financial statements. Comprehensive income includes the effective portions of changes in the fair value of derivatives.

Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company accounts for its derivative instruments and hedging activities in accordance with the accounting standard for derivative and hedging activities. The accounting standard requires the Company to measure every derivative instrument (including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts) at fair value and record them in the balance sheet as either an asset or liability. See disclosures below related to the accounting standard for fair value measurements and disclosures.

For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portions of changes in the fair value of the derivative are reported in other comprehensive income while the ineffective portions are recognized in earnings.

The Company actively manages its ratio of fixed-to-floating rate debt. To manage its fixed and floating rate debt in a cost-effective manner, the Company, from time to time, enters into interest rate swap agreements as cash flow hedges, under which it agrees to exchange various combinations of fixed and/or variable interest rates based on agreed upon notional amounts.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company estimates the fair value of its derivatives in accordance with the accounting standard for fair value measurements and disclosures. The accounting standard defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. It also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value. Financial assets and liabilities recorded on the consolidated balance sheets are categorized based on the inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:

In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

Non-financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis include non-financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value in a business combination and the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets measured at fair value.  The Company periodically reviews its long-lived assets and equity method investments for other than temporary impairment. Any impairments recorded on equity method investments would be recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis. The fair values assigned to the

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Company's purchase price allocations primarily utilize Level 3 inputs. The fair value assigned to the long-lived assets for which there was impairment recorded utilize Level 3 inputs.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In September 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued guidance pertaining to entities that have reported provisional amounts for items in a business combination for which the accounting is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the combination occurs and during the measurement period have an adjustment to provisional amounts recognized. The guidance requires that an acquirer recognize adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. Any adjustments should be calculated as if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. The guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. Application of the guidance is prospective.

On July 9, 2015, the FASB elected to defer the effective date of the revenue recognition standard issued in May 2014 by one year. Reporting entities may choose to adopt the standard as of the original effective date or for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Calendar year-end public entities are therefore required to apply the new revenue guidance beginning in their 2018 interim and annual financial statements. The Company has not yet determined the impact, if any, that the adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued guidance requiring that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The recognition and measurement guidance for debt issuance costs are not affected by this update. Additionally, in August 2015 the FASB issued guidance expanding the April 2015 update. It states that, given the absence of authoritative guidance within the update, the SEC staff would not object to an entity deferring and presenting debt issuance costs as an asset for revolving lines of credit and subsequently amortizing the deferred debt issuance costs ratably over the term of the arrangement, regardless of whether there are any outstanding borrowings on the line of credit. This guidance is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted for financial statements that have not been previously issued. Full retrospective application is required. Early adoption is permitted. The Company elected to early adopt this guidance during the fourth quarter of 2015 and reclassify amounts in each period presented.  The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations as the update relates only to changes in financial statement presentation. See “Reclassifications” section above for further details on the adoption of this guidance.

In February 2015, the FASB issued guidance modifying the analysis a reporting entity must perform to determine whether it should consolidate certain types of legal entities. The guidance does not change the general order in which the consolidation models are applied. A reporting entity that holds an economic interest in, or is otherwise involved with, another legal entity must first determine if the variable interest entity model applies, and if so, whether it holds a controlling financial interest under that model. If the entity being evaluated for consolidation is not a variable interest entity, then the voting interest model should be applied to determine whether the entity should be consolidated by the reporting entity. Key changes to the guidance include, but are not limited to: (i) limiting the extent to which related party interests are included to determine the decision maker’s effective financial interest in the entity, (ii) requiring that the limited partners in the limited partnership (or the members of a limited liability company that is similar to a limited partnership) have either substantive kick-out rights or substantive participating rights over the general partner to demonstrate that the limited partnership is a voting interest entity, (iii) changing the evaluation of whether the equity holders at risk lack decision making rights when decision making is outsourced and (iv) changing how the economics test is performed. The guidance does not amend the existing disclosure requirements for variable interest entities or voting interest model entities. The guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted. A reporting entity may elect to either apply the amendments using a modified retrospective approach by recording a cumulative-effect adjustment to equity as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption or apply the amendments retrospectively. Under the revised guidance, the Operating Partnership will be a variable interest entity of the Parent Company. As the Operating Partnership is already consolidated in the balance sheets of the Parent Company, the identification of this entity as a variable interest entity has no impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Parent Company. The Company has determined that the adoption of this guidance will not have a significant impact on our existing consolidation conclusions and we plan to adopt the guidance as of January 1, 2016.

 

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3. REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS

As of December 31, 2015 and 2014 the gross carrying value of the Company’s Properties was as follows (in thousands):

 

Acquisitions and Dispositions

2015

Acquisitions

The Company completed each of the transactions described below with unaffiliated third parties in arms’ length transactions.

On July 7, 2015, the Company acquired a 0.8 acre parcel of land located at 2100 Market Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for $18.8 million. The Company funded $16.8 million of the purchase price with available corporate funds and the remaining $2.0 million of the purchase price was deferred until the earlier of the commencement of development or 24 months from settlement. The Company accounted for this transaction as an asset acquisition and capitalized a nominal amount of acquisition related costs and other costs as part of land inventory on its consolidated balance sheet. In connection with the purchase agreement, if certain land parcels adjacent to 2100 Market Street are acquired from unaffiliated third parties, the Company may be required to pay additional consideration to the seller of 2100 Market Street. The unaffiliated third parties are not party to this transaction and any land parcels acquired will be acquired in arm’s length transactions. The amount of additional consideration, if any, payable to the seller of 2100 Market Street cannot be determined at this time. The Company has not yet determined the timing and cost of construction for the project as of December 31, 2015.

On June 22, 2015, through a series of transactions with International Business Machines ("IBM"), the Company acquired the remaining 50.0% interest in Broadmoor Austin Associates, consisting of seven office buildings and the 66.0 acre underlying land parcel located in Austin, Texas, for an aggregate purchase price of $211.4 million. The aggregate purchase price includes the carrying amount of our investment in Broadmoor Austin Associates of $66.3 million. The office buildings contain 1,112,236 net rentable square feet of office space and were 100.0% occupied as of June 22, 2015. The Company funded the cost of the acquisition with an aggregate cash payment of $143.8 million, consisting of $81.0 million from available corporate funds and $62.8 million previously held in escrow related to a Section 1031 like-kind exchange. Part of the cash payment was used at closing to repay, at no repayment penalty, the remaining $51.2 million of secured debt. The Company incurred $0.2 million of acquisition related costs that are classified within general and administrative expenses.

The Company previously accounted for its 50.0% non-controlling interest in Broadmoor Austin Associates under the equity method of accounting. As a result of acquiring IBM's remaining 50.0% common interest in Broadmoor Austin Associates, the Company obtained control of Broadmoor Austin Associates and the Company's existing investment balance was remeasured based on the fair value of the underlying properties acquired and the existing distribution provisions under the relevant partnership agreement. As a result, the Company recorded a $0.8 million gain on remeasurement.

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The Company has treated its acquisition of the 50.0% ownership interest in Broadmoor Austin Associates as a business combination and allocated the purchase price to the tangible and intangible assets and liabilities. The Company utilized a number of sources in making estimates of fair values for purposes of allocating the purchase price to tangible and intangibles assets acquired and intangible liabilities assumed. The purchase price has been allocated as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

The unaudited pro forma information below summarizes the Company’s combined results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, as though the acquisition of Broadmoor Austin Associates was completed on January 1, 2014. The supplemental pro forma operating data is not necessarily indicative of what the actual results of operations would have been assuming the transaction had been completed as set forth above, nor do they purport to represent the Company’s results of operations for future periods (in thousands, except for per share amounts).

 

 

For the year ended December 31, 2014, $0.2 million of acquisition related costs are included as if the transaction occurred January 1, 2014.

On April 6, 2015, the Company acquired a 0.8 acre parcel of land, located at 25 M Street Southeast, Washington, D.C. for $20.3 million. The Company funded the cost of this acquisition with available corporate funds. The Company capitalized $0.3 million of acquisition related costs and these costs are included as part of land inventory on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. On May

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12, 2015, the Company subsequently contributed the land parcel into a newly formed real estate venture known as 25 M Street Holdings, LLC (“25 M Street”), a joint venture between the Company and Jaco 25 M Investors, LLC (“Akridge”), an unaffiliated third party, with the intent to construct a 271,000 square foot Class A office property. The Company holds a 95.0% ownership interest in 25 M Street and Akridge contributed $1.0 million in cash for its 5.0% ownership interest in 25 M Street. The $1.0 million contribution from Akridge was distributed to the Company during 2015. 25 M Street is consolidated within the Company's financial statements. See Note 4, "Investment in Unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures," for further information. As of December 31, 2015, 25 M Street had not finalized development plans and total development costs, or received committed debt financing.

On April 2, 2015, the Company acquired, from an unaffiliated third party, a property located at 618 Market Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, comprised of a 330-space parking garage and 14,404 net rentable square feet for $19.4 million. Although the property is currently fully operational, the Company intends to either redevelop the existing property or demolish and fully develop the property. As of December 31, 2015, we had not yet begun any such development or redevelopment plans. The purchase price includes contingent consideration, recorded at fair value and payable to the seller upon commencement of development, totaling $1.6 million, and cash of $17.8 million.

The Company has treated the acquisition of 618 Market Street as a business combination and allocated the purchase price to the tangible and intangible assets. The Company utilized a number of sources in making estimates of fair values for purposes of allocating the purchase price to tangible and intangible assets acquired. The Company allocated $19.2 million to building, land and improvements and $0.2 million to intangible assets.

The fair value of contingent consideration was determined using a probability weighted discounted cash flow model. The significant inputs to the discounted cash flow model were the discount rate and weighted probability scenarios. As the inputs are unobservable, the Company determined the inputs used to value this liability falls within Level 3 for fair value reporting. As of December 31, 2015, there was no significant changes to the inputs and the liability remains within Level 3 for fair value reporting.

Dispositions

The Company sold the following office properties, in each case to unaffiliated third parties in arms’ length transactions, during the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2015 (dollars in thousands):

 

 

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The Company sold the following land parcels, in each case to unaffiliated third parties in arms’ length transactions, during the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2015 (dollars in thousands):

 

Held for Sale

The following is a summary of properties classified as held for sale but which did it not meet the criteria to be classified within discontinued operations at December 31, 2015 (in thousands):  

 

 

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The sales of our equity interests and the fee interests in the properties referenced above do not represent a strategic shift that has a major effect on the Company's operations and financial results. As a result, the operating results of these properties remain classified within continuing operations for all periods presented. See Note 21, "Subsequent Events," for further information regarding these dispositions.

Held for Use Impairment

As of December 31, 2015, the Company evaluated the recoverability of the carrying value of its properties under the undiscounted cash flow model. Based on the analysis, it was determined that due to deteriorating operating results, increased market vacancy and a reduction in management’s intended hold period, the Company would not recover the carrying value of three properties located in our Metropolitan D.C. segment. Accordingly, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $27.5 million at December 31, 2015 reducing the aggregate carrying values of these properties from $40.4 million to their estimated fair values of $12.9 million. The Company determined these impairments based on a discounted cash flow analysis, using a hold period of 10 years and residual capitalization rates and discount rates of 8.0%. The results were compared to indicative pricing in the market. The assumptions used to determine fair value are Level 3 inputs, respectively, in accordance with the fair value hierarchy established by Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 820, "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.”

2014

Acquisitions

The Company completed each of the transactions described below with unaffiliated third parties in arms’ length transactions.

On February 19, 2014, the Company acquired 54.1 acres of undeveloped land known as Encino Trace in Austin, Texas for $14.0 million. The land is fully entitled with a site plan and building permits in place allowing for the development of two four-story office buildings containing approximately 320,000 net rentable square feet.  The purchase price included an in-place lease for 75% of the first building.  The Company capitalized $8.4 million in construction in progress, recorded $4.6 million in land inventory and recorded a deposit for a portion of the future development fee held in escrow of $1.0 million.  The Company funded the acquisition with available corporate funds.

As of December 31, 2014, each of the two office buildings at Encino Trace was in development, and the Company had funded, through such date, $38.8 million, inclusive of the $14.0 million acquisition cost.  During the second quarter of 2014, the Company reclassified the $4.6 million remaining in land inventory to construction in progress in connection with commencement of development of the second building.

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Dispositions

The Company sold the following office properties, in each case to unaffiliated third parties in arms’ length transactions, during the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2014 (dollars in thousands):

The Company sold the following land parcels, in each case to unaffiliated third parties in arms’ length negotiations, during the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2014 (dollars in thousands):

Held for Sale

Subsequent to December 31, 2014, the Company sold two office properties, commonly known as “Atrium I,” which includes 99,668 square feet of rentable space located in Mt Laurel, New Jersey and “Libertyview,” which includes 121,737 square feet of rentable space located in Cherry Hill, New Jersey.   As of December 31, 2014, the Company classified Atrium I and Libertyview as held for sale in accordance with applicable accounting standard for long lived assets. Accordingly, at December 31, 2014, the properties were required to be measured at the lower of their carrying value or the estimated fair value less costs to sell. No provision for impairment was recognized at December 31, 2014, as the estimated fair value of the properties (based on the executed agreement in place at December 31, 2014) less costs to sell exceeded the carrying value of the properties.

The disposal of the properties referenced above does not represent a strategic shift that has a major effect on our operations and financial results.  Accordingly, the operating results of these properties remain classified within continuing operations for all periods presented.

2013

Acquisitions

One and Two Commerce Square

On December 19, 2013, the Company acquired 99% of the common interests in the One and Two Common Square partnerships (“Commerce Square”), the entities which own two 41-story Trophy-class office towers in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from Parkway. The office towers contain 1,896,142 of net rentable square feet and were 86.7% occupied as of December 31, 2013.  The Company

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acquired Commerce Square for an aggregate purchase price of $331.8 million and funded the acquisition via assumption of $237.1 million of existing mortgage debt and a $73.1 million cash payment from available corporate funds.

The Company previously accounted for our non-controlling interest in Commerce Square under the equity method of accounting. As a result of acquiring a 99% common interest in the partnerships the Company obtained control of Commerce Square and our existing investment balance was remeasured based on the fair value of the underlying properties acquired and the existing distribution provisions under the relevant partnership agreements. Accordingly, a loss on remeasurement of $1.0 million was recorded as a result of this transaction.

The Company has treated this transaction as a business combination and allocated the purchase price to the tangible and intangible assets and liabilities. As discussed in Note 2, the Company utilized a number of sources in making estimates of fair values for purposes of allocating the purchase price to tangible and intangible assets acquired and intangible liabilities assumed.  The purchase price is allocated as follows:

 

 

Intangible assets acquired and intangible liabilities assumed consist of the following (in thousands):

 

In connection with the acquisition of One Commerce Square, the Company assumed a $125.1 million existing non-recourse first mortgage with a fixed interest rate of 5.67% and a maturity date of January 6, 2016. In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, the mortgage was recorded at $130.2 million to reflect the fair value.  On December 29, 2015, the Company refinanced the debt increasing the principal balance to $130.0 million and extended the term from the scheduled maturity from January 6, 2016 to April 5, 2023.

In connection with the acquisition of Two Commerce Square, the Company assumed a $112.0 million existing non-recourse first mortgage with a fixed interest rate of 3.96% and a maturity date of April 5, 2023. In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, the mortgage was recorded at $107.9 million to reflect the fair value.

The Company recognized $0.9 million of acquisition related costs which are included as part of general and administrative expenses of the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.

Four Points Centre

On December 19, 2013, the Company acquired two three-story, Class A office buildings totaling 192,396 of net rentable square feet known as Four Points Centre, together with 22.3 acres of nearby parcels of land in Austin, Texas known for an aggregate $47.3 million.  This property was 99.2% occupied as of December 31, 2013.  The Company funded the acquisition price with available corporate funds, while recognizing $0.1 million of acquisition related costs, which are included as part of general and administrative

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expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The acquisition has been treated as a business combination and the total purchase price was allocated as follows: $36.0 million to building, $5.8 million to land, $6.5 million to intangible assets and $1.0 million to below market lease liabilities assumed.

Six Tower Bridge

On June 19, 2013, the Company acquired the remaining ownership interest in the real estate venture known as “Six Tower Bridge” that it did not then already own.  See Note 4, “Investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures,” for further discussion.

Cira Centre

On November 19, 2013, the Company acquired a 0.8 acre land parcel underlying Cira Centre in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for $24.6 million. The purchase terminates a long term ground lease agreement entered into during the development of Cira Centre. The Company has accounted for the transaction as an asset acquisition. Prior to the acquisition date, the Company recorded ground rent expense on a straight-line basis, resulting in accrued rent liability of $12.1 million. The accounting guidance for leases requires that an asset purchased which was previously subject to an operating lease cannot result in a gain, accordingly, the basis of the acquired land was reduced by the accrued rent liability and no income was recognized at acquisition. The Company capitalized $1.4 million of acquisition related costs as part of the basis in the operating land.

Three Logan Square

On April 25, 2013, the Company exercised its purchase option under the long term ground lease agreement it held through its acquisition of Three Logan Square on August 5, 2010 and acquired the 1.8 acre land parcel underlying Three Logan Square in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for $20.8 million. The Company has accounted for the transaction as an asset acquisition. A portion of the original purchase price of Three Logan Square was allocated to a below market ground lease intangible asset.  As the sum of the purchase price of the land plus the $4.3 million remaining unamortized balance for the intangible asset approximates the fair value of the land as unencumbered by the ground lease, the remaining intangible asset balance was reclassified to land upon exercise of the purchase option. The Company funded the cost of the acquisition with available corporate funds and capitalized $0.1 million of acquisition related costs as part of the basis in the operating land.

Dispositions

The Company sold the following office properties during the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2013 (dollars in thousands):

On August 5, 2013, the Company sold an eight-acre parcel of land located in Richmond, Virginia known as Dabney Land East, for a sales price of $0.5 million resulting in a $0.1 million loss on sale after closing and other transaction related costs. The land parcel was undeveloped as of the date of sale.

The sales of these properties, with the exception of the Austin portfolio and Dabney Land East, are included in discontinued operations.

 

 

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4. INVESTMENT IN UNCONSOLIDATED VENTURES

As of December 31, 2015, the Company held ownership interests in 16 unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures for an aggregate investment balance of $239.9 million, of which $241.0 million is included in assets and $1.1 million is included in other liabilities relating to the negative investment balance of one real estate venture. The Company formed or acquired interests in these ventures with unaffiliated parties to develop or manage office, residential and/or mixed-use properties or to acquire land in anticipation of possible development of office, residential and/or mixed-use properties. As of December 31, 2015, nine of the real estate ventures owned 31 office buildings that contain an aggregate of approximately 4.3 million net rentable square feet; two real estate ventures owned 4.3 acres of undeveloped parcels of land; three real estate ventures owned 2.2 acres of land under active development; one real estate venture owned a residential tower that contains 345 apartment units and one real estate venture owned an apartment complex that contains 398 units.

The Company accounts for its unconsolidated interests in its Real Estate Ventures using the equity method. The Company’s unconsolidated interests range from 20% to 70%, subject to specified priority allocations of distributable cash in certain of the Real Estate Ventures.

The amounts reflected in the following tables (except for the Company’s share of equity and income) are based on the historical financial information of the individual Real Estate Ventures. The Company does not record operating losses of the Real Estate Ventures in excess of its investment balance unless the Company is liable for the obligations of the Real Estate Venture or is otherwise committed to provide financial support to the Real Estate Venture.

The Company’s investment in Real Estate Ventures as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the Company’s share of the Real Estate Ventures’ income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 was as follows (in thousands):

 

 

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The following is a summary of the financial position of the Real Estate Ventures as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (in thousands):

 

 

The following is a summary of results of operations of the Real Estate Ventures in which the Company had interests as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands):

 

 

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As of December 31, 2015, the aggregate principal payments of recourse and non-recourse debt payable to third-parties are as follows (in thousands):

 

 

Residence Inn Tower Bridge

On December 30, 2015, the Company sold its entire 50% ownership interest in an unconsolidated real estate venture known as Residence Inn Tower Bridge (the “Residence Inn”). The proceeds to the Company, net of closing costs and related debt payoff, were $6.1 million.  The carrying amount of the Company’s investment in the Residence Inn amounted to $0.9 million at the sale date, resulting in a $5.2 million gain on sale of its interest in the Real Estate Venture.

 

JBG Ventures

On May 29, 2015, the Company and an unaffiliated third party, JBG/DC Manager, LLC ("JBG"), formed 51 N 50 Patterson, Holdings, LLC Venture ("51 N Street") and 1250 First Street Office, LLC Venture ("1250 First Street"), as real estate ventures, with the Company owning a 70.0% interest and JBG owning a 30.0% interest in each of the two ventures. At formation, the Company and JBG made cash contributions of $15.2 million and $6.5 million, respectively, to 51 N Street, which was used to purchase 0.9 acres of undeveloped land. At formation, the Company and JBG made cash capital contributions of $13.2 million and $5.7 million, respectively, to 1250 First Street, which was used to purchase 0.5 acres of undeveloped land.

Based upon the facts and circumstances at formation of each of the two ventures with JBG, the Company determined that each venture is a VIE in accordance with the accounting standard for the consolidation of VIEs. As a result, the Company used the variable interest model under the accounting standard for consolidation in order to determine whether to consolidate the JBG Ventures. JBG is the managing member of the ventures, and pursuant to the operating and related agreements, major decisions require the approval of both members. Based upon each member's shared power over the activities of each of the two ventures, which most significantly impact the economics of the ventures, neither venture is consolidated by the Company. Each venture is accounted for under the equity method of accounting.

Broadmoor Austin Associates

On June 22, 2015, the Company became the sole owner of Broadmoor Austin Associates upon the Company's acquisition from an unaffiliated third party of the remaining 50.0% ownership interest in Broadmoor Austin Associates. Broadmoor Austin Associates owns seven office buildings in Austin, Texas. See Note 3, "Real Estate Investments," for further information.

25 M Street (Akridge)

On May 12, 2015, the Company contributed the parcel of land purchased on April 9, 2015 into a newly formed real estate venture known as 25 M Street, a joint venture between the Company and Akridge, an unaffiliated third party. See Note 3, "Real Estate Investments," for further information.

Based on the facts and circumstances at formation of 25 M Street, the Company determined that 25 M Street is a variable interest entity (VIE) in accordance with the accounting standard for consolidation of VIEs. Accordingly, the Company used the variable interest model under the accounting standard for consolidation in order to determine whether to consolidate 25 M Street. Under the operating and related agreements the Company has the power to control substantially all of the activities which most significantly impact the economics of 25 M Street, and accordingly, 25 M Street is consolidated within the Company’s financial statements. As of December 31, 2015, the carrying value of the assets of 25 M Street was $20.5 million.

DRA - PA Venture

On December 19, 2007, the Company formed G&I Interchange Office LLC, a real estate venture (the “Interchange Venture”), with an unaffiliated third party, G&I VI Investment Interchange Office LLC (“G&I VI”), an investment vehicle advised by DRA Advisors LLC. The Interchange Venture owned 29 office properties containing an aggregate of 1,611,961 net rentable square feet located in Montgomery, Lehigh and Bucks counties, Pennsylvania. The Company contributed these 29 properties to the Interchange Venture

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upon the Interchange Venture's formation and in exchange for the contribution received a cash distribution from the Venture and a 20.0% ownership interest in the Interchange Venture.

On February 27, 2015, the Interchange Venture entered into a forbearance agreement with an unaffiliated lender that held a nonrecourse mortgage on the Venture's assets. The loan matured on January 1, 2015. On August 12, 2015, the lender sold the properties to an unaffiliated third-party purchaser under the forbearance agreement and assumed the proceeds. Commensurate with the sale, the Interchange Venture was dissolved.

1919 Ventures

On January 20, 2011, the Company acquired a one acre parcel of land in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for $9.3 million. The Company thereafter contributed the acquired land into a then newly-formed general partnership, referred to below as “1919 Ventures” in return for a 50.0% general partner interest, with the remaining 50.0% interest owned by an unaffiliated third party, who contributed cash in exchange for its interest.  On October 15, 2014, the Company acquired the interest of the unaffiliated third party at fair value, which approximates carrying value. No remeasurement gain or loss on our previous investment was recorded at that time.

On October 21, 2014, the Company admitted an unaffiliated third party, LCOR/CalSTRS (“LCOR”) into 1919 Ventures, for $8.2 million, representing a 50% interest and, reflecting an agreed upon $16.4 million valuation of the land and improvements incurred by the Company on behalf of 1919 Ventures. After giving effect to settlement date contributions, distributions and credits, the Company and LCOR had each made, as of October 21, 2014, an additional $5.2 million capital contribution to 1919 Ventures for closing costs and development.  See Item 1., “Developments – 1919 Ventures” for an overview of the development project currently in process.

As of December 31, 2015, $19.4 million was outstanding on the construction loan and equity contributions of $29.6 million had been funded by each of the Company and LCOR.

Based upon the facts and circumstances at formation of 1919 Ventures, the Company determined that 1919 Ventures is a VIE in accordance with the accounting standard for the consolidation of VIEs since the equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional financial support. The initial equity contributed to this entity was not sufficient to fully finance the real estate construction as development costs are funded by the partners throughout the construction period. The Company determined that it was not the primary beneficiary of this VIE based on the fact that the Company has shared control of this entity along with the entity’s partner and therefore does not have controlling financial interests in this VIE.

Austin Venture

On October 16, 2013, the Company contributed a portfolio of seven office properties containing an aggregate of 1,398,826 rentable square feet located in Austin, Texas (the “Austin Properties”) to a newly-formed joint venture (the “Austin Venture”) with G&I VII Austin Office LLC (“DRA”). DRA and the Company, based on arm’s-length negotiation, agreed to an aggregate gross sales price of $330.0 million subject to an obligation on the Company’s part to fund the first $5.2 million of post-closing capital expenditures, of which $0.8 million was funded by the Company during 2013 and the remaining $4.4 million was funded by the Company during the twelve months ended December 31, 2014.

DRA owns a 50% interest in the Austin Venture and the Company owns a 50% interest in the Austin Venture, subject to the Company’s right to receive up to an additional 10% of distributions.

At the closing the Austin Venture incurred third party debt financing of approximately $230.6 million secured by mortgages on the Austin Properties and used proceeds of this financing together with $49.7 million of cash contributions by DRA (less $1.9 million of closing costs and $6.9 million of closing prorations and lender holdbacks) to fund a $271.5 million distribution to the Company.  The Company agreed to fund the first $5.2 million of post-closing capital expenditures on behalf of the Austin Venture, resulting in net proceeds of $266.3 million after funding the Company’s capital expenditure obligation.  As part of the transaction, the Company’s subsidiary management company executed an agreement with the Austin Venture to provide property management and leasing services to the Austin Venture in exchange for a market-based fee.

The Company measured its equity interest at fair value based on the fair value of the Austin Properties and the distribution provisions of the real estate venture agreement.  Since the Company retains a non-controlling interest in the Austin Properties and there are no other facts and circumstances that preclude the consummation of a sale, the contribution qualifies as a partial sale of real estate under the relevant guidance for sales of real estate.  Accordingly, during the fourth quarter of 2013, the Company recorded a gain of approximately $25.9 million, which is reflected in “Net gain (loss) on real estate venture transactions” on the accompanying statement of operations.

On April 3, 2014, the Company contributed two three-story, Class A office buildings, commonly known as “Four Points Centre,” containing an aggregate of 192,396 net rentable square feet in Austin, Texas to the Austin Venture.  See Note 3, “Real Estate Investments,” for further information on the contribution.

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On July 31, 2014, the Austin Venture acquired the Crossings at Lakeline, comprised of two three-story buildings containing an aggregate of 232,274 rentable square feet located in Austin, TX for $48.2 million.  The transaction was funded with $34.5 million of proceeds of a 3.87% fixed rate mortgage loan from a non-affiliated institutional lender and $12.8 million (net of $0.9 million in purchase adjustments) of cash capital contributions, with $6.4 million made by each of DRA and the Company.  The Austin Venture expensed approximately $0.1 million of transaction costs to acquire the property, net of $0.6 million credit from the seller.

On October 17, 2014, the Austin Venture acquired River Place, comprised of seven Class A office buildings containing 590,881 rentable square feet located in Austin, Texas for $128.1 million.  The transaction was funded through a combination of an $88.0 million short-term loan, secured by a mortgage, made by the Company to the Austin Venture and cash capital contributions of $18.9 million made by each of DRA and the Company to the Austin Venture.  The short-term financing was provided by the Company while the Austin Venture secured permanent financing. As of December 31, 2014. The Company accounted the short-term financing as a note receivable.  See Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” for the Company’s accounting treatment.  On January 30, 2015, the Austin Venture closed on a mortgage loan with a non-affiliated institutional lender, and used the proceeds of the loan to repay in full an $88.0 million short-term secured loan made by the Company to fund costs of the Austin Venture's acquisition of River Place. The Austin Venture expensed approximately $0.2 million of transaction costs to acquire the property.

On December 31, 2015, the Company contributed two newly constructed four-story, Class A office buildings, commonly known as “Encino Trace,” containing an aggregate of approximately 320,000 square feet in Austin, Texas to the Austin Venture. See Note 3, “Real Estate Investments,” for further information on the contribution.

Based upon the facts and circumstances at formation of the Austin Venture, the Company determined that the Austin Venture is not a VIE in accordance with the accounting standard for the consolidation of VIEs.  As a result, the Company used the voting interest model under the accounting standard for consolidation in order to determine whether to consolidate the Austin Venture.  Based upon each member’s substantive participating rights over the activities of the Austin Venture under the operating and related agreements of the Austin Venture, it is not consolidated by the Company, and is accounted for under the equity method of accounting.

The reconsideration event caused by the Company’s contribution of Encino Trace to the Austin Venture did not change the conclusion reached at formation, as the Austin Venture is operating under the same operating and related agreements and the economics are unchanged.

4040 Wilson Venture

On July 31, 2013, the Company formed 4040 Wilson LLC Venture (“4040 Wilson”), a joint venture between the Company and Ashton Park Associates LLC (“Ashton Park”), an unaffiliated third party.  Each of the Company and Ashton Park owns a 50% interest in 4040 Wilson. 4040 Wilson expects to construct a 426,900 square foot office representing the final phase of the eight building, mixed-use, Liberty Center complex developed by the parent company of Ashton Park in the Ballston submarket of Arlington, Virginia.  4040 Wilson expects to develop the office building on a 1.3-acre land parcel contributed by Ashton Park to 4040 Wilson at an agreed upon value of $36.0 million. The total estimated project costs are $194.6 million, which the Company expects will be financed through approximately $72.0 million of partner capital contributions (consisting of $36.0 million in cash from the Company, of which $35.6 million has been funded to date, and land with a value of $36.0 million from Ashton Park), with the remaining balance funded by debt financing through a construction lender that has not yet been determined. During the second quarter of 2015, 4040 Wilson completed the construction of the garage structure.  The Company expects groundbreaking on the building structure to commence upon achievement of certain pre-leasing levels, at which point 4040 Wilson expects to obtain debt financing for the remainder of the project costs.  As of December 31, 2015, the Company had not provided any guarantees in respect of 4040 Wilson.

Based upon the facts and circumstances at formation of 4040 Wilson, the Company determined that 4040 Wilson is a VIE in accordance with the accounting standard for the consolidation of VIEs.  As a result, the Company used the variable interest model under the accounting standard for consolidation in order to determine whether to consolidate 4040 Wilson.  Based upon each member’s shared power over the activities of 4040 Wilson under the operating and related agreements of 4040 Wilson, and the Company’s lack of control over the development and construction phases of the project, 4040 Wilson is not consolidated by the Company, and is accounted for under the equity method of accounting.

Two and Six Tower Bridge Exchange Transaction

On June 19, 2013, the Company acquired, from an unaffiliated third party, the third party’s ownership interest in the Six Tower Bridge real estate venture through a nonmonetary exchange for the Company’s ownership interest in the Two Tower Bridge real estate venture.  The Six Tower Bridge real estate venture owns an unencumbered office property in Conshohocken, PA.  The Company previously accounted for its noncontrolling interest in Six Tower Bridge using the equity method. As a result of the exchange transaction, the Company obtained control of the Six Tower Bridge property and the Company’s existing equity interest was remeasured at fair value based on the fair value of the underlying property and the distribution provisions of the real estate venture agreement. Accordingly, during 2013, the Company recorded a gain of approximately $7.8 million, which is reflected in “Net gain from remeasurement of investments in a real estate ventures” on the accompanying statement of operations. Following the acquisition,

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the Class A office property in Conshohocken, PA is wholly owned by the Company with an unencumbered fair value of $24.5 million. The Company accounted for this transaction as a business combination and allocated the fair value as follows: $14.8 million to building, $6.9 million to land, $3.3 million to intangible assets and $0.5 million to below market lease liabilities assumed.

As mentioned above, the Company exchanged its non-controlling interest in Two Tower Bridge real estate venture in a nonmonetary transaction with an unaffiliated third party for the third party’s interest in the Six Tower Bridge real estate venture. The investment in Two Tower Bridge had a fair value of $3.6 million on the date of the exchange transaction based on the fair value of the venture’s equity and the distribution provisions of the real estate venture agreement. Based on this fair value and the carrying value for the Company’s investment of $(0.1) million, during 2013 the Company recognized a gain on exchange of interests in real estate ventures of $3.7 million, which is reflected in “Net gain (loss) on real estate venture transactions” on the accompanying statement of operations.

evo at Cira Centre South Venture

On January 25, 2013, the Company formed HSRE-Campus Crest IX Real Estate Venture (“evo at Cira”), a joint venture among the Company and two unaffiliated third parties:  Campus Crest Properties, LLC (“Campus Crest”) and HSRE-Campus Crest IXA, LLC (“HSRE”). evo at Cira constructed a 33-story, 850-bed student housing tower located in the University City submarket of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Each of the Company and Campus Crest owns a 30% interest in evo at Cira and HSRE owns a 40% interest.  evo at Cira developed the project on a one-acre land parcel held under a long-term ground lease with a third party lessor. The Company contributed to evo at Cira its tenancy rights under a long-term ground lease, together with associated development rights, at an agreed-upon value of $8.5 million.

In connection with the development of evo at Cira, each of the Company and Campus Crest provided, in addition to customary non-recourse carve-out guarantees, a completion and cost overrun guaranty, as well as a payment guaranty, on the construction financing (with the Company’s share of the payment guaranty being approximately $24.7 million).

The Company’s historical cost basis in the development rights that it contributed to the evo at Cira was $4.0 million, thus creating a $4.5 million basis difference at December 31, 2013 between the Company’s initial outside investment basis and its $8.5 million initial equity basis.  As this basis difference is not related to a physical land parcel, but rather to development rights to construct evo at Cira, the Company will accrete the basis difference as a reduction of depreciation expense over the life of evo at Cira’s assets.

Based upon the facts and circumstances at evo at Cira formation, the Company determined that evo at Cira is a VIE in accordance with the accounting standard for the consolidation of VIEs.  As a result, the Company used the variable interest model under the accounting standard for consolidation in order to determine whether to consolidate the evo at Cira.  Based upon each member’s shared power over the activities of evo at Cira under the operating and related agreements of evo at Cira, and the Company’s lack of exclusive control over the development and construction phases of the project, evo at Cira is not consolidated by the Company, and is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Accordingly, the land parcel and associated development rights contributed by the Company to evo at Cira were deconsolidated by the Company upon formation of evo at Cira.

During the third quarter of 2014, evo at Cira placed into service the student housing tower.  

BDN Beacon Venture

On March 26, 2013, the Company sold its entire 20% ownership interest in an unconsolidated real estate venture known as BDN Beacon Venture LLC (the “Beacon Venture”).  The carrying amount of the Company’s investment in the Beacon Venture amounted to $17.0 million at the sale date, with the Company’s proceeds effectively matching the carrying amount.

Guarantees

As of December 31, 2015, the Company had provided guarantees on behalf of certain real estate ventures, consisting of (i) a $24.7 million payment guarantee on the construction loan for evo at Cira; (ii) a $3.2 million payment guarantee on the construction loan for TB-BDN Plymouth Apartments; (iii) a several cost overrun guaranty on the $88.9 million construction loan for the development project being undertaken by 1919 Ventures; and (iv) a $0.5 million payment guarantee on a loan provided to PJP VII. In addition, during construction undertaken by real estate ventures, the Company has provided and expects to continue to provide cost overrun and completion guarantees, with rights of contribution among partners in the real estate ventures, as well as customary environmental indemnities and guarantees of customary exceptions to nonrecourse provisions in loan agreements.

 

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5. DEFERRED COSTS

As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company’s deferred costs (assets) were comprised of the following (in thousands):

 

 

 

During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company capitalized internal direct leasing costs of $6.6 million, $7.1 million and $7.5 million, respectively, in accordance with the accounting standard for the capitalization of leasing costs.

 

 

6. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company’s intangible assets were comprised of the following (in thousands):

 

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For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, the Company wrote-off through the acceleration of amortization approximately $0.5 million, $0.8 million and $1.6 million, respectively, of intangible assets as a result of tenant move-outs prior to the end of the associated lease term. For the years ended December 31 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company accelerated amortization of a nominal amount of intangible liabilities as a result of tenant move-outs.

As of December 31, 2015, the Company’s annual amortization for its intangible assets/liabilities, assuming no early lease terminations, are as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

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7. DEBT OBLIGATIONS

The following table sets forth information regarding the Company’s consolidated debt obligations outstanding at December 31, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):

 

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During the fourth quarter of 2015, the Company adopted accounting guidance related to the presentation of deferred financing costs on the balance sheet and reclassified amounts from the deferred costs line to net against the liability for all periods presented.  Deferred financing costs associated with our credit facility remain in deferred costs on the consolidated balance sheet. See Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” for revisions to the accounting guidance for deferred financing costs.

During 2015, 2014, and 2013, the Company’s weighted-average effective interest rate on its mortgage notes payable was 5.72%, 5.72%, and 5.73%, respectively.  As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the net carrying value of the Company’s Properties that are encumbered by mortgage indebtedness was $562.7 million and $655.9 million, respectively.

The Parent Company unconditionally guarantees the unsecured debt obligations of the Operating Partnership (or is a co-borrower with the Operating Partnership) but does not by itself incur unsecured indebtedness.  The Parent Company has no material assets other than its investment in the Operating Partnership.

On September 16, 2014, the Company closed on an underwritten offering of its 2024 Notes and 2029 Notes (as defined above).  The 2024 Notes were priced at 99.388% of their face amount with a yield to maturity of 4.175%, representing a spread at the time of pricing of 1.70%. The 2029 Notes were priced at 99.191% of their face amount with a yield to maturity of 4.625%, representing a spread at the time of pricing of 2.15%.  The 2024 Notes and 2029 Notes have been reflected net of discounts of $1.3 million and $1.8 million, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2015 and $1.5 million and $2.0 million, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2014.

The Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the sale of the 2024 Notes and 2029 Notes, aggregating $492.9 million after the deduction for underwriting discounts and offering expenses, to fund its repurchase, through a tender offer, of a portion of the 5.40% Guaranteed Notes due November 1, 2014 (the “2014 Notes”) and 7.50% Guaranteed Notes due May 15, 2015 (the “2015 Notes”). Specifically, on September 16, 2014, the Company funded, under the tender offer, $75.1 million in respect of the 2014 Notes and $42.7 million in respect of the 2015 Notes.  The Company recognized a $2.6 million loss on early extinguishment of debt related to the total repurchase during the year ended December 31, 2014.

On September 16, 2014, the Company repaid the entire $150.0 million three-year term loan and $100.0 million four-year term loan prior to their scheduled February 2015 and 2016 maturities, respectively. In connection with these repayments, the Company accelerated $0.3 million of deferred financing amortization expense and also incurred a $0.8 million charge on the termination of associated interest rate swap contracts, as reflected in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. See Note 9, “Risk Management and Use of Financial Instruments,” for further information related to the termination of the interest rate swap contracts.

On September 16, 2014, the Company gave notice of redemption, in full, of the $143.5 million in principal amount of 2014 Notes that remained outstanding following completion of the tender offer.  The Company completed the redemption of the 2014 Notes on October 16, 2014 at a cash redemption price of $1,026.88 per $1,000 principal amount of the 2014 Notes (inclusive of accrued interest to the redemption date).  Also on September 16, 2014, the Company gave notice of redemption, in full, of the $114.9 million in principal amount of 2015 Notes that remained outstanding following completion of the tender offer.  The Company completed the redemption of the 2015 Notes on October 16, 2014 at a cash redemption price of $1,070.24 per $1,000 principal amount of the 2015 Notes (inclusive of accrued interest to the redemption date).  The Company recognized a $5.0 million loss on early extinguishment of debt related to total repurchase during the year ended December 31, 2014.

There were no repurchases of unsecured debt during the twelve months ended December 31, 2015. The following table provides additional information on the Company’s repurchase of $376.2 million in aggregate principal amount of its outstanding unsecured notes (consisting of the 2014 Notes and 2015 Notes, as indicated above) during the twelve months ended December 31, 2014 (in thousands):

 

 

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During the year-ended December 31, 2013, the Company repurchased $29.3 million of its outstanding unsecured Notes in a series of transactions that are summarized in the following table (in thousands):

 

 

On May 15, 2015, the Company closed on a new four-year unsecured revolving credit facility (the "New Credit Facility") that provides for borrowings of up to $600.0 million. The Company expects to use advances under the New Credit Facility for general business purposes, including to fund costs of acquisitions, developments and redevelopments of properties, fund share repurchases and to repay from time to time other debt. On terms and conditions specified in the credit agreement, the Company may enter into unsecured term loans and/or increase the initial amount of the credit facility by up to, in the aggregate for all such term loans and increases, an additional $400.0 million. The New Credit Facility includes a $65.0 million sub-limit for the issuance of letters of credit and a $60.0 million sub-limit for swing-loans. The New Credit Facility has a scheduled maturity date of May 15, 2019, and is subject to two six-month extensions on terms and conditions specified in the credit agreement.

At the Company's option, loans outstanding under the New Credit Facility will bear interest at a rate per annum equal to (1) LIBOR plus between 0.875% and 1.55% based on the Company's credit rating or (2) a base rate equal to the greatest of (a) the Administrative Agent's prime rate, (b) the Federal Funds rate plus 0.5% or (c) LIBOR for a one month period plus 1.00%, in each case, plus a margin ranging from 0.0% to 0.55% based on the Company's credit rating. The New Credit Facility also contains a competitive bid option that allows banks that are part of the lender consortium to bid to make loan advances to the Company at a reduced interest rate. In addition, the Company is also obligated to pay (1) in quarterly installments a facility fee on the total commitment at a rate per annum ranging from 0.125% to 0.30% based on the Company's credit rating and (2) an annual fee on the undrawn amount of each letter or credit equal to the LIBOR Margin. Based on the Company's current credit rating, the LIBOR margin is 1.20% and the facility fee is 0.25%. The Company had no borrowings under the New Credit Facility as of December 31, 2015.

The New Credit Facility contains financial and operating covenants and restrictions, including covenants that relate to our incurrence of additional debt; granting liens; consummation of mergers and consolidations; the disposition of assets and interests in subsidiaries; the making of loans and investments and the payment of dividends. The terms of the New Credit Facility require that the Company maintain customary financial and other covenants, including: (i) a fixed charge coverage ratio greater than or equal to 1.5 to 1.00; (ii) a minimum net worth; (iii) a leverage ratio less than or equal to 0.60 to 1.00, subject to specified exceptions; (iv) a ratio of unsecured indebtedness to unencumbered asset value less than or equal to 0.60 to 1.00, subject to specified exceptions; (v) a ratio of secured indebtedness to total asset value less than or equal to 0.40 to 1.00; and (vi) a ratio of unencumbered cash flow to interest expense on unsecured debt greater than 1.75 to 1.00. In addition, the New Credit Facility restricts payments of dividends and distributions on shares in excess of 95% of the Company's funds from operations (FFO) except to the extent necessary to enable the Company to continue to qualify as a REIT for Federal income tax purposes. At December 31, 2015, the Company was in compliance with all covenants in the New Credit Facility.

Concurrently with its entry into the New Credit Facility, the Company terminated its then existing unsecured revolving credit facility, which had a scheduled maturity date of February 1, 2016.

As amended, Term Loan C contains financial and operating covenants and restrictions, including covenants that relate to the incurrence of additional debt; the granting of liens; the consummation of mergers and consolidations; the disposition of assets and interests in subsidiaries; the making of loans and investments; negative pledges; transactions with affiliates and the payment of dividends. The restriction on dividends permits the Company to pay dividends to the greater of (i) an amount required for the Company to retain its qualification as a REIT and (ii) 95% of its funds from operations.  The term loan includes financial covenants that require the Company to maintain an interest coverage ratio, a fixed charge coverage ratio and an unencumbered cash flow ratio above specified levels; to maintain a minimum net worth above an amount determined on a specified formula; and to maintain a leverage ratio and a secured debt ratio below certain maximum levels. Another financial covenant limits the ratio of unsecured debt to the value of unencumbered properties

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As of December 31, 2015, the Company’s aggregate scheduled principal payments of debt obligations, excluding amortization of discounts and premiums, are as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

8. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company determined the fair values disclosed below using available market information and discounted cash flow analyses as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The discount rate used in calculating fair value is the sum of the current risk free rate and the risk premium on the date of measurement of the instruments or obligations. Considerable judgment is necessary to interpret market data and to develop the related estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that the Company could realize upon disposition. The use of different estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts shown. The Company believes that the carrying amounts reflected in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2015 and 2014 approximate the fair values for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses.

The following are financial instruments for which the Company’s estimates of fair value differ from the carrying amounts (in thousands):

 

 

The fair value of the Company’s unsecured notes payable is categorized at a Level 2 basis (as provided by the accounting standard for Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures). This is because the Company valued these instruments using quoted market prices as of December 31, 2015 and 2014.  For the fair value of the Company’s unsecured notes, the Company uses a discount rate based on the indicative new issue pricing provided by lenders.

The fair value of the Company’s mortgage notes payable, variable rate debt and notes receivable are all categorized at a Level 3 basis (as provided by the accounting standard for Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures).  The fair value of the variable rate debt was estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis valuation on the borrowing rates currently available to the Company for loans with similar terms and maturities, as applicable.  The fair value of the mortgage debt was determined by discounting the future contractual interest and principal payments by a blended market rate for loans with similar terms, maturities and loan-to-value.  The fair value of the notes receivable was determined by using the expected cash flows of the notes receivable, and discounting those cash flows using the market rate of interest for mortgage notes with a comparable level of risk.  These financial instruments have been categorized as Level 3 because the Company considers the rates used in the valuation techniques to be unobservable inputs.

For the Company’s mortgage loans, the Company uses an estimate based on its knowledge of the mortgage market.  The weighted average discount rate for the combined variable rate debt and mortgage loans used as to calculate fair value as of December 31, 2015 was 4.550%.  An increase in the discount rate used in the discounted cash flow model would result in a decrease to the fair value of

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the Company’s long-term debt.  Conversely, a decrease in the discount rate used in the discounted cash flow model would result in an increase to the fair value of the Company’s long-term debt.

Disclosure about the fair value of financial instruments is based upon pertinent information available to management as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014.  Although management is not aware of any factors that would significantly affect the fair value amounts, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued for purposes of these financial statements since December 31, 2015, and current estimates of fair value may differ from the amounts presented herein.

 

 

9. RISK MANAGEMENT AND USE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Risk Management

In the course of its ongoing business operations, the Company encounters economic risk. There are three main components of economic risk: interest rate risk, credit risk and market risk. The Company is subject to interest rate risk on its interest-bearing liabilities. Credit risk is primarily the risk of inability or unwillingness of tenants to make contractually required payments and of counterparties on derivatives contracts to fulfill their obligations. Market risk is the risk of declines in the value of Company properties due to changes in rental rates, interest rates, supply and demand of similar products and other market factors affecting the valuation of properties.

Risks and Uncertainties

In the U.S., market and economic conditions have been improving, resulting in an increase of the volume of real estate transactions in the market.  If the economy deteriorates, vacancy rates may increase through 2016 and possibly beyond.  The financial markets also have an effect on the Company’s Real Estate Venture partners and contractual counterparties, including counterparties in derivative contracts.

The Company’s Credit Facility, term loans and the indenture governing its unsecured public debt securities (See Note 7, “Debt Obligations”) contain restrictions, requirements and other limitations on the ability to incur indebtedness, including total debt to asset ratios, secured debt to total asset ratios, debt service coverage ratios and minimum ratios of unencumbered assets to unsecured debt which it must maintain. The ability to borrow under the unsecured revolving credit facility is subject to compliance with such financial and other covenants. In the event that the Company fails to satisfy these covenants, it would be in default under the unsecured revolving credit facility, the term loans and the indenture and may be required to repay such debt with capital from other sources. Under such circumstances, other sources of capital may not be available, or may be available only on unattractive terms.

Availability of borrowings under the unsecured revolving credit facility is subject to a traditional material adverse effect clause. Each time the Company borrows it must represent to the lenders that there have been no events of a nature which would have a material adverse effect on the business, assets, operations, condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company taken as a whole or which could negatively affect the ability of the Company to perform its obligations under the unsecured revolving credit facility. While the Company believes that there are currently no material adverse effect events, it is possible that such an event could arise which would limit the Company’s borrowings under the unsecured revolving credit facility. If an event occurs which is considered to have a material adverse effect, the lenders could consider the Company in default under the terms of the unsecured revolving credit facility and any borrowings under the unsecured revolving credit facility would become unavailable. If the Company is unable to obtain a waiver, this would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

The Company was in compliance with all financial covenants as of December 31, 2015. Management continuously monitors the Company’s compliance with and anticipated compliance with the covenants. Certain of the covenants restrict management’s ability to obtain alternative sources of capital. While the Company currently believes it will remain in compliance with its covenants, in the event that the economy deteriorates in the future, the Company may not be able to remain in compliance with such covenants, in which case a default would result absent a lender waiver.

Use of Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company’s use of derivative instruments is limited to the utilization of interest rate agreements or other instruments to manage interest rate risk exposures and not for speculative purposes. The principal objective of such arrangements is to minimize the risks and/or costs associated with the Company’s operating and financial structure, as well as to hedge specific transactions. The counterparties to these arrangements are major financial institutions with which the Company and its affiliates may also have other financial relationships. The Company is potentially exposed to credit loss in the event of non-performance by these counterparties. However, because of the high credit ratings of the counterparties, the Company does not anticipate that any of the counterparties will fail to meet these obligations as they come due. The Company does not hedge credit or property value market risks through derivative financial instruments.

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The Company formally assesses, both at inception of a hedge and on an on-going basis, whether each derivative is highly-effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the hedged item. If management determines that a derivative is not highly-effective as a hedge or if a derivative ceases to be a highly-effective hedge, the Company will discontinue hedge accounting prospectively. The related ineffectiveness would be charged to the consolidated statement of operations.

The valuation of these instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities. The fair values of interest rate swaps are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts (or payments) and the discounted expected variable cash payments (or receipts). The variable cash payments (or receipts) are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves.

To comply with the provisions of the accounting standard for fair value measurements and disclosures, the Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of its derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, the Company has considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts, and guarantees.

The following table summarizes the terms and fair values of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014. The notional amounts provide an indication of the extent of the Company’s involvement in these instruments at that time, but do not represent exposure to credit, interest rate or market risks (amounts presented in thousands and included in other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets).

 

 

The Company measures its derivative instruments at fair value and records them in the balance sheet as either an asset or liability. As of December 31, 2015, one interest rate swap held a position and is included in other assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.  The remaining swaps are included in other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

Although the Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by itself and its counterparties. The Company has assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and has determined that the credit valuation adjustments are not significant to the overall valuation of its derivatives. As a result, the Company has determined that its derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentrations of credit risk arise for the Company when multiple tenants of the Company are engaged in similar business activities, or are located in the same geographic region, or have similar economic features that impact in a similar manner their ability to meet contractual obligations, including those to the Company. The Company regularly monitors its tenant base to assess potential

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concentrations of credit risk. Management believes the current credit risk portfolio is reasonably well diversified and does not contain an unusual concentration of credit risk. No tenant accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s rents during 2015, 2014 and 2013. Conditions in the general economy and the global credit markets have had a significant adverse effect on numerous industries. The Company has tenants concentrated in various industries that may be experiencing adverse effects from the current economic conditions and the Company could be adversely affected if such tenants were to default under their leases.

 

 

10. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

The Company had no property dispositions classified as discontinued operations during the year ended December 31, 2015.  There was nominal income before gain on sales recognized during 2014 relating to properties classified into discontinued operations in prior periods and a $0.9 million gain relating to the post closing activity for the sale of the Princeton Pike Corporate Center completed in the first quarter of 2013.

For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, income from discontinued operations relates to an aggregate of 14 properties containing approximately 1.1 million net rentable square feet that the Company has sold since January 1, 2013.

The following table summarizes revenue and expense information for the properties sold which qualify for discontinued operations reporting since January 1, 2013 (in thousands):

 

 

Discontinued operations have not been segregated in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Therefore, amounts for certain captions will not agree with respective data in the consolidated statements of operations.

 

 

11. LIMITED PARTNERS’ NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS IN THE PARENT COMPANY

Non-controlling interests in the Parent Company’s financial statements relate to redeemable common limited partnership interests in the Operating Partnership held by parties other than the Parent Company and properties which are consolidated but not wholly owned.

Operating Partnership

The aggregate book value of the non-controlling interests associated with the redeemable common limited partnership interests that were consolidated in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of the Parent Company as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, was $16.1 million and $17.5 million, respectively.  Under the applicable accounting guidance, the redemption value of limited partnership units are carried at, on a limited partner basis, the greater of historical cost adjusted for the allocation of income and distributions or fair value.  The Parent Company believes that the aggregate settlement value of these interests (based on the number of units outstanding and the closing price of the common shares on the balance sheet date) was approximately $21.0 million and $24.5 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014.

 

 

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12. BENEFICIARIES’ EQUITY OF THE PARENT COMPANY

Earnings per Share (EPS)

The following tables detail the number of shares and net income used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except share and per share amounts; results may not add due to rounding):

 

 

The contingent securities/share based compensation impact is calculated using the treasury stock method and relates to employee awards settled in shares of the Parent Company. The effect of these securities is anti-dilutive for periods that the Parent Company incurs a net loss from continuing operations available to common shareholders and therefore is excluded from the dilutive earnings per share calculation in such periods.

Redeemable common limited partnership units, totaling 1,535,102 in both 2015 and 2014 and 1,763,739 in 2013, were excluded from the diluted earnings per share computations because they are not dilutive.

Unvested restricted shares are considered participating securities which require the use of the two-class method for the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, earnings representing nonforfeitable dividends were allocated to the unvested restricted shares issued to the Company’s executives and other employees under the 1997 Plan.

Common and Preferred Shares

On December 8, 2015, the Parent Company declared a distribution of $0.15 per common share, totaling $26.5 million, which was paid on January 20, 2016 to shareholders of record as of January 6, 2016.  On December 8, 2015, the Parent Company declared distributions on its Series E Preferred Shares to holders of record as of December 30, 2015. These shares are entitled to a preferential return of 6.90% per annum on the $25.00 per share liquidation preference. Distributions paid on January 15, 2016 to holders of Series E Preferred Shares totaled $1.7 million.

On August 1, 2014, the Parent Company completed an underwritten offering of 21,850,000 common shares. The Parent Company contributed the net proceeds from the sale of the common shares, amounting to $335.0 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses, to the Operating Partnership in exchange for partnership units of the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership intends to use the net proceeds for working capital, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes, which may include acquisitions, developments and the repayment, repurchase and refinancing of debt.

On November 5, 2013, the Parent Company commenced a continuous equity offering program (the “Offering Program”), under which it may sell, in at-the-market offerings, up to an aggregate amount of 16,000,000 common shares until November 5, 2016. This

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Offering Program replaced a prior continuous equity offering program which expired on March 10, 2013.  The Parent Company may sell common shares in amounts and at times to be determined by the Parent Company. Actual sales will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Parent Company, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the Company’s common shares of beneficial interest and determinations by the Parent Company of the appropriate sources of funding. In conjunction with the Offering Program, the Parent Company engages sales agents who receive compensation, in aggregate, of up to 2% of the gross sales price per share sold. From inception of the Offering Program through December 31, 2015, the Parent Company has not sold any shares under the program, resulting in 16,000,000 remaining shares available for sale.

On April 10, 2013, the Parent Company closed a public offering of 12,650,000 common shares, inclusive of 1,650,000 common shares issued upon exercise by the underwriters of the option granted to them to purchase additional shares. The Parent Company contributed the net proceeds from the sale of shares, amounting to $181.5 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses, to the Operating Partnership in exchange for partnership units of the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership continues to use the net proceeds for working capital, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes, which may include acquisitions, developments and the repayment, repurchase and refinancing of debt.

Common Share Repurchases

The Parent Company maintains a share repurchase program under which the Board of Trustees has authorized the Parent Company to repurchase shares of its preferred and common stock with no expiration date. On July 22, 2015, the Parent Company's Board of Trustees authorized additional share repurchases of up to $100.0 million. Prior to the authorization 539,200 common shares were available for repurchase under the preexisting share repurchase program. The Company expects to fund the share repurchases with a combination of available cash balances and availability under our line of credit. As of December 31, 2015, 5,209,437 common shares have been repurchased and retired at an average purchase price of $12.90 per share and totaling $67.3 million. The timing and amounts of any purchases will depend on a variety of factors, including market conditions, regulatory requirements, share prices, capital availability and other factors as determined by our management team. The repurchase program does not require the purchase of any minimum number of shares and may be suspended or discontinued at any time without notice.

The common stock repurchases were retired and, as a result, were accounted for in accordance with Maryland law, which does not contemplate treasury stock. The repurchases were recorded as a reduction of common stock (at $0.01 par value per share) and a decrease to additional paid-in-capital.

 

 

 

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13. PARTNERS’ EQUITY OF THE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP

Earnings per Common Partnership Unit

The following tables detail the number of units and net income used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per common partnership unit (in thousands, except unit and per unit amounts; results may not add due to rounding):

 

 

Unvested restricted units are considered participating securities which require the use of the two-class method for the computation of basic and diluted earnings per unit. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, earnings representing nonforfeitable dividends were allocated to the unvested restricted units issued to the Parent Company’s executives and other employees under the Parent Company’s shareholder-approved long-term incentive plan.

Common Partnership Units and Preferred Mirror Units

The Operating Partnership issues partnership units to the Parent Company in exchange for the contribution of the net proceeds of any equity security issuance by the Parent Company. The number and terms of such partnership units correspond to the number and terms of the related equity securities issued by the Parent Company. In addition, the Operating Partnership may also issue separate classes of partnership units. Historically, the Operating Partnership has had the following types of partnership units outstanding: (i) Preferred Partnership Units which have been issued to parties other than the Parent Company; (ii) Preferred Mirror Partnership Units which have been issued to the Parent Company; and (iii) Common Partnership Units which include both interests held by the Parent Company and those held by other limited partners.

Preferred Mirror Partnership Units

In exchange for the proceeds received in corresponding offerings by the Parent Company of preferred units of beneficial interest, the Operating Partnership has issued to the Parent Company a corresponding amount of Preferred Mirror Partnership Units with terms consistent with that of the preferred securities issued by the Parent Company.

Common Partnership Units (Redeemable and General)

The Operating Partnership has two classes of Common Partnership Units: (i) Class A Limited Partnership Interest which are held by both the Parent Company and outside third parties and (ii) General Partnership Interests which are held by the Parent Company (collectively, the Class A Limited Partnership Interest, and General Partnership Interests are referred to as “Common Partnership Units”). The holders of the Common Partnership Units are entitled to share in cash distributions from, and in profits and losses of, the Operating Partnership, in proportion to their respective percentage interests, subject to preferential distributions on the preferred mirror units and the preferred units.

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The Common Partnership Units held by the Parent Company (comprised of both General Partnership Units and Class A Limited Partnership Units) are presented as partner’s equity in the consolidated financial statements. Class A Limited Partnership Interest held by parties other than the Parent Company are redeemable at the option of the holder for a like number of common shares of the Parent Company, or cash, or a combination thereof, at the election of the Parent Company. Because the form of settlement of these redemption rights are not within the control of the Operating Partnership, these Common Partnership Units have been excluded from partner’s equity and are presented as redeemable limited partnership units measured at the potential cash redemption value as of the end of the periods presented based on the closing market price of the Parent Company’s common shares at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, which was $13.66, $15.98, $14.09, respectively. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, 1,535,102 of Class A Units were outstanding and owned by outside limited partners of the Operating Partnership.  As of December 31, 2013, 1,763,739 of Class A Units were outstanding and owned by outside limited partners of the Operating Partnership.

On December 8, 2015, the Operating Partnership declared a distribution of $0.15 per common unit, totaling $26.5 million, which was paid on January 20, 2016 to unitholders of record as of January 6, 2016.  On December 8, 2015, the Operating Partnership declared distributions on its Series E Preferred Units to holders of record as of December 30, 2015. These units are entitled to a preferential return of 6.90% per annum on the $25.00 per share liquidation preference. Distributions paid on January 15, 2016 to holders of Series E Preferred Shares totaled $1.7 million.

On November 5, 2013, the Parent Company commenced a continuous equity offering program (the “Offering Program”), under which it may sell, in at-the-market offerings, up to an aggregate amount of 16,000,000 common shares until November 5, 2016. This Offering Program replaced a prior continuous equity offering program which expired on March 10, 2013.  The Parent Company may sell common shares in amounts and at times to be determined by the Parent Company. Actual sales will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Parent Company, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the Company’s common shares of beneficial interest and determinations by the Parent Company of the appropriate sources of funding. In conjunction with the Offering Program, the Parent Company engages sales agents who receive compensation, in aggregate, of up to 2% of the gross sales price per share sold.  From inception of the Offering Program through December 31, 2015 the Parent Company has not sold any shares under the program, resulting in 16,000,000 remaining shares available for sale. Generally, the Parent Company contributes the net proceeds from the sales to the Operating Partnership, which the Operating Partnership in turn uses for general corporate purposes.

Common Unit Repurchases

The Parent Company maintains a share repurchase program under which the Board of Trustees has authorized the Parent Company to repurchase shares of its preferred and common stock with no expiration date. On July 22, 2015, the Parent Company's Board of Trustees authorized additional share repurchases of up to $100.0 million. Prior to the authorization 539,200 common shares were available for repurchase under the preexisting share repurchase program. The Company expects to fund the share repurchases with a combination of available cash balances and availability under our line of credit. As of December 31, 2015, 5,209,437 common shares have been repurchased and retired at an average purchase price of $12.90 per share and totaling $67.3 million. The timing and amounts of any purchases will depend on a variety of factors, including market conditions, regulatory requirements, share prices, capital availability and other factors as determined by our management team. The repurchase program does not require the purchase of any minimum number of shares and may be suspended or discontinued at any time without notice.

The common stock repurchases were retired and, as a result, were accounted for in accordance with Maryland law, which does not contemplate treasury stock. The repurchases were recorded as a reduction of common stock (at $0.01 par value per share) and a decrease to additional paid-in-capital.

 

 

14. SHARE BASED COMPENSATION, 401(k) PLAN AND DEFERRED COMPENSATION

Stock Options

At December 31, 2015, options exercisable for 2,624,067 common shares were outstanding under the Parent Company’s shareholder approved equity incentive plan (referred to as the “Equity Incentive Plan”).  During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company did not recognize any compensation expense related to unvested options.  During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company recognized compensation expense related to unvested options that was nominal.  For the year ended 2013, the Company recognized compensation expense related to unvested options of $0.7 million.  During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company did not capitalize any compensation expense related to stock options as part of the Company’s review of employee salaries eligible for capitalization.  For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company capitalized a nominal amount and $0.1 million, respectively.

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Option activity as of December 31, 2015 and changes during the year-ended December 31, 2015 were as follows:

 

 

401(k) Plan

The Company sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution plan for its employees. Each employee may contribute up to 100% of annual compensation, subject to specific limitations under the Internal Revenue Code. At its discretion, the Company can make matching contributions equal to a percentage of the employee’s elective contribution and profit sharing contributions. Employees automatically vest in employer contributions. Beginning in 2016, the Company will begin funding its 401(k) contributions annually and plan participants must be employed as of December 31^st in order to receive contributions, except for employees eligible for qualifying retirement, as defined under the Internal Revenue Code.  Retiring employees will receive contributions at the time of their retirement.  The Company contributions were $0.4 million in each of 2015, 2014 and 2013.

Restricted Share Awards

As of December 31, 2015, 506,147 restricted shares were outstanding under the Equity Incentive Plan and vest over three years from the initial grant dates. The remaining compensation expense to be recognized at December 31, 2015 was approximately $2.4 million, and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average remaining vesting period of 1.6 years. During 2015, the Company recognized compensation expense related to outstanding restricted shares of $2.4 million, of which $0.7 million was capitalized as part of the Company’s review of employee salaries eligible for capitalization. For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company recognized $2.7 million (of which $0.6 million was capitalized) and $3.2 million (of which $0.6 million was capitalized), respectively, of compensation expense included in general and administrative expense in the respective periods related to outstanding restricted shares.

The following table summarizes the Company’s restricted share activity during the year-ended December 31, 2015:

 

On February 23, 2015 and March 10, 2015, the Compensation Committee of the Parent Company’s Board of Trustees awarded restricted shares, of which 119,136 cliff vest after three years from the grant date and 33,649 vest ratably over two years. On May 28, 2015, the Compensation Committee of the Parent Company’s Board of Trustees awarded 34,006 restricted shares which vest ratably over three years. Restricted shares that cliff vest are subject to acceleration upon a change in control or if the recipient of the award were to die, become disabled or, in certain cases, retire in a qualifying retirement. Qualifying retirement generally means the recipient’s voluntary termination of employment after reaching at least age 57 and accumulating at least 15 years of service with the Company. In accordance with the accounting standard for stock-based compensation, the Company amortizes stock-based compensation costs through the qualifying retirement dates for those executives who meet the conditions for qualifying retirement during the scheduled vesting period.

Restricted Performance Share Units Plan

The Compensation Committee of the Parent Company’s Board of Trustees has granted performance share-based awards (referred to as Restricted Performance Share Units, or RPSUs) to officers of the Parent Company.   The RPSUs are settled in common shares, with the number of common shares issuable in settlement determined based on the Company’s total shareholder return over specified

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measurement periods compared to total shareholder returns of comparative groups over the measurement periods.  The table below presents certain information as to unvested RPSU awards.

 

 

The Company values each RPSU on its grant date using a Monte Carlo simulation. The fair values of each award are being amortized over the three year cliff vesting period. The vesting of RPSUs is subject to acceleration upon a change in control or if the recipient of the award were to die, become disabled or retire in a qualifying retirement prior to the vesting date. In accordance with the accounting standard for stock-based compensation, the Company amortizes stock-based compensation costs through the qualifying retirement date for those executives who meet the conditions for qualifying retirement during the schedule vesting period.

For the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company recognized total compensation expense for the 2015, 2014 and 2013 RPSU awards of $4.2 million, of which $1.2 million was capitalized consistent with the Company’s policies for capitalizing eligible portions of employee compensation.  For the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company recognized total compensation expense for the 2014, 2013 and 2012 RPSU awards of $3.2 million, of which $1.1 million was capitalized consistent with the Company’s policies for capitalizing eligible portions of employee compensation.  For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company recognized total compensation expense for the 2013, 2012 and 2011 RPSU awards of $4.4 million, of which $0.8 million was capitalized consistent with the Company’s policies for capitalizing eligible portions of employee compensation.

The remaining compensation expense to be recognized at December 31, 2015 was approximately $2.0 million, and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average remaining vesting period of 1.0 year.

The Company issued 486,056 common shares on February 1, 2015 in settlement of RPSUs that had been awarded on March 1, 2012 (with a three-year measurement period ended December 31, 2014). Holders of these RPSUs also received a cash dividend of $0.15 per share for these common shares on February 6, 2015.

Employee Share Purchase Plan

The Parent Company’s shareholders approved the 2007 Non-Qualified Employee Share Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), which is intended to provide eligible employees with a convenient means to purchase common shares of the Parent Company through payroll deductions and voluntary cash purchases at an amount equal to 85% of the average closing price per share for a specified period. Under the plan document, the maximum participant contribution for the 2015 plan year is limited to the lesser of 20% of compensation or $50,000. The ESPP allows the Parent Company to make open market purchases, which reflects all purchases made under the plan to date. In addition, the number of shares separately reserved for issuance under the ESPP is 1.25 million. During the year ended December 31, 2015, employees made purchases under the ESPP of $0.5 million and the Company recognized $0.1 million of compensation expense related to the ESPP. During the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, employees made purchases under the ESPP of $0.4 million and the Company recognized $0.1 million of compensation expense related to the ESPP. Compensation expense represents the 15% discount on the purchase price. The Board of Trustees of the Parent Company may terminate the ESPP at its sole discretion at any time.

Deferred Compensation

In January 2005, the Parent Company adopted a Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Plan”) that allows trustees and certain key employees to voluntarily defer compensation. Compensation expense is recorded for the deferred compensation and a related liability is recognized. Participants may elect designated benchmark investment options for the notional investment of their deferred compensation. The deferred compensation obligation is adjusted for deemed income or loss related to the investments selected. At the time the participants defer compensation, the Company records a liability, which is included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The liability is adjusted for changes in the market value of the participant-selected investments at the end of each accounting period, and the impact of adjusting the liability is recorded as an increase or decrease to compensation cost.

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The Company has purchased mutual funds which can be utilized as a funding source for the Company’s obligations under the Plan. Participants in the Plan have no interest in any assets set aside by the Company to meet its obligations under the Plan. For each of the years ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company recorded a nominal amount of deferred compensation costs, net of investments in the company-owned policies and mutual funds.  For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company recorded a net increase in compensation costs of $0.2 million, net of investments in the company-owned policies and mutual funds.

Participants in the Plan may elect to have all or a portion of their deferred compensation invested in the Company’s common shares. The Company holds these shares in a rabbi trust, which is subject to the claims of the Company’s creditors in the event of the Company’s bankruptcy or insolvency. The Plan does not permit diversification of a participant’s deferral allocated to the Company common shares and deferrals allocated to Company common shares can only be settled with a fixed number of shares. In accordance with the accounting standard for deferred compensation arrangements where amounts earned are held in a rabbi trust and invested, the deferred compensation obligation associated with the Company’s common shares is classified as a component of shareholder’s equity and the related shares are treated as shares to be issued and are included in total shares outstanding. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, 0.7 million and 0.4 million of such shares, respectively, were included in total shares outstanding. Subsequent changes in the fair value of the common shares are not reflected in operations or shareholders’ equity of the Company.

 

 

15. DISTRIBUTIONS

 

The following table provides the tax characteristics of the 2015, 2014 and 2013 distributions:

 

 

 

16. TAX CREDIT TRANSACTIONS

Historic Tax Credit Transaction

On November 17, 2008, the Company closed a transaction with US Bancorp (“USB”) related to the historic rehabilitation of the IRS Philadelphia Campus, a 862,692 square foot office building that is 100% leased to the IRS. On August 27, 2010, the Company completed the development of the IRS Philadelphia Campus and the IRS lease commenced.  In connection with this completed development project, USB contributed to the Company $64.1 million of total project costs.

In exchange for its contributions to the development of the IRS Philadelphia Campus, USB is entitled to substantially all of the benefits derived from the tax rehabilitation credits available under section 47 of the Internal Revenue Code. USB does not have a material interest in the underlying economics of the property. This transaction includes a put/call provision whereby the Company may be obligated or entitled to repurchase USB’s interest in the IRS Philadelphia Campus. The put option was exercised on September 30, 2015 and USB's interest in the IRS Philadelphia Campus was assigned to the Company. A purchase price of $3.2 million was attributed to that puttable non-controlling interest obligation, which was funded with available corporate funds. Upon exercise of the put option, the Company funded USB's final 2% preferred return of $1.0 million.

Based on the contractual arrangements that obligate the Company to deliver tax benefits and provide other guarantees to USB and that entitle the Company through fee arrangements to receive substantially all available cash flow from the IRS Philadelphia Campus, the Company concluded that the IRS Philadelphia Campus should be consolidated. The Company also concluded that capital contributions received from USB, in substance, are consideration that the Company receives in exchange for its obligation to deliver tax credits and other tax benefits to USB. These receipts other than the amounts allocated to the put obligation will be recognized as revenue in the consolidated financial statements beginning when the obligation to USB is relieved which occurs upon delivery of the expected tax benefits net of any associated costs. The tax credit is subject to 20% recapture per year beginning one year after the completion of the IRS Philadelphia Campus. Beginning September 2011 to September 2015, the Company recognized the cash

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received as revenue net of allocated expenses over the five year credit recapture period as defined in the Internal Revenue Code within other income (expense) in its consolidated statement of operations. The fifth and final recapture period ended September 30, 2015 and the Company recognized $11.9 million of cash received as revenue, net of $0.5 million of allocated expenses within other income (expense) it its consolidated statement of operations. As of December 31, 2015, there were no USB contributions presented in the Company’s balance sheet.  As of December 31, 2014 there were $15.1 million total USB contributions presented in the Company's balance sheet. The contributions were recorded net of the amounts allocated to non-controlling interest for 2014, as described above of $3.0 million at year end December 31, 2014, with the remaining balance presented within deferred income.

Direct and incremental costs incurred in structuring the transaction are deferred and will be recognized as expense in the consolidated financial statements upon the recognition of the related revenue as discussed above. There were no deferred costs at December 31, 2015.   At December 31, 2014, there were $0.5 million of deferred costs recognized and included in other assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. Amounts included in interest expense related to the accretion of the non-controlling interest liability and the 2% return expected to be paid to USB on its non-controlling interest aggregates to $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 and $1.4 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013.

New Markets Tax Credit Transaction

On December 30, 2008, the Company entered into a transaction with USB related to the Cira South Garage in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and expects to receive a net benefit of $8.0 million under a qualified New Markets Tax Credit Program (“NMTC”). The NMTC was provided for in the Community Renewal Tax Relief Act of 2000 (the “Act”) and is intended to induce investment capital in under-served and impoverished areas of the United States. The Act permits taxpayers (whether companies or individuals) to claim credits against their Federal income taxes for up to 39% of qualified investments in qualified, active low-income businesses or ventures.

USB contributed $13.3 million into the development of the Cira South Garage and as such it is entitled to substantially all of the benefits derived from the tax credit, but it does not have a material interest in the underlying economics of the Cira South Garage. This transaction also includes a put/call provision whereby the Company may be obligated or entitled to repurchase USB’s interest. The Company believes the put will be exercised and an amount attributed to that obligation is included in other liabilities and is being accreted to the expected fixed put price. The said put price is insignificant.

Based on the contractual arrangements that obligate the Company to deliver tax benefits and provide various other guarantees to USB, the Company concluded that the investment entities established to facilitate the NMTC transaction should be consolidated. There were no USB contributions presented in the Company's balance sheet at December 31, 2015. At December 31, 2014, the total USB contributions presented in the Company’s balance sheet were $13.0 million. The contributions were recorded net of direct and incremental costs incurred in structuring the transaction are deferred and will be recognized as expense in the consolidated financial statements upon the recognition of the related revenue as discussed above. There were no deferred costs included within other assets on the balance sheet as of December 31, 2015.  The deferred cost included within other assets on the balance sheet was $5.3 million as of December 31, 2014.

The USB contribution other than the amount allocated to the put obligation was recognized as income in the consolidated financial statements when the tax benefits were delivered on December 30, 2015 without risk of recapture to the tax credit investors and the Company’s obligation is relieved. The NMTC is subject to 100% recapture for a period of seven years from the date that construction of the Cira South Garage commenced as provided in the Internal Revenue Code.  The Company recognized the $8.1 million of net cash received as revenue within tax credit transaction income in the year ended December 31, 2015. The Company expects that the put/call provision will be exercised in 2017.

 

 

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17. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

The following table details the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) of the Parent Company and the Operating Partnership as of and for the three years ended December 31, 2015 (in thousands):

 

 

 

Over time, the unrealized gains and losses held in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“AOCI”) will be reclassified to interest expense when the related hedged items are recognized in earnings. The current balance1 held in AOCI is expected to be reclassified to interest expense for realized losses on forecasted debt transactions over the related term of the debt obligation, as applicable. The Company expects to reclassify $1.1 million from AOCI into interest expense within the next twelve months.

 

 

18. SEGMENT INFORMATION

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company managed its portfolio within seven segments: (1) Pennsylvania Suburbs, (2) Philadelphia Central Business District (CBD), (3) Metropolitan Washington, D.C., (4) New Jersey/Delaware, (5) Richmond, Virginia, (6) Austin, Texas and (7) California. The Pennsylvania segment includes properties in Chester, Delaware, and Montgomery counties in the Philadelphia suburbs. The Philadelphia CBD segment includes properties located in the City of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania. The Metropolitan Washington, D.C. segment includes properties in the District of Columbia, Northern Virginia and southern Maryland. The New Jersey/Delaware segment includes properties in Burlington and Camden counties in New Jersey and in

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New Castle county in the state of Delaware. The Richmond, Virginia segment includes properties primarily in Albemarle, Chesterfield, Goochland and Henrico counties and one property in Durham, North Carolina. The Austin, Texas segment includes properties in the City of Austin, Texas.  The California segment includes properties in Oakland and Concord, California.  The corporate group is responsible for cash and investment management, development of certain real estate properties during the construction period, and certain other general support functions. Land held for development and construction in progress are transferred to operating properties by region upon completion of the associated construction or project.

The following tables provide selected asset information and results of operations of the Company’s reportable segments for the three years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands):

 

 

 

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Net operating income (“NOI”) is defined as total revenue less property operating expenses, real estate taxes and third party management expenses. Segment NOI includes revenue, real estate taxes and property operating expenses directly related to operation and management of the properties owned and managed within the respective geographical region. Segment NOI excludes property level depreciation and amortization, revenue and expenses directly associated with third party real estate management and development services, expenses associated with corporate administrative support services, and inter-company eliminations. NOI also does not reflect general and administrative expenses, interest expenses, real estate impairment losses, depreciation and amortization costs, capital expenditures and capitalized leasing costs.  Trends in development and construction activities that could materially impact the Company’s results from operations are also not reflected in NOI. All companies may not calculate NOI in the same manner. NOI is the measure that is used by the Company to evaluate the operating performance of its real estate assets by segment. The Company also believes that NOI provides useful information to investors regarding its financial condition and results of operations because it reflects only those income and expenses recorded at the property level.  The Company believes that net income, as defined by GAAP, is an appropriate earnings measure. The following is a reconciliation of consolidated NOI to consolidated net income, as defined by GAAP:

 

 

 

19. OPERATING LEASES

The Company leases properties to tenants under operating leases with various expiration dates extending to 2030. Minimum future rentals on non-cancelable leases at December 31, 2015 are as follows (in thousands):

 

 

Total minimum future rentals presented above do not include amounts to be received as tenant reimbursements for operating costs.

 

 

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20. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Proceedings

The Company is involved from time to time in litigation on various matters, including disputes with tenants and disputes arising out of agreements to purchase or sell properties. Given the nature of the Company’s business activities, these lawsuits are considered routine to the conduct of its business. The result of any particular lawsuit cannot be predicted, because of the very nature of litigation, the litigation process and its adversarial nature, and the jury system. The Company will establish reserves for specific legal proceedings when we determine that the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is probable and when the amount of loss is reasonably estimable.  The Company does not expect that the liabilities, if any, that may ultimately result from such legal actions will have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows of the Company.

Letters-of-Credit

Under certain mortgages, the Company has funded required leasing and capital reserve accounts for the benefit of the mortgage lenders with letters-of-credit.  There is an associated $10.0 million letter of credit for a mortgage lender at December 31, 2015.  There were no mortgage lenders with letters of credit at December 31, 2014. Certain of the tenant rents at properties that secure these mortgage loans are deposited into the loan servicer’s depository accounts, which are used to fund debt service, operating expenses, capital expenditures and the escrow and reserve accounts, as necessary. Any excess cash is included in cash and cash equivalents.

Environmental

As an owner of real estate, the Company is subject to various environmental laws of federal, state, and local governments. The Company’s compliance with existing laws has not had a material adverse effect on its financial condition and results of operations, and the Company does not believe it will have a material adverse effect in the future. However, the Company cannot predict the impact of unforeseen environmental contingencies or new or changed laws or regulations on its current Properties or on properties that the Company may acquire.

Ground Rent

Future minimum rental payments under the terms of all non-cancellable ground leases under which the Company is the lessee are expensed on a straight-line basis regardless of when payments are due. The Company’s ground leases have remaining lease terms ranging from 5 to 73 years. Minimum future rental payments on non-cancelable leases at December 31, 2015 are as follows (in thousands):

 

 

The Company obtained ground tenancy rights related to two properties in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, which provide for contingent rent participation by the lessor in certain capital transactions and net operating cash flows of the properties after certain returns are achieved by the Company. Such amounts, if any, will be reflected as contingent rent when incurred. The leases also provide for payment by the Company of certain operating costs relating to the land, primarily real estate taxes. The above schedule of future minimum rental payments does not include any contingent rent amounts or any reimbursed expenses.

Other Commitments or Contingencies

As part of the Company’s September 2004 acquisition of a portfolio of properties from The Rubenstein Company (which the Company refers to as the “TRC acquisition”), the Company acquired its interest in Two Logan Square, a 708,844 square foot office building in Philadelphia, primarily through its ownership of a second and third mortgage secured by this property. This property is consolidated, as the borrower is a variable interest entity and the Company, through its ownership of the second and third mortgages, is the primary beneficiary. The Company currently does not expect to take title to Two Logan Square until, at the earliest, September 2019. If the Company takes fee title to Two Logan Square upon a foreclosure of its mortgage, the Company has agreed to pay an unaffiliated third party that holds a residual interest in the fee owner of this property an amount equal to $2.9 million. On the TRC acquisition date, the Company recorded a liability of $0.7 million and this amount will accrete up to $2.9 million through September 2019. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had a balance of $2.0 million for this liability in its consolidated balance sheet.

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As part of the Company’s 2006 merger with Prentiss Properties Trust (“Prentiss”), the 2004 TRC acquisition and several of our other transactions, the Company agreed not to sell certain of the properties it acquired in transactions that would trigger taxable income to the former owners. In the case of the TRC acquisition, the Company agreed not to sell acquired properties in non-exempt transactions for periods up to 15 years from the date of the TRC acquisition as follows at December 31, 2015: One Logan Square, Two Logan Square and Radnor Corporate Center (January, 2020). In the Prentiss acquisition, the Company assumed the obligation of Prentiss not to sell Concord Airport Plaza before March, 2018. The Company’s agreements generally provide that it may dispose of the subject properties only in transactions that qualify as tax-free exchanges under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code or in other tax deferred transactions. If the Company were to sell a restricted property before expiration of the restricted period in a non-exempt transaction, the Company may be required to make significant payments to the parties who sold the applicable property on account of tax liabilities attributed to them. Similarly, as part of the 2013 acquisition of substantially all of the equity interests in the partnerships that own One and Two Commerce Square, the Company agreed, for the benefit of affiliates of the holder of the 1% residual ownership interest in these properties, to not sell these two properties in certain taxable transactions prior to October 20, 2021 without the holder’s consent.

As part of the Company’s acquisition of properties from time to time in tax-deferred transactions, the Company has agreed to provide certain of the prior owners of the acquired properties with the right to guarantee the Company’s indebtedness. If the Company were to seek to repay the indebtedness guaranteed by the prior owner before the expiration of the applicable agreement, the Company would be required to provide the prior owner an opportunity to guaranty qualifying replacement debt. These debt maintenance agreements may limit the Company’s ability to refinance indebtedness on terms favorable to the Company. As part of our 2013 acquisition of substantially all of the equity interests in the partnerships that own One and Two Commerce Square, the Company agreed, for the benefit of affiliates of the holder of the 1% residual ownership interest in these properties, to maintain qualifying mortgage debt through October 20, 2021, in the amounts of not less than $125.0 million on One Commerce Square and $100.0 million on Two Commerce Square.  Similarly, the Company has agreements in place with other contributors of assets that obligate it to maintain debt available for them to guaranty.

In connection with the development of the IRS Philadelphia Campus and the Cira South Garage, during 2008, the Company entered into a historic tax credit and new markets tax credit arrangement, respectively. The Company is required to be in compliance with various laws, regulations and contractual provisions that apply to its historic and new market tax credit arrangements. Non-compliance with applicable requirements could result in projected tax benefits not being realized and therefore, require a refund to US Bancorp or a reduction of investor capital contributions, which are reported as deferred income in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, until such time as its obligation to deliver tax benefits is relieved. The remaining compliance periods for its tax credit arrangements expired on December 30, 2015. The Company does not anticipate that any material refunds or reductions of investor capital contributions will be required in connection with these arrangements.

On December 3, 2015, the Company entered into an agreement as development manager to construct Subaru of America’s (“Subaru”) corporate headquarters in Camden, New Jersey. The agreement provides the Company with the ability to earn additional profit if total project costs are less than the not-to-exceed (“NTE”) amount.  The NTE amount, currently at $77.3 million, may be adjusted by change orders agreed upon by both Subaru and the Company.  If construction costs are in excess of the NTE amount, the Company is obligated to pay such cost overruns. The terms of the guarantee do not provide a limitation on the costs the Company may be responsible for.

The Company invests in its properties and regularly incurs capital expenditures in the ordinary course to maintain the properties. The Company believes that such expenditures enhance its competitiveness. The Company also enters into construction, utility and service contracts in the ordinary course of business which may extend beyond one year. These contracts typically provide for cancellation with insignificant or no cancellation penalties.

 

 

21. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

30^th Street Main Post Office Sale

On February 5, 2016, the Company completed the disposition of its equity interests in the office property located at 2970 Market Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania commonly known as 30^th Street Main Post Office (“Cira Square”), for a gross sales price of $354.0 million.  Cira Square, which contains 862,692 net rentable square feet of office space and is fully leased to a single tenant, was encumbered by mortgage indebtedness at December 31, 2015 (referred to in Note 7, “Debt Obligations,” as IRS Philadelphia Campus – Mortgage Debt). After the payment of $3.7 million of closings costs at settlement, the Company received net proceeds of $350.3 million and recognized a gain on sale of $113.4 million.

On January 14, 2016, the Company funded $221.4 million, consisting of $176.8 million of principal repayment, $44.5 million in prepayment charges and $0.1 million of accrued interest, in repayment of the mortgage indebtedness of Cira Square, ahead of its scheduled maturity date of September 10, 2030. Also on January 14, 2016, the Company funded $44.5 million, consisting of $35.4 million of principal repayment, $8.9 million in prepayment charges and a nominal amount of accrued interest, in repayment of the mortgage indebtedness of the Cira South Garage, ahead of its scheduled maturity date of September 10, 2030.  The repayment was

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financed with funds available under the unsecured revolving credit facility. Additionally, the Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt in the amount of $13.2 million related to a non-cash charge for deferred financing costs. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the Cira Square sale, net of the early mortgage payoffs, to reduce debt, fund current development commitments and for general corporate purposes.

The transaction agreements provide for the purchaser to engage the Company’s management company subsidiary to provide customary property management services for the property with an annual management fee (exclusive of expense reimbursement) not to exceed 1.5% of annual gross revenues of the property. The Company’s agreement is for a ten-year term, subject to early termination by the purchaser in the event that the Company fails to fulfill its obligations at any time during the term of the agreement or upon sale by the purchaser of the property. If the purchaser terminates the agreement within seven years of the management agreement commencement date the Company shall be entitled to a termination fee in an amount equal to the management fee that would have been paid to the Company for the remainder of the seven-year term had such termination not occurred.

Och Ziff Sale

On February 4, 2016, the Company received $353.4 million in cash proceeds from a series of related transactions with affiliates of Och Ziff Capital Management Group LLC (“Och Ziff”) that resulted in the disposition of 58 properties that contain an aggregate of 3,924,783 square feet.  The properties are located in the Pennsylvania Suburbs, New Jersey/Delaware, Metropolitan Washington, D.C. and Richmond, Virginia segments. The transactions involved: (i) the sale to MAP Fee Owner LLC, an affiliate of Och-Ziff (the “O-Z Land Purchaser”), 100% of the Company’s fee interests in the land parcels (the “Land Parcels”) underlying the office properties, together with rights to be the lessor under long-term ground leases (the “Ground Leases”) covering the Land Parcels; (ii) the Company’s formation of a joint venture (the “Venture”) with MAP Ground Lease Owner LLC, an affiliate of Och-Ziff (the “O-Z Venture Partner”), and the Company’s sale to the Venture of the office buildings and related improvements (the “Buildings”) situated on the Land Parcels; and (iii) the retention of a non-controlling equity interest in the Venture. 

The transaction agreements provide for the Venture to engage a subsidiary of the Company to provide customary property management services in an amount equal to 2.5% of gross rental receipts. The initial term is through December 31, 2016 and is renewed automatically each year unless terminated.  The Company may be terminated without cause, subject to a ninety day notification.

The Company intends to use the net cash proceeds that it received in the transaction for general corporate purposes, including to reduce its outstanding debt and fund current development commitments.

Based upon the facts and circumstances at formation of the Venture, the Company determined that the Venture is a VIE in accordance with the accounting standard for the consolidation of VIEs.  As a result, the Company used the variable interest model under the accounting standard for consolidation in order to determine whether to consolidate the Venture.  Based upon each member’s power to control the activities that most significantly impact the economics of the Venture under the operating and related agreements of the Venture, it is accounted for under the equity method of accounting.

Reportable Segments

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company was managing its portfolio within seven segments: (1) Pennsylvania Suburbs, (2) Philadelphia Central Business District (“CBD”), (3) Metropolitan Washington, D.C., (4) New Jersey/Delaware, (5) Richmond, Virginia, (6) Austin, Texas and (7) California. As a result of the Och Ziff Sale that occurred on February 4, 2016, the Company has narrowed its segments to four core markets located in: (1) Pennsylvania Suburbs, (2) Philadelphia Central Business District (“CBD”), (3) Metropolitan Washington, D.C. and (4) Austin, Texas. The Och Ziff Sale disposed of the entire Richmond, Virginia segment. Subsequent to the Och Ziff Sale, the segments previously defined as New Jersey/Delaware and California will be managed as a consolidated segment entitled “Other,” as these geographies no longer provide a significant revenue contribution. Accordingly, the chief operating decision maker is revising the management structure and allocating more resources to the four core markets beginning January 1, 2016.

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date the financial statements were issued.

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22. SUMMARY OF QUARTERLY RESULTS (UNAUDITED)

The following is a summary of quarterly financial information as of and for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands, except per share data):

 

 

The summation of quarterly earnings per share amounts do not necessarily equal the full year amounts due to rounding.

 

 

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Brandywine Realty Trust and Brandywine Operating Partnership, L.P.

Schedule II

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

(in thousands)

 

 

 

 

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BRANDYWINE REALTY TRUST AND BRANDYWINE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P.

Schedule III

Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation — December 31, 2015

(in thousands)

 

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The following table reconciles the real estate investments from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015 (in thousands):

 

 

 

The aggregate cost for federal income tax purposes is $3.9 billion as of December 31, 2015.

The following table reconciles the accumulated depreciation on real estate investments from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015 (in thousands):

 

 

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