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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549

FORM 20-F
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002
Commission file number: 1-15256

BRASIL TELECOM S.A.
(F/K/A TELECOMUNICAÇÕES DO PARANÁ S.A. - TELEPAR)
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Brazil Telecom Company
 (Translation of Registrant’s Name into English) 		The Federative Republic of Brazil
(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

SIA/Sul, ASP, Lote D, Bloco B -
71215-000 - Setor de Indústria, Brasília, DF, Brazil
(Adress of Principal Executive Offices)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class  Name of each exchange on which registered 
Preferred Shares, without par value represented by
American Depositary Shares* 		New York Stock Exchange

* American Depositary Shares issuable upon deposit of Preferred Shares were registered under a separate registration statement on Form F-6

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer's classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by this Annual Report:

At December 31, 2002 there were outstanding:

243,564,130,068 Common Shares, without par value
295,569,090,398 Preferred Shares, without par value

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes                   No       

Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow:

Item 17            Item 18  

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION 1 
PART I 2 
  Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors 2 
  Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable 2 
  Item 3. Key Information 2 
    Selected Financial Data 2 
    Risk Factors 7 
    Forward-Looking Information 19 
  Item 4. Information on the Company 21 
    History and Development of the Company 21 
    Business Overview 34 
    Organizational Structure 55 
    Property, Plant and Equipment 56 
  Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects 57 
    Operating Results 57 
    Liquidity and Capital Resources 76 
    Research and Development 83 
    Trend Information 83 
  Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees 84 
    Board of Directors and Senior Management 84 
    Compensation 88 
    Employees 89 
    Share Ownership 90 
  Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions 91 
    Major Shareholders 91 
    Related Party Transactions 94 
  Item 8. Financial Information 95 
    Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information 95 
  Item 9. The Offer and Listing 103 
    Offer and Listing Details 103 
    Markets 106 
  Item 10. Additional Information 108 
    Memorandum and Articles of Association 108 
    Material Contracts 109 
    Exchange Controls 111 
    Taxation 113 
    Independent Auditors 119 
    Documents on Display 119 
  Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 120 
    Exchange Rate Risk 120 
    Interest Rate Risk 120 
  Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities 121 
PART II 122 
  Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies 122 
  Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds 122 
  Item 15. Controls and Procedures 122 
  Item 16. Reserved 122 
PART III 123 
  Item 17. Financial Statements 123 
  Item 18. Financial Statements 123 
  Item 19. Exhibits 123 
INDEX OF DEFINED TERMS 124 
TECHNICAL GLOSSARY 125 
SIGNATURES 129 
CERTIFICATIONS 130 
INDEX TO EXHIBITS 133 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS F-1 

PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION

       In this Annual Report, Brasil Telecom S.A. (previously Telecomunicações do Paraná S.A. – Telepar), a corporation organized under the laws of the Federative Republic of Brazil, its parent company, Brasil Telecom Participações S.A., and its subsidiaries are referred to collectively as “Brasil Telecom,” “our company,” “we” or the “Registrant.” References to our company’s businesses and operations are references to the businesses and operations of our company on a combined consolidated basis for the year 2000 and on a consolidated basis for the years 2001 and 2002, as if our merger with each of Telesc, Telegoiás, Telebrasília, Telemat, Telems, Teleron, Teleacre and CTMR (each as defined below) had occurred as of January 1, 1996 and as if the merger of Companhia Riograndese de Telecomunicações – CRT (“CRT”) with and into our company had occurred as of July 31, 2000. See Item 4 “Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company—Historical Background.”

       References to (i) the “real” “reais” or “R$” are to Brazilian reais (plural) and the Brazilian real (singular) and (ii) “U.S. dollars,” “dollars” or “U.S.$” are to United States dollars. All amounts in Brazilian currencies that existed prior to the adoption of the real as the Brazilian currency on July 1, 1994 have been restated in reais. At May 30, 2003, the Commercial Market selling rate (as defined in Item 3 “Key Information—Selected financial data—Exchange rates”) was R$2.9656 to U.S.$1.00. The exchange rate information in this Annual Report should not be construed as a representation that any such amounts have been, would have been or could be converted at this or any other exchange rate.

       Our audited financial statements as of December 31, 2000 and for the year then ended contained in this Annual Report are presented in constant reais of December 31, 2000. Pursuant to Brazilian GAAP (as defined below), our audited financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2001 and December 31, 2002 contained in this Annual Report, no longer recognize the effects of inflation and are not restated in constant reais. These audited financial statements, together with the audited financial statements as of December 31, 2000 and for the year then ended, are referred to herein as the “Financial Statements.”

       Our audited financial information is presented on a combined consolidated basis for the year 2000 and on a consolidated basis for the years 2001 and 2002, as if our merger with Telesc, Telegoiás, Telebrasília, Telemat, Telems, Teleron, Teleacre and CTMR had occurred as of January 1, 1996 and as if the merger of CRT with and into our company had occurred as of July 31, 2000. See Item 3—Key Information—Selected Financial Data.”

       The audit report for 2000 and 2001 of our Financial Statements included in this Annual Report was issued by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu. The audit report for 2002 of our Financial Statements included in this Annual Report was issued by KPMG Auditores Independentes.

       The “Index of Defined Terms” that begins on page 125 lists the page where each defined term is defined within this document. Technical terms are defined in the Technical Glossary on page 126.

       Certain figures included in this Annual Report have been subject to rounding adjustments. Accordingly, figures shown as totals in certain tables may not be an arithmetic aggregation of the figures that precede them.

PART I

ITEM 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors

       We are filing an Annual Report under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Accordingly, this item does not apply to us.

ITEM 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

       We are filing an Annual Report under the Exchange Act. Accordingly, this item does not apply to us.

ITEM 3. Key Information

Selected Financial Data

Background

       The selected financial information presented herein should be read in conjunction with our Financial Statements and notes, which appear elsewhere in this Annual Report. Our selected financial information is presented on a combined consolidated basis for the year 2000 and on a consolidated basis for the years 2001 and 2002, as if our merger with Telesc, Telegoiás, Telebrasília, Telemat, Telems, Teleron, Teleacre and CTMR had occurred as of January 1, 1996 and the merger of CRT with and into our company had occurred on July 31, 2000.

       The following paragraphs discuss some important features of the presentation of the selected financial information and our Financial Statements. These features should be considered when evaluating the selected financial information.

Brazilian GAAP and U.S. GAAP

       Our Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in Brazil (“Brazilian GAAP”), which differ in certain significant respects from generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). See Note 30 to our Financial Statements for (i) a summary of the principal differences between Brazilian GAAP and U.S. GAAP as they relate to us, and (ii) a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of shareholders’ equity as of December 31, 2001 and 2002 and net income (loss) for each of the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002.

Effects of Inflation

       Our financial statements for the year 2000, and unless otherwise specified, all financial information included in this Annual Report for the year 2000, recognize certain effects of inflation and are restated in constant reais of December 31, 2000, all in accordance with Brazilian GAAP. We used the General Market Price Index, Índice Geral de Preços de Mercado (“IGP-M”), published by Fundação Getú;lio Vargas for purposes of preparing our Financial Statements. Inflationary gains or losses on monetary assets and liabilities were allocated to their corresponding income or expense caption in our combined statements of income. However, pursuant to Brazilian GAAP, our audited financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2002, do not recognize the effects of inflation and are not restated in constant reais.

Change in Accounting Methodology

Depreciation

       During our fiscal year 1999, we shortened our depreciation schedule for our automatic switching and transmission equipment from thirteen years and ten years, respectively, to five years in order to better reflect the estimated useful life of this equipment in light of rapidly changing technology and industry practices. See Item 4 “Information on the Company—Property, Plant and Equipment” and Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Operating Results—Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002—Cost of Services—Depreciation and Amortization.”

Accounting Consequences of the Breakup of Telebrás

       Our financial statements for the fiscal years prior to 2000 are not necessarily indicative of what our financial condition or results of operations would have been if we had merged with Telesc, Telegoiás, Telebrasília, Telemat, Telems, Teleron, Teleacre and CTMR before February 2000.

Difference from Financial Statements Published in Brazil

       Our statutory financial statements prepared in accordance with the Brazilian Corporation Law (the “Statutory Financial Statements”) are the basis for dividend and tax determinations. Our audited financial statements for the year 2000 include the effects of inflation through December 31, 2000, while our Statutory Financial Statements include the effects of inflation only through December 31, 1995. In addition, pursuant to Brazilian GAAP, our audited financial statements as of December 31, 2001 and 2002 and for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2002, do not recognize the effects of inflation and are not restated in constant reais. As a result, differences between financial statements prepared in accordance with Brazilian GAAP and Statutory Financial Statements as of December 31, 2000, will continue to be reflected in the Brazilian GAAP financial statements until they become moot through the depreciation or amortization of the permanent assets to which they relate. Our Statutory Financial Statements also differ from our Financial Statements in respect of certain reclassifications and presentation of comparative information.

Selected Financial Information

  Year ended December 31,
Income Statement Data: 1998(1)
1999(1)
2000(1)
2001(2)
2002(2)
  (thousands of reais, except per share data)
Brazilian GAAP:
Net operating revenue 3,440,099  3,591,723  4,652,184  6,158,408  7,071,368 
Cost of services 1,930,168 
 2,698,465 
 3,774,109 
 4,798,434 
 5,163,861 
Gross profit 1,509,931  893,258  878,075  1,359,974  1,907,507 
Operating expenses 828,347 
 864,009 
 834,400 
 1,386,229 
 1,305,939 
Operating income (loss) before net financial
expense 681,584  29,249  43,675  (26,255) 601,568 
Net financial expense 23,520 
 4,919 
 5,577 
 236,357 
 618,899 
Operating income (loss) 658,064  24,330  38,098  (262,612) (17,331)
Net non-operating expenses (income) 91,682  57,510  (3,970) 93,071  64,497 
Employee's profit share 24,878 
 18,869 
 18,516 
 50,834 
 41,387 
Income (loss) before taxes and minority
interests 541,503  (52,049) 23,552  (406,517) (123,215)
Income and social contribution taxes (credits) 160,042 
 (7,744)
 (16,218)
 (199,039)
 (111,596)
Income (loss) before minority interests 381,461  (44,305) 39,770  (207,478) (11,619)
Minority interests -  -  77,605  -  - 
Net income (loss) 381,461 
 (44,305)
 117,375 
 (207,478)
 (11,619)
Number of Common Shares (millions)(3) -  -  237,165  237,165  243,564 
Number of Preferred Shares (millions)(3) -  -  292,260  293,218  292,020 
Operating Income (loss) per thousand Common
Shares (reais)(3) -  -  0.16  (1.10) (0.07)
Net income (loss) per thousand Common Shares
(reais) (3) -  -  0.49  (0.87) (0.05)
Dividends per thousand Common Shares
(reais)(3) -  -  0.33  0.37  0.51 
Dividends per thousand Common Shares
(U.S. dollars)(3)(4) -  -  0.17  0.16  0.14 
Dividends per thousand Preferred Shares
(reais)(3) -  -  0.33  0.37  0.51 
Dividends per thousand Preferred Shares
(U.S. dollars)(3)(4) -  -  0.17  0.16  0.14 
U.S. GAAP:
Net income (loss) 366,962  (458,003) 7,096  (169,716) 317,280 
Net income (loss) per thousand shares (reais)(5):
Common Shares-Basic 0.85  (1.02) 0.01  (0.32) 0.59 
Common Shares-Diluted 0.77  (0.91) 0.01  (0.32) 0.59 
Preferred Shares-Basic 0.85  (1.02) 0.01  (0.32) 0.59 
Preferred Shares-Diluted 0.77 
 (0.91)
 0.01 
 (0.32)
 0.59 
___________________________

(1)     Presented in constant reais of December 31, 2000.
(2)     Pursuant to Brazilian GAAP, our audited financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 no longer recognize the effects of inflation and are not restated in constant reais.
(3)     Since our present capital structure was not in place for the years ended December 31, 1998 and 1999, earnings and dividends per share were not presented for those periods. See Note 3r to our Financial Statements.
(4)     Dividends per thousand shares for 2000 and 2001 changed from those published in our Annual Report for 2001 because last year they were calculated based on gross dividends, but instead should have been calculated based on net dividends. Dividends per thousand shares were converted into dollars at the Commercial Market selling rate of R$1.955 per U.S. dollar on December 31, 2000, of R$2.32 per U.S. dollar on December 31, 2001, and of R$3.5333 per U.S. dollar on December 31, 2002, respectively.
(5)     In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 128 “Earnings Per Share,” basic and diluted earnings per share have been calculated, for U.S. GAAP purposes, using the “two class method.” See Note 30e to our Financial Statements.

  At December 31,
  1998(1)
1999(1)
2000(1)
2001(2)
2002(2)
  (thousands of reais, except per share data)
Balance Sheet Data:          
Brazilian GAAP:
Intangibles(3) -  -  472,680  372,537  276,404 
Property, plant and equipment, net(4) 9,201,757 
 8,522,126 
 11,498,689 
 12,240,270 
 11,454,765 
Total assets 10,861,518 
 10,823,447 
 14,992,076 
 15,772,551 
 16,432,198 
Loans and financing - current
portion 384,005  801,410  1,253,861  530,661  683,276 
Loans and financing - non-current
portion 416,252 
 208,647 
 1,959,207 
 3,504,489 
 4,398,532 
Total liabilities (including funds for
capitalization) 2,790,305 
 3,080,942 
 6,243,687 
 7,796,249 
 8,808,408 
Shareholders' equity 8,071,214 
 7,742,505 
 8,748,389 
 7,976,302 
 7,623,790 
U.S. GAAP:
Intangibles(5) 911,151  740,869  1,178,789  873,559  636,188 
Property, plant and equipment, net. 7,581,875 
 7,033,417 
 11,292,820 
 12,139,658 
 11,864,966 
Total assets 9,591,277 
 9,948,904 
 15,807,758 
 16,546,508 
 17,202,182 
Loans and financing - current portion 362,673  799,245  1,120,475  525,137  480,666 
Loans and financing - non-
current portion 416,338 
 208,647 
 1,959,281 
 3,504,489 
 4,252,221 
Total liabilities (including funds for
capitalization) 2,736,546 
 3,474,959 
 7,590,763 
 8,711,767 
 9,390,158 
Shareholders' equity 6,854,731 
 6,473,945 
 8,216,995 
 7,834,741 
 7,812,024 
______________________

(1)     Presented in constant reais of December 31, 2000.
(2)     Pursuant to Brazilian GAAP, our audited financial statements at December 31, 2001 and 2002 do not recognize the effects of inflation and are not restated in constant reais.
(3)     Includes the goodwill from our acquisition of a controlling stake in CRT, which was calculated based on book value.
(4)     Stated at indexed cost up to December 31, 2000, less accumulated depreciation. See Note 3g to our Financial Statements.
(5)     Intangibles under U.S. GAAP at December 31, 1998 and 1999, include the step-up goodwill paid by Solpart as a consequence of the exchange of shares between companies under our common control pursuant to our merger with Telesc, Telegoiás, Telebrasília, Telemat, Telems, Teleron, Teleacre and CTMR. Intangibles under U.S. GAAP at December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002 also include the goodwill from our merger with Telesc, Telegoiás, Telebrasília, Telemat, Telems, Teleron, Teleacre and CTMR and our merger with CRT. See Note 30o to our Financial Statements.



Exchange Rates

       There are two principal foreign exchange markets in Brazil: the commercial rate exchange market (the “Commercial Market”) and the floating rate exchange market (the “Floating Market”). Most foreign trade and financial foreign currency exchange transactions are carried out on the Commercial Market. Purchases of foreign exchange in the Commercial Market may be carried out only through a financial institution authorized to buy and sell currency in that market. The Floating Market rate generally applies to transactions to which the Commercial Market rate does not apply. Prior to February 1, 1999, the exchange rate in each market was established independently, resulting in different rates during some periods. Since February 1, 1999, banks operating in the Commercial Market have been allowed to unify their positions in the two different markets. These markets are now differentiated solely for regulatory purposes and offer similar pricing and liquidity, despite the potential for distinct treatment for regulatory purposes in the future.

       Under the Real Plan (“Plano Real”), on July 1, 1994, the real was introduced as the official unit of Brazilian currency, with each real having an exchange rate of R$l.00 to U.S.$1.00. The issuance of reais was initially subject to quantitative limits backed by a corresponding amount of U.S. dollars in reserves, but the government subsequently expanded those quantitative limits and allowed the real to float, with parity between the real/U.S. dollar (R$l.00 to U.S.$1.00) as a ceiling.

       From its introduction in 1994 through March 1995, the real appreciated against the U.S. dollar. On March 6, 1995, in an effort to address concerns about the overvaluation of the real relative to the U.S. dollar, the Brazilian Central Bank introduced new exchange rate policies that established a band within which the real/U.S. dollar exchange rate could fluctuate. The Brazilian Central Bank initially set the exchange rate band with a floor of R$0.86 per U.S.$1.00 and a ceiling of R$0.90 per U.S.$1.00 and provided that, after March 10, 1995, the exchange rate band would be between R$0.88 and R$0.93 per U.S.$1.00. Thereafter, the Brazilian Central Bank periodically adjusted the exchange rate band to permit the gradual devaluation of the real against the U.S. dollar. On January 13, 1999, the Brazilian Central Bank widened the exchange rate fluctuation band in which the real was allowed to trade from between R$l.12 and R$l.22 per U.S.$1.00 to a new band of between R$1.20 and R$1.32 per U.S.$1.00. This resulted in an immediate devaluation of the real to R$1.32 per U.S.$1.00.

       Since January 15, 1999 the real has been allowed to float freely. Until 2002, the real has depreciated against the U.S. dollar as a result of a slowdown in the global economy and the financial instability in the region. During the first four months of 2003, the real has appreciated approximately 18.2% as a result of the policies of the new administration. We cannot assure you that the real will not substantially devalue again in the future. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Brazil.”

       As of May 30, 2003, the Commercial Market selling rate published by the Brazilian Central Bank was R$2.9656 per U.S.$1.00.

Commercial Market Selling Rate for U.S. Dollars

       The following table sets forth the reported high and low Commercial Market selling rates for U.S. dollars for the months indicated.

  High 
Low 
December 2002 R$3.7980 R$3.4278
January 2003 3.6623 3.2758
February 2003 3.6580 3.4930
March 2003 3.5637 3.3531
April 2003 3.3359 2.8898
May 2003 3.0277 2.8653
___________________________

Source: Brazilian Central Bank



       The following table sets forth the reported high and low, average and period-end Commercial Market selling rates for U.S. dollars for the annual periods indicated. The average Commercial Market selling rates represent the average of the month-end commercial market selling rates (R$/U.S.$) during the relevant period.

For the Year Ended December 31,
High
Low
Average
Period
1998 R$1.209 R$1.117 R$1.161 R$1.209
1999 2.165 1.208 1.816 1.789
2000 1.985 1.723 1.835 1.955
2001 2.801 1.936 2.352 2.320
2002 3.955 2.271 2.915 3.533
_________________________

Source: Brazilian Central Bank




       Brazilian law provides that, whenever there is a serious imbalance in Brazil’s balance of payments or reliable information to foresee such an imbalance, temporary restrictions may be imposed on remittances of foreign capital abroad. We cannot assure you that these types of measures will not be taken by the Brazilian government in the future. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Brazil.”

Risk Factors

       The following are risk factors that relate materially to our company and to an investment in our Preferred Shares or ADRs. Our business, results of operations or financial condition could be harmed if any of these risks materialize and, as a result, the trading price of our Preferred Shares or ADRs could decline.

       The information included in this Annual Report concerning Brazil and the ownership of Techold Participações S.A. (“Techold”), Timepart Participações Ltda. (“Timepart”) and Telecom Italia International N.V. (“TII”), the current name of STET International Netherlands N.V., through Solpart Participações S.A. (“Solpart”), has been included herein to the extent publicly available. We have assumed such information to be correct and have not independently verified such information.

Risks Relating to Our Company

       Regulatory developments could affect our services, including the rates we charge for our services, which could impact our business.

       We operate under concessions that authorize us to provide local fixed-line and certain regional long-distance telecommunications in our region, and require us to comply with certain obligations related to tariffs, quality of service, network expansion and modernization, and interconnection of our network. See Item 4 “Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Concessions and Licenses.” Our business, including the services that we provide and the rates that we charge, is subject to comprehensive regulation under Brazilian law. See Item 4 “Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Rate Regulation.” Under Brazilian law, public regime companies, like us, need to have the rates that they charge approved by the Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações (“Anatel”). For example, in December 2002, Anatel submitted new proposals regarding the concession agreements under which we operate. The proposals are currently under discussion and are scheduled to be effective from January 1, 2006 until 2025 upon Anatel’s approval. These proposals could affect the way in which we provide our services and may impact our business. Private regime companies, like Global Village Telecom Ltda. (“Global Village Telecom”) or Intelig Telecomunicações Ltda. (“Intelig”), do not require Anatel approval and may unilaterally determine the prices that they charge for their services. As a result, adverse changes in Brazilian telecommunications regulations and even delays in the approval of rate changes by Anatel, could adversely impact our operations and competitive position.

We may need additional third party financing which may not be available in the future or on terms acceptable to us.

       We may require additional third party financing in 2003, other than our existing credit facility with BNDES, to finance potential strategic acquisitions and to commence new operations. See Item 10 “Additional Information—Material Contracts—BNDES Loan AgreementsI.”

       During 2002, our net debt decreased approximately 1.2%, from approximately R$3.70 billion at December 31, 2001 to approximately R$3.66 billion at December 31, 2002. See Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Indebtedness.”

       We cannot assure you that should we require additional third party financing in the future, any such financing will be available on terms acceptable to us.

We may not be timely certified by Anatel regarding the accomplishment of certain targets relating to the universalization, expansion and modernization of our network.

       On February 28, 2003, we met the targets relating to the universalization, expansion and modernization of our network, in advance of the December 31, 2003 deadline. See Item 4—Information on the Company—Business Overview—Targets Imposed by Anatel—Universalization – Network Expansion” and Item 4 “Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company—Obligations of Telecommunications Companies and Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Network Expansion – General Plan on Universal Service.”

       The independent auditing company PricewaterhouseCoopers attested in its report, dated March 28, 2003, that no differences were found between our declaration regarding the accomplishment of our targets and the targets appraised and reviewed in their report. Anatel is currently in the process of verifying whether all the targets imposed have been met accordingly. This process, which began in February 2003, is expected to be concluded in six months.

       Although we expect that the certification will be provided within the expected time frame, we cannot assure you whether Anatel will question the accomplishment of any of the imposed universalization, expansion and modernization targets, or whether any consumer will present complaints regarding our services to Anatel and, thus, delay the certification process, which may delay the implementation of certain new services we planned to roll out until December 31, 2003.

We depend on sophisticated information and processing systems to operate our company, the failure of which could affect our financial condition and results of operations.

       Sophisticated information and processing systems are vital to our growth and our ability to monitor costs, bill customers, detect fraud, provide customer service, achieve operating efficiencies and meet our service targets. Our billing and information systems are currently being upgraded and modernized by both in-house technicians and outside service providers. However, the failure of these technicians and service providers to successfully integrate and upgrade our systems as necessary or the failure of any of those systems to operate properly, could have a material adverse effect on our ability to monitor costs, bill customers, detect fraud, provide customer service and achieve operating efficiencies. This could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our existing principal beneficial shareholders are expected to continue to control a large percentage of our voting shares and their interests may conflict with your interests as a minority shareholder.

       We are controlled, through Brasil Telecom Participações S.A., by Solpart, which is controlled by Techold and Timepart.

       In August 2002, TII, which was one of our indirect controlling shareholders, reduced its participation in the voting capital of Solpart by transferring 18.29% of the common shares to Techold and Timepart. Changes have been made to the Solpart Shareholders’ Agreement, and some of TII’s political centers have been suspended until the earlier of (i) January 1, 2004, (ii) the publication date of the certification by Anatel that our 2003 universalization targets have been met or (iii) if, at any time after Anatel’s approval of the August 27, 2002 amendment to the shareholders’ agreement, (a) Portale Rio Norte S.A. (“TIM”) is prevented from providing services to PCS due to TII’s participation in Solpart or (b) the transfer of TII’s shares to Timepart and Techold are considered invalid or ineffective. As part of the amendment, Timepart and Techold granted a call option to TII for the acquisition of the transferred 18.29% of Solpart’s common shares and TII granted a put option to Timepart and Techold for the sale of the mentioned shares. However, these options may not be exercised if their exercise would result in the non-compliance with the terms of certain licenses and other requirements, which may lead to certain actions by our shareholders that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. A description of our ownership structure can be found in the shareholder chart in Item 7 “Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major shareholders.”

       As of April 30, 2003, Solpart owned approximately 53.59% of the common stock of our parent company, Brasil Telecom Participações, which, in turn, owned approximately 96.81% of our Common Shares. As a result, at April 30, 2003, Techold, TII and Timepart, if considered together, to the best of our knowledge and based upon publicly available information, owned approximately 96.81% of our Common Shares. See Item 7 “Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major Shareholders.” Thus, Techold, TII and Timepart, subject to the conditions of the amendment to the Solpart Shareholders’ Agreement, could result in certain actions that could adversely affect your interests as a minority shareholder.

Disputes among our controlling shareholders could have a material adverse effect on our management and operations.

       Under the Solpart Shareholders’ Agreement, dated July 19, 1998, amended as of August 27, 2002, among Techold, TII, Timepart, Solpart and others, Solpart has agreed to vote its shares in Brasil Telecom Participações to cause the nomination and election, by Techold and TII of our Board of Directors (Conselho de Administração) and of our Senior Management (Diretoria). In addition, under the shareholders’ agreement, the parties thereto have agreed, among other things, that the:

require the prior approval of the absolute majority of the voting capital of Solpart. However, according to the August 27, 2002 amendment to the shareholders’ agreement, these provisions have been suspended until the earlier of: (i) January 1, 2004; (ii) the publication date of the certification by Anatel that our 2003 universalization targets have been met; or (iii) if, at any time after Anatel’s approval of the August 27, 2002 amendment to the shareholders’ agreement, (a) TIM is prevented from providing services to PCS due to TII’s participation in Solpart; or (b) the transfer of TII’s shares to Timepart and Techold are considered invalid or ineffective.

       Consequently, subject to the conditions of the amendment to the Solpart Shareholders’ Agreement, disputes among our controlling shareholders could, among other things, adversely affect the ability of our board of directors and executive officers to:

       This could affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We may be liable for pre-existing labor liabilities of the companies that we merged with, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operation.

       Under Brazilian labor law, a change of control, corporate structure or ownership does not affect the applicability of pre-existing employment contracts of an entity. Brazilian labor courts take the position that any entity that acquires the control of a manufacturing or commercial establishment becomes liable for the labor liabilities of its target even when such liabilities originated prior to the date of the acquisition. As of February 28, 2003, contingent liabilities for labor proceedings in which the risk of loss was considered “probable” amounted to approximately R$321 million and contingent liabilities for which the risk was considered “possible” amounted to approximately R$466 million. As of February 28, 2003, we were involved in approximately 14,054 labor proceedings, which includes pre-existing labor liabilities of the companies we merged with. The estimated total amount involved in these proceedings is approximately R$979 million. Contingencies classified as having a probable risk of loss are recorded under liabilities. See Item 8 “Financial Information Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—Legal Proceedings—Labor Proceedings.” Although we believe that there are no other material pre-existing labor liabilities, there can be no assurances that additional material labor proceedings for actions undertaken by the companies we merged with, prior to our merger with them will not be brought in the future, or if they are, that an adverse judgment regarding the same would not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

It may be difficult to effect service of process upon, or to enforce foreign judgements upon, us, our directors and our officers.

       We are organized under the laws of Brazil, and all of our directors and officers reside outside the United States. In addition, a substantial portion of our assets, and most or all of the assets of our directors and officers are located in Brazil. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States or other jurisdictions outside of Brazil upon our company or such persons, or to enforce against them judgments of courts in the United States, predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities or other laws of the United States.

Risks Relating to the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry

We face increasing competition in the Brazilian telecommunications industry. This may have a material adverse effect on our market share, margins, results of operations and financial condition.

       The telecommunications industry in Brazil is becoming increasingly competitive. We compete primarily on the basis of features, pricing and customer service. We currently face competition from Global Village Telecom in providing local fixed-line telecommunication services in our region, and from Global Village Telecom, Intelig and Embratel Participações S.A. – Embratel (“Embratel”) in providing intraregional long-distance telecommunications services in our region.

       The Brazilian government has granted the following companies public regime concessions in certain cities in our region in which we do not currently operate:

       Also, to date, Telecomunicações de São Paulo S.A. (“Telesp”), Tele Norte Leste S.A. (“Telemar”), Embratel and Intelig have been granted permission by Anatel to provide local telecommunications services in our region. Telesp, Albra Telecomunicações Ltda, TIM and Global Village Telecom have been granted permission by Anatel to provide intraregional, interregional and international telecommunications services in our region. TNL PCS S.A. has been granted permission by Anatel to provide intraregional and interregional telecommunications services in our region.

       Because we currently do not offer interregional or international long-distance telecommunications services or any other telecommunication services outside of our region, although we expect to provide such services in the future, we may have to compete in our region against competitors from outside of our region offering a more extensive array of fixed-line, cellular, local and/or long-distance telecommunications services throughout Brazil.

       This increased competition may adversely affect our market share and our margins. Until now, we have been able to maintain our market share in our region, which we estimate to be approximately 96.5% for local fixed-line telecommunication services, approximately 86.5% for intrastate and approximately 73.0% for interstate fixed-line telecommunication services. However, the cost of maintaining our market share has increased and our margins have decreased due to higher interconnection costs as well as the effect of competition on pricing. See Item 4 “Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company—Historical Background” and Item 4 “Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company—History of Our Company.” For example, during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002, interconnection costs increased approximately 21.1%, from approximately 14.9% of gross revenues, in 2001, to approximately 15.5% of gross revenues, in 2002. See Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Operating Results—Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002.”

       Our ability to compete successfully will depend on the success of our marketing, our financial and other resources (including our access to capital) and on our ability to anticipate and respond to competitive factors affecting the industry, including the introduction of new services, changes in consumer preferences, demographic trends, economic conditions and discount pricing strategies by competitors. Currently, we compete with our competitors primarily on the basis of features, pricing and customer service. However, we cannot predict exactly which factors in the future will be important in maintaining our competitive position or what expenditures will be required to develop and provide the necessary technologies, products and services to remain competitive in the future.

       As a result, the expected increase in competition in our region may have a material adverse effect on our market share, margins, results of operations and financial condition.

If the Brazilian government grants more concessions in our region, the value of our concessions could be impaired.

       The telecommunications industry is regulated by the Brazilian government. Our public regime fixed-line concessions are not exclusive and the Brazilian government could grant additional public-regime fixed-line concessions, as well as private regime authorizations, covering the same geographic regions in which we operate.

       To date, the Brazilian government has granted public regime concessions to Sercomtel and to CTBC to provide fixed-line telecommunications services within our region in certain cities located in the states of Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul, and Goiás, respectively, in which we do not operate. Recently, Anatel granted permission to CTBC to provide interregional and international telecommunications services in each of the above cities located in our region. Also, to date, Telesp, Telemar, Embratel and Intelig have been granted permission by Anatel to provide local telecommunications services in our region. Telesp, Albra Telecomunicações Ltda, TIM and Global Village Telecom have been granted permission by Anatel to provide intraregional, interregional and international telecommunications services in our region. TNL PCS S.A. has been granted permission by Anatel to provide intraregional and interregional telecommunications services in our region. See Item 4 “Information on the Company—Business Overview—Competition.”

       Anatel may grant private additional regime authorizations to other companies to provide local, intraregional, interregional and international long-distance services throughout Brazil. See Item 4 “Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Concessions and Licenses.”

       As a result, the value of our concessions could be adversely affected if the Brazilian government were to grant additional public regime fixed-line concessions or private regime local and/or intraregional long-distance authorizations to new entrants to provide services similar to those that we currently provide.

We could lose our concessions if we do not comply fully with the terms of our concessions. This could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

       The terms of our concessions require us to satisfy a number of service, quality, technical, buildout and financial purpose conditions. See Item 4 “Information on the Company—Business Overview—Targets Imposed by Anatel” and Item 4 “Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Obligations of Telecommunications Companies.”

       We believe that we are currently in material compliance with all of these terms. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to comply with all of them in the future. A failure to comply with them could subject us to fines by Anatel or even the potential termination of some of our concessions without compensation. If any of our concessions were to be terminated, our financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.

The failure to develop and implement the technology necessary to quantify and combat fraud on our network could adversely affect our results of operations.

       The fraudulent use of telecommunications networks imposes a significant cost upon service providers, who must bear the cost of services provided to fraudulent users. We suffer loss of revenue as a result of fraudulent use, and also cash costs due to our obligation to reimburse carriers for the cost of services provided to fraudulent users. During 2002, we continued to improve our systems in order to implement an “on-line” fraud management system. See “—Risks Relating to Our Company—We Depend On Sophisticated Information and Processing Systems to Operate Our Company, the Failure of Which Could Affect Our Financial Condition and Results Of Operations.”

       In addition, we rely on other long-distance carriers for interconnection, some of whom do not have anti-fraud technology in their network. In 2001, we created a fraud management department to provide specialized customer service to customers affected by fraud. During 2002, several automated procedures were created and placed in various parts of our operations to detect and control possible abnormalities that could represent fraudulent activities. These control points have a preventive function, and work both pro-actively and, should a fraud occur, reactively. Should we not be able to develop and implement the technology necessary to quantify and combat fraud on our network, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

The failure to develop and implement the technology necessary to extract, analyze, monitor and take actions upon revenue leakage present in our revenue stream could adversely affect our results of operations in a competitive environment.

       Revenue assurance, which consists in seeking out the sources of lost income from network and system inefficiencies from operations, is an area that was nearly unexplored two years ago. Today’s economic pressure to maximize profitability and reduce costs resulted in a shift in focus by nearly all service providers. The high costs associated with capturing new market share also drive the providers to optimize profitability within its existing market and infrastructure. Revenue leaks occur at different stages of the billing process, from ordering the new service to the provider making network switch changes and establishing accurate billing records reflecting the change.

       In 2002, the revenue assurance area introduced two systems and processes, which are currently being implemented: The first one is the Test Call Generators (TCG), which are designed to verify if services are being correctly billed, and the second one is the Call Detail Record (CDR) monitoring and Volume Control, which is a manual attempt to reconcile CDRs within the production chain, accounting for CDR traffic from its creation at the switch until it reaches the billing engine.

       We face several challenges in finding and preventing revenue leakage, including the gathering of data from multiple sources within our complex network/IT platforms and the reconciliation of such data in order to identify the root cause(s) of leakage. The identification, prevention, and correction process typically involves multiple operational functions throughout the organization.

       If we are not able to develop and implement the technology necessary to detect, quantify, and prevent revenue leakage in our network, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

As a result of new developments in the global telecommunications industry, the technology that we use may be made obsolete by technological change, which could adversely affect our competitive position, require substantial new capital expenditures and/or require write-offs of obsolete technology. This would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

       All companies in the global telecommunications industry must adapt to rapid and significant changes in technology. While we have been upgrading our network with technologically advanced fiber-optic cable with a microwave overlay, we cannot assure you that our network will not be challenged by competition from new or improved technologies in the future. Technological changes may adversely affect our competitive position, require substantial new capital expenditures and/or require write-offs of obsolete technology. This would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

In the event of a national disaster, war, significant public disturbance, threats to internal peace or for economic reasons, the Brazilian government could temporarily seize or permanently expropriate our assets under certain circumstances, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

       The Brazilian government has the authority to temporarily seize all assets related to telecommunications concession in the event of natural disaster, war, significant public disturbance, threats to internal peace or for economic reasons, and for other reasons related to national security. In addition, the Brazilian government has the statutory right to permanently expropriate any telecommunications concession and claim any related assets for reasons of public interest. Brazilian law provides for compensation in connection with losses and damages related to temporary seizure or expropriation. However, in the event of a temporary seizure or expropriation of any of our assets we cannot assure you that the actual compensation paid would be adequate or that such payment would be timely. This would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Retroactive application of certain state taxes to cellular activation and other fees could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

       In June 1998, the governments of Brazilian states approved an agreement (“Convênio 69/98”) to interpret existing Brazilian tax law to broaden the application of the state value-added tax (“ICMS”) effective July 1, 1998, to certain services, including cellular activation and installation services, to which the ICMS had not previously been applied. The administrative tax authorities in the Federal District and in the State of Santa Catarina have assessed us on this issue regarding the five years preceding June 30, 1998. We have filed administrative defenses against these states in connection with the retroactive application of this tax.

       Moreover, there is a risk that other states will seek to apply this interpretation retroactively to services rendered during the six months preceding June 30, 1998. We believe that any such attempt by other states to apply the ICMS retroactively to activation and installation services that are supplementary to basic telecommunications services would also be illegal and unconstitutional because:

       Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that we would prevail in our position that the interpretation by the state governments is illegal. If the ICMS were to be applied retroactively in the activation fees earned by the discontinued cellular operations for the six months prior to June 30, 1998, under the statute of limitations, this would have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations. It would give rise to a liability estimated at approximately R$20 million in back taxes. See Item 8 “Financial Information—Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—Legal Proceedings—Retroactive Application of Certain Taxes to Cellular Activation and Other Fees.”

Risks Relating to Brazil

Brazilian political and economic conditions have a direct impact on our business and the market price of the Preferred Shares underlying the ADSs.

       Substantially all of our operations and customers are located in Brazil. Accordingly, our financial condition and results of operations are substantially dependent on Brazil’s economy, which has been characterized by frequent and occasionally drastic intervention by the Brazilian government and volatile economic cycles in the past. In 2002 the real declined in value by 52.3% against the U.S. dollar, from 2.3204 reais per U.S. dollar at December 31, 2001 to 3.5333 reais per U.S. dollar at December 31, 2002, as a result of the economic crisis in Argentina, one of Brazil’s primary trading partners, the lower level of growth of the world economy, and the economic instability caused by the Brazilian presidential elections. During the year ended December 31, 2002, the Central Bank raised Brazil’s base interest rate by a total of 6.0 percentage points in an effort to stabilize the currency and decrease inflationary pressures. In the past, the Brazilian government has often changed monetary, fiscal, taxation and other policies to influence the course of Brazil’s economy. We have no control over, and cannot predict, what measures or policies the Brazilian government may take in response to the current Brazilian economic situation or how Brazilian government intervention and government policies will affect the Brazilian economy and, both directly and indirectly, our operations and revenues.

       Our operations, financial condition and the market price of our Preferred Shares and ADSs may be adversely affected by changes in policy involving exchange controls, tax and other matters, as well as factors such as:

       On January 1, 2003, Luis Inácio Lula da Silva, from the Labor Party, took office as the new President of Brazil. Until now, the economic policies of former President Cardoso have been continued by the current administration of the Brazilian government. However, there can be no certainty that the current administration will continue these policies in the future. The uncertainty over what policies the current Brazilian government will adopt may have an impact in our business and may contribute to economic uncertainty in Brazil and to heightened volatility in the Brazilian securities markets and securities issued abroad by Brazilian issuers.

If Brazil experiences substantial inflation in the future, our revenues and the market price of the Preferred Shares and ADSs may be reduced.

       Brazil has in the past experienced extremely high rates of inflation, with annual rates of inflation reaching as high as 2,489.1% in 1993 (according to the Brazilian National Consumer Price Index (Índice Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor) published by the IBGE). Inflation itself and governmental measures to combat inflation have in the past had significant negative effects on the Brazilian economy. Inflation, actions taken to combat inflation and public speculation about possible future actions have also contributed to economic uncertainty in Brazil and to heightened volatility in the Brazilian securities markets. If Brazil experiences substantial inflation in the future our costs may increase, and our gross profit may be affected (to the extent that our tariff increases and consequently our net operating revenues do not keep up with the rate of inflation) and, if investor confidence lags, the price of the Preferred Shares underlying the ADSs may fall.

       Inflationary pressures may also curtail our ability to access foreign financial markets and may lead to further government intervention in the economy, including the introduction of government policies that may adversely affect the overall performance of the Brazilian economy.

Adverse changes in Brazilian economic conditions, beyond our control, could cause an increase in bad debt provisions for doubtful accounts, which could materially reduce our earnings.

       Our business is affected by customers’ ability to pay their bills. If the Brazilian economy worsens because of, among other factors:

       a greater portion of our customers may not be able to pay their bills, which would increase our bad debts and provisions for doubtful accounts. Losses from accounts receivables decreased by approximately 30% during the year ended December 31, 2002, from approximately 3.8% of gross revenues in 2001 to approximately 2.7% of gross revenues in 2002. Should economic conditions worsen in Brazil and bad debts increase, this could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Restrictions on the movement of capital out of Brazil may hinder your ability to receive dividends and distributions on, and the proceeds from any sale of, the Preferred Shares.

       The Brazilian government may impose restrictions on capital outflow that would hinder or prevent the custodian in Brazil, or you if you have exchanged your ADRs for the underlying Preferred Shares, from converting the proceeds relating to the Preferred Shares into U.S. dollars and remitting those proceeds abroad. Brazilian law permits the government to impose these restrictions whenever there is a serious imbalance in Brazil’s balance of payments or reasons to foresee such a serious imbalance. Although, there is no current material imbalance in Brazil’s balance of payments, there can be no assurance that such an imbalance may not arise in the future or that the Brazilian government will not institute more restrictive exchange control policies in the future. See Item 10 “Additional Information—Taxation—Brazilian Tax Considerations.”

As a holder of ADSs you may have fewer and less well-defined shareholders' rights than in the United States.

       Our corporate affairs are governed by our Bylaws and Brazilian Corporate Law, which may differ from the legal principles that would apply if we were incorporated in a jurisdiction in the United States. Under Brazilian Corporate Law, you and the holders of our Preferred Shares may have fewer and less well defined rights to protect your interests relative to actions taken by our board of directors or the holders of our Common Shares than under the laws of other jurisdictions outside Brazil.

       Restrictions on insider trading and price manipulation, rules and policies against self-dealing and regarding the preservation of shareholder interests may not be as detailed, well-established and enforced in Brazil as in the United States, which could potentially disadvantage you as a holder of our Preferred Shares and/or ADSs. We have a manual for the disclosure and use of information and the trading of securities, that (i) defines the policy for the disclosure and use of information and contains the rules for disclosing relevant facts to the market and (ii) defines the standards that regulate the trading of shares by our controlling shareholders, advisors, and executives. We also release material contracts between our company and related parties.

       When compared to Delaware general corporation law, Brazilian corporate law and practice has less detailed and well-established rules and judicial precedents relating to the review of management decisions involving duty of care and duty of loyalty standards in the context of corporate restructurings, transactions with related parties, and sale-of-business transactions. In addition, shareholders in Brazilian companies must hold at least 5% of the outstanding share capital of a corporation in order to have standing to bring shareholders’ derivative suits, and shareholders in Brazilian companies ordinarily do not have standing to bring class action suits.

Risks Associated with Our Preferred Shares or American Depositary Shares

The Brazilian securities markets are smaller, more volatile and less liquid than the major U.S. and European securities markets and therefore may limit your ability to sell the Preferred Shares underlying the American Depositary Shares.

       The Brazilian securities markets are smaller, more volatile and less liquid than the major securities markets in the U.S. and other jurisdictions. For example, the value of the average number of shares traded daily on the New York Stock Exchange for 2002 was approximately U.S.$40.9 billion compared to the São Paulo Stock Exchange, where the value of the average number of shares traded daily for 2002 was approximately R$558.1 million (approximately U.S.$158.0 million). The relatively small capitalization and liquidity of the Brazilian equity markets may substantially limit your ability to sell the Preferred Shares underlying the ADSs at the price and time that you desire. These markets may also be substantially affected by economic circumstances unique to Brazil, such as currency devaluations.

Developments in other countries, including Argentina, may affect the Brazilian economy, market price of the Preferred Shares and your American Depositary Shares.

       Securities of Brazilian companies have been influenced by economic and market conditions in other countries to varying degrees. Although economic conditions are different in each country, investors’ reactions to developments in one country may affect the securities of issuers in other countries, including Brazil. Since the fourth quarter of 1997, the international financial markets have experienced significant volatility, and a large number of market indices, including those in Brazil, have declined significantly. Developments in other countries have also at times adversely affected the market price of our and other Brazilian companies’ securities. Argentina, after prolonged periods of recession followed by political instability, announced in 2001 that it would not service its public sector debt. If the current economic situation in Argentina, an important trade partner of Brazil, and Latin America continues to deteriorate, or if similar developments occur in the international financial markets in the future, the Brazilian economy and the market price of Brazilian securities may be adversely affected. See Item 9 “The Offer and Listing—Offer and Listing Details.” There can be no assurances that future events elsewhere, especially in emerging market countries, will not have an adverse effect on the market value of our Preferred Shares and our ADRs.

Holding your Preferred Shares in ADS form will subject you to several risks and may jeopardize certain rights relating to voting, dividends and distributions, and preemptive rights, among others, that you would otherwise enjoy as a holder of Preferred Shares.

Forward-Looking Information

       This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements. We may also make forward-looking statements in press releases and oral statements. Forward-looking statements are not statements of historical fact and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties. The words “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “forecasts,” “intends,” “plans,” “predicts,” “projects,” “targets” and similar words are intended to identify these forward-looking statements.

       In this Annual Report, we have made forward-looking statements that address, among other things:

       Because these forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, there are important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These factors include:

       The reader should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we do not undertake any obligation to update them in light of new information or future developments. Neither our independent auditors, nor any other independent accountants, have compiled, examined, or performed any procedures, with respect to the prospective financial information contained herein, nor have they expressed any opinion or any other form of assurance on such information or its achievability, and assume no responsibility for, and disclaim any association with, the prospective financial information.

ITEM 4. Information on the Company

History and Development of the Company

       We are one of the fixed-line telecommunications companies that resulted from the breakup and privatization of Telecomunicações Brasileiras S.A. – Telebrás (“Telebrás”) by the Brazilian Federal Government in 1998. We are an amalgamation of the following operating companies formerly controlled by Telebrás: Telecomunicações de Santa Catarina S.A. – Telesc (“Telesc”), Telecomunicações de Goiás S.A. – Telegoiás (“Telegoiás”), Telecomunicações de Brasília S.A. – Telebrasília (“Telebrasília”), Telecomunicações do Mato Grosso S.A. – Telemat (“Telemat”), Telecomunicações do Mato Grosso do Sul S.A. – Telems (“Telems”), Telecomunicações de Rondônia S.A. – Teleron (“Teleron”), Telecomunicações do Acre S.A. – Teleacre (“Teleacre”), Companhia Telefônica Melhoramento e Resistência – CTMR (“CTMR”) and our predecessor, Telecomunicações do Paraná S.A. – Telepar (“Telepar”), and CRT, a company formerly controlled by Telefônica S.A..

       Our principal executive office is located at SIA/Sul, ASP, Lote D, Bloco B – 71215-000 – Setor de Indú;stria, Brasilia, DF, Brazil, and our telephone number is (55-61) 415-1414. Our agent in the United States is CT Corporation System, located at 111 Eighth Avenue, 13th floor, New York, New York 10011.

Historical Background

       Prior to the incorporation of Telebrás in 1972, there were more than 900 telecommunications companies operating throughout Brazil. Between 1972 and 1975, Telebrás acquired almost all the other telephone companies in Brazil and thus came to have a monopoly over the provision of public telecommunications services in almost all areas of the country. Beginning in 1995, the Federal Government undertook a comprehensive reform of Brazil’s telecommunications regulatory system. In July 1997, Brazil’s National Congress adopted the Lei Geral de Telecomunicações (the “General Telecommunications Law,” and together with the regulations, decrees, orders and plans on telecommunications issued by Brazil’s Executive Branch, the “Telecommunications Regulations”), which provided for the establishment of a new regulatory framework, the introduction of competition and the privatization of Telebrás.

       The General Telecommunications Law established Anatel as the regulator of the telecommunication industry in Brazil. Anatel is administratively independent from the Brazilian Government and financially autonomous. Anatel is required to report on its activities to the Ministry of Communications and to the Brazilian Congress. In addition, any proposed regulation of Anatel is subject to a period of public comment, including public hearings. Anatel’s decisions may be challenged in the Brazilian courts. Among its functions are the following:

       On January 30, 1998, in preparation for the restructuring and privatization of Telebrás, the cellular telecommunications operations of Telebrás’ operating subsidiaries were spun off into separate companies. On May 22, 1998, Telebrás was restructured to form, in addition to Telebrás, 12 new holding companies by means of a procedure under Brazilian Corporate Law called cisão, or split-up. These new holding companies were allocated virtually all the assets and liabilities of Telebrás, including the shares held by Telebrás in its operating companies. The split-up of Telebrás into 12 new holding companies is referred to herein as the “breakup of Telebrás.”

       These holding companies, together with their respective subsidiaries, consisted of (a) eight cellular service providers, each operating in one of the regions into which Brazil has been divided for purposes of cellular telecommunications services in the frequency range formerly used by each of the former operating companies of Telebrás, (b) three regional fixed-line service providers, each providing local and intraregional long-distance service in one of the three regions into which Brazil has been divided for purposes of fixed-line telecommunications, and (c) Embratel, which provides domestic (including intraregional and interregional) long-distance telephone service and international telephone service throughout Brazil.

       Set forth below are maps of Brazil showing the locations of the fixed line, long-distance regions and cellular regions into which the country was split-up following the breakup of Telebrás:


       Brasil Telecom Participações (previously Tele Centro Sul Participações, S.A.), is our parent company, and is one of the three new holding companies providing local and intraregional long-distance services in Brazil. See Item 7 “Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major Shareholders.” In the breakup of Telebrás, Brasil Telecom Participações was allocated all the share capital held by Telebrás in Telesc, Telegoiás, Telebrasília, Telemat, Telems, Teleron, Teleacre, CTMR and our company; companies which provided fixed-line telecommunications service in the western, central and southern regions of Brazil. See “—Business Overview—Our Region.” In July 1998, the Federal Government sold all its voting shares of these new holding companies, including the shares it held in Brasil Telecom Participações to private sector buyers. The sale of all of the Federal Government’s voting shares in the new holding companies to private sector buyers is referred to herein as the “privatization of Telebrás.”

History of Our Company

       The following overview illustrates a brief history of our company:

       As a result of our merger with Telesc, Telegoiás, Telebrasília, Telemat, Telems, Teleron, Teleacre, CTMR and CRT, we became the dominant local, interstate and intrastate fixed-line telecommunication service provider in our region. The only other fixed-line telecommunications service provider in our region is Global Village Telecom (Sercomtel and CTBC also operate partially in our region but we do not service the same cities). For intrastate and interstate long-distance telecommunications services, Intelig and Embratel are the other providers that are authorized to provide long-distance services in our region.

       Our average market share for local fixed-line telecommunication services in our region for the year 2002 was approximately 96.5%. This estimate is based on outside consultants’ statistical estimates using the volume of outgoing and incoming local calls of our competitors that interconnect through our network. Our dominant position in the local fixed-line telecommunications market is due, among other things, to the fact that we did not face any competition in this market until the entry of Global Village Telecom in November of 2000.

       Our average market share for intrastate and interstate fixed-line telecommunication services for the year 2002 was approximately 86.5% and 73.0%, respectively. These estimates are based on the volume of outgoing and incoming long-distance calls that select us to carry such calls by imputing our carrier selection code.

       Notwithstanding our dominant position in our region, the cost of maintaining our market share has increased and our margins have decreased due to higher subscriber acquisition costs in the form of advertising and discounts, as well as the effect of increased competition on pricing. We currently face competition in the local fixed-line telecommunications market from Global Village Telecom, and in the interstate and intrastate long-distance telecommunications market from Intelig, Embratel and Global Village Telecom. See “—Business Overview—Competition.” In addition, we could face increased competition if the Brazilian government grants more private regime authorizations in our region, as it is expected to do, or if new or competing technologies are developed. As a result, there can be no assurance that increased competition will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. See Item 3 “Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—We face increasing competition in the Brazilian telecommunications industry. This may have a material adverse effect on our market share, margins, results of operations and financial condition.”

Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry

General

       Our business, including the services we provide and the rates we charge, are subject to comprehensive regulation under the General Telecommunications Law and various administrative enactments thereunder. We operate in each of the states in our region based on the concessions that were granted to each of Telepar, Telesc, Telegoiás, Telebrasília, Telemat, Telems, Teleron, Teleacre and CTMR. These concessions authorize us to provide specified services and set forth certain obligations that we need to comply with (the “List of Obligations”).

       Anatel is the regulatory agency for telecommunications under the Regulamento da Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações (the “Anatel Decree”). Anatel is administratively independent from the Government and financially autonomous. Anatel is required to report on its activities to the Ministry of Communications and to the Brazilian Congress. In addition, any proposed regulation of Anatel is subject to a period of public comment, including public hearings, and Anatel’s decisions may be challenged in the Brazilian courts.

Concessions and Licenses

       The concessions and authorizations for supplying telecommunications services in Brazil are granted under the public and private regimes. Services under the public regime are supplied through concessions while services under the private regime are supplied through authorizations granted by Anatel.

       Companies under the public regime, like our company, are subject to certain special obligations regarding tariffs established by Anatel, which is also responsible for supervising the tariffs charged by such companies. On the other hand, the prices charged by the companies under the private regime, like Global Village Telecom and Intelig in our region, are freely set, and only subject to general policies and legislation which aim at protecting competition from any harm, as well as from the abuse of economic power.

       The obligations in respect to the quality of services, interconnection and payment for the use of networks are applicable to companies that render telecommunications services under both the public and private regimes.

       Until the earlier of December 31, 2003, or until all of the public regime concessionaires operating in their region have fulfilled certain year 2003 universalization and network expansion obligations, public regime companies, such as our company, that render fixed-line telephone services are prohibited from offering interregional and international long-distance services. Such obligations include universalization and network expansion targets set by the respective concessions and the General Plans of Concession and Licenses.

       Because we have no control over when the other public regime concessionaires in our region will meet their year 2003 universalization and network expansion obligations, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to offer interregional and international long-distance telecommunication services prior to December 31, 2003. As a result, until we and the other concessionaires in our region have met our year 2003 universalization and network expansion obligations, or until December 31, 2003, whichever is earlier, we may face competition from other entrants in our region offering a wide array of fixed-line, cellular, local and long-distance telecommunications services throughout Brazil. This could have a material adverse effect on our market share, margins, results of operations and financial condition. See Item 3 “Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—We face increasing competition in the Brazilian telecommunications industry. This may have a material adverse effect on our market share, margins, results of operations and financial condition.”

Fixed-line Services - Public Regime

       Each public regime company, like our company, operates under concessions that expire in 2005 but are renewable for an additional 20-year period, subject to the meeting of certain obligations. The concessions may be revoked prior to expiration. See “—Obligations of Telecommunications Companies—Public Regime—Service Restrictions.” Every second year during the 20-year renewal period, public regime companies will be required to pay renewal fees equal to 2% of the annual net revenues from the provision of telecommunications services (excluding taxes and social contributions) during the immediately preceding year, beginning April 30, 2006.

       Our company, like the other regional fixed-line companies, is generally not permitted to offer interregional, international long-distance service or other specified telecommunications services until after December 31, 2003. However, if all of the operating concessionaires providing telecommunications services in our region meet their network expansion and universal service targets on an accelerated basis, we would qualify to receive authorization to offer any sort of telecommunications services, including interregional and international long-distance services, in our region and elsewhere, prior to December 31, 2003. See “—Obligations of Telecommunications Companies—Public Regime—Service Restrictions.”

Fixed-line Services - Private Regime

       The Telecommunications Regulations provide for the introduction of competition in telecommunications services in Brazil by requiring the Federal Government to authorize four private regime companies: one to provide local fixed-line and intraregional long-distance telecommunications services in each of the three fixed-line regions and one to provide interregional and international long-distance telecommunication services throughout Brazil. In November of 2000, Global Village Telecom began providing local fixed-line and intraregional long-distance telecommunications services in our region, thereby increasing competition for us. Since January 1, 2002, Anatel has had the authority to authorize additional private regime companies to provide intraregional, interregional and international telephone long-distance services. See “—Business Overview—Competition.”

Obligations of Telecommunications Companies

       Our company, like other telecommunications service providers, is subject to obligations concerning quality of service and network expansion and modernization. The other public regime companies are also subject to a set of special restrictions regarding the services they may offer contained in the Plano Geral de Outorgas (“General Plan of Concessions and Licenses”) and special obligations regarding network expansion, modernization and service quality contained in the Plano Geral de Metas de Universalização (“General Plan on Universal Service”) and the Plano Geral de Metas de Qualidade (“General Plan on Quality”).

Public Regime - Service Restrictions

       The General Plan of Concessions and Licenses prohibits regional fixed-line service providers such as our company from offering cellular, interregional long-distance or international long-distance services and prohibits Embratel from offering local or cellular services until after December 31, 2003.

       Anatel is expected to monitor the progress of Embratel and the regional fixed-line service providers, like our company, towards meeting their respective Lists of Obligations. See “—Network Expansion—General Plan on Universal Service” and “—Quality of Service—General Plan on Quality.” Each public regime fixed-line provider will be authorized to provide all other telecommunication services (except for fixed-line services in the private regime within their region and cable television services) either (i) after December 31, 2003; or (ii) after all of the public regime concessionaires operating in their respective region have met their respective universalization and network expansion targets.

       Public regime companies are also subject to certain restrictions on alliances, joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions, including the following:

Network Expansion – General Plan on Universal Service

       Under the General Plan on Universal Service, each regional fixed-line service provider is required to expand fixed-line service within its region in accordance with the List of Obligations, and Embratel is required to expand access to long-distance service by installing public telephones in remote regions. No subsidies or other supplemental financings are anticipated to finance the network expansion obligations of the public regime companies. If a public regime company fails to meet its obligations in a particular fixed-line region, Anatel may apply the penalties established by the terms and conditions of the concessions.

Quality of Services - General Plan on Quality

       The providers of fixed-line services, either in the private or in the public regime, shall comply with the provisions of the General Plan on Quality and with the terms of their respective concessions, licenses and authorizations, as the case may be. All costs related to the fulfillment of the quality goals established by the General Plan on Quality shall be exclusively held by the respective telephone service provider.

       The General Plan on Quality establishes the minimum quality standards for the services in regard to:

       The providers of fixed-line services are obliged to supply Anatel with specific data containing their achievement of the minimum quality set forth in the General Plan on Quality on a monthly basis. However, Anatel may collect such data itself at any time and without any previous warning.

       The provider of fixed-line telephone service who does not achieve, in due time, the quality targets established, may be subject to general punitive measures selected by Anatel. Such measures are: warning, fine, temporary suspension, issuance of a bad repute statement, and termination of such concession, permission or authorization. Fines applicable due to an act or omission contrary to the terms of the respective concession, permission or authorization and which causes damages to the quality of the fixed-line telephone services can be up to R$50 million. Such fines shall be imposed pursuant to the terms of article 179 of Law 9,472/97 and the respective concession, permission or authorization.

Fines and Penalties

       Failure to meet the network expansion and modernization obligations in the List of Obligations may result in fines and penalties of up to R$50 million as well as potential revocation of the concession. Failure to meet the quality of services obligations in the List of Obligations may result in fines and penalties of up to R$40 million. Although we believe that we will be able to meet these requirements; our ability to meet the quality of service obligations in the List of Obligations will depend upon certain factors outside of our control. See “—Business Overview—Network and Facilities—Network Expansion” and “—Business Overview—Services.”

Interconnection

       All public regime companies are required to provide interconnection upon request to any provider of public telecommunications services when technically possible. The terms and conditions of interconnection are freely negotiated between parties, subject to Anatel’s approval. If the parties do not reach agreement on the terms of their interconnection, Anatel may act as their arbitrator. If a company offers any party a tariff below the price cap, it must offer that tariff to any other requesting party on a nondiscriminatory basis. Fixed-line service providers are required to meet certain targets for the number of interconnection points available.

Rate Regulation

       Our concessions provide for a price-cap mechanism to set and adjust rates on an annual basis. The price-cap mechanism consists of an upper limit placed on a weighted average rate for two baskets of services, one local and one long-distance. The local basket includes installation charges, monthly subscription fees and measured usage fees. The long-distance basket includes four rates for calls of varying distances. The caps for local and long-distance interconnection services are equal to the caps for the respective baskets.

       The initial price caps in our concessions were based on the previously existing tariffs, which were developed based on our fully allocated costs. The price caps are adjusted by Anatel on an annual basis under a formula set forth in our respective concessions, which provides for two types of adjustments. One adjustment reflects the rate of deflation or inflation during the relevant period, as measured by the General Price Index – Internal Availability, Índice Geral de Preços – Disponibilidade Interna, published by the Fundação Getú;lio Vargas, a private Brazilian economic research organization. The other adjustment is a reduction in the price-level adjustment determined in accordance with a table of deemed productivity gains that are phased in during 1998-2005 for some caps and 2001-2005 for others.

       Subject to certain limits, the tariffs for individual services within each basket may be increased without pre-defined limits, as long as the weighted average tariff for the entire basket does not exceed the price cap. Subject to approval by Anatel, we may also offer alternative plans that are not subject to the price cap. For instance, customers might be permitted to select a plan that allows unlimited calling for a set fee rather than paying the per-minute fee under our basic service plan.

       Other telecommunications companies wishing to interconnect with and use our network must pay certain fees, primarily a flat network usage fee charged per minute of use, which represents an average charge for a basket of network elements and services. The flat network usage fee is subject to a price cap that varies from company to company based on the underlying cost characteristics of that company’s network. For a breakdown of our past network usage charges, see “—Business Overview—Rates—Network Usage Charges.”

       Three years from the date of grant of our concessions, Anatel may permit us to set our own tariffs, provided that there is effective competition in our region. Excessive increases in earnings or anti-competitive practices may cause Anatel to re-institute the price-cap mechanism.

       For information on our current tariffs and service plans, see “—Business Overview—Rates.”

Concessions’ Termination

       Under the terms of our respective concessions, a concession can be terminated under any of the following circumstances:

       In the event that any of our concessions are terminated, Anatel may, without prejudice, preemptively occupy all of our properties and use our employees in order to continue rendering services, on the terms and conditions previously established.

Capital Expenditures

       Before the breakup of Telebrás, our capital expenditures were planned and allocated by Telebrás on a system-wide basis and subject to approval by the Federal Government. These constraints on capital expenditures prevented us from making certain investments that otherwise would have been made to improve telecommunications service in our region. Since the breakup of Telebrás, we are no longer subject to these restrictions. We are now permitted to determine our own capital expenditure budget, subject to compliance with certain obligations under our concessions. See “—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Obligations of Telecommunications Companies.”

       The following table sets forth our capital expenditures on plant expansion and modernization for each of the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002.

  Year ended December 31,
  2000(1)
2001(2)
2002(2)
  (million of reais)
Switching 515.8 455.8 235.0
Transmission 212.8 463.1 133.5
Access Network 595.3 1,094.1 212.9
Data Network 72.9 176.3 312.3
Infrastructure 243.5 312.5 148.7
Other investments(3) 443.7
 924.0
 935.2
Total capital expenditures 2,084.0(4)
3,425.7
 1,977.6
_____________________

(1)     In constant reais of December 31, 2000. Presented on a combined consolidated basis for the year 2000.
(2)     Pursuant to Brazilian GAAP, 2001 and 2002 financial information is not restated in constant reais. Presented on a consolidated basis for the years 2001 and 2002.
(3)     Other investments include investments to replace plant equipment and other fixed assets generally without altering the capacity of the assets replaced and certain investments in operational and technical support such as telecommunications management network systems.
(4)     Does not include any capital expenditures made by CRT on its network prior to our merger with CRT, which is deemed to have occurred on July 31, 2000.

Acquisition of CRT

       In addition to the expenditures on plant expansion and modernization, we invested approximately R$1.50 billion on the acquisition of CRT in 2000.

       On July 31, 2000, we acquired 98.83% of the corporate capital of TBS, the holder of 85.19% of the voting capital of CRT, for approximately R$1.50 billion. The acquisition of CRT was financed partly through the use of our own cash reserves, as well as through the domestic placement of commercial paper worth approximately R$900 million.

Acquisition of Ibest Holding Corporation

       On February 22, 2002, BrTi acquired 15.4% of the total capital stock of Ibest Holding Corporation, which controls Ibest S.A., for approximately R$10 million. The equity interest in Ibest Holding Corporation was reduced to 12.8% by the acquisition of Lokau by Ibest Holding Corporation, which paid Lokau’s shareholders with its shares. BrTi also entered into a partnership agreement with Ibest S.A. to provide internet dial access to Ibest S.A.‘s users, in return for which Ibest S.A. encourages its users to access the internet through our services.

Acquisition of Globenet’s Submarine Fiber-Optic Cable System

       On November 15, 2002, Brasil Telecom signed an agreement with the affiliate companies of GlobeNet Communications Group Ltd., through a Sales and Purchase Contract of Shares and Assets (Contrato de Compra e Venda de Ações e Ativos), for the acquisition of the entire submarine fiber-optic cable system of the GlobeNet Group, interlinking connection points in New York and Florida (United States), St. David’s (Bermuda Islands), Fortaleza and Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and Maiquetia (Venezuela). The transaction will consist of the acquisition of assets located in the United States, in the Bermuda Islands, in Brazil and in Venezuela.

       The transaction was implemented through our wholly-owned subsidiary BrTi, which in turn will be able to form subsidiaries outside Brazil for the acquisition of assets and the purchase of shareholding stakes outside Brazil.

       The value of the transaction is equivalent to US$48.0 million, of which US$28.8 million was paid on the closing date, June 11, 2003. The remaining US$19.2 million will be paid over a period of 18 months after the payment of the first installment.

       The GlobeNet Group was formed in 1998 to provide fiber-optic communication services in the United States and internationally between the United States and South America. The Group’s system is composed of two armored submarine cable rings, representing approximately 22,000 kilometers of the best fiber-optic technology cable, linking Brazil to the United States, passing through Venezuela and the Bermuda Islands, with an installed capacity of 80Gbps, and with the potential to increase this to 1,360Gbps. With this installed capacity, we do not anticipate the need for additional investment in fixed assets in the short-term.

       Through this transaction, Brasil Telecom is following its strategy of consolidation and expansion, as a provider of IP wideband broadband services for the residential and corporate segments, as well as becoming the owner of an important fiber-optic connection between Brazil and the United States, which is important to both our interests and those of Brazil.

Acquisition of PCS Licenses

       In line with the strategy of operating integrated solutions to our clients, we acquired licenses for Personal Communication Services (PCS) for R$191.5 million, at an auction held on November 19, 2002. Brasil Telecom paid a premium of 3.6% over the reserve price of R$184.9 million.

       Brasil Telecom signed the Term of Authorization on December 19, 2002, when it paid the equivalent of 10% of the total bid amount at auction. The remaining 90% will be paid in six equal installments annually, respectively due 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 and 96 months after the date of the signing of the Term of Authorization. These installments will be corrected by the IGP-DI index.

       Compared to the amounts paid for the same licenses at the auction held on February 13, 2001, the situation was favorable for Brasil Telecom, which acquired its licenses for approximately R$350 million less than the price paid at that time.

Acquisition of MetroRED

       On February 17, 2003, Brasil Telecom announced the acquisition of a 19.9% stake in MTH do Brasil Ltda., the holder of 99.99% of the capital of MetroRED, for US$17.0 million. In addition to this, Brasil Telecom has a purchase option on the remaining 80.1% stake in MTH for US$51.0 million, which can only be exercised after we obtain certification by Anatel and the fulfillment of the 2003 targets set out in our concession contracts.

       MetroRED will allow Brasil Telecom to continue its strategy of positioning itself as a market leader in the corporate data transmission services segment. MetroRED’s data transport network is complementary to that of Brasil Telecom and has significant network capillarity in the three principal corporate markets outside Region 2 — São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte. The system has 331 kilometers of local network and 1,486 kilometers of long-distance network, connecting these cities.

       MetroRED also has an Internet Solutions Center occupying 3,500 square meters in São Paulo, which offers co-location and hosting services, among others. In addition to this, it has a management team with a wide and in-depth knowledge of the markets of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte.

Research and Development

       We conduct research and development in the areas of telecommunications services, but do not independently seek to develop any new telecommunications technology. Since prior to the breakup of Telebrás, we have contributed to the Fundação CPqD – Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Telecomunicações (the “Center”), a research and development center formerly operated by Telebrás that develops telecommunications technology for application in Brazil.

       Our aggregate expenditures on research and development, including our contribution to the Center and expenditures relating to our own independent research and development activities, were approximately R$24.7 million, R$8.0 million and R$3.8 million for 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively.

Expected Capital Expenditures on Plant Expansion and Modernization

       We currently expect to invest approximately R$1.82 billion in the expansion and modernization of our network during the fiscal year 2003. For the three months ended March 31, 2003, we had invested approximately R$380 million in the expansion and modernization of our network. See Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital Expenditures.”

       We expect to finance our remaining expected 2003 capital expenditures with internal funds generated primarily from our operations.

Business Overview

       We provide fixed-line telecommunications services in Brazil under concessions which we assumed from each of Telesc, Telegoiás, Telebrasília, Telemat, Telems, Teleron, Teleacre, CTMR and CRT for each of the states in our region. These concessions were granted by the Brazilian government to us and to each of these companies prior to our merger with them. These concessions authorize us to provide local and intrastate fixed-line telecommunications services in nine states located in the western, central and southern regions of Brazil and in the Federal District. These concession areas constitute our region. See “—Our region.” We are the dominant provider of local fixed-line telecommunications services and intrastate fixed-line telecommunications services in our region. Local fixed-line telecommunications services include all calls that originate and terminate within a single local area in our region, as well as, installation, monthly subscription, public telephones and supplemental local services. Intrastate fixed-line telecommunications services include all calls between local areas within a state in our region.

       Prior to the year 2000, we did not provide interstate long-distance fixed-line telecommunications services between the states in our region. Since July 1999, we have been authorized to provide interstate long-distance services between the states in our region, thereby competing against Embratel, Intelig and Global Village Telecom.

       In local fixed-line services, our sole competitor is Global Village Telecom. See “—Competition.” As of December 31, 2002, we had approximately 9.5 million lines in service.

Services

       The fixed-line telecommunications services that we offer to our customers consist of (i) local services, including all calls that originate and terminate within a single local area in the region, as well as, installation, monthly subscription, public telephones and supplemental local services, (ii) intrastate long-distance services, including calls between local areas within a state in our region, (iii) interstate long-distance services, which are limited to calls between states in our region, (iv) network services, including interconnection, leasing of facilities and fixed-to-mobile services, (v) data transmission services, and (vi) other services. We do not sell, rent or otherwise provide telephone equipment such as handsets or switchboards. Pursuant to the terms of our respective concessions, we are not authorized to provide interregional and international long-distance services. See “—History and Development of the Company—Historical Background” and Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” We are waiting for Anatel’s certification of the accomplishment of the 2003 targets so we can request this authorization to provide interregional and international long-distance and certain other telecommunications services.

       The following table sets forth our revenue by type of service for the indicated years. Our tariffs for each category of service are discussed below under “—Rates.” Trends and events affecting our operating revenue are discussed under Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.”

  Year ended December 31,
  2000(1)(2)
2001(3)
2002
  (million of reais)
Local services 3,889  5,548  6,255 
Non-local services
Intraregional (intrastate and interstate) long-distance service 987  1,341  1,748 
Interregional and international long-distance service(4) 1  1  1 
Network services 915  994  1,021 
Data transmission 241  324  505 
Other 202 
 250 
 310 
Gross operating revenues 6,235  8,458  9,840 
Taxes and discounts (1,583)
 (2,300)
 (2,769)
Net operating revenues 4,652 
 6,158 
 7,071 
_______________________

(1)     In constant reais of December 31, 2000. Presented on a combined consolidated basis for the year 2000.
(2)     Does not include any revenue generated by CRT prior to our merger with CRT, which is deemed to haveoccurred on July 31, 2000.
(3)     Pursuant to Brazilian GAAP, 2001 and 2002 financial information is not restated in constant reais. Presented on a consolidated basis for the years 2001 and 2002.
(4)     These services are limited to interregional long-distance calls to bordering cities adjacent to our region.

Local Services

       We are the dominant provider of local telecommunications services in our region. Local services include all calls that originate and terminate within a single local area in our region, as well as, installation, monthly subscription, public telephones, and supplemental local services.

       We own and operate public telephones throughout our region. At December 31, 2002, we had approximately 293.3 thousand public telephones. Anatel’s service targets required us to have 216.3 thousand public telephones by year-end 2001, a goal which we met. No target was set by Anatel for the year ended December 31, 2002. By December 31, 2003 we have to meet the goal of 7.5 public telephones for each 1,000 inhabitants and a ratio of public telephones/lines installed equal to 2.5%. See “—Network and Facilities—Network Expansion” and “—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Obligations of Telecommunications Companies—Network Expansion—General Plan on Universal Service.”

       We provide a variety of other supplemental local services that include voice mail, call waiting, call forwarding, conferencing, speed dialing and caller ID.

Intraregional (Intrastate and Interstate) Long-Distance Service

       We are the dominant provider of intrastate fixed-line telecommunication services in our region. Since July 1999, we have also been providing interstate fixed-line telecommunications services in our region. Calls from one local area in a region to another local area in a region are referred to as “intraregional long-distance” calls. Intraregional long-distance service includes intrastate long-distance calls (calls within a given state in a region) and interstate long-distance calls (calls between states in a region). Prior to the breakup of Telebrás, each of Telepar, Telesc, Telegoiás, Telebrasília, Telemat, Telems, Teleron, Teleacre, CTMR and CRT was the exclusive provider of long-distance service that originated and terminated within its concession area. Each concession area coincided roughly with a state, so, generally speaking, each of Telepar, Telesc, Telegoiás, Telebrasília, Telemat, Telems, Teleron, Teleacre, CTMR and CRT (excluding CTMR, which is related to the municipality of Pelotas) was the exclusive provider of intrastate long-distance service in its state. Embratel was the exclusive provider of long-distance service between states.

       As of July 1999, Embratel and Intelig were authorized to begin to provide intrastate long-distance services within the states in our region, and we were authorized to begin to provide interstate long-distance services between the states in our region. See “—Competition.” As a result we have been expanding our network to provide interstate long-distance service in our region, and Embratel and Intelig have been expanding their networks to provide intrastate long-distance service. Until we complete this expansion, we may lease transmission facilities from other carriers to complete interstate long-distance calls between states in our region. To date, Telemar, Embratel and Intelig have been granted permission by Anatel to provide local telecommunications services in our region. Telesp, Albra Telecomunicações Ltda., TIM and Global Village Telecom Ltda. have been granted permission by Anatel to provide intraregional, interregional and international telecommunications services in our region. TNL PCS S.A. has been granted permission by Anatel to provide intraregional and interregional telecommunications services in our region. CTBC has been granted permission by Anatel to provide interregional and international telecommunications services in certain cities located in our region.

       Anatel approved a numbering plan for fixed-line service providers in Brazil. The numbering plan created the so-called carrier selection code, whereby callers are able to choose a service provider for each long-distance call with numbers that identify the carrier. Our carrier selection code is “14.” Since June 1999, we have been providing intraregional long-distance service in our region, thereby competing against Embratel and Intelig. Similarly, Embratel and Intelig have been approved to provide intraregional long-distance service, thereby competing against our company. We are trying to increase our market share of the intraregional (intrastate and interstate) long-distance service market and consolidate our brand, in preparation of our entry into other regions after December 31, 2003.

Interregional and International Service

       We are currently not authorized to provide interregional or international long-distance services. Interregional long-distance service consists of calls between a point within our region and a point in Brazil outside our region. International long-distance service consists of calls between a point within our region and a point outside Brazil. Since 2002, we are eligible to obtain authorization to provide interregional and international long-distance service provided that all of the other public regime concessionaires providing telecommunications services in our region have met the universalization and network expansion targets set forth in our respective concessions. See “—Targets Imposed by Anatel,” “—Competition,” and “—History and Development of the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Obligations of Telecommunications Companies.”

Network Services

       Network services consist of Interconnection, Lease of Facilities and Fixed-to-Mobile Services.

Interconnection

       Interconnection services consist of the use of our network by other telecommunication providers in order to:

       Use of our interconnection services has grown substantially since they were introduced in April 1998, as a result of:

       Telecommunications service providers are required to provide interconnection services on a nondiscriminatory basis. Subject to certain requirements, they are free to negotiate the terms of their interconnection agreements, but if the parties fail to reach an agreement, Anatel will arbitrate the controversy and establish the terms and conditions of interconnection. See “—History and Development of the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Obligations of Telecommunications Companies—Interconnection” and “—Rate Regulation.” The terms of our interconnection services, particularly the pricing and technical requirements of these services, may affect our results of operations, competitive environment and capital expenditure requirements.

       We provide interconnection services to long-distance providers (Embratel and Intelig), and certain operators of trunking services. We also provide interconnection services to the cellular service providers that were spun off from each of Telepar, Telesc, Telegoiás, Telebrasília, Telemat, Telems, Teleron, Teleacre and CTMR as well as all Band B cellular service providers in our region.

Lease of Facilities

       Other telecommunications service providers, particularly cellular service providers, lease trunk lines from our company for use within their stand-alone networks. Large corporate customers lease lines from our company for use in private networks connecting different corporate sites.

       We also lease our telecommunications facilities to Embratel and Intelig in order to provide access to our network.

Fixed-to-Mobile Services

       Fixed-to-mobile services consist of calls that originate in a fixed-line terminal and terminate in a cellular terminal. The use of our fixed-to-mobile services has grown since the spin-off of the cellular telecommunications businesses of each of Telepar, Telesc, Telegoiás, Telebrasília, Telemat, Telems, Teleron, Teleacre and CTMR.

Data Transmission Services

       We provide data transmission services through various technologies and means of access. Since 1999, we have invested in data transmission capacity in response to the growing demand in Brazil for data, image and text transmission services, mainly for corporate networks and internet access.

       We offer various data transmission services, such as:

       We intend to continue to invest in data networks in order to better serve the expected increase in demand for this type of services.

       In 2002, we installed 124,700 new ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) portals, resulting in a total of 225,300 ADSL installed portals, in 172 localities. The ADSL plant in service reached 140,690 accesses, representing a growth of 318% compared to 2001 (33,670 accesses). At the end of 2002, we had sold 168,601 ADSL accesses. ADSL technology allows normal telephone services, as well as the delivery of high-speed data transmission to virtual private networks or to public internet over existing copper lines.

  Year ended December 31,
 
  2001 
2002 
% Change 
ADSL      
Installed Portals 100,600  225,300  124.0
Access in Service 33,670  140,690  317.8
Access Sold 40,640  168,601  314.9

       The other data transmission services (ATM, FR, IP) expanded by 24.4% in 2002 compared to 2001. As of December 31, 2002, we had installed 8,232 ATM / FR / IP gateways, in 87 localities. The DialNet service increased from 47,520 gateways installed at the end of 2001, to 89,020 gateways installed in 180 localities at the end of 2002, representing an increase of 87.3%.

  Year ended December 31,
 
  2001 
2002 
% Change 
DialNet 47,520  89,020  87.3
ATM / FR / IP 6,618  8,232  24.4

       In the last quarter of 2002, we implemented the Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) on the IP Network. This technology allows us to provide IP-VPN services (virtual private networks based on IP) associated with different classes of service, guaranteeing differentiated treatment of traffic to each application. It also allows the formation of virtual private networks independent on the client’s access form (SLDD, FR, ATM, DialNet).

       In 2001, we continued implementing a Signaling Network through common channel seven, based on four dedicated Signal Transfer Points (STP) which made it possible for us to begin to provide additional services such as call screening (a service that allows for the identification of clients, allowing for differential treatment of them), improved accounting and black and white lists (data banks that allow the identification and service of clients in default), in certain markets.

Other Services

       We provide telecommunications services beyond local, intraregional, network and data transmission services including value-added services (900, follow-me, voice mail, call waiting) and advertising in the Yellow Pages and advertising on public telephone cards. However, in accordance with our concessions, we are prohibited from providing cable television services, but we may lease our network to providers of such services.

Our Region

       We are authorized by our concessions to provide fixed-line telecommunications service in nine states of Brazil located in the western, central and southern regions of Brazil, and in the Federal District, as listed in the chart below, excluding small areas in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraná.

       The states in our region cover an area of approximately 2.85 million square kilometers, representing approximately 33.4% of the country’s total area and generating approximately 25% of Brazil’s Gross Domestic Product (“GDP”) in 2002. At December 31, 2002, the estimated population of our region was approximately 41 million, representing approximately 24% of the population of Brazil. Our region has four metropolitan areas with populations in excess of one million inhabitants, including Brasilia, the capital of Brazil.

       The following table sets forth certain key economic data for the states in which we operate.

    Population Percentage of Per capita
  Population per square Brazil's GDP income(US$)
State
(million)(1)
Kilometer(1)
for 2000(2)
for 2000(3)
Parana 9.6 47.96 5.99 12,628
Santa Catarina 5.4 56.14 3.85 14,500
Distrito Federal 2.1 352.16 2.69 26,433
Tocantins 1.2 4.17 0.22 3,872 
Mato Grosso 2.5 2.77 1.22 9,803 
Mato Grosso do Sul 2.1 5.81 1.08 10,454
Rondonia 1.4 5.80 0.51 7,459 
Rio Grande do Sul 10.2 36.14 7.73 15,306
Acre 0.6 3.65 0.15 5,573 
Goias 5.0 14.69 1.97 7,920 
______________________

(1)     Source: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica — IBGE (“IBGE”) pursuant to the 2000 national demographic census.
(2)     Source: IBGE.
(3)     Per capita income was converted into dollars for presentation purposes at the average Commercial Market selling rate of 1999, $1.835 per U.S.$1.00.

       Set forth below is a map of Brazil showing the location of our region.

       Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects depend in part on the performance of the Brazilian economy and the economy of our region, in particular.

       The following table sets forth a breakdown of our approximate revenues in each of the states in which we operate for the year ended December 31, 2001.

        Mato            Rio  
      Mato  Grosso        Santa   Grande  
R$ millions (1)
Acre
Rondonia
Grosso
do Sul
Brasília
Goiás
Tocantins
Catarina
Paraná 
do Sul 
Total 
Local service 44  110  290  282  691  574  57  680  1,233  1,587  5,548 
Intraregional and
interregional 9  35  95  71  51  138  28  266  319  329  1,341 
International 0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  1  0  1 
Network services 6  28  54  58  103  101  18  133  241  252  994 
Data transmission 0  2  9  12  50  24  0  88  80  59  324 
Other 1 
 3 
 10 
 8 
 52 
 28 
 3 
 34 
 64 
 47 
 250 
Gross operating revenues.. 60  178  458  431  947  865  106  1,201  1,938  2,274  8,458 
Taxes and discounts (12)
 (46)
 (143)
 (115)
 (262)
 (243)
 (26)
 (326)
 (522)
 (605)
 (2,300)
Net operating revenues 48 
 132 
 315 
 316 
 685 
 622 
 80 
 875 
 1,416 
 1,669 
 6,158 
___________________________________

(1)     Pursuant to Brazilian GAAP, presented financial information for 2001 is not restated in constant reais.

       The following table sets forth a breakdown of our approximate revenues in each of the states in which we operate for the year ended December 31, 2002.

        Mato            Rio  
      Mato  Grosso        Santa   Grande  
R$ millions (1)(2)
Acre
Rondonia
Grosso
do Sul
Brasília
Goiás
Tocantins
Catarina
Paraná 
do Sul 
Total 
Local service 53  134  338  303  747  663  83  853  1,406  1,675  6,255 
Intraregional and
interregional 12  51  129  88  62  175  39  329  398  465  1,748 
International 0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  1  0  1 
Network services 7  26  66  62  114  101  29  131  239  246  1,021 
Data transmission 3  8  19  20  94  39  6  126  112  102  529 
Other 2 
 5 
 11 
 12 
 62 
 36 
 4 
 40 
 74 
 60 
 306 
Gross operating revenues.. 77  224  563  485  1,079  1,014  161  1,479  2,230  2,548  9,860 
Taxes and Discounts (21)
 (71)
 (177)
 (130)
 (294)
 (294)
 (34)
 (411)
 (646)
 (683)
 (2,761)
Net operating revenues 56 
 153 
 386 
 355 
 785 
 720 
 127 
 1,068 
 1,584 
 1,865 
 7,099 
______________________________

(1)     Pursuant to Brazilian GAAP, the financial information presented for 2002 is not restated in constant reais.
(2)     Since 2002, our revenues also include BrT Serviços de Internet’s revenues, which are not broken down per state.

Targets Imposed by Anatel

       We are required to achieve certain targets imposed by Anatel and the terms and conditions of our concessions in connection with the quality and universalization of our services.

Quality Targets

       We are required, pursuant to the Telecommunications Regulations and our concessions, to meet certain service quality targets relating to call completion rates, repair requests, rate of response to repair request, operator response periods and other aspects of telecommunications services. Noncompliance with these quality targets can result in certain fines. See “—History and Development of the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Obligations of Telecommunications Companies—Quality of Service—General Plan on Quality.”

       The following table summarizes our obligations relating to quality of service from 1999 to 2005. Our quality of service targets are set by the concessions originally granted to each of Telepar, Teleacre, Teleron, Telemat, Telegoiás, Telebrasília, Telems, Telesc, CRT and CTMR, as well as the Telecommunications Regulations.

  Quality of Service Targets beginning
  on December 31,
  1999 
2000 
2001 
2002 
2003 
2004 
2005 
  (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)
Dial tone within 3 seconds (% of cases): 98  98  98  98  98  98  98 
Call completion rate during peak periods (%
of calls attempted) - Local: 60  60  65  65  70  70  70 
Call completion rate during peak periods (%
of calls attempted) - Long Distance: 60  60  65  65  70  70  70 
Maximum monthly repair requests (% of lines
in service) 3  3  2.5 2.5 2  2  1.5
Maximum monthly public telephone repair
requests (% of public telephones in
service) 15  15  12  12  10  10  8 
Operator availability during peak periods (%
response within 10 seconds) 92  92  93  93  94  94  95 
Billing inaccuracy (per 1,000 bills issued)(1) 4  4  3  3  2  2  2 
Credit issued within one billing cycle for
claimed inaccuracies (% of cases) 95  95  96  96  97  97  98 
Maximum number of uncompleted calls due to
network congestion -
Long Distance (% of calls attempted) 6  6  5  5  4  4  4 
Residential repair response speed (% within
24 hours)(2) 95  96  96  96  97  97  98 
Nonresidential repair response speed
(% within 8 hours)(3) 95  96  96  96  97  97  98 
Public telephone repair response speed
(% within 8 hours) 95  96  96  96  97  97  98 
__________________________

(1)     A bill is considered inaccurate for this purpose if a customer claims it is inaccurate.
(2)     Must always be within 48 hours.
(3)     Must always be within 24 hours.




       The following table indicates the individual performance of each of our concessions in accomplishing their respective quality of service obligations as of December 31, 2002.

  Quality of Service Performance measured as of
  December 31, 2002(2)
  AC RO MT GO DF MS PR SC CRT CTMR
  Branch
Branch
Branch
Branch
Branch
Branch
Branch
Branch
Branch
Branch
  (%)  (%)  (%)  (%)  (%)  (%)  (%)  (%)  (%)  (%) 
Dial tone within 3 seconds
(% of cases):
Morning 99.93 99.99 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.9 100.00 100.00 100.00
Afternoon 99.91 99.99 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.9 100.00 100.00 100.00
Night 99.92 99.99 100.00 100.00 99.96 100.00 99.8 100.00 100.00 100.00
Call completion rate (% of
calls attempted) -
Local:
Morning 75.95 71.38 71.66 70.78 69.77 69.76 72.10 70.31 67.85 73.64
Afternoon 76.14 74.30 72.10 71.02 71.07 68.13 72.11 70.71 68.41 74.16
Night 72.85 69.57 69.01 69.20 69.76 66.88 57.01 67.72 66.27 73.13
Call completion rate (% of
calls attempted) - Long
Distance:
Morning 72.51 70.26 69.35 69.90 67.23 69.18 69.08 68.85 67.35 67.28
Afternoon 71.45 70.54 70.98 69.02 67.92 71.22 70.02 69.55 67.30 65.98
Night 75.10 67.54 65.37 67.01 65.45 68.30 58.33 65.43 65.46 65.74
Maximum monthly repair
requests (% of lines in
service) 1.57 1.99 2.22 2.16 1.99 1.46 1.70 2.05 1.96 2.04
Maximum monthly public
telephone repair requests
(% of public telephones in
service) 10.92 12.18 9.64 12.07 12.11 12.12 12.04 11.82 12.51 12.66
Operator availability during
peak periods (% response
within 10 seconds)
Morning 99.13 98.78 96.12 92.13 93.07 94.43 98.62 98.75 98.97 97.87
Afternoon 93.53 92.80 99.58 98.90 99.90 99.74 99.25 99.34 98.92 99.73
Night 96.79 96.08 99.46 98.84 99.56 98.77 83.39 96.52 96.19 96.73
Billing inaccuracy (per 1,000
local bills issued)(1) 2.20 2.56 1.36 2.15 2.07 0.82 2.15 2.35 1.97 1.70
Billing inaccuracy (per 1,000
long-distance bills
issued)(1) 0.64 0.85 0.47 0.66 0.24 0.53 0.29 0.22 0.36 0.39
Credit issued within one
billing cycle for claimed
inaccuracies (% of
cases) 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Maximum number of
uncompleted calls due to
network congestion -
Long Distance (% of calls
attempted)
Morning 3.57 1.71 2.50 1.58 3.14 3.17 2.16 2.09 1.19 2.20
Afternoon 2.63 1.64 1.78 1.49 2.50 1.93 2.23 1.97 1.15 2.46
Night 2.38 2.95 4.06 2.43 2.88 3.61 9.45 3.10 1.62 2.19
Maximum number of
uncompleted calls due to
network congestion -
Local (% of calls
attempted)
Morning 0.30 0.56 1.36 0.70 1.18 1.26 1.01 1.14 1.09 1.62
Afternoon 0.44 0.39 1.99 0.86 1.45 4.31 1.87 1.34 0.72 0.28
Night 0.61 0.44 2.16 1.49 1.09 3.38 12.50 0.78 0.92 0.59
Residential repair response
speed (% within 24
hours)(3). 98.83 99.71 99.49 99.75 99.74 99.85 99.74 99.75 97.98 99.83
Nonresidential repair
response speed (% within
8 hours)(4) 97.93 98.76 98.58 99.42 99.23 99.36 99.46 99.51 97.63 100.00
Public telephone repair
response speed (% within
8 hours)(4) 96.52 95.15 99.20 94.10 94.56 95.68 98.18 96.88 97.03 99.26
_____________________

(1)     A bill is considered inaccurate for this purpose if a customer claims it is inaccurate.
(2)     Quality of Service performance targets that have not been met by us are highlighted in gray.
(3)     Must always be within 48 hours.
(4)     Must always be within 24 hours.

Universalization – Network Expansion

       We are also required under the Telecommunications Regulations and our concessions, to meet certain targets relating to network expansion and modernization. See “—History and Development of the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Obligations of Telecommunications Companies—Network Expansion—General Plan on Universal Service.”

       As of February 28, 2003, we had met all of the expansion and modernization requirements for the year ended 2003. The table below indicates certain of our obligations relating to the expansion and modernization of our network from 2000 to 2005, and our performance in accomplishing those obligations at December 31, 2002.

  Company
  status at
  December 31,
By December 31,(2)
  2002
2002
2003
2004
2005
Minimum number of installed lines          
(millions) 10.55 8.1  8.1  8.1  8.1 
Fixed-line service available to all
communities larger than (thousands of
inhabitants) --  1,000  600  600  300 
Maximum waiting time for installation of
a line (weeks)(1) --  4  2  1  1 
Minimum number of public telephones in
service (thousands) 293  216  216  216  216 
Minimum number of public telephones (per
1,000 inhabitants) 7.2 --  7.5  7.5  8.0 
Minimum public telephones as a percentage
of fixed lines 2.8 --  2.5  2.5  3.0 
Minimum digitalization level of network
(%) 99% 85% 95% 95% 99%
______________________________

(1)     Applies only to areas where fixed-line service is fully available.
(2)     These expansion and modernization requirements are inclusive of the requirements for the CRT concession.

Rates

       Our telecommunications service rates are subject to comprehensive regulation. See “—History and Development of the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Rate Regulation.” Since the relative stabilization of the Brazilian economy in mid-1994, there have been two major changes in rates for local and long-distance services. Effective in January 1996, rates for all services were increased, primarily to compensate for accumulated effects of inflation. Effective in May 1997, the rate structure was modified through a tariff rebalancing that resulted in higher charges for measured service and monthly subscription and lower charges for intraregional, interregional and international long-distance services.

       Our concessions establish a price-cap mechanism for annual rate adjustments, which places an upper limit on a weighted average of the rates for a basket of local and long-distance service and for interconnection. The basket includes activation and subscription fees and measured usage fees for local, long-distance and public telephone service. Subject to certain limits, the rates for individual services within the basket may be increased by up to 9% above the limit, as long as the weighted average rate for the entire basket does not exceed the limit. Our concessions provide for the price cap to be adjusted periodically by Anatel in order to take account of inflation, as measured by the IGP-DI. In 2000, 2001 and 2002 the basket of local services was adjusted, on average, by approximately 13%, 10% and 8%, respectively.

Local Rates

       Our revenue from local service consists principally of activation and installation charges, monthly subscription charges, measured service charges and public telephone charges.

       The monthly subscription charge is the amount paid for the availability of fixed switched telephony service, regardless of utilization. Payment of this charge includes 100 free pulses per month for residential clients and 90 free pulses per month for non-residential clients. Any pulses in excess of such amounts are billed to the customer as a measured service.

       Since June 28, 2002, the date of the last tariff adjustment, monthly subscription charges (net of taxes) have been R$18.92 for residential customers and R$24.80 for commercial customers.

       Users of measured service, both residential and nonresidential, pay for local calls depending on usage. Usage is measured in pulses. Pulses occur system-wide every four minutes for most local calls and every sixty seconds for local calls made between certain municipalities. These system-wide pulses are recorded independently of when individual calls are actually made. In addition to system-wide pulses, the system records one pulse for every call when the call is connected. After the first pulse, only system-wide pulses are used in determining the charge for a call. As a result, the time between the first pulse and the second (system-wide) pulse may vary. For example, for a call being charged using four-minute pulse increments, the time between the first pulse and the second (system-wide) pulse may vary between one second and four minutes.

       Local call charges for calls made on weekdays from 6:00 a.m. to 12:00 a.m. and on Saturdays from 6:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m., are determined by multiplying the number of pulses by the charge per pulse. For calls being made any weekday between midnight and 6:00 a.m., on Saturdays between 2:00 p.m. and midnight and all day on Sundays and holidays, a caller is charged for only one pulse regardless of the duration of a call.

       The following table sets forth selected information regarding our subscription charges and measured service charges for local telephone service for the periods indicated.

  Year ended December 31,
  2000(1)(3)(4)
2001(5)
2002(5)
Average rates for local telephone service(2): (reais)(1)
Monthly subscription:      
Residential 14.11 16.58 18.92
Commercial 21.97 24.59 24.80
Measured service (per local pulse) 0.0708 0.07065 0.08
___________________________

(1)     In constant reais of December 31, 2000.
(2)     Average rates, net of value-added taxes.
(3)     Average rates for local telephone service decreased slightly in 2000 mostly due to the monetary restatement into constant reais of December 31, 2000.
(4)     Year 2000 information includes the rates of CRT.
(5)     Pursuant to Brazilian GAAP, 2001 and 2002 financial information is not restated in constant reais.

       As of June 28, 2002, the date of the last tariff adjustment, we charged an installation fee ranging from R$12.63 to R$69.70 (depending on the state) for the installation of a new line and a fee of R$81.74 when a customer changes addresses.

Intraregional Long-Distance Rates

       Rates for intraregional long-distance calls are computed on the basis of the time of day, and day of the week, duration and distance of the call and also vary depending on whether special services, such as operator assistance, are used. The following table sets forth selected information regarding our domestic long-distance rates during the periods indicated.

  Year ended December 31,
  2000(1)(3)(4)
2001(5)
2002(5)
Domestic long-distance rates(2):   (reais)  
0 to 50 km 0.39 0.47 0.50
50 to 100 km 0.59 0.70 0.73
100 to 300 km 0.90 0.81 0.85
Over 300 km 0.96 1.07 1.12
___________________________

(1)     In constant reais of December 31, 2000.
(2)     Average rates for a domestic long-distance call (interstate), three minutes in duration between the hours of 9 a.m. and noon and 2 p.m. and 6 p.m. (peak hours) on weekdays, net of value-added taxes.
(3)     Rates for intraregional long-distance decreased slightly in 2000 mostly due to the monetary restatement into constant reais of December 31, 2000.
(4)     Year 2000 information includes the rates of CRT.
(5)     Pursuant to Brazilian GAAP, 2001 and 2002 financial information is not restated in constant reais.

Network Usage Charges

       Our revenue from network services consists primarily of two basic categories: (1) payments from other telecommunications service providers on a per-minute basis to complete calls using our network, and (2) fixed payments from other telecommunications service providers on a contractual basis to use part of our network. The network usage charge varies depending on whether the telecommunications service provider uses our local or long-distance network. Similarly, we pay other fixed-line and cellular service providers a network usage charge to complete calls on their networks. The terms and conditions of interconnection are freely negotiated between the parties, subject to approval by Anatel. We are required to make our network available for interconnection whenever demanded by any other telecommunications provider, if technically possible, on an equal and non-discriminatory basis.

       Cellular telecommunications service in Brazil, unlike in North America, is offered on a “calling party pays” basis. Under the policy of calling party pays, a cellular service subscriber generally pays cellular usage charges only for calls made by the cellular service subscriber and not for calls received. In addition, a subscriber pays roaming charges on calls made or received outside his or her home registration area. Calls received by a cellular service subscriber are paid for by the party that places the call in accordance with a rate based on cellular per-minute charges. For example, a fixed-line service customer pays a rate based on cellular per-minute charges for calls made to a cellular service subscriber. The cellular base rate per-minute charges are generally VC1 for local calls, VC2 for calls outside the cellular subscriber’s registration area but inside the region where the respective cellular provider provides service, and VC3 for calls outside the subscriber’s registration area and outside the region where the respective cellular provider provides service. We charge our fixed-line service customers per-minute charges based on either VC1, VC2, or VC3 rates when a fixed-line service customer calls a cellular subscriber. In turn, we pay the cellular service provider a mobile network usage charge for such calls.

       Our revenue from network services also includes payments from other telecommunications service providers arranged on a contractual basis to use part of our network. Other telecommunications service providers, such as providers of trunking and paging services, may use our network to connect a central switching station to our network. Some cellular service providers use our network to connect cellular central switching stations to the cellular radio base stations. We also lease transmission lines, certain infrastructure and other equipment to other providers of telecommunications services.

       The following table sets forth the average per-minute rates that we charged for network services during the indicated years.

  Year ended December 31,
  2000(1)(3)(4)
2001(5)
2002(5)
  (reais)(2)
Network usage rate (local) 0.044 0.050 0.051
Network usage rate (long-distance ) 0.078 0.082 0.086
Per minute charges for calls made to the cellular network:
VC1 0.287 0.306 0.335
VC2 0.546 0.626 0.694
VC3 0.585 0.689 0.764
________________________

(1)     In constant reais of December 31, 2000.
(2)     Net of value added taxes. Network usage rates (local and long-distance) refer to the rates that we charged.
(3)     Average rates in 2000 decreased slightly, mostly due to the monetary restatement into constant reais of December 31, 2000.
(4)     Year 2000 information includes the information of CRT.
(5)     Pursuant to Brazilian GAAP, 2001 and 2002 financial information is not restated in constant reais.

       As of June 24, 2001, the date of the last tariff adjustment, network usage rates for local and long-distance services were approximately R$0.0482 and R$0.0838, respectively. In December 2002, network usage rates for local services were adjusted by 1.65% and for long-distance services by 5.02%.

       In June 2001, Anatel authorized an average increase of approximately 10% for the TU-M (fixed-mobile interconnection tariff) throughout our region. In January 2002, the TU-M was adjusted, on average, by 10.6% in our concession area. In February 2003, the TU-M was adjusted, on average, by 21.99% in our concession area.

       On February 14, 2001, Anatel established new price caps for VC-1, VC-2 and VC-3 tariffs. The VC-1 tariff increased by 9.5% while the VC-2 and VC-3 tariffs each increased by approximately 7.5%, all net of value added taxes. In January 2002, the VC-1 tariff was adjusted by 9.9% and the VC-2 and VC-3 tariffs were adjusted by 8.8%. In February 2003, the VC-1 tariff was adjusted by 23.5% and the VC-2 and VC-3 tariffs were adjusted by 22%.

Data Transmission Rates

       The majority of revenue from data transmission services is generated by monthly line rental charges for private leased circuits. The balance consists mainly of nominal charges for access to the data transmission network and measured service charges based on the amount of data transmitted. The following table sets forth selected information about our average monthly line rental charges for private leased circuits service during the indicated years.

  Year ended December 31,
  2000(1)(3)
2001(4)
2002(4)
      (reais)
Average rates for monthly line rental per leased circuit:      
Local circuit
4.8 Kbps 174.49 174.50 254.75
9.6 Kbps 174.49 174.50 254.75
64Kbps 358.75 358.75 523.74
2Mbps 4,545.10 4,545.11 6,635.45
Long-distance circuit(2)
4.8 Kbps 750.00 750.00 1,094.93
9.6 Kbps 750.00 750.00 1,094.93
64Kbps 2,028.76 2,028.75 2,961.79
2Mbps 25,731.20 25,731.20 37,565.23
________________________

(1)     In constant reais of December 31, 2000.
(2)     Average of rates, net of value-added taxes, assuming a transmission distance between 300 and 500 kilometers and a three-year contract.
(3)     Average rates decreased slightly in 2000 mostly due to the monetary restatement into constant reais of December 31, 2000.
(4)     Pursuant to Brazilian GAAP, 2001 and 2002 financial information is not restated in constant reais.

       The table below sets forth the rates that we charged for ADSL services. These costs do not include the fees normally paid by customers to their internet service providers.

Residential Plans
Downstream/Upstream Speed
Monthly Subscription(1)
Turbo 300 Up to 300 Kbps/Up to 150 Kbps 71.92
Turbo 600 Up to 600 Kbps/Up to 300 Kbps 101.86
Mega Turbo Up to 1.0 Mbps/Up to 300 Kbps 184.16
 
Corporate Plans
Downstream/Upstream Speed
Monthly Subscription(1)
Rapido Up to 256 Kbps/Up to 128 Kbps 101.86
Super Rapido Up to 768 Kbps/Up to 128 Kbps 215.03
Profissional Up to 1.5 Mbps/Up to 256 Kbps 504.13
________________________

(1)     Monthly rates in reais, including value-added taxes.

Taxes on Telecommunications Services

       The cost of telecommunications services in Brazil includes a variety of taxes. The principal tax is a state value-added tax, the Imposto sobre Circulação Mercadorias e Serviços (“ICMS”), which Brazilian states impose at varying rates on the prices of telecommunications services. The current average ICMS tax rate for telecommunications services is 25%. However, the ICMS tax rate varies in some states. In the State of Acre, for example, the ICMS tax rate is 25%, while in the State of Mato Grosso the ICMS tax rate is 30%. In the State of Mato Grosso do Sul the ICMS tax rate is 27%, in the State of Goiás 26%, in the State of Paraná 27% and in the State of of Rondônia 35%.

       The telecommunications tax burden also includes four other federal taxes. The Social Contributions on Gross Revenue (“PIS” –Programa de Integração Social; and “COFINS” –Contribuição para Financiamento da Seguridade Social) are based on the company’s gross revenues. COFINS applies at a 3% tax rate and PIS applies at a 0.65% rate.

       The company may be subject to PIS at a 1.65% rate for services other than telecommunications services, and it may be entitled to PIS credits calculated on its costs and expenses to offset the PIS due on its gross revenue.

       The FUST and FUNTTEL are imposed on certain telecommunications services at the rates of 1% and 0.5%, respectively, of gross operating revenues net of certain deductions. See Item 10 “Additional Information—Taxation—Brazilian Tax Considerations—Other Brazilian Taxes.”

       In 2002, taxes on telecommunications services represented approximately 27.1% of our annual operating revenues.

Public Compromise for Tariff Reduction

       We have undertaken to make our best efforts to offer to our customers the lowest tariff available in our area of service, by offering either the lowest individual tariffs available for long-distance calls, or by offering tariff baskets providing greater savings for customers who choose our carrier selection code (“14”).

Billing and Collection

       We send each customer of local services, intraregional long-distance services and other services a monthly bill covering all the services provided during the prior period. We group our customers into six different cycles per month with six different payment dates. The telephone bill separately itemizes long-distance calls, calls made on a cellular telecommunications network, 800 and 900 services and other services such as call waiting, voice mail and call forwarding.

       For interregional and international long-distance services, customers receive separate monthly bills from each company that they choose to carry their long-distance call. Customer payments are effected under agreements with various banks or other alternative agents by debiting the customer’s checking account or by direct payment to a bank or an alternative agent.

       Pursuant to Brazilian law, subscribers must receive a bill at least five days before the due date. When a payment is not made by the due date, we must send to the customer a notice informing the customer that if payment is not made within 15 days after the due date outgoing service will be partially suspended and if payment is not made within 30 days after the due date all outgoing service will be suspended, and the customer will only be able to receive calls. If payment is not made within 45 days after the due date we will send another notice informing the customer that, if payment is not made within 60 days after the due date, all service will be suspended, the contract will be cancelled and the customer’s lack of payment will be notified to a credit agency.

       At December 31, 2002, approximately 7.1% of our customers’ account receivables were outstanding for more than 30 days, 4.0% of our customers’ account receivables were outstanding for more than 60 days, and 13.3% of our customers’ account receivables were outstanding for more than 90 days. For a discussion of provisions for past due accounts, See Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Operating Results.”

Network and Facilities

General

       Our network includes installed lines and exchanges, a network of access lines connecting customers to exchanges, trunk lines connecting exchanges and long-distance transmission equipment. At December 31, 2002, our regional telephone network included approximately 10.5 million installed lines, of which 9.5 million lines were in service. Of the lines in service at that time, approximately 72.5% were residential lines, 16.3% were commercial lines, 3.1% were public telephone lines and 8.1% were other. Intraregional long-distance transmission is provided by a microwave network and by fiber-optic cable.

       The following table sets forth combined information about our network for the periods indicated.

  At and for the year ended December 31,
  2000(1)
2001 
2002 
Installed access lines (millions) 9.0 10.0 10.5
Access lines in service (millions) 7.4 8.6 9.5
Average access lines in service for year ended (millions) 7.3 8.5 9.1
Lines in service per 100 inhabitants 19.2 21.5 23.1
Percentage of installed access lines connected to digital exchanges 93.1 97.3 99.0
 
Employees per 1,000 access lines installed 1.2 0.8 0.5
Number of public telephones (thousands) 219.5 285.7 293.3
________________________

(1)     The year 2000 figures include the combined consolidated information of CRT, as if the merger had occurred on July 31, 2000.

       We are required, under the Telecommunications Regulations and our concessions, to meet certain targets relating to network expansion and modernization. See “—History and Development of the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Obligations of Telecommunications Companies—Network Expansion—General Plan on Universal Service.”

Network Expansion

       During the fiscal year 2000, we embarked on an aggressive network expansion program, increasing lines in service by approximately 57.8% during this period from 4.2 million lines in service in 1999 to 7.4 million lines in service in 2000. During the fiscal year 2001, we slowed our aggressive network expansion program, only increasing lines in service by approximately 16%, from approximately 7.4 million in 2000 to 8.6 million in 2001, thereby increasing the telephone density in our region to 21.5 lines in service per 100 inhabitants. During the fiscal year 2002, we increased lines in service by approximately 10% from approximately 8.6 million in 2001 to 9.5 million in 2002, thereby increasing the telephone density in our region to 23.1 lines in service per 100 inhabitants.

Network Modernization

       As part of our network modernization program, we have continued to install digital exchanges throughout our network. Compared to the older analog technology, digital systems improve the quality and efficiency of the network, accommodate higher traffic levels, require less maintenance and permit us to offer a broad range of value added services, such as voice, text and data applications. At December 31, 2002, approximately 99.0% of our installed lines were connected to digital exchanges. Under the Telecommunications Regulations, our local network must be 99% digital by year-end 2005.

       In addition, as part of our network modernization program, we have continued to install fiber-optic cable throughout our network, completing the construction of our 11,000 kilometer fiber-optic backbone network, or Super Via Digital on December 31, 2000. At the end of 2003, we expect to have a total fiber-optic backbone network of 12,200 kilometers. Our backbone, which started operations on January 7, 2000, is based on Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (“SDH”) (digital communication through fiber-optics) and interconnects nine Brazilian states in our region (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Acre, Rondônia, Tocantins and Goiás), besides the Federal District. Our backbone is available for the transmission of voice, data, internet, high definition pictures at a speed of 2.5 Gbps, and supports about 540,000 simultaneous transmissions. The SDH has a back up and redundancy in the transmissions. In case of interruptions in a certain sector, the calls are automatically diverted to an alternate route. We have a centralized manager system to monitor failures, performance and configuration of the network. The database also has a surplus of servers in order to assure the backup of the equipment (Service Guard).

Competition

       We operate in the local, intrastate and interstate fixed-line telecommunications as well as in the data communication markets in our region. We are not authorized to operate in the interregional or international long-distance markets, nor in the cellular market. However, we are authorized to complete calls from long-distance and cellular providers to our fixed line subscribers.

Local Services

       Currently, we are the dominant local fixed-line telecommunication services provider in our region, with an estimated 96.5% market share. Global Village Telecom is our sole competitor in providing local fixed-line telecommunications services in our region. Global Village Telecom is a newly created telecommunications company that began operating in November of 2000.

       In the short-term, we could lose market share in the provision of local fixed-line telecommunications services as additional competitors are allowed to enter the fixed-line market in our region. See “—History and Development of the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry.” To date, Telesp, Telemar, Embratel and Intelig have been granted permission by Anatel to provide local telecommunications services in our region.

       After December 31, 2003, we expect to be able to counteract losses in market share in the local fixed-line market by providing telecommunication services in other regions. See “—History and Development of the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Concessions and Licenses.” However, since we have no control over when the other public regime concessionaires in our region will meet their year 2003 universalization and network expansion obligations, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to offer interregional and international long-distance telecommunication services prior to December 31, 2003. This could have a material adverse effect on our market share, margins, results of operations and financial condition. See Item 3 “Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Company—We may not be timely certified by Anatel regarding the accomplishment of certain targets relating to the universalization, expansion and modernization of our network.”

Intraregional (Intrastate and Interstate) Long-Distance Service

       We are currently the dominant intrastate and interstate long-distance telecommunication services provider in our region, with an estimated 86.5% intrastate and an estimated 73.0% interstate market share. See Item 4 “Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company—Historical Background—History of Our Company.” Global Village Telecom, Intelig and Embratel are our competitors in providing intrastate and interstate long-distance telecommunication services in our region. The licenses awarded to Embratel, Intelig and Global Village Telecom are not subject to the same service quality and network expansion and modernization obligations that we are subject to under our concessions.

       In the short-term, we expect to lose market share in the provision of intraregional long-distance telecommunications services as additional competitors are allowed to enter the market. To date, Telesp, Albra Telecomunicações Ltda, TIM and Global Village Telecom Ltda. have been granted permission by Anatel to provide intraregional, interregional and international telecommunications services in our region. TNL PCS S.A. has been granted permission by Anatel to provide intraregional and interregional telecommunications services in our region. See Item 3 “Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—We face increasing competition in the Brazilian telecommunications industry. This may have a material adverse effect on our market share, margins, results of operations and financial condition.”

       After December 31, 2003, we expect to be able to counteract losses in market share in the intraregional market by providing telecommunication services in other regions. See “—History and Development of the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Concessions and Licenses.” However, since we have no control over when the other public regime concessionaires in our region will meet their year 2003 universalization and network expansion obligations, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to offer interregional and international long-distance telecommunication services prior to December 31, 2003. This could have a material adverse effect on our market share, margins, results of operations and financial condition. See Item 3 “Key Information—Risk factors—Risks Relating to Our Company—We may not be timely certified by Anatel regarding the accomplishment of certain targets relating to the universalization, expansion and modernization of our network.”

Interregional and International Service

       We are currently not authorized to provide interregional or international long-distance services. Interregional long-distance service consists of calls between a point within our region and a point in Brazil outside of our region. International long-distance service consists of calls between a point within a region and a point outside of Brazil. We could obtain authorization to provide interregional and international long-distance service, provided that we and all of the other public regime concessionaires providing telecommunications services in our region have met the universalization and network expansion targets set forth in our respective concessions. See “—History and Development of the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Obligations of Telecommunications Companies.”

       However, since we have no control over when the other public regime concessionaires in our region will meet their year 2003 universalization and network expansion obligations, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to offer interregional and international long-distance telecommunication services prior to December 31, 2003. In addition, Telesp, Albra Telecomunicações Ltda, TIM and Global Village Telecom Ltda. have been granted permission by Anatel to provide intraregional, interregional and international telecommunications services in our region. TNL PCS S.A. has been granted permission by Anatel to provide intraregional and interregional telecommunications services in our region. CTBC has been granted permission by Anatel to provide interregional and international telecommunications services in certain cities located in our region. This could have a material adverse effect on our market share, margins, results of operations and financial condition. See Item 3 “Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Company—We may not be timely certified by Anatel regarding the accomplishment of certain targets relating to the universalization, expansion and modernization of our network.”

Data Communications Services

       The Latin American data market is currently benefiting from a technological gap that has helped Latin American operators to provide the latest technologies that have evolved in mature markets such as Europe and the United States.

       In the short-term, we expect demand for high speed data transmission services in Brazil to increase marginally. In the medium-term, we expect demand for high speed data transmission in Brazil to increase substantially, due in large part to the technological gap existing in Brazil, increased demand for bandwidth and lower prices per Mbps.In the short-term, we expect to maintain our market position in the high-speed data transmission market, by leveraging our existing infrastructure, which includes an 11,000 km fiber-optic backbone network. In the medium-term, we expect to increase our revenues from high-speed data transmission, once the existing glut of capacity diminishes and demand for bandwidth expands.

       In 2001, we sought to offer our customers secure and reliable data transmission services at increased speeds by offering a broad range of IP, Frame Relay, ATM and VPN services. Currently, we provide high-speed data transmission services to large financial institutions such as Banco do Brasil, S.A., Banco Bradesco S.A., Caixa Econômica Federaland internet service providers such as IG.

       In March 2001 we introduced Turbo ADSL internet services in 18 cities throughout Brazil, for high-speed-controlled quality internet access. This service allows for a simultaneous access to data and voice transmissions at speeds 30 times faster than a conventional modem. As of the end of 2001, over 40 thousand of our customers had subscribed to Turbo ADSL internet services.

       In 2001, we also set up Cyber Data Centers (CyDC), in order to offer secure data storage services to our customers. Our first Cyber Data Center was opened in the city of Curitiba on December 18, 2001, followed by Cyber Data Centers in the cities of Porto Alegre and Brasilia. Our Cyber Data Centers are designed to provide uninterrupted hosting, collocation, data storage and connectivity services 365 days a year.

       In January 2002, we linked two Brazilian Central Bank data centers through our network in partnership with Adva Optical of Germany thereby increasing our data transmission volume. This was the first time in Brazil that a storage networking project of this size was undertaken in Brazil. Our successful completion of this project has helped us to further increase our data transmission volume, as well as gain additional government customers like DataPrev, BR Distribuidora, Petrobras, Eletrosul, Eletronorte, Agência Nacional de Águas (Ana), the National Electrical Energy Agency (Aneel), the Chamber of Deputies, Prodasen, the Federal Senate of Brazil, Serpro, the Office of the President of the Republic of Brazil, and the Industry and Commerce, Defense, Treasury, Labor and Employment, Communications, Environment, Foreign Affairs and Aeronautic ministries.

       In 2002, the operation of BrTurbo was divided into two main phases: (i) the consolidation of the brand and introduction of a 100% broadband portal; and (ii) the redesign of the website portal and the introduction of new broadband content, with contents such as live transmission of news, entertainment channels, video channels with short-length feature films and documentaries and an exclusive on-line games channel. In November, BrTurbo launched TurboMeeting service, which allows two-line video-conferences. As a result, the average daily audience increased from 1.5 million hits in January 2002 to 7.5 million hits in December 2002.

       BrTurbo was the leader in terms of number of active clients among the providers operating high-speed access services based on ADSL technology in Brasil Telecom’s concession area. At December 31, 2002, it had 54,700 clients. About 39% of Brasil Telecom’s Turbo clients use BrTurbo as an internet access provider.

       In 2002, BrTurbo also implemented a strategy aimed at catering to corporate clients, particularly small and medium-sized companies and SOHO. As part of this strategy, it launched BrTData, a portal which offers space for backup and storage of information, e-mail accounts and publication of internet sites. We also won the bid by the Post Office (ECT) to provide permanent electronic addresses, a project to supply of 4.2 million e-mail addresses on a free basis within four years. Once implemented, it will be the largest electronic mailbox system in Latin America.

Internet Services

       In October 2001, we formed BrT Serviços de Internet S.A. (a wholly-owned subsidiary) in order to centralize the provision of our internet services into one entity. Through BrTi we launched BrTurbo.com, a broadband internet portal based on ADSL technology. In the fourth quarter of 2001, BrTurbo.com attracted approximately 35% of all new broadband internet subscribers within our region. In addition to multi-player online games, videos, and live and recorded sports and social events, BrTurbo.com offers one (1) gigabyte personal data backup services, 3D on-line chat services and other internet services. In 2001, for example, BrTurbo.com established a partnership with Globo.com for the live internet broadcast of the reality show, Big Brother Brasil. This was the first transmission of a mass audience television program through the World Wide Web in Brazil.

       In January 2002, BrTurbo.com began offering, in partnership with Microsoft, a new type of internet service aimed at the corporate market: the Office XP on-line application, designed to satisfy the needs of both small offices and large companies.

       On November 15, 2002 we entered into a Share Purchase Agreement with certain affiliates of GlobeNet Communications Group Ltd. for the acquisition of the Globenet Cable System, interlinking connection points in the New York and Florida areas to connection points in Fortaleza and Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), St David’s (Bermuda) and Caracas (Venezuela) through fiber-optic submarine cables. The acquisition is being carried out by BrTi. The value of the transaction is US$48.0 million of which US$28.8 million was paid on the closing date, June 11, 2003, and the balance of US$19.2 million will be paid in eighteen monthly installments following the initial payment.

       On February 18, 2003, we announced the acquisition of 19.9% of the capital of MTH do Brasil Ltda., a company that holds 99.99% of the capital of MetroRED, for US$17.0 million. In addition, we hold an option to purchase the remaining 80.1% of the capital of MTH for US$51.0 million, which can only be exercised after certification by Anatel of compliance with the 2003 targets stipulated in our concession contracts. MetroRED will allow Brasil Telecom to continue its strategy of positioning itself as market leader in the corporate date transmission services segment. MetroRED’s data transport network is complementary to that of Brasil Telecom and has significant network capillarity in the three principal corporate markets outside Region 2 — São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte. The system has 331 kilometers of local network and 1,486 kilometers of long-distance network, connecting these cities. MetroRED also has an Internet Solutions Center occupying 3,500 square meters in São Paulo, which offers co-location and hosting services, among others. In addition to this, it has a management team with a wide and in-depth knowledge of the markets of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte.

Sales Channels and Marketing

       We have improved our sales channels in order to render specialized customer services in different niches and sectors of our market, but primarily in the corporate market.

       We have increased our use of direct marketing in conjunction with active and receptive telemarketing as a way of targeting our market sectors (residential, commercial and corporate). At the same time, we have developed a complete portfolio of products and services, such as SLDD, Frame Relay, ATM, IP WAN, Dedicated IP, Light IP and DialNet, to meet the needs of our customers.

       We have rationalized our call center structure, by merging our 30 pre-existing sites into four sites (Goiânia, Campo Grande, Florianópolis and Curitiba) while improving the level of service. In order to reduce further overlapping costs, we have closed most of our stores and centralized our customer service into the call centers.

       In an effort to improve service to our corporate customers, we have created a corporate call center to service corporate customers. In addition, we have increased use of third party providers, accredited by us, as a way of reducing overhead costs and targeting small and medium-sized companies, in order to render more specialized customer services to them.

       We have also developed and improved our website, in an effort to deliver some of our services online. Currently, customers are able to access over 16 different types of services online, including: registration for the purchase of a telephone line, issuance of a second copy of a bill, consultation of a detailed and summarized bill, download of a bill, verification of receipt of payment, and requests for repairs.

Intellectual Property

       Our business is not heavily dependent on the development and exploitation of proprietary technology. We conduct research and development in the areas of telecommunications services, but do not independently develop any new telecommunications technology.

       Since prior to the breakup of Telebrás, our company, as well as each of the other operating subsidiaries of Telebrás, have contributed to the Center, a research and development center formerly operated by Telebrás which develops telecommunications technology in Brazil. Pursuant to our arrangement with the Center, we have access to telecommunications software developed by the Center and other technological services provided by the Center, such as equipment testing and consulting and training services. In addition to the Center, we also depend on manufacturers of telecommunications products for the development of new hardware and new telecommunications technologies. See Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Research and Development.” and “—History and Development of the Company—Capital Expenditures—Research and Development.”

Organizational Structure

       We are structured as a consolidated operational company with two wholly-owned subsidiaries, BrT Serviços de Internet S.A. and Brasil Telecom Celular S.A. At the Brasil Telecom S.A. level, we are subdivided into ten operational branches, one for each of the states of Tocantins, Goiás, Acre, Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, and the Federal District.

       These branches provide the following fixed-line telecommunications services: (i) local services, including all calls that originate and terminate within a single local area in our region, as well as, installation, monthly subscription, public telephones and supplemental local services, (ii) intrastate long-distance services, including calls between local areas within a state in our region, (iii) interstate long-distance services, which are limited to calls between states in our region, (iv) network services, including interconnection, leasing of facilities and fixed-to-mobile services, (v) data transmission services, and (vi) other services.

       BrT Serviços de Internet S.A., one of our subsidiaries, provides a variety of broadband internet services through BrTurbo.com, a broadband internet portal based on ADSL technology. See Item 4 “Information on the Company—Business Overview—Competition—Internet Services.”Brasil Telecom Celular S.A., our other subsidiary, will only be able to be operational after we receive certification from Anatel regarding the fulfillment of the 2003 targets set out in our PCS authorization contracts.

Property, Plant and Equipment

       Our principal properties consist of transmission equipment (including outside plant and trunk lines), exchange equipment and switching equipment. Our land and buildings consist principally of our telephone exchanges and other technical, administrative and commercial properties. Exchanges include local exchanges, “toll” exchanges that connect local exchanges to long-distance transmission facilities and “tandem” exchanges that connect local exchanges with each other and with toll exchanges.

       Our properties are located in the states of Acre, Rondônia, Goiás, Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul, as well as in the Federal District. The buildings used by our management are primarily located in the capital cities of these states. At December 31, 2002, we made use of approximately 5,136 properties, which 3,264 were owned by our company and 1,872 were leased from third parties.

       As of December 31, 2002, the net book value of our property, plants and equipment was approximately R$11,455 million (which includes automatic switching, transmission and other equipment, buildings and other fixed assets net of accumulated depreciation and work-in-progress regarding the same).

Environmental and Other Regulatory Matters

       We, like other Brazilian telephone companies, are subject to federal, state and municipal environmental legislation and regulation. Our failure to comply with applicable environmental laws could result in administrative, civil and criminal sanctions against us.

       As part of our day-to-day operations, we regularly install ducts for wires and cables and erect towers for transmission antennae. We may be subject to federal, state and/or municipal environmental licensing requirements due to our installation of cables along highways and railroads, over bridges, rivers and marshes, and through farms, conservation units and environmental preservation areas, among other places. Currently, state and municipal environmental agencies in the states within the region have not demanded that we obtain environmental licenses for the installation of transmission towers and antennae. However, there can be no assurances that state and municipal environmental agencies will not require us to obtain environmental licenses for the installation of transmission towers and antennae in the future and that such a requirement would not have a material adverse effect on the installation costs of our network or on the speed with which we can expand and modernize our network.

       We also have to comply with environmental legislation regarding the management of solid wastes. According to CONAMA Resolution No. 237 of 1997, companies responsible for the treatment and final disposal of solid industrial wastes, special wastes and solid urban wastes are subject to environmental licensing. Should the waste not be disposed of in accordance with standards established by environmental legislation, the company generating such waste may be held jointly liable for any damage caused with the company responsible for treatment of the waste. In the states of Santa Catarina, Paraná e Mato Grosso, we have already implemented management procedures aimed at the recycling of batteries, transformers and fluorescent lamps. During the current year those management practices will also be implemented in the other states.

       In addition, since July 1999 we have been subject, on a provisional basis, to the ICNIRP, which imposes limits on the levels and frequency of the electromagnetic fields originating from our telecommunications transmissions stations.

       Notwithstanding the foregoing, we believe that we are in compliance with ICNIRP standards as well as with all applicable environmental legislation and regulations. We are currently not involved in any administrative or judicial proceeding involving material liability for environmental damage.

ITEM 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

Operating Results

       The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Financial Statements and notes, which are included elsewhere in this Annual Report. Certain important features of the presentation of our Financial Statements are described in the introduction to “Selected financial data.” See Item 3 “Key Information—Selected Financial Data.”

Effects of Changes in Rates and Changes in Revenue Sharing

       There were several major changes in the structure of telecommunications rates that affected our results in 2000, 2001 and 2002.

Rate Rebalancing

       Charges for local and non-local services changed substantially from 2000 to 2002. In 2000, Anatel authorized us to adjust the tariffs for our basket of local services, on average, by approximately 13%. In June 2001, Anatel authorized us to adjust the tariffs for our basket of local services, on average, by approximately 10%. In June 2002, Anatel again authorized us to adjust the tariffs for our basket of local services, on average, by approximately 8%. These rate changes had a positive effect on revenues from local service due to an increase in tariffs for our local basket of services.

Elimination of Embratel Revenue-Sharing

       Since July 13, 1998, we have been receiving interconnection fees from Embratel on a per-minute basis for interregional and international calls carried by Embratel that are initiated or completed on our fixed-line network. We also receive a supplemental per-minute charge from Embratel in order to reduce the impact of the discontinuation of the revenue-sharing arrangement (Parcela Adicional de Transição — the “PAT”). From April 1998 through December 1998, the fixed PAT amount was R$0.025 per minute, including PIS and COFINS. The PAT was completely phased out in 2001. See Item 4 “Information on the Company—Business Overview—Services—Interregional and International Service.” These changes had an adverse impact on our revenues in 2001.

Interconnection Fees

       With respect to revenues, we receive interconnection fees from mobile, local and long-distance operators that use our network to complete their calls. Interconnection fees are set by Anatel. The interconnection rate for the use of local networks (Tarifa de Uso de Rede Local — TU-RL) increased by 8.58% and 1.65% in 2001 and 2002, respectively, while the interconnection rate for the use of long-distance network (Tarifa de Uso de Rede Interurbana — TU-RIU) increased by 7.76% and 5.02% in 2001 and 2002, respectively. In December 2002 Anatel approved the 5.02% increase, retroactive to June 2002.

       With respect to costs, we pay interconnection fees for using other companies’ networks to complete our clients’ calls. To complete a fixed-to-mobile call, we pay an interconnection fee for the use of the mobile network (Tarifa de Uso Móvel — TU-M / Valor de Uso Móvel — VU-M), which fee increased by 13% and 11.0% in 2001 and 2002. To complete a fixed-to-fixed call, we also pay an interconnection fee for the use of local networks (TU-RL), and an interconnection fee for the use of long distance networks (TU-RIU).

Effects of Changes in Presentation of our Financial Statements in 2000

       There are significant differences in presentation between our Financial Statements for the year 2000 and those of prior years. Each of these differences should be taken into account in comparing our financial condition and results of operations for the year 2000 and prior years.

Merger of the Operating Subsidiaries of Telebras

       On February 28, 2000, we reorganized our corporate structure and merged with Telesc, Telegoiás, Telebrasília, Telemat, Telems, Teleron, Teleacre and CTMR. This reorganization was accounted for as a pooling of interest, since all of the entities with which we merged were under the common control of Brasil Telecom Participações, our parent company. As a result, our financial information, for the periods before the merger, is presented on a combined basis as if our merger with these entities had occurred as of January 1, 1996.

Acquisition and Merger of CRT

       On July 31, 2000, we signed a contract for the purchase of all of the shares of TBS, a company that held 85.19% of the voting capital of CRT, representing 31.56% of the share capital of CRT. Under such agreement, Brasil Telecom Participações agreed to acquire 1.17% and we agreed to acquire 98.83% of the share capital of TBS.

       On August 4, 2000, the acquisition of CRT took place and Brasil Telecom Participações and our company paid approximately R$17.8 million and R$1.50 billion, respectively, for the share capital of TBS. The aggregate purchase price for CRT included goodwill of approximately R$820.5 million at the time of the acquistion.

       On December 28, 2000, we merged with CRT. Our merger with CRT was not accounted for as a pooling of interest. As a result, our financial information for the year 2000 is presented on a combined consolidated basis as if the merger of CRT into our company had occurred on July 31, 2000.

Reduction of Depreciation Schedules for Telecommunication Equipment

       During our fiscal year 1999, we shortened our depreciation schedule for our automatic switching and transmission equipment from thirteen years and ten years, respectively, to five years, in order to reflect better the estimated useful life of this equipment in light of rapidly changing technology and industry practices. See “—Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002 —Cost of Services—Depreciation and Amortization.”

Indexation for Inflation

       Our financial statements for the year 2000 are prepared on a fully indexed basis to recognize the effects of inflation, and are presented in constant reais of December 31, 2000. Pursuant to Brazilian GAAP, our audited financial statements for the years 2001 and 2002 do not recognize the effects of inflation and are not presented in constant reais. See Note 2b to our Financial Statements.

Effects of Changes in Presentation of Our Financial Information for 2001 and 2002

       There are significant differences in presentation between our Financial Statements for the years 2001 and 2002 and that of prior years. Each of these differences should be taken into account in comparing our financial condition and results of operations for the years 2001 and 2002 and prior years.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

       Our company provides an allowance for doubtful accounts for accounts receivable for which recoverability is considered doubtful. Through 2000, we calculated the allowance by applying the ratio of actual losses during the previous year (write-offs to gross revenues) to amounts overdue up to 90 days. For accounts over 90 days, we determined the allowance based on our historical experience on such accounts. As of 2001, we based our estimate on our historical collection experience and a review of the current status of all trade accounts receivable. This estimate considers the ratio of historical losses applied to the different categories of all outstanding amounts due from our customers.

Political, Economic, Regulatory and Competitive Factors

       The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the “Business Overview” section included in Item 4 “Information on the Company.” As set forth in greater detail below, our financial condition and results of operations are significantly affected by Brazilian telecommunications regulations, including the regulation of tariffs. See Item 4 “Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry” and Item 4 “Information on the Company—Business Overview.” Our financial condition and net income have also been, and are expected to continue to be, affected by the political and economic environment in Brazil. In particular, our financial performance will be affected by:

       We are the dominant provider of local fixed-line telecommunications services and intrastate fixed-line telecommunications services in our region. As of July 1999, Embratel and Intelig were authorized to and began to provide intrastate long-distance services in our region, thereby increasing competition for us. In 2000, Global Village Telecom began to provide local and intrastate fixed-line telecommunications services in our region. To date, Telemar, Embratel and Intelig have been granted permission by Anatel to provide local telecommunications services in our region. Telesp, Albra Telecomunicações Ltda., TIM and Global Village Telecom have been granted permission by Anatel to provide intraregional, interregional and international telecommunications services in our region. TNL PCS S.A. has been granted permission by Anatel to provide intraregional and interregional telecommunications services in our region. CTBC has been granted permission by Anatel to provide interregional and international telecommunications services in certain cities located in our region. See Item 3 “Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—We face increasing competition in the Brazilian telecommunications industry. This may have a material adverse effect on our market share, results of operations and financial condition.”

Foreign Exchange and Interest Rate Exposure

       We face foreign exchange risk because most of our equipment costs are denominated in U.S. dollars. Our current cost of financing, however, is not materially exposed to exchange rate risk. At December 31, 2002, approximately 6.8% of our indebtedness, or approximately R$343.8 million, was denominated in U.S. dollars. At December 31, 2002, we hedged approximately 38.1% of our indebtedness in foreign currency. The remaining balance, which is not hedged, represented approximately 61.9% (R$212.8 million) of our indebtedness. For the year ended December 31, 2002, losses on foreign currency and monetary restatement amounted to approximately R$152.7 million. See Item 11 “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk—Exchange Rate Risk.”

       We are exposed to interest rate risk as a consequence of our floating rate debt. At December 31, 2002, 93% of our reais-denominated interest-bearing liabilities bore interest at floating rates. We have not entered into derivative contracts or made other arrangements to hedge against this risk. Accordingly, if market interest rates (principally the TJLP (the Brazilian federal long-term interest rate (the “TJLP”)), and the CDI (the Brazilian interbank deposit rate (the “CDI”)) rise, our financing expenses will increase. Furthermore, at December 31, 2002, approximately 4.0% of our total debt bore interest at floating rates based on LIBOR.

U.S.GAAP Reconciliation

       We prepare our Financial Statements in accordance with Brazilian GAAP, which differ in certain significant respects from U.S. GAAP. The following table sets forth a comparison of our net income (loss) and shareholders’ equity in accordance with Brazilian GAAP and U.S. GAAP as of the dates and for the periods indicated:

  At and for the year ended December 31,
  2000(1)
2001(2)
2002(2)
  (thousands of reais)
Net income (loss) in accordance with:
Brazilian GAAP 117,375  (207,478) (11,619)
U.S. GAAP 7,096  (169,716) 317,280 
Shareholders' equity in accordance with:
Brazilian GAAP 8,748,389  7,976,302  7,623,790 
U.S. GAAP 8,216,995  7,834,741  7,812,024 
________________________

(1)     Presented in constant reais of December 31, 2000.
(2)     Pursuant to Brazilian GAAP, our audited financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 do not recognize the effects of inflation and are not restated in constant reais.

       See Note 30 to our Financial Statements for a description of the principal differences between Brazilian GAAP and U.S. GAAP as they relate to us, and a reconciliation of net income (loss) and shareholders’ equity for the dates and periods indicated therein.

Critical Accounting Policies

       We prepare our Financial Statements in accordance with Brazilian GAAP reconciled to U.S. GAAP. As such, we are required to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that we believe are reasonable based upon the information available. These estimates, judgments and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the dates of the Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. The significant accounting policies which we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results include the following:

Goodwill Impairment

       Under Brazilian GAAP, goodwill represents the difference between historical book value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the purchase price, and it is amortized over the estimated period over which the company expects to benefit from the goodwill. The length of this period is determined based on the value attributed by management for the payment of goodwill. Any impairment is measured to the extent that the unamortized balance of goodwill exceeds the expected future profits of the business.

       Under US GAAP, goodwill represents the excess of costs over fair value of assets of businesses acquired. The company adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, as of January 1, 2002. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a purchase business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but instead tested for impairment at least annually in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 142. SFAS No. 142 also requires that intangible assets with estimable useful lives be amortized over their respective estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values, and reviewed for impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 144, Accounting for Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.

       In connection with SFAS No. 142‘s transitional goodwill impairment evaluation, the Statement required the company to perform an assessment of whether there was an indication that goodwill is impaired as of the date of adoption. To accomplish this, we were required to identify our reporting units and determine the carrying value of each reporting unit by assigning the assets and liabilities, including the existing goodwill and intangible assets, to those reporting units as of January 1, 2002. we were required to determine the fair value of each reporting unit and compare it to the carrying amount of the reporting unit within six months of January 1, 2002. To the extent the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeded the fair value of the reporting unit, we would be required to perform the second step of the transitional impairment test, as this would be an indication that the reporting unit goodwill may be impaired.

       Under the terms of the operating concessions granted by the Federal Government, we are obliged to provide a certain minimum level of services over the entire area covered by our operating licenses. Also, we do not possess specific financial information to determine an allocation of assets and liabilities in a level below the consolidated business nor do we manage different areas of the concession as if they were separate businesses and we have therefore considered the entire business to be one reporting unit. In viewing all of our assets and liabilities as one reporting unit and performing an initial assessment on this reporting unit as to whether there was an indication that goodwill is impaired (based on a valuation performed by an independent third party), the second step of the transitional impairment test was not required. Consequently, we were not required to recognize an impairment loss.

       Prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 142, for US GAAP purposes goodwill was amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected periods to be benefited, and assessed for recoverability by determining whether the amortization of the goodwill balance over its remaining life could be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows of the acquired operation. All other intangible assets were amortized on a straight-line basis. The amount of goodwill and other intangible asset impairment, if any, was measured based on projected discounted future operating cash flows using a discount rate reflecting our average cost of funds.

Revenue Recognition

       Under Brazilian GAAP and U.S. GAAP, revenues from customer calls are based on time used, according to Brazilian law, and recognized when services are provided. Considering their high turnover and average short life, under Brazilian GAAP revenues from pre-paid phone cards for public telephones are recorded as the cards are sold. Under U.S. GAAP, revenues from sales of such pre-paid phone cards are recognized as the cards are used. Deferred revenues are determined based upon estimates of sold but unused public phone card credits outstanding as of each balance sheet date. Under Brazilian GAAP, revenues from activation and installation fees are recognized upon activation of customer services. Under U.S. GAAP, revenues and related taxes from activation and installation fees are deferred and amortized over five years, the estimated average customer life. Should changes in conditions cause management to determine these criteria are not met for certain future transactions, revenue recognized for any reporting period could be adversely affected.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

       Under Brazilian GAAP and U.S. GAAP, we provide an allowance for doubtful accounts for accounts receivables for which recoverability is considered doubtful. Through 2000, we calculated the allowance by applying the ratio of actual losses during the previous year (write-offs to gross revenues) to amounts overdue up to 90 days. For accounts over 90 days, we determined the allowance based on our historical experience on such accounts. Effective as from 2001, we based our estimate on our historical collection experience and a review of the current status of all trade accounts receivable. This estimate considers the ratio of historical losses applied to the different categories of all outstanding amounts due from our customers. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required.

Depreciation of Property, Plant and Equipment

       Under Brazilian GAAP and U.S. GAAP, depreciation of property, plant and equipment is provided using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the underlying assets and in accordance with tax rules. The principal depreciation rates are shown in Note 16 to the Financial Statements. Beginning in 1999, we shortened our depreciation schedule for our automatic switching and transmission equipment from thirteen years and ten years, respectively, to five years, in order to reflect better the estimated useful life of this equipment in light of rapidly changing technology and industry practices. Given the complex nature of our property, plant and equipment, the estimates of useful lives require considerable judgment and are inherently uncertain. If we materially changed our assumptions of useful lives, our depreciation expense and net book value of our property, plant and equipment could be materially different.

Provisions for Contingencies

       Under Brazilian GAAP and U.S. GAAP, provisions for contingencies are recognized for the amounts of probable losses based on legal advice and management’s opinion of the outstanding matters at the balance sheet date. We continually evaluate the provision for contingencies based on changes in the relevant facts and circumstances and events that may impact the estimates. While management believes that the current provision for contingencies is adequate, there can be no assurance that these factors will not change in future periods.

Deferred Income Taxes

       Under Brazilian GAAP and U.S. GAAP, we recognized deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. We regularly review the deferred tax assets for recoverability and establish a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized, based on historical taxable income, projected future taxable income, and the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences. If we continue to operate at a loss or are unable to generate sufficient future taxable income, or if there is a material change in the actual effective tax rates or time period within which the underlying temporary differences become taxable or deductible, we could be required to establish a valuation allowance against all or a significant portion of our deferred tax assets resulting in a substantial increase in our effective tax rate and a material adverse impact on our operating results.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

       In June 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities. SFAS No. 146 addresses financial accounting and reporting for costs associated with exit or disposal activities and nullifies Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue 94-3, Liability Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an Activity. The provisions of this Statement are effective for exit or disposal activities that are initiated after December 31, 2002, with early application encouraged. The adoption of SFAS No. 146 is not expected to have a material effect on the company’s financial statements.

       In November 2002, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 45, Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness to Others, an interpretation of FASB Statements No. 5, 57 and 107 and a rescission of FASB Interpretation No. 34. This Interpretation elaborates on the disclosures to be made by a guarantor in its interim and annual financial statements about its obligations under guarantees issued. The Interpretation also clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize, at inception of a guarantee, a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken. The initial recognition and measurement provisions of the Interpretation are applicable to guarantees issued or modified after December 31, 2002 and are not expected to have a material effect on the company’s financial statements. The disclosure requirements are effective for financial statements of interim or annual periods ending after December 15, 2002.

Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002

       The following table sets forth certain components of our net income, as well as the percentage change from the prior year, for 2000, 2001 and 2002.

  Year ended December 31,
Percentage change
  2000(1)
2001(2) (3)
2002(2)
2000-2001
2001-2002
  (thousands of reais, except percentages)
 
Net operating revenues 4,652,184  6,158,408  7,071,368  32.4 14.8
Cost of services 3,774,109 
 4,798,434 
 5,163,861 
 27.1 7.6
Gross profit 878,075  1,359,974  1,907,507  54.9 40.3
Operating expenses 834,400  1,386,229  1,305,939  66.1 (5.8)
Operating income (loss) before net financial
expense (income) 43,675  (26,255) 601,568  N/A  N/A 
Net financial expense 5,577 
 236,357 
 618,899 
 4,138.1 161.8
Operating income (loss) 38,098  (262,612) (17,331) N/A  93.4
Net non-operating expenses (income) (3,970) 93,071  64,497  N/A  (30.7)
Employees' profit share 18,516 
 50,834 
 41,387 
 174.5 (18.6)
Income (loss) before taxes and minority interests 23,552  (406,517) (123,215) N/A  69.7
Income and social contribution taxes (credits).. (16,218)
 (199,039)
 (111,596)
 1,127.3 43.9
Income (loss) before minority interests 39,770  (207,478) (11,619) N/A  94.4
Minority interests 77,605 
 - 
 - 
 N/A  N/A 
Net income (loss) 117,375 
 (207,478)
 (11,619)
 N/A  94.4
________________________

(1)     Presented in constant reais of December 31, 2000, on a combined consolidated basis for the year 2000, as if our merger with Telesc, Telegoiás, Telebrasília, Telemat, Telems, Teleron, Teleacre and CTMR had occurred as of January 1, 1996 and as if our merger with CRT had occurred on July 31, 2000.
(2)     Pursuant to Brazilian GAAP our audited financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 no longer recognize the effects of inflation and are not restated in constant reais. Presented on a consolidated basis for the years 2001 and 2002.
(3)     Certain amounts were reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.

Net Operating Revenues

       We generate operating revenues from:

       Gross operating revenues are offset by value-added and other indirect taxes and discounts to customers. The composition of operating revenues by category of service is presented in our Financial Statements and discussed below before deduction of value-added and other indirect taxes. We do not determine net operating revenues for each category of revenue.

       The following table sets forth certain components of our net operating revenues, as well as the percentage change from the prior year, for 2000, 2001 and 2002.

  Year ended December 31,
Percentage change
  2000(1)
2001(2)
2002(2)
2000-2001
2001-2002
  (thousands of reais, except percentages)
 
Local services:          
Monthly charges 1,425,256  2,218,784  2,656,631  55.7 19.7
Measured service charges 2,024,423  2,863,073  3,106,544  41.4 8.5
Public telephones 283,485  274,218  341,766  (3.3) 24.6
Other 156,120 
 191,679 
 149,643 
 22.8 (21.9)
Total local services 3,889,284  5,547,754  6,254,584  42.6 12.7
Non-local services:
Intrastate and interstate 986,863  1,341,288  1,748,190  35.9 30.3
Interregional and International 662 
 718 
 594 
 8.5 (17.3)
Total non-local services 987,525  1,342,006  1,748,784  35.9 30.3
Data transmission 241,216  324,690  504,979  34.6 55.5
Network services 914,850  994,343  1,021,308  8.7 2.7
Other 201,851 
 249,703 
 310,025 
 23.7 24.2
Gross operating revenues 6,234,726  8,458,496  9,839,680  35.7 16.3
Value added and other indirect taxes (1,519,260) (2,200,580) (2,670,871) 44.8 21.4
Discounts (63,282)
 (99,508)
 (97,441)
 57.2 (2.1)
Net operating revenues 4,652,184  6,158,408  7,071,368  32.4 14.8
________________________

(1)     Presented in constant reais of December 31, 2000.
(2)     Pursuant to Brazilian GAAP, our audited financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 no longer recognize the effects of inflation and are not restated in constant reais.

       Net operating revenues increased by approximately 14.8% in 2002 compared to an increase of approximately 32.4% in 2001. The growth in revenues in 2002 was principally due to: (i) an increase in revenues from data transmission resulting from a 309% increase in our ADSL lines in service, a 116.2% increase in our IP accesses in service, a 83.8% increase in the number of frame relays in service and a 192.4% increase in the number of DialNet accesses in service; (ii) an increase in revenues from local services resulting from a 13% increase in our average lines in service, to 9.3 million at the end of 2002, higher service charges for the basket of local services, and an increase in fixed-to-mobile revenues; and (iii) an increase in intrastate and interstate long-distance services resulting from an increase in fixed-to-mobile revenues. The increase in revenues in 2002 was lower than in 2001 primarily due to a smaller increase of average lines in service in 2002 of 9.6%, compared to 16.0% in 2001, once the company has already met the pent-up demand. In addition, 2001 was the first full year in which net operating revenues reflected our increased telephone network from our acquisition of CRT.

       Net operating revenues increased by approximately 32.4% in 2001 compared to an increase of approximately 29.5% in 2000. The growth in revenues in 2001 was principally due to (i) an increase in revenues from local services resulting from an increase in our average lines in service (which increased by 16% to 8.5 million at the end of 2001), higher service charges for the basket of local services, and an increase in VC-1 fixed-to-mobile revenues, and (ii) an increase in intrastate and interstate long-distance services resulting from an increase in fixed-to-mobile revenues. The growth in revenues was larger in 2001 than in 2000 partially due to the fact that it was the first full year in which net operating revenues reflected our increased telephone network from our acquisition of CRT.

Revenues from Local Service

       Total revenues from local services increased by approximately 12.7% in 2002. The growth of revenues from local service in 2002 primarily reflects the annual tariff increases of the basket of local services, and the increasing penetration of telecommunications services in our concession area. In 2002, the basket of local services was adjusted, on average, by approximately 8.3%. In addition to the tariff increases, revenues from local service increased due to an increase in telephone density in our region of 7.5%, from 21.5 lines in service per 100 inhabitants at the end of 2001 to 23.1 lines in service per 100 inhabitants by the end of 2002.

       Total revenues from local services increased by approximately 42.6% in 2001. The growth of revenues from local service in 2001 primarily reflects the annual tariff increases of the basket of local services, and the increasing penetration of telecommunications services in our concession area. In 2001, the basket of local services was adjusted, on average, by approximately 10.4%. In addition to the tariff increase, revenues from local service increased due to an increase in telephone density in our region from 19.2 lines in service per 100 inhabitants at the end of 2000 to 21.5 lines in service per 100 inhabitants by the end of 2001 (an increase of approximately 16.0% in the number of lines in service year-over-year).

       Monthly Subscription Charges

Revenues from monthly subscription charges increased by 19.7% in 2002. This growth can be traced primarily to an increase in the number of average lines in service (which increased approximately 12.6% in 2002, representing an addition of approximately 1,010,000 lines), as well as to the annual price adjustment of the basket of local services, which was highly concentrated on the monthly charge. Effective June 28, 2002, Anatel authorized an increase (net of taxes) in monthly subscription charges of 14% for residential customers and of 0.6% for nonresidential customers.

       Revenues from monthly subscription charges increased by approximately 55.7% in 2001. This rate of growth of revenues from monthly subscription charges was fueled by increasing telephone density in our region, as well as by higher monthly subscription charges that resulted from the annual price adjustment of the basket of local services. Effective June 2001, Anatel authorized an increase (net of taxes) in monthly subscription charges of 18% for residential customers and of 16.4% for nonresidential customers.

       Measured Service Charges

       Revenues from measured service charges increased approximately 8.5% in 2002. This growth resulted from the increase in telephone density and the growth of the mobile plant in our region. Total registered pulses decreased by 0.2% to approximately 19.6 billion in 2002. Total billed pulses in 2002 (the number of pulses that exceed the amount of monthly free pulses — 100 free pulses for residential customers and 90 free monthly pulses for non-residential customers) decreased by 3.3% to approximately 13 billion. Another source of measured service revenues was local fixed-mobile revenues (i.e., VC-1 calls), which increased approximately 15.7% in 2002, due to the growth of the mobile plant in our region, which is estimated by Anatel to have grown 24.9% in 2002. VC-1 minutes represented approximately 82% of the total fixed-mobile minutes in 2002. Despite the increase in telephone density, the number of billed pulses/average lines in service/month has decreased to 119.9 in 2002, compared to 139.5 in 2001, reflecting our increasing penetration into lower income households.

       Revenues from measured service charges increased approximately 41.4% in 2001. This growth resulted from the increase in telephone density and the growth of the mobile plant in our region. Total registered pulses increased by 19% to approximately 19.7 billion in 2001. Total billed pulses in 2001 increased by 25.9% to approximately 13.5 billion. Another source of measured service revenues was local fixed-mobile revenues, which increased approximately 47.2% in 2001, fueled by the growth of the mobile plant in our region, which is estimated by Anatel to have grown 33.9% in 2001. VC-1 minutes represented approximately 92% of the total fixed-mobile minutes in 2001. Despite the increase in telephone density, the number of billed pulses/average lines in service/month has decreased to 139.5 in 2001, compared to 146.5 in 2000, reflecting our increasing penetration into lower income households.

       Public Telephones

       Revenues from public telephones increased approximately 24.6%, or R$67.5 million, to approximately R$341.8 million in 2002, from approximately R$274.2 million in 2001. The increase over the period was due to the 8.4% tariff readjustment approved by Anatel from June 28, 2002. In 2002, the number of public telephones in service increased by 2.5% compared to a 30.2% increase in 2001. This difference was primarily due to the fulfillment of the universalization targets for 2001 that required maintaining all localities with over 600 inhabitants that are not served by fixed telephony, with at least one public telephone accessible 24 hours a day and capable of making and receiving local, domestic long distance and international long distance calls; and at least one public telephone available every 500 meters at all localities served by fixed telephony. In 2002 there is no universalization target related to public telephony.

       Revenues from public telephones decreased approximately 3.3% in 2001, from approximately R$283.5 million in 2000 to approximately R$274.2 million in 2001. The decrease over the period was due to a change in the accounting treatment of a portion of public telephony revenues owed by us to other carriers. Prior to and including the second quarter of 2001, we recognized revenue from the portion of the sale of our prepaid phone cards allocated to other carriers, as Subcontracted Costs. As of the third quarter of 2001, we began to recognize revenue from the portion of the sale of prepaid phone cards allocated to other carriers as a reduction of public telephony revenue.

       In 2001, the decrease in public telephone revenues was partly offset by the increased revenues from our larger public telephone plan. In 2001, the number of public telephones in service increased by 30.2% compared to an 81.6% increase in 2000. This difference was primarily due to the acquisition of CRT in July 2000, which by itself increased our number of public telephones by approximately 32.5% in 2001.

       Other Local Services

       Gross revenue from other local services decreased approximately 21.9% in 2002 compared to an increase of approximately 22.8% in 2001 primarily as a result of a decrease in line rental revenues combined with a decrease in installation revenues. The major accounts that make up other local services are installation fees and line rentals. Installation fees in 2002 generated revenues that were 53.7% lower than in 2001, principally due to the sale of promotional plans with the waiver of installation fee for lines in service, while line rental revenues decreased approximately 38.8% in 2002 compared to 2001 levels, as a result of the strong line expansion observed in prior years.

       Gross revenue from other local services increased approximately 22.8% in 2001 compared to a decrease of approximately 12.9% in 2000 primarily as a result of a larger decrease in line rental revenue in 2001 compared to 2000. Installation fees in 2001 generated revenues that were 73.9% higher than in 2000, fueled by the growth in average lines in service, while line rental revenues dropped approximately 67.9% in 2001 over 2000 levels, mostly due to the decrease on rental of regular lines as a result of the strong line expansion observed in prior years.

Revenues from Non-local Services

       Non-local services consist of intrastate and interstate (i.e., intraregional) long-distance calls (both fixed-fixed and fixed-mobile) as well as international long-distance calls.

       Intrastate and Interstate Long-distance

       Revenues from non-local services (intrastate and interstate long-distance services) increased by 30.3%, or R$406.9 million in 2002 to approximately R$1.7 billion, from approximately R$1.3 billion in 2001. This increase can be traced to: (i) a 12.6% increase in the number of average lines in service in 2002; (ii) a 34.5% and 30.6% increase in the number of VC-2 and VC-3 fixed-mobile minutes respectively fueled by the growth of the mobile plant in our region, which resulted in an increase in VC-2 and VC-3 fixed-mobile revenues, from approximately R$257 million in 2001 to approximately R$385 million in 2002; (iii) an average tariff readjustment of 4.97% in the basket of long-distance services, implemented on June 28, 2002; and (iv) the increase in our average market share from 82.2% to 86.5% in the intrastate segment, and from 67.0% to 73.0% in the interstate segment.

       Revenues from non-local services (intrastate and interstate long-distance services) increased by 35.9% in 2001, from approximately R$986.9 million in 2000 to approximately R$1.3 billion in 2001. The increase in revenues in 2001, resulted from (i) a 17.1% increase in the number of average lines in service in 2001; (ii) a 35% and 27% increase in the number of VC-2 and VC-3 fixed-mobile minutes respectively fueled by the growth of the mobile plant in our region, which resulted in an increase in VC-2 and VC-3 fixed-mobile revenues, which increased from approximately R$66 million in 2000 to approximately R$257 million in 2001; and (iii) a stable average market share in the intrastate long distance segment and a slight gain in interstate long distance segment.

       Interregional and International Long-distance

       Revenues from interregional and international long-distance services decreased by 17.3% or R$124 thousand in 2002 to approximately R$594 thousand, from approximately R$718 thousand in 2001. The decrease in 2002 was primarily due to the 15.6% decrease in borderline traffic. Revenues from interregional and international long-distance calls decreased in 2002 because the services rendered in this segment are limited to interregional long-distance calls to bordering cities adjacent to our region.

       Revenues from interregional and international long-distance services increased by 8.5% in 2001, from approximately R$662 thousand in 2000 to approximately R$718 thousand in 2001. The increase in 2001 was fueled by a growth in average lines in service, a gain in interstate market share, and a 16% increase in the traffic per average line in service per month. Revenues from interregional and international long-distance calls increased in 2001 despite the fact that the services rendered in this segment are limited to interregional long-distance calls to bordering cities adjacent to our region.

Revenues from Data Transmission

       Revenues from data transmission, which include revenues from ADSL, ATM, DialNet, Frame Relay, dedicated IP, IP light, IP Wan, dedicated line, internet services and package switching, increased by approximately 55.5% or R$180.3 million in 2002 to R$505 million, from approximately R$324.7 million in 2001. This growth was due to the increase of 309% in number of ADSL accesses in service during 2002, totaling 141,000 ADSL accesses in service at year-end. In addition, the 116.2% expansion in the number of IP accesses in service, the increase of 83.8% in the number of frame relay accesses in service, the 192.4% expansion in the number of dialnet accesses in service contributed to the increase in consolidated revenue from data transmission, partially offset by the reduction of 8.7% in the number of SLDD accesses in service.

       Revenues from data transmission increased by approximately 34.6% in 2001, from approximately R$241.2 million in 2000 to approximately R$324.7 million in 2001 due to the completion of our digital backbone in 2001, which enabled us to begin providing a broad range of data transmission services and to launch several new products such as Cyber Data Centers and the BrTurbo.com portal.

Revenues from Network Services

       We provide access to our network and lease certain network facilities to other telecommunications companies as part of our network service business. This primarily generates:

       Gross revenues from network services increased by 2.7% or R$27.0 million in 2002 to approximately R$1.0 billion, from approximately R$994.3 million in 2001, due to the growth of the mobile plant in our region and, consequently, higher mobile traffic on our network. Gross revenues from network services grew at a slower pace in 2002 compared to 2001 as a result of the expansion of other operators’ networks.

       Gross revenues from network services increased by 8.7% in 2001, from approximately R$914.9 million in 2000 to approximately R$994.3 million in 2001 due to (i) the growth of the mobile plant in our region and, consequently, higher mobile traffic into our network and higher interconnection fees, and (ii) the growth in fees from the rental of assets. Gross revenues grew at a slower pace in 2001 compared to 2000 as a result of a stable market share (interconnection revenues tend to be higher as a market share drops, since the company would interconnect more calls from third parties) and to the discontinuation of the PAT.

Gross Operating Revenues

Value-added and Other Indirect Taxes

       The principal taxes deducted from gross operating revenue are state value-added taxes (ICMS), Federal Social Contribution taxes, including PIS, COFINS and telecommunications contributions, including FUST and FUNTTEL. We collect these taxes from our customers and transfer them to the appropriate governmental entities. The current average rate of ICMS is 25%. PIS and COFINS are currently imposed at a combined rate of 3.65% of gross operating revenues, net of certain deductions. FUST and FUNTTEL are currently imposed at a combined rate of 1.5% of gross operating revenues, net of certain deductions.

       In 2002, the total amount of value-added and other taxes increased by 21.4% or R$470.3 million to approximately R$2.7 billion in 2002, from approximately R$2.2 billion in 2001. In 2001, the total amount of value-added and other taxes increased by 44.8%, from approximately R$1.5 billion in 2000 to approximately R$2.2 billion in 2001. The lower rate of growth in value-added and other taxes reflects the lower rate of growth in our gross operating revenue during the period and the change in revenue mix, as there is less tax on certain services.

       Discounts

       Discounts are generally divided into rebates on: (1) pre-paid telephone cards (commissions of approximately 10% over the total amount sold), (2) local wireline calls, (3) long-distance calls, and (4) intelligent network services. Discounts decreased by approximately 2.1% or R$2.1 million to approximately R$97.4 million in 2002, from approximately R$99.5 million in 2001. The decrease in 2002 compared to 2001 was due to the slower pace of the plant expansion in 2002, reflecting the fact that we did not anticipate achieving the universalization goals established for 2003. Discounts increased by 57.2% in 2001, from approximately R$63.3 million in 2000 to approximately R$99.5 million in 2001. The lower increase in 2001 compared to 2000 reflects the weaker pace of plant expansion in 2001.

Cost of Services

       In 2002, cost of services increased by approximately 7.6% or R$365.4 million to approximately R$5.2 billion, from approximately R$4.8 billion in 2001. This increase was lower than the increase in net operating revenues of 14.8%. Our cost of services increased primarily as a result of an increase in interconnection costs.

       In 2001, cost of services increased by approximately 27.1%, from approximately R$3.8 billion in 2000 to approximately R$4.8 billion in 2001. Our cost of services increased primarily as a result of (i) an increase in our service costs resulting from an increase in interconnection costs and (ii) an increase in our depreciation and amortization costs, but was tempered by a reduction in the size of our labor force in 2001.

       The following table sets forth certain components of our cost of services, as well as the percentage change from the prior year, for 2000, 2001 and 2002.

  Year ended December 31,
Percentage change
  2000(1)
2001(2)
2002(2)
2000-2001
2001-2002
  (thousands of reais, except percentages)
 
Cost of Services:          
Depreciation and amortization 2,303,541  2,630,001  2,635,014  14.2% 0.2%
Personnel 155,959  185,843  144,581  19.2% (22.2%)
Materials 24,270  91,746  78,759  278.0% (14.2%)
Services 1,146,048  1,689,287  2,057,838  47.4% 21.8%
Other 144,291 
 201,557 
 247,669 
 39.7% 22.9%
Total cost of services 3,774,109  4,798,434  5,163,861  27.1% 7.6%
________________________

(1)     Presented in constant reais of December 31, 2000.
(2)     Pursuant to Brazilian GAAP, our audited financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 do not recognize the effects of inflation and are not restated in constant reais.

Depreciation and Amortization

       In 2002, depreciation and amortization costs increased by approximately 0.2% or R$5.0 million to R$2.64 billion, from approximately R$2.63 billion in 2001, due to the expansion of our plant in 2002 (lines installed increased by approximately 5.3% in 2002). Depreciation and amortization costs grew at a slower pace in 2002 due to the slower expansion of our plant during this period.

       Depreciation and amortization costs increased by approximately 14.2% in 2001, from approximately R$2.3 billion in 2000 to R$2.6 billion in 2001 due to an increase in growth of our plant (lines installed increased by approximately 11.8% in 2001) in 2001. Depreciation and amortization costs grew at a slower pace in 2001 due to a smaller plant growth in 2001 compared to 2000 and to the fact that 2000 figures were inflated by the acquisition of CRT in July 2000.

Personnel

       In 2002, personnel costs decreased by approximately 22.2% or R$41.3 million to R$144.6 million, from approximately R$185.8 million in 2001. The decrease in personnel costs in 2002 was primarily due to the outsourcing of technical and operational services for our network, which resulted in a reduction in our labor force of approximately 2,300 employees in 2002. At December 31, 2002, we had approximately 5,565 employees.

       Personnel costs increased by approximately 19.2% in 2001, from approximately R$156 million in 2000 to approximately R$186 million in 2001. Personnel costs increased in 2001 despite the continued rationalization of our operations after the merger with CRT and the outsourcing of technical and operational services for our network, which resulted in a reduction in our labor force of approximately 2.7 thousand employees in 2001. The increase in personnel costs in 2001 resulted primarily from the higher salaries awarded to new and remaining employees. At December 31, 2001, we had approximately 7,877 employees.

Materials

       Costs related to materials decreased by approximately 14.2% or R$13 million in 2002. The decrease in material costs was primarily due to the outsourcing of technical and operational services for our network.

       Costs related to materials increased by approximately 278.0% in 2001. The increase in material costs was primarily due to the fact that 2001 was our first full fiscal year after the acquisition of CRT, as well as to our continued network expansion.

Services

       In 2002, the cost of third party services, which include subcontracted services and interconnection costs, increased by approximately 21.8% or R$368.6 million to approximately R$2.1 billion, from approximately R$1.7 billion in 2001.

       The increase in the cost of third party services in 2002 was primarily due to an increase in fixed-to-mobile interconnection costs, and, to a lesser extent, by the outsourcing of technical and operational services for our network. In 2002, interconnection costs increased approximately 21.1%, from approximately 14.9% of gross revenues in 2001 to approximately 15.5% of gross revenues in 2002. The increase in interconnection costs was directly related to an increase in fixed-to-mobile telephone traffic, which increased as a result of the increase in the amount of pre-paid mobile phones in our region. Pre-paid mobile phones allow the mobile customer to receive calls from fixed-line telephones free of charge in return for a flat monthly fee. Consequently, the expansion of the mobile plant in our region (which is estimated by Anatel to have grown 24.9% in 2002) has lead to an increase in fixed-to-mobile telephone traffic. In 2002, fixed-to-mobile traffic expanded approximately 10.1%, from approximately 3.9 billion minutes in 2001 to approximately 4.4 billion minutes in 2002. Increased costs of third party services contributed significantly to the increase in costs of services in 2002. We expect that fixed-to-mobile telephone traffic will continue to expand in 2003, leading to higher interconnection costs in 2003.

       The increase in the cost of third party services in 2001 was caused primarily by an increase in fixed-to-mobile interconnection costs, and to a lesser extent by the outsourcing of technical and operational services for our network. In 2001, interconnection costs increased approximately 67.7%, from approximately 12.4% of gross revenues in 2000 to approximately 14.9% of gross revenues in 2001. The increase in interconnection costs was directly related to an increase in fixed-to-mobile telephone traffic, which increased as a result of the increase in the amount of pre-paid mobile phones in our region. Pre-paid mobile phones allow the mobile customer to receive calls from fixed-line telephones free of charge in return for a flat monthly fee. Consequently, the expansion of the mobile plant in our region (which is estimated by Anatel to have grown 33.9% in 2001) has lead to an increase in fixed-to-mobile telephone traffic. In 2001, fixed-to-mobile traffic expanded approximately 47%, from approximately 2.7 billion minutes in 2000 to approximately 3.9 billion million minutes in 2001. Increased costs of third party services contributed significantly to the increase in costs of services in 2001. We expect that fixed-to-mobile telephone traffic will continue to expand in 2002, leading to higher interconnection costs in 2002.

Other

       Other costs of service, which primarily includes fees paid for the rental of equipment and infrastructure, insurance and other taxes and contribution, increased by 22.9% in 2002 compared to 39.7% in 2001. The lower increase in 2002 compared to 2001 was due to the slower pace of network expansion in 2002.

Gross Profit

       Our gross profit increased in 2002 by approximately 40.3% or R$547.5 million to R$1.91 billion, from approximately R$1.36 billion in 2001 as a result of a larger increase in net operating revenues in 2002 (a 14.8% increase in 2002, compared to a 32.4% increase in 2001), associated with a smaller increase in cost of services in 2002 (a 7.6% increase in 2002, compared to a 27.1% increase in 2001).

Operating Expenses

       Operating expenses, which include selling expenses, general administrative expenses and other net operating expenses, decreased by 5.8% or R$80.3 million in 2002, primarily as a result of the reduction in the provision for the retirement incentive plan and the reduction in the write-off of interconnection accounts receivable. In 2001, operating expenses increased by more than 66% in 2001, primarily as a result of an increase of customer accounts in default.

       The following table sets forth certain components of our operating expenses, as well as the percentage change from the prior year, for 2000, 2001 and 2002.

  Year ended December 31,
Percentage change
  2000(1)
2001(2)
2002(2)
2000-2001
2001-2002
  (thousands of reais, except percentages)
 
Operating expenses:          
Selling expenses 381,371  724,570  763,375  90.0 5.4
General and administrative expenses 509,993  604,890  661,060  18.6 9.3
Other net operating expenses (income) (56,964)
 56,769 
 (118,496)
 N/A  N/A 
Total operating expenses 834,400 
 1,386,229 
 1,305,939 
 66.1 (5.8)
________________________

(1)     Presented in constant reais of December 31, 2000.
(2)     Pursuant to Brazilian GAAP, our audited financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 do not recognize the effects of inflation and are not restated in constant reais.

Selling Expenses

       In 2002, selling expenses increased by 5.4% or R$38.8 million to R$763.4 million, from approximately R$724.6 million in 2001, as a result of higher expenses of services primarily due to the outsourcing of call center services, despite of the reduction in bad debts and provisions for doubtful accounts.

       In 2002, bad debts and provisions for doubtful accounts, decreased approximately 18.6%, from 3.8% of gross revenues in 2001 to approximately 2.7% of gross revenues in 2002. During 2002, we implemented certain successful strategies in order to reduce bad debt levels, including (i) the ‘teleaviso’ service in February, which involves sending a warning message to previously delinquent clients before their payment date, in order to ensure that they will pay their bills on time and (ii) sending a collection agreement letter to warn of final disconnections, offering the customers the option to pay their past-due bills in installments before their lines are cut off.

       In 2001, selling expenses increased by more than 90%, from approximately R$381.4 million in 2000 to approximately R$724.6 million in 2001, primarily as a result of an increase in allowance for doubtful accounts (due to a change in 2001 in the way we calculate our allowance for doubtful accounts). See Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Operating Results—Effects of Changes in Presentation of our Financial Information for 2001 and 2002—Allowance for Doubtful Accounts,” and Note 6 to our Financial Statements. In 2001, bad debts and provisions for doubtful accounts, increased approximately 159.7%, from 2.3% of gross revenues in 2000 to approximately 3.8% of gross revenues in 2001. Increased selling expenses contributed significantly to the increase in our operating expenses, as well as to our operating loss in 2001.

General and Administrative Expenses

       In 2002, general and administrative expenses increased by approximately 9.3% or R$56.2 million to R$661.1 million, primarily due to an increase in expenses from IT equipment depreciation and in expenses for regular services, such as surveillance, cleaning and conservation.

       In 2001, general and administrative expenses increased by approximately 18.6% due to higher management consulting and other third party and administrative costs associated with merging CRT’s operation and personnel into our company and rationalizing our joint operations.

Other Net Operating Expenses (Income)

       In 2002, other net operating expenses decreased by 308.7% or R$175.3 million to a credit of R$118.5 million, from R$56.8 million in 2001. This decrease was due to the reduction in the provision for the retirement incentive plan (in 2002 we accounted lay-off expenses only until March 2002) and the reduction in the write-off of interconnection accounts receivable (recognized in 2001 as other operating expenses and no longer recognized in 2002). See Note 6 to our Financial Statements.

       In 2001, other net operating expenses increased by more than R$132.9 million. This large increase was primarily due to increased provisions for our retirement incentive plan and severance payments associated with the reduction in the number of our employees by more than 2.7 thousand employees.

Operating Income (Loss) Before Net Financial Expense (Income)

       In 2002, our operating income before net financial expense increased by R$627.8 million to approximately R$601.6 million, from a loss of approximately R$26.3 million in 2001, primarily as a result of an increase in gross profits combined with a decrease in operating expenses. In 2001, as a result of a larger increase in operating expenses than in gross profits, our operating income before net financial expense decreased by more than R$69.9 million to a loss of approximately R$26.3 million from income of approximately R$43.7 million in 2000.

Net Financial Expense

       Net financial expense represents the net effect of interest income, interest expense and exchange rate and monetary restatement gain and loss. In 2002, our net financial expense increased by more than 161.8% or R$382.5 million to approximately R$618.9 million, from approximately R$236.4 million in 2001 primarily as a result of:

  — a 25.9% increase in our indebtedness, from approximately R$4.035 billion at the end of 2001 to approximately R$5.082 billion at the end of 2002 (of which approximately 30.0% (R$1.52 billion) was owed to Brasil Telecom Participações, our parent company);
 
  — an increase in our interest expense from our U.S. dollar denominated indebtedness, due to a devaluation of the real during 2002;
 
  — an increase in our interest expense from our real denominated indebtedness, due to an increase in Brazilian interest rates; and

       The increase in financial expenses in 2002 was partially offset by an increase in our interest income of approximately 13.2%, from approximately R$178.1 million in 2001 to approximately R$201.6 million in 2002, as a result of (i) our gains from currency hedging transactions, which amounted to R$28.9 million in 2002 and (ii) interest charged over past due accounts receivables, which amounted to R$51.5 million in 2002, and (iii) an increase in interest income from our improved balances of cash and cash equivalents during 2002, which increased from approximately R$331.4 million at December 31, 2001 to approximately R$1,422.9 million at December 2002. Increased net financial expense contributed significantly to our operating loss in 2002. See Notes 7 and 11 to our Financial Statements.

       In 2001, our net financial expense increased by more than 4,138%, from approximately R$5.6 million in 2000 to approximately R$236.4 million in 2001, due to:

  — a 25.6% increase in our indebtedness, from approximately R$3.21 billion at the end of 2000 to approximately R$4.04 billion at the end of 2001 (of which approximately 36.8% (R$1.5 billion) was owed to Brasil Telecom Participações, our parent company);
 
  — an increase in our interest expense from our U.S. dollar denominated indebtedness, due to a devaluation of the real during 2001;
 
  — an increase in our interest expense from our real denominated indebtedness, due to an increase in Brazilian interest rates; and

       The increase in financial expenses in 2001 was partially offset by an increase in our interest income of approximately 71.9%, from approximately R$103.6 million in 2000 to approximately R$178.1 million in 2001, as a result of (i) our gains from currency hedging transactions, which amounted to R$37.0 million in 2001 and (ii) interest charged over past due accounts receivables, which amounted to R$43.6 million in 2001, and which were offset by the decreased interest income from our diminishing balances of cash and cash equivalents during 2001, which decreased from approximately R$801.6 million at December 31, 2000 to approximately R$331.4 million at December 2001. Increased net financial expense contributed significantly to our operating loss in 2001. See Notes 7 and 11 to our Financial Statements.

Operating Income (Loss)

       In 2002, our operating income increased by 93.4%, or R$245.3 million to a credit of approximately R$17.3 million, from a loss of R$262.6 million in 2001, primarily as a result of the decrease in operating income before net financial expense, and the increase in net financial expense. In 2001, our operating income decreased by more than R$300.7 million in to an operating loss of approximately R$262.6 million from operating income of approximately R$38.1 million in 2000 in 2001 due to the decrease in operating income before net financial expense, and the increase in net financial expense.

Net Non-Operating Expenses (Income)

       In 2002, net non-operating expenses decreased by 30.7% or approximately R$28.6 million to an expense of approximately R$64.5 million, from an expense of approximately R$93.1 million in 2001. In 2002, net non-operating expenses decreased primarily as a result of the increase in gains on disposal of permanent assets.

       In 2001, net non-operating expenses increased by approximately R$97.0 million, from a credit of approximately R$4.0 million in 2000 to an expense of approximately R$93.0 million in 2001. In 2001, net non-operating expenses increased as a result of the amortization of the goodwill from our acquisition of CRT, the assessment of contractual fines and the gain on REFIS program in 2000. See Note 8 to our Financial Statements and Item 8 “Financial Information—Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—Legal Proceedings—Tax Proceedings.”

Employees' Profit Share

       All Brazilian companies may compensate employees, in addition to their salary and benefits, with profit sharing. The amount of such profit sharing is generally determined by negotiations between our company and the labor unions that represent our employees.

       In 2002, our employees’ profit share decreased by 18.6% or R$9.4 million to approximately R$$41.4 million, from approximately R$50.8 million in 2001. During 2002, we decreased the number of our employees by approximately 29.4%. At December 31, 2002, we had 5,565 employees.

       In 2001, our employees’ profit share increased by 174.5%, from approximately R$18.5 million in 2000 to approximately R$50.8 million in 2001, due to our voluntary increase in profit sharing resulting from our decision not to try to meet our 2003 universalization and network expansion by the end of 2001. This increase in profit sharing, was slightly tempered by a decrease in the number of our employees in 2001.

Income (Loss) Before Taxes and Minority Interests

       In 2002, we had a loss before taxes and minority interests of approximately R$123.2 million primarily as a result of an increase in our operating loss and a decrease in our net non-operating expenses and employees’ profit share.

Income and Social Contribution Taxes (Credits)

       In 2002, income and social contribution taxes (credits) decreased by approximately 43.9% or R$87.4 million to a credit of approximately R$111.6 million, from a credit of approximately R$199.0 million in 2001. This increase/decrease in income and social contribution credits was primarily due to a 22.8% decrease in deferred tax credits, which decreased from a credit of approximately R$289.0 million in 2001 to a credit of approximately R$223.0 million in 2002.

       In 2001, income and social contribution taxes (credits) increased by approximately 1,127%, from a credit of approximately R$16.2 million in 2000 to a credit of approximately R$199.0 million in 2001. This increase in income and social contribution credits was primarily due to a 2,210.8% increase in deferred tax credits, which increased from a credit of approximately R$90.0 million in 2000 to a credit of approximately R$289.0 million in 2001. See Note 9 to our Financial Statements. In 2001, the increase in our deferred tax credits was due to our increased losses before taxes and minority interest, which increased from a gain of R$23.6 million in 2000 to a loss of approximately R$406.5 million in 2001, as well as the reconciliation of our financial statements to Brazilian GAAP from Brazilian corporate law, and the fact that in 2001 we ceased recognizing the effects of inflation on our financial statements. See Note 2c to our Financial Statements.

Minority Interests

       In 2002 and in 2001, we did not allocate any gain or loss to minority shareholders because we did not have any subsidiaries that were not wholly-owned.

Net Income (Loss)

       In 2002, our net loss was approximately R$11.6 million as a result of the increase in our operating income combined with the decrease in our net non-operating expenses, employees’ profit share and the reduction of the deferred tax credits accrued in 2002.

       In 2001, despite the decrease in our operating income and the increase in our net non-operating expenses and employees’profit share, our losses were tempered by the deferred tax credits that we accrued in 2001. As a result, in 2001 we only suffered a net loss of approximately R$207.5 million.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Flow

       The following table sets forth certain components of our cash flows for 2000, 2001 and 2002.

  Years ended December 31,
  2000(1)
2001(1)
2002(2)
  (millions of reais)
Cash flows provided by (used in):
Operating activities 2,136.5 2,145.8 2,305.9
Investing activities (3,300.3) (3,151.3) (1,815.7)
Financing activities 1,113.2
 535.2
 601.4
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (50.6)
 (470.3)
 1,091.6
_________________

(1)     Presented in constant reais of December 31, 2000.
(2)     Pursuant to Brazilian GAAP, our audited financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 do not recognize the effects of inflation and are not restated in constant reais.

       We use the net cash generated from our operations and from external financing to fund capital expenditures for our network expansion and modernization, to pay dividends, and to invest in new businesses. While current liabilities exceeded current assets at December 31, 2001 and 2000, our sources of funds, primarily from operations and from external financing arrangements, were sufficient to meet operating and investing requirements in 2002. However, there can be no assurances that during 2003 and after we will not need additional third party financing in order to cover our network expansion and modernization, our debt service or future potential strategic acquisitions. See Item 3 “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Company — We may need additional third party financing which may not be available in the future or in terms acceptable to us.”

Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities

       Our primary source of funds continues to be cash generated from operations. In 2002 our cash flow from operating activities increased by 7.5% or R$160.1 million to approximately R$2.3 billion, from approximately R$2.1 billion in 2001. In 2002, the increase in cash from operations primarily reflects the 14.8% increase in net operating revenues, the renegotiation of subcontracted services and internal campaigns aimed at cost reduction.

       In 2001 our cash flow from operating activities increased by less than 1% from approximately R$2.1 billion in 2000 to approximately R$2.1 billion in 2001. The increase in cash flow from operating activities was primarily due to the adjustments made to reconcile net income to cash arising from our depreciation and amortization activities. This increase was partially offset by the increase in the net losses in 2002, which were approximately R$207.5 million.

Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities

       Acquisitions of property, plant and equipment continue to be our primary use of capital resources. In 2002 our cash flow used in investment activities decreased by approximately 42.4% or R$1.4 billion to a negative cash flow of approximately R$1.8 billion from a negative cash flow of approximately R$3.2 billion in 2001. Our negative cash flows from investment activities in 2002 were primarily due to the expansion and modernization of our network. In 2002, we invested approximately R$1.8 billion, compared to R$3.2 billion in 2001, to expand and modernize our network to facilitate the introduction of new products and services, enhance responsiveness to competitive challenges, increase the operating efficiency and productivity of the network and meet our network expansion and modernization goals.

       Capital spending is expected to be approximately R$1.82 billion in 2003 to expand and modernize our network. As of May 31, 2003, we had invested approximately R$380 million in the expansion and modernization of our network.

       In 2001 our cash flow used in investment activities decreased by approximately 4.5% from a negative cash flow of approximately R$3.3 billion in 2000 to a negative cash flow of approximately R$3.2 billion in 2001. Our negative cash flows from investment activities in 2001 were primarily due to the expansion and modernization of our network. In 2001, we invested approximately R$3.2 billion, compared to R$2.2 billion in 2000 to expand and modernize our network to facilitate the introduction of new products and services, enhance responsiveness to competitive challenges, increase the operating efficiency and productivity of the network and meet our network expansion and modernization goals.

Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities

       In 2002, our cash flow from financing activities increased by approximately 12.4% or R$$66.2 million to approximately R$601.4 million, from approximately R$535.2 million in 2001. The increase in the cash flow from financing activities was primarily due to a R$812.6 million decrease in loans repaid. In 2002, the amount of loans repaid decreased by approximately 65.0% to approximately R$437.0 million, from approximately R$1.2 billion loans paid in 2001, due primarily to the payment, in 2001, of R$779.2 million in commercial paper which had been issued on June 15, 2000 in order to fund the acquisition of CRT.

       In 2002, the amount of new loans incurred decreased by approximately 37.1% or R$736.8 million to approximately R$1.2 billion, from approximately R$2.0 billion in 2001. The R$1.2 billion in new loans incurred in 2002 was primarily related to:

       In 2001, our cash flow from financing activities decreased by approximately 51.9% from approximately R$1.1 billion in 2000 to approximately R$535.2 million in 2001. The decrease in the cash flow from financing activities was primarily due to a R$378.1 million increase in loans paid and a R$177.3 million decrease in new loans obtained in 2001. In 2001, the amount of loans repaid increased by approximately 43.4%, from approximately R$871.4 million loans paid in 2000 to approximately R$1.2 billion in 2001, due primarily to the payment of R$779.2 million in commercial paper which had been issued on June 15, 2000 in order to fund the acquisition of CRT.

       In 2001, the amount of new loans incurred decreased by approximately 8.2%, from approximately R$2.2 billion in 2000 to approximately R$2.0 billion in 2001. The R$2.0 billion in new loans incurred in 2001 was primarily related to:

       As of December 31, 2002, we had R$20 million remaining in our line of credit with Banco do Brasil, and no unused credit remaining in our credit facility with BNDES. See Item 3 “Key Information—Risk factors—Risks Relating to Our Company—We may need additional third party financing which may not be available in the future or on terms acceptable to us.”

Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents

       At December 31, 2002, our cash and cash equivalents totaled approximately R$1.42 billion, a 329.4% or R$1.09 billion increase in cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2001 of approximately R$331.4 million. The increase in our cash and cash equivalents in 2002 was due primarily to the new loans obtained and our cash flow generation.

       Our cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2001 totaled approximately R$331.4 million, a R$470.3 million decrease over cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2000 of approximately R$801.6 million. The decrease in our cash and cash equivalents in 2001 was due primarily to our net loss in 2001, our continued plant expansion and modernization program and our repayment of loans in 2001.

Indebtedness

       At December 31, 2002, we had approximately R$5.08 billion of indebtedness, an increase of approximately 25.7% or R$1.04 billion, from approximately R$4.04 billion at December 31, 2001. In 2002, our interest expense increased by 132.1% or R$380.0 million to R$667.7 million, from approximately R$287.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2001, as a result of the following increases in indebtedness:

       At December 31, 2002, approximately 6.8%, or R$343.8 million, of our total indebtedness was denominated in U.S. dollars. Of our indebtedness denominated in U.S. dollars at December 31, 2002, approximately 38.1% was hedged against significant variations in exchange rates (R$/U.S.$). See Note 20g to our Financial Statements.

       At December 31, 2001, we had approximately R$4.04 billion of indebtedness, an increase of approximately 25.6%, from approximately R$3.21 billion at December 31, 2000. In 2001, our interest expenses increased by 161.3%, from approximately R$110.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2000 to approximately R$287.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2001, as a result of the following increases in indebtedness:

       At December 31, 2001, approximately 8.3%, or R$336.2 million, of our total indebtedness was denominated in U.S. dollars. Of our indebtedness denominated in U.S. dollars at December 31, 2001, approximately 53% was hedged against significant variations in exchange rates (R$/U.S.$). See Note 20g to our Financial Statements.

       The following table sets forth the repayment schedule of our indebtedness:

  At December 31,
  2002 
  (thousands of reais)
2003 683,276 
2004 1,824,092 
2005 924,092 
2006 1,032,186 
2007 and after 618,161 
Total Indebtedness 5,081,807 

       Although our indebtedness increased to approximately R$5.08 billion at December 31, 2002, and our interest expenses increased to approximately R$667.7 million for 2002, we expect to be able to repay substantially all principal and interest on our indebtedness with internally generated funds. Net cash flow from our operating activities was approximately R$2.3 billion, R$2.1 billion and R$2.1 billion in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. However, there can be no assurances that net cash flow from operating activities will continue to be sufficient to cover these obligations or that we will not need additional financing in order to repay all principal and interest on our indebtedness as it comes due. See Item 3 “Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to our Company.” In the event that we require it, we may not be able to obtain financing on terms that are acceptable to us or to finance our future capital expenditures. See Item 3 “Key Information—Risk factors—Risks Relating to Our Company—We may need additional third party financing which may not be available in the future or on terms acceptable to us.”

Capital Expenditures

       In 2002 we made capital expenditures of approximately R$1.98 billion, a decrease of approximately 41.8% or R$1.4 billion from 2001. These expenditures related primarily (approximately R$1.04 billion) to the expansion and modernization of our network. In 2001 and 2000, we made capital expenditures of approximately R$3.4 billion and R$2.1 billion, respectively. See Item 4 “Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company—Capital Expenditures” and Item 4 “Information on the Company—Business Overview.”

       We currently expect to invest approximately R$1.82 billion in the expansion and modernization of our network during the fiscal year 2003. At December 31, 2002 we had capital expenditure commitments amounting to approximately R$97.4 million for 2003. For the three months ended March 31, 2003, we had invested approximately R$380 million in the expansion and modernization of our network. See Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital Expenditures.” We expect to finance our remaining expected 2003 capital expenditures with internally generated funds from operations. Net cash flow from our operating activities was approximately R$2.3 billion, R$2.1 billion and R$2.1 billion in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. See Item 3 “Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Company.”

Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments

       The following tables set forth our obligations to make future payments under contracts, such as debt and lease agreements, and under contingent commercial commitments, such as debt guarantees.

  Payments due by period at December 31, 2002
  Less than 1-3 4-5 After 5  
Contractual Obligations: 1 year
years
years
years
Total
  (thousand of reais)
Indebtedness 683,276  2,748,184  1,531,291  119,056  5,081,807 
Capital lease obligations -  -  -  -  - 
Operating leases 37  20  12  11  80 
Unconditional purchase obligations 97,432  -  -  -  97,432 
Other long-term obligations - 
 29,165 
 58,330 
 87,496 
 174,991 
Total contractual cash obligations 780,745  2,777,369  1,589,633  206,563  5,354,310 

  Payments due by period at December 31, 2002
  Less than 1-3 4-5 After 5 Total
amounts
Other Commercial Commitments: 1 year
years
years
years
committed
  (thousand of reais)
Lines of credit - - - - -
Standby letters of credit - - - - -
Guarantees - - - - -
Standby repurchase obligations - - - - -
Other commercial commitments -
 -
 -
 -
 -
Total commercial commitments - - - - -

Dividends

       We are required to distribute to our shareholders, either as dividends or as tax deductible interest on shareholder equity, 25% of our adjusted net income determined in accordance with Brazilian accounting principles and as adjusted in accordance with Brazilian Corporate Law including any realization of the net income reserve. We were required to pay a non-cumulative preferred dividend on our Preferred Shares in an amount equal to 6% of the share capital attributable to our Preferred Shares under Brazilian Corporate Law. Law No. 10,303, dated October 31, 2001, which amended the Brazilian Corporate Law requires that we pay a non-cumulative preferred dividend on our Preferred Shares of at least 3% per year of the book value of Shareholders’ equity divided by our total number of shares. On December 19, 2002 we amended our Bylaws to comply with these new requirements. Preferred Shareholders are now entitled to receive a minimum non-cumulative dividend of Preferred Dividend equal to the greater of (i) 6% per year of the value of our total share capital divided by our total number of shares or (ii) 3% per year of the book value of our shareholders’ equity divided by the total number of our shares. In 2000, 2001 and 2002 we paid dividends of approximately R$182.4 million, R$183.9 million and R$189.7 million, respectively.

Pension Plans

       We participate in a multi-employer defined benefit plan, the “Sistel Plan,” that covers our inactive or retired employees who were former employees of Telebrás. Under this plan, we are contingently liable for our proportionate share of unfunded obligations of the plan attributable to our participating employees as well as post-retirement health care benefits for active and inactive employees. During the year 1999, we withdrew a portion of our funds from the multi-employer plan in order to establish a separate plan for our current employees who were also former employees of Telebrás. On February 28, 2000, we founded our own private pension entity implementing a defined contribution, variable benefit plan, TCSPrev (“TCSPrev”) (Brasil Telecom’s Pension Fund). This plan covers employees who signed terms of membership on or before April 28, 2000, and employees hired after February 28, 2000. Approximately 62% of our employees are covered under TCSPrev. The companies that sponsor the Sistel Plan are jointly liable for contributions with respect to all employees who participate in TCSPrev. Under TCSPrev the sponsoring companies are no longer jointly liable. Instead, each sponsor is liable only for contributions with respect to its own employees. Joint liability among the plan sponsors continues to exist only with respect to retired employees, who will necessarily continue under the Sistel Plan, or with respect to the active employees who did not sign the term of membership to join TCSPrev. See Note 22 to our Financial Statements.

       Prior to our acquisition of CRT, that company created a pension program to provide retirement benefits to its employees (Fundação dos Empregados da Companhia Riograndense de Telecomunicações — “FCRT”). Unfortunately the FCRT was not fully funded by CRT. When we purchased CRT we assumed our proportionate share of the unfounded obligations of the FCRT attributable to those CRT employees that were assumed by our company (the FCRT covers approximately 26% of our current employees (approximately 1,341 employees as of December 31, 2002)).

       On October 2, 2002, FCRT received approval from the Supplementary Pensions Department to introduce a defined-contribution plan called BrTPREV. The approval enables contributors to migrate from the foundation defined-benefit plan. The new plan was introduced on October 17, 2002, and was terminated on January 18, 2003, and by the end of this period approximately 604 contributors had migrated to the defined-contribution plan. Consequently, three different plans became effective: BrTPREV, Fundador — Brasil Telecom and Alternative — Brasil Telecom.

       We estimate that, at December 31, 2002, our proportionate share of the unfunded obligations of the FCRT attributable to our participating employees was approximately R$501.8 million. The contributions to BrTPREV are credited in individual accounts of each participant, the employee’s and sponsor’s contributions being equal, the basic percentage contribution varying between 3% and 8% of the participation salary, according to age. The sponsor is responsible for the cost of administrative expenses and risk benefits. In 2002, contributions by the sponsor represented on average 1.32% of the payroll of the plan participants, whilst the average employee contribution was 1.34%. These figures consider only contributions in November and December 2002, since the plan was recently implemented. The regular contribution to Fundador — Brasil Telecom by the sponsor in 2002 was an average of 9.04% of the payroll of plan participants, which contributed at variable rates according to age, service time and salary, the average rate in 2002 being 7.87%. The amortizing contributions in 2002 related with the actuarial deficit were equivalent on average to 29.3% of the participants’ payroll. The regular contribution to Alternative — Brasil Telecom by the sponsor in 2002 was on average 7.19% of the payroll of plan participants, which contributed at variable rates according to age, service time and salary, with the average rate in 2002 being 6.77%. The amortizing contributions in 2002 relating to the actuarial deficit were on average equivalent to 37.4% of the participants’ payroll. For the year ended December 31, 2002, the total cost of the FCRT to our company was approximately R$17.9 million.

       As a result of our potential unfunded obligations under the FCRT, in 2002 we increased the current portion of our provision for pensions from R$41.7 million at December 31, 2001 to approximately R$92.1 million at December 31, 2002, and decreased the non-current portion of our provision for pensions from approximately R$449.1 million at December 31, 2001 to approximately R$409.7 million at December 31, 2002. See Note 22 to our Financial Statements.

“Off-Balance Sheet” Arrangements

       Our company does not have any material “off-balance sheet” arrangements.

Trading Activities

       Our company does not engage in any material trading activities involving commodity contracts that are accounted for at fair value. The only risk management activities that we engage in is the hedging of some of our U.S. dollar denominated indebtedness. See Item 11 “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk—Exchange Rate Risk.”

Research and Development

       We conduct research and development in the areas of telecommunications services, but we do not independently develop any new telecommunications technology. Since prior to the breakup of Telebrás, we, and each of the other former operating subsidiaries of Telebrás, have contributed to the Center, which is a research and development center formerly operated by Telebrás that develops telecommunications technology for application in Brazil.

       On August 3, 2001 we entered into new service agreements with the Center, one in the amount of R$7 million per year for a three-year period in order to maintain our access to telecommunications software developed by the Center, and the other in the amount of R$10 million per year for a 2-year period in order to receive technological services provided by the Center, such as equipment testing and consulting and training services. In addition to the Center, we also depend on manufacturers of telecommunications products for the development of new hardware and new telecommunications technologies.

       Our aggregate expenditures on research and development, including our contribution to the Center, were approximately R$24.7 million, R$8.0 million and R$3.8 million in 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively. See Item 4 “Information on the Company—Business Overview—Intellectual Property” and Item 4 “Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company—Capital Expenditures—Research and Development.”

Trend Information

       The evolution of the communication needs of our customers has been redefining the role of telecommunications in Brazil. We believe that the mass use of computers and the internet, the evolution of wireless and data compression technology, and the deregulation of and increased competition in telecommunication services will continue to increase the demand for telecommunication services in Brazil.

       Due to these developments, the value of access and long-distance networks has decreased and the value of telecommunication applications and services has increased. As a result, telecommunications companies have been seeking to integrate vertically and expand geographically in order to obtain economies of scale and leverage revenue growth. This is expected to favor those companies with sufficient access to financing. Although we believe that our company is well positioned to take advantage of this trend, there can be no assurances that we will have access to sufficient financing in the future or on terms acceptable to us. See Item 3 “Key Information—Risk factors—Risks Relating to Our Company—We may need additional third party financing which may not be available in the future or on terms acceptable to us.”

       As an immediate effect of the geographic expansion and vertical integration, the degree of difference between the traditional players has diminished and the boundaries between the communication companies (i.e., voice/data via fixed accesses, voice/data via mobile accesses, internet and cable modem) have become increasingly narrow. In order to differentiate ourselves from our competitors, we have sought to bundle our products and services, brand our services and introduce value-added services.

       The deregulation and technological evolution of the telecommunications industry in Brazil has intensified the competition in the voice sector as well as in the data sector. See Item 3 “Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—We face increasing competition in the Brazilian telecommunications industry. This may have a material adverse effect on our market share, margins, results of operations and financial condition.” In terms of mobile telephony, the auction of licenses for PCS in Brazil has further boosted competition.

       We believe that our main strength lies in the regional awareness of our brand name, the technologically advanced level of our network, our success in the recruitment of top quality employees and our strong internal cash flow generation.

       Our key strategies for the period between 2003-2005 are to:

ITEM 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees

Board of Directors and Senior Management

Board of Directors

       We are administered by a board of directors (Conselho de Administração) and our executive officers (Diretoria), and overseen by a fiscal council (Conselho Fiscal). Our board of directors is comprised of seven members and their alternates each currently serving a term expiring on the date of our General Shareholders’ Meeting in 2005. Pursuant to our Bylaws, six of our directors and their respective alternates are elected by holders of our Common Shares and one of our directors and his alternate are elected by holders of our Preferred Shares. Our board of directors holds a regular meeting once every two months and holds special meetings when called by the Chairman or by two members of the board of directors.

       With the reduction of the stake held by TI in the voting capital of Solpart, directors Ludgero José Pattaro and José de Lorenzo Messina, and their respective alternates, resigned on September 11, 2002. On February 10, 2003, our Board of Directors elected Ms. Daniela Maluf Pfeiffer, Mr. Rodrigo Bhering Andrade and their respective alternates to substitute the mentioned Directors. In the same meeting, our Board of Directors also elected Ms. Maria Amália Delfim de Melo Coutrim to substitute Márcio Koch Gomes dos Santos who resigned on January 28, 2003. During the Ordinary Shareholders General Meeting held on April 23, 2003 our shareholders ratified the election of the above-mentioned members of our Board of Directors, to complete the mandate. The following are the current members of our board of directors, their age at December 31, 2002, their respective positions and the date they were elected.

Name (Age)
Position
Date Elected
Eduardo Seabra Fagundes (67) Chairman April 29, 2002
Maria Amalia Delfim de Melo Coutrim (45) Director February 10, 2003
Ricardo Wiering Barros (41) Director April 29, 2002
Eduardo Cintra Santos (48) Director April 29, 2002
Daniela Maluf Pfeiffer (33) Director February 10, 2003
Rodrigo Bhering Andrade (44) Director February 10, 2003
Francisco Ribeiro de Magalhaes Filho (56) Director April 29, 2002

       Eduardo Seabra Fagundes, has served as a member of our board of directors since December 2000. Mr. Fagundes has served as an attorney of the state of Rio de Janeiro (1971-1996), and has been president of the Brazilian Bar Association – OAB (1979-1981), Attorney General of the state of Rio de Janeiro (1983-1986), Justice Secretary for the state of Rio de Janeiro (1986-1987), member of board of the Brazilian Institute of Administrative Law, member of the editorial board of the Revista de Direito Tributário, chairman of the board of directors of Banco Credibanco S.A. (1991-2000) and is a founding partner of the Brazilian Institute of Monetary Law. Mr. Fagundes holds a Law degree from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and a post graduate degree in Law, research and teaching from Fundação Getú;lio Vargas, Brazil

       Maria Amália Delfim de Melo Coutrim, has served as a member of our board of directors since February 2002. Ms. Coutrim has been a Director in CVC/Opportunity (since 1997). From 1994 to 1997, she served as a Director in Opportunity Asset Management. From 1986 to 1994, she held the position of Director and Partner in Opportunity Asset Management. From 1983 to 1985, she served as investment manager in Bradesco Seguros S.A. From 1982 to 1983, Ms. Coutrim served as an investment analyst of Triplik Corretora. Ms. Coutrim holds an Economy degree from the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

       Ricardo Wiering de Barros, has served as a member of our board of directors since April 2001. Mr. Barros has been an investment analyst in PREVI —Caixa de Previdência dos Funcionários do Banco do Brasil (1996-1997) and in CVC/Opportunity (Since 1997). He has also served as a member of board of directors of Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (1997-2000) and Santos Brasil (Since 1997). Mr. Barros holds a graduate degree in Data Processing from Universidade Católica in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and a post graduate degree in Accounting from Fundação Getú;lio Vargas – in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

       Eduardo Cintra Santos, has served as a member of our board of directors since April 1999. In 1980, Mr. Santos joined Perbrás – Empresa Brasileira de Perfurações Ltda., where he held the positions of director and partner-manager. From 1978 to 1980 he worked in E.C.S. Construções e Montagens Ltda., where he held the position of partner-manager. Mr. Santos holds a degree in Civil Engineering from the Federal University of Bahia in Brazil.

       Daniela Maluf Pfeiffer, has served as a member of our board of directors since February 10, 2003. She has been in the investor relations department of CVC/Opportunity since 1997. From 1994 to 1997, she worked in the database area of Opportunity Asset Management. From 1990 to 1994, she worked in the database area of Banco Icatu. Ms. Pfeiffer holds a degree in Business Administration from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

       Rodrigo Bhering Andrade, has served as a member of our board of directors since February 10, 2003. He has served as attorney of CVC/Opportunity Equity Partners since 1997. From 1995 to 1997, he served in GP Investimentos. From 1990 to 1995, he worked for JP Morgan. From 1985 to 1990, he served in Pinheiro Neto Advogados, a Brazilian law firm. In 1985, he served in Bingham, Dana & Gould in Connecticut, USA. From 1983 to 1984, he worked for Pinheiro Neto Advogados. Mr. Andrade holds a LL.B. from the Federal University of Brasília, Brazil and a LL.M. from the Yale Law School in New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

       Francisco Ribeiro de Magalhães Filho, has served as a member of our board of directors since April 1999. He has served as a member of the board of directors of telecommunications companies such as Telemig Celular, Telesc Celular and Telepar Celular. He was a director of the National Association of Capital Market Investors – ANIMEC.

Senior Management

       Our senior management consists of one President, a Financial Executive Officer, a Network Executive Officer and a Human Resources Executive Officer, each elected by the board of directors for a term of three years. An executive officer may be removed from office at any time by our board of directors.

       The following are our current executive officers, their age at December 31, 2002, their respective positions and the date they were elected or appointed.

Name (Age)
Position
Date
elected/appointed
Carla Cico (41) Chief Executive Officer February 22, 2001
Paulo Pedrão Rio Branco (50) Financial Executive Officer April 18, 2000
Francisco Aurelio Sampaio Santiago (48) Network Executive Officer October 1, 2002
Carlos Geraldo Campos Magalhaes (49) Human Resources Executive Officer December 13, 2001

       Carla Cico,has served as Chief Executive Officer of our company since February 2001. Mrs. Carla Cico joined Italtel S.p.A. in China in 1987, working as a Resident Manager in their Chong Quing office. In 1988, she became the Chief Representative of their Beijing Office. In September 1993, she joined IRI S.p.A. in China as Chief Representative of their Beijing Office. In January 1995, she joined Stet International S.p.A. as Director of International Business Operations in Rome. From April 1999 to February 2001 (prior to joining our company), she worked as a consultant in the telecommunications field for various national and international companies. Mrs. Cico holds a degree in Economics of the Pacific Rim and in Chinese language from Normal Superior University in Taiwan. She also holds a degree in Oriental Languages (Chinese) with specialization in Chinese politics and economics from University of Venice. Mrs. Cico has a masters degree in business from University of London and MBA degree from the London Business School, Sloan Program.

       Paulo Pedrão Rio Branco, has served as our Chief Financial Officer since April 2000. Mr. Rio Branco joined Coelba (Companhia de Eletricidade do Estado da Bahia) in 1975, working as General Coordinator of the Presidency. In 1987, he worked as Coordinator of Energy of the Bahia State Secretariat of Mines and Energy. In April 1988, he joined CHESF (Companhia Hidrelétrica do São Francisco) as advisor to the President. In June 1989, Mr. Rio Branco became Special Coordinator of Bahia State Secretariat, becoming Secretariat of Mines and Energy of the State of Bahia in January 1990. In May 1990, Mr. Rio Branco became the Chief Financial Officer of CHESF. In 1995, he became Manager of the New Business Department at Coelba. Prior to joining Brasil Telecom, he worked as Development Director at Iberdrola Energia do Brasil Ltda. Mr. Rio Branco holds a degree in Business Administration and Economics from Universidade Católica de Salvador and a post graduate degree in corporate finance from Fundação Getúlio Vargas.

       Francisco Aurélio Sampaio Santiago, has served as our Network Executive Officer since October 2002. He has also occupied the posts of Assistant Director for the Fulfillment of Targets and Assistant Network Director, from December 2000 to September 2002, and has been responsible for the Area of Operations since June 2001. He also occupied the role of Network Director of the Central Region (Brasília, Goiás and Tocantins) from May 1999 to December 1999 and of the Southern Region (Paraná, Santa Catarina and CTMR in Rio Grande do Sul) from December 1999 to December 2000. He has been in the sector for 23 years, having among other roles occupied the posts of Engineering Director, Director of Human Resources and Director of the Mobile Department of Telebrasília. He has a degree in electrical engineering from the University of Brasilia (UnB), and attended a postgraduate course in telecommunications at the Ècole National Superièure de Telecomunication (ENST) in Paris — France in 1984 and a course on Tele-computing at UnB in 1987.

       Carlos Geraldo Campos Magalhães, has served as our Human Resources Executive Officer since December 13, 2001. Prior to coming to the company, Mr. Magalhães has served as a financial director for OAS Group, sub-secretary of finance of the State of Bahia, General Supervisor of LIGHT — Serviços de Eletricidade S.A., and Finance Director and President of Companhia de Eletricidade do Estado da Bahia —COELBA. Mr. Magalhães holds a degree in business from the Business Administration School of the State of Bahia and a degree in engineering from the Federal University of Bahia.

Solpart Shareholders’ Agreement

       Under the shareholders’agreement, dated July 19, 1998 and amended on August 27, 2002, among Techold, TII, Timepart, Solpart, and others, Solpart has agreed to vote its shares in Brasil Telecom Participações to cause the nomination and election of our directors. In addition, under the shareholders’ agreement, the parties thereto have agreed, among other things, that the:

require the prior approval of a majority of the voting capital of Solpart. However, according to the August 27, 2002 amendment to the shareholder’s agreement, these provisions are suspended until the earlier of: (i) January 1, 2004; (ii) publication date of the certification by Anatel that our universalization targets of 2003 have been met; or (iii) if, at any time after Anatel’s approval of the August 27, 2002 amendment to the shareholders’agreement, (a) TIM is prevented from providing SMP services due to TII’s participation in Solpart; or (b) the transfer of TII’s shares to Timepart and Techold are considered invalid or ineffective. See Item 7 “Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major Shareholders—Shareholders’ Agreement,” and Item 3 “Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Company—Our existing principal beneficial shareholders will continue to control a large percentage of our voting shares and their interests may conflict with your interests as a minority shareholder.”

Compensation

       For the year ended December 31, 2002, the aggregate amount of compensation that we paid to all of our directors and executive officers was approximately R$12.8 million and the aggregate amount of bonuses paid to all of our directors and executive officers was approximately R$11.3 million.

       For the year ended December 31, 2002, the aggregate amount we accrued in providing pension, retirement or similar benefits for our directors and executive officers was approximately R$345.9 thousand. We have not entered into any employment or service agreement with any of our directors or executive officers. As a result, the only benefits accruing to any of our directors or executive officers upon their termination are those provided under applicable Brazilian laws.

Stock Option Plan

       Our Extraordinary General Shareholders Meeting held on April 28, 2000, approved the general plan to grant stock purchase options to our officers and our employees and the employees of our subsidiaries (the “Plan”). The Plan authorizes a maximum limit of 10% of the shares of each class of company stock. Shares derived from exercising options guarantee the beneficiaries the same rights granted to other company shareholders. The administration of this plan was entrusted to a management committee appointed by the Board of Directors, which decided to grant only preferred stock options.

       The Plan is divided into two separate programs:

       Program (A)

       This program is granted as an extension of the performance of our objectives established by our Board of Directors for a five-year period. At December 31, 2002, no stock had been granted.

       Program (B)

       The strike price of the option is established based on the arithmetic average of the market price of 1000 shares for the last 20 trading sessions prior to granting the option, and will be monetarily restated by the IGP-M between the date of signing the contracts and the payment date.

       The right to exercise the option applies as follows: (a) 33% as from January 1, 2004; (b) 33% as from January 1, 2005; and (c) 34% as from January 1, 2006. The acquisition periods can be anticipated as a result of the occurrence of events or special conditions established in the option agreement. Options not exercised by December 31, 2008 will expire without compensation.

       The information related with the general plan to grant stock options is summarized below:

  2002
  Preferred Shares Average exercise
  Options (thousand)
price (R$)
Balance as of 12/31/2001 -  - 
Granted 622,364 
 11.34
Balance as of 12/31/2002 622,364  11.34

Fiscal Council

       Our fiscal council consists of three members and their respective alternates, two of which are elected by the holders of Common Shares and one of each of which is elected by our holders of Preferred Shares. Our fiscal council is the fiscal inspection entity of our company. Members are normally appointed for one year terms, ending on the date of the first Annual Shareholders Meeting, subsequent to their respective election. Reelection is allowed, and all the members are required to remain in their posts until their successors take over.

       Our fiscal council has been established on a permanent basis, pursuant to applicable law and our bylaws, with the following characteristics:

       The following are the current members of our fiscal council:

Name
Date Elected
Luiz Otavio Nunes West (45) April 23, 2003
Gilberto Braga (42) April 23, 2003
Jorge Michel Lepeltier (55) April 23, 2003

Employees

       In 2002, we decreased the number of our employees by approximately 29.4%, from 7,877 employees at December 31, 2001 to 5,565 employees at December 31, 2002. All of our employees are employed on a full-time basis.

       Approximately 27.9% of our employees work in the area of operations, 27.2% of our employees work in the area of marketing and other commercial activities, 8.4% of our employees work in the area of finance, 8.2% of our employees work in the area of information technology, 20.2% of our employees work in the area of support services, 2.0% of our employees work in the area of human resources and 6.1% of our employees work in the area of senior management.

       Approximately 37.4% of our employees are members of state labor unions associated either with the Federação Nacional dos Trabalhadores em Telecomunicações (“Fenattel”) or with the Federação Interestadual dos Trabalhadores em Telecomunicações (“Fittel”). Some employees in certain job categories are affiliated with other unions specific to such categories. We normally negotiate a new collective labor agreement every year with our local union. These annual negotiations are carried out under our supervision and guidance, on one side, and Fenattel or Fittel, on the other. We believe that we have good relations with our employees and to date we have never experienced a work stoppage that had a material effect on our operations.

       The following table sets forth the breakdown of our employees by geographic region:

  2000 
2001 
2002 
  (%)  (%)  (%) 
Branch
Distrito Federal 12.5 20.2 32.9
Rio Grande do Sul 31.7 27.0 17.9
Parana 25.1 21.5 20.1
Santa Catarina 15.9 11.2 10.4
Goias/Tocantins 8.0 11.0 7.9
Mato Grosso do Sul 3.4 4.6 4.3
Mato Grosso 1.8 2.5 3.9
Rondonia 1.2 1.5 2.1
Acre 0.4
 0.5
 0.5
Total 100.0
100.0
100.0

Performance Bonus Plan

       We have entered into collective agreements with various labor unions under which we have undertaken to pay a bonus to employees for attainment of operating goals, in accordance with the terms and conditions established in the performance bonus plan rules.

       For the year ended December 31, 2002, we paid, in 2003, approximately R$38.8 million in performance bonuses to our directors, executive officers and employees.

Share Ownership

       According to the Brazilian Corporation Law, all members of the board of directors of a Brazilian publicly held company must also be shareholders of that company. As a result, all members of our board of directors own at least one of our shares.

       The following table indicates the amount of shares owned by each member of our board of directors and senior management.

  Number of Number of
Name(1)
Preferred Shares
Common Shares
Directors:
Eduardo Seabra Fagundes -  1 
Maria Amalia Delfim de Melo Coutrim 5  - 
Ricardo Wiering Barros -  49 
Eduardo Cintra Santos 351  88 
Daniela Maluf Pfeffer 5  10 
Rodrigo Bhering Andrade 5  - 
Francisco Ribeiro de Magalhaes Filho 3,485,098,656  108,806,990 
 
Senior Managers:
Carla Cico 273  39 
Paulo Pedrão Rio Branco -  - 
Francisco Aurelio Sampaio Santiago -  - 
Carlos Geraldo Campos Magalhaes -  - 
________________

(1)     Of all of the persons indicated above, only Mr. Francisco Ribeiro de Magalhães Filho beneficially owns more than one percent of any class of our capital stock. Mr. Filho owns approximately 1.18% of our Preferred Shares. Mr. Francisco Ribeiro de Magalhães Filho owns directly 1,000,000 Preferred Shares and 11,299 Common Shares and indirectly, through a participation of 55.7% in Evolution Fundo de Investimento em Ações, 3,484,098,656 Preferred Shares and 108,795,691 Common Shares.

ITEM 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

Major Shareholders

       References to “Preferred Shares” and “Common Shares” in this Annual Report are to our preferred shares and common shares, respectively. References to “American Depositary Shares” or “ADSs” are references to American Depositary Shares each representing 3,000 Preferred Shares, and references to “American Depositary Receipts” or “ADRs” are references to the American Depositary Receipts, the certificates that evidence the ADSs.

       Our capital stock is comprised of Preferred Shares and Common Shares, all without par value. At December 31, 2002, there were 295,569,090,398 Preferred Shares outstanding and 243,564,130,068 Common Shares outstanding. Of the two classes of our capital stock outstanding, only our Common Shares have full voting rights. Our Preferred Shares have voting rights under the following limited circumstances:

       The following table sets forth information concerning the ownership of our Preferred Shares and Common Shares (i) by Brasil Telecom Participações and (ii) by our directors and senior management as a group, at April 30, 2003. We are not aware of any other shareholder of record owning more than 5.0% of our Common Shares.

    % of   % of
  Number of Outstanding Number of Outstanding;
  Preferred Shares Preferred Common Shares Common
Name of Owner
Owned
Shares
Owned
Shares
Brasil Telecom Participacoes S.A 114,787,167,580  38.84% 241,646,691,695 96.81%
All directors and executives officers
as a group 3,485,099,295  1.18% 108,807,177  0.04%

       At December 31, 2002 our Preferred Shares were held by approximately 430,794 registered holders, of whom approximately 430,630 registered holders were located in Brazil. At December 31, 2002, our Common Shares were held by approximately 342,425 registered holders, of whom approximately 342,310 registered holders were located in Brazil.

       At December 31, 2002, Brasil Telecom Participações owned approximately 97.71% of our Common Shares. Accordingly, Brasil Telecom Participações has the ability to elect six of our seven directors.

       At December 31, 2002, Solpart owned approximately 53.45% of the common stock of Brasil Telecom Participações. At December 31, 2002, to the best of our knowledge, Techold, TII and Timepart owned approximately 47.48%, 31.59% and 20.93%, respectively, of the capital stock of Solpart, with Timepart owning 62.00% of the voting capital of Solpart. Accordingly, Solpart has the ability to control the election of the board of directors of Brasil Telecom Participações and, indirectly, of our board of directors.

       The following is a brief description of the shareholders of Solpart:

* CVC/Opportunity Equity Partners F.I.A. is an investment fund managed by CVC/Opportunity Equity Partners Administradora de Recursos Limitada.
 
* CVC/Opportunity Equity Partners L.P. is an investment fund managed by CVC/Opportunity Equity Partners, Inc.
* Telecom Holding S.A. is, to the best of our knowledge, controlled by members of the Woog family.
 
* Privtel Investimentos S.A. is owned by Eduardo Cintra Santos, who serves on our board of directors.
* Teleunion S.A. is owned by Luiz Raymundo Tourinho Dantas, who is related to the controlling shareholders of the Opportunity Group.

       The following chart sets forth our controlling shareholders as of December 31, 2002:

Shareholders’ Agreement

       We do not have a shareholders’agreement at the company level. We are controlled by Brasil Telecom Participações, which also does not have a shareholders’ agreement.

       Solpart, the entity that controls Brasil Telecom Participações, has a shareholders agreement. On July 19, 1998, Techold, TII, Timepart, Solpart, and others, entered into a shareholders’agreement, which governs their respective rights and obligations with respect to their shareholdings in Solpart. The shareholders’ agreement was amended as of August 27, 2002 and provides, among other things, for the following:

       Under the shareholders' agreement, Solpart has agreed to vote its shares in Brasil Telecom Participações to cause the nomination and election, by Techold and TII of members of our Board of Directors and TII and of our Senior Management. In addition, under the shareholders' agreement, the parties thereto have agreed, among other things, that the:

require the prior approval of an absolute majority of the voting capital of Solpart. However, according to the August 27, 2002 amendment to the shareholders' agreement, these provisions are suspended as described in Item 6 "Directors, senior managers and employees—Board of directors and senior management—Solpart shareholders' agreement."

Related Party Transactions

       None of the members of our board of directors or senior management, or any close member of their respective families, has or has had, since the period beginning January 1, 2001, any direct interest in any transaction effected with our company which is or was unusual in its nature or conditions, or significant to our business.

       As of December 31, 2002, no outstanding loans or guarantees have been made to the members of our board of directors, senior management, or any close member of their respective families.

Transactions with Brasil Telecom Participações S.A.

       From time to time, we provide certain logistic and other administrative services to our parent company, Brasil Telecom Participações on an arm's length basis. For the year 2002, we provided approximately R$2.4 million of services to Brasil Telecom Participações. At December 31, 2002, Brasil Telecom Participações owed us approximately R$663 thousand for the provision of these services.

       On December 31, 2000, we entered into loan agreements with Brasil Telecom Participações for a total amount of approximately R$84.2 million. The loans were paid in five equal installments and terminated on May 16, 2001. The loans had a variable interest rate equal to 107.4% of the CDI rate. The CDI rate as of December 31, 2001 was 17.29% per annum.

       On September 29, 2000, we received approximately R$87.6 million from Brasil Telecom Participações in advance of the issuance of certain debentures. During the year ended 2001, we issued approximately R$1.3 billion in debentures in a private placement to Brasil Telecom Participações with a variable interest rate equal to the CDI rate. The debentures are payable in three installments on July 27, 2004, July 27, 2005 and July 27, 2006, respectively. As of December 31, 2002, we owed Brasil Telecom Participações approximately R$1.405 billion in principal and accrued interest on these debentures.

       On May 22, 1998, we entered into a loan agreement with Brasil Telecom Participações for a total of approximately R$101.4 million, with a variable interest rate equal to the rate of appreciation of the U.S. dollar versus the Brazilian real on an annual basis (52.3% for the year ended December 31, 2002) + 1.75% per annum, payable at the end of each semester. The loan matures on July 1, 2014. As of December31, 2002, we owed approximately R$120.1 million in principal and accrued interest on this loan. See Note 25 to our Financial Statements.

       At December 31, 2002 we owed Brasil Telecom Participações a total of approximately R$1.5billion from all loans and debentures. For the year ended December 31, 2002 we paid Brasil Telecom Participações a total of approximately R$280.9 million in interest from such loans and debentures. See Note 20b and 25 to our Financial Statements.

ITEM 8. Financial Information

Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

       See Item 18 "Financial Statements."

Legal Proceedings

Breakup of Telebrás

       The legality of the breakup of Telebrás and privatization of Telebrás was challenged in numerous legal proceedings, the great majority of which have now been dismissed. A few, however, are still pending. We believe that the ultimate resolution of those proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our business or financial condition.

       We are a party to certain legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business, including civil, administrative, tax, social security and labor proceedings. We have provided for or deposited in court amounts to cover our estimated losses due to adverse legal judgments. We believe that such actions, if decided adversely to our company, are not likely to have a material adverse effect on our business or financial condition.

       Telebrás, our legal predecessor, is a defendant in a number of legal proceedings and is subject to certain other claims and contingencies. Under the terms of the breakup of Telebrás, liability for any claims arising out of acts committed by Telebrás prior to the effective date of the breakup of Telebrás remains with Telebrás, except for labor and tax claims (for which Telebrás and the 12 new holding companies into which it was broken-up are jointly and severally liable by operation of law) and any liability for which specific accounting provisions have been assigned to us. Our management believes that the chances of any such claims materializing and having a material adverse financial effect on our company are remote.

Claims Before Anatel

       Certain claims have been filed against us before Anatel, but we believe that none of these claims, if determined adversely to us, (individually or in the aggregate) would have a material adverse effect on our operations.

Labor Proceedings

       At February 28, 2003, contingent liabilities for labor legal proceedings in which the risk of loss was considered "probable" amounted to approximately R$321.4 million. At February 28, 2003, contingent liabilities for labor legal proceedings in which the risk of loss was considered "possible" amounted to approximately R$466.1 million. As of February 28, 2003, we were involved in approximately 14,054 labor legal proceedings, 5,513 of which were brought against CRT. The estimated total amount involved in these proceedings is approximately R$978.6 million. The majority of these proceedings are related to:

       As the successor of Telepar, we were the defendant in a civil public action brought by the Attorney General for Labor Matters of Curitiba (Ministério Público do Trabalho – Curitiba) based on our dismissal of a large number of employees aged 40 years or over (with an average of more than 20 years' of seniority) under our restructuring program. During 2001, a preliminary judgment was entered in this matter ordering the reinstatement of the dismissed employees and dismissing all claims for indemnification. We have appealed this judgment and the judicial order was revoked. The civil public action was dismissed and the Attorney General for Labor Matters of Curitiba filed an appeal with the Regional Labor Court (Tribunal Regional do Trabalho). The appeal court ordered the rehiring of the dismissed employees. Both parties filed a review appeal to the Superior Labor Court (Tribunal Superior do Trabalho) and we are still awaiting a decision of this matter. Considering that the rehiring of such employees, as opposed to their reinstatement, will have effects only as of effective rehiring, we do not expect any costs related to this action.

       In 1989, the Labor Union of Rio Grande do Sul (SINTTEL) filed a labor claim, as the legal substitute of 798 claimants, requesting the payment of a risk premium. The Labor Judge ordered the payment of such a risk premium. In 1999, CRT filed a rescissory action to the Superior Labor Court (Tribunal Superior do Trabalho) in order to revert the decision of the court of first instance. This action is still awaiting a decision. Should we lose our rescissory action, we estimate that we would incur a cost of approximately R$97 million.

       We are the defendant in a labor claim filed by the Labor Union of Rio Grande do Sul (SINTTEL), in 1989, as the legal substitute of 52 claimants, requesting the payment of a risk premium. The Labor Judge ordered the payment of such a risk premium. In 1999, CRT filed a rescissory action to the Superior Labor Court (Tribunal Superior do Trabalho) in order to revert the decision. Such action was dismissed and we filed an extraordinary appeal (recurso extraordinário) to the Superior Federal Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal) against the decision. This appeal is still awaiting a decision. We estimate that we would incur a cost of approximately R$15 million.

       The Labor Union of Rio Grande do Sul (SINTEL) filed in 1999 a labor claim as the legal substitute of 28 claimants, requesting the payment of a risk premium. The Labor Judge ordered the payment of such a risk premium. The parties have been discussing the values involved in the action. In order to settle the values involved we filed a specific appeal (agravo de petição) to the Regional Labor Court (Tribunal Regional do Trabalho). We are awaiting the decision of such appeal. We estimate that we would incur a cost of approximately R$6 million.

       We are the defendant in a labor claim filed by 1,478 employees, in 1984, requesting the payment of salary differences due to the failure in complying the "Company Internal Rules," which established different criteria depending on an employee's seniority. In 1988, a judgment was entered in this matter ordering the payment of such differences. Since the judgment, the parties have been discussing the values involved in the action. In order to settle the values involved, a specific appeal was filed to the Regional Labor Court (Tribunal Regional do Trabalho) which ordered the exclusion of the employees who were hired after October 1976 (which represent 600 claimants). We estimate that we would incur a cost of approximately R$20 million.

       We are the defendant in a labor claim filed by the Labor Union of Santa Catarina (SINTEL), in 1997, as the legal substitute of all employees, requesting the payment of differences due to the profit sharing paid by Telesc in 1996, considering a difference of criteria regarding the procedures adopted to calculate the values paid. The Labor Judge ordered the payment of such differences. However, we filed an appeal to the Regional Labor Court (Tribunal Regional do Trabalho), which dismissed the labor claim. The Labor Union (SINTEL) filed a review appeal (recurso de revista) to the Superior Labor Court (Tribunal Superior do Trabalho) and the decision issued by the Regional Labor Court was confirmed. We are awaiting the decision of the second motion for clarification of judgment (embargos de declaração) filed by the Labor Union. We estimate that we could incur a cost of approximately R$10 million.

       In 1984, 1,480 employees filed a labor claim requesting the payment of differences due to the profit sharing's bonus. The Labor Judge dismissed the labor claim in 1985. An appeal filed to the Regional Labor Court (Tribunal Regional do Trabalho) modified the decision, ordering the payment of the profit sharing. Telesc filed a review appeal (recurso de revista) to the Superior Labor Court (Tribunal Superior do Trabalho) and also to the Superior Federal Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal), but the decision was confirmed. In 1990, an agreement was settled with the employees in order to pay the profit sharing. In 1995, a Governmental Resolution N. 10 was issued and as a result, Telesc did not pay the profit sharing as agreed but instead began to pay as established in the Resolution. In 1997, the Labor Union of Santa Catarina (SINTEL) and part of the employees requested the reopening of the labor claim to execute the differences of the profit sharing payments. The Labor Judge did not accept the request. However, the Regional Labor Court (Tribunal Regional do Trabalho) admitted the employees' request. In 1998, Telesc filed a review appeal (recurso de revista), which was not accepted by the Superior Labor Court (Tribunal Superior do Trabalho). In 2003, Telesc filed an extraordinary appeal (recurso extraordinário) to the Superior Federal Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal) which was not accepted. We are awaiting the decision on the interlocutory appeal (agravo de instrumento) filed by Telesc to the Superior Federal Court in April 2003. We estimate that we would incur a cost of approximately R$18 million.

       We are the defendant in a labor claim filed in 1993 by the Labor Union of Goiás (SINTEL), as the legal substitute of 89 claimants, requesting the payment of a risk premium. The Labor Judge ordered the payment of such a risk premium. In 1999, Telegoiás filed a rescissory action with the Superior Labor Court (Tribunal Superior do Trabalho) in order to revert the decision. We are still awaiting a decision. Should we lose our rescissory action, we estimate that we would incur a cost of approximately R$6 million.

       In 1998, the Lawyers Labor Union of Santa Catarina (SINDALEX) filed a labor claim, as the legal substitute of 4 claimants (Telesc’s lawyers), requesting the payment of overtime according to Law 8.906/94. The Labor Judge ordered the payment of such overtime. An appeal filed with the Regional Labor Court (Tribunal Regional do Trabalho) modified the decision, ordering the payment of overtime to only one of the claimants. The parties filed a review appeal (recurso de revista), and we are awaiting the decision. If we lose our appeal, we estimate that we would incur a cost of approximately R$5 million.

       In 1997, the Labor Union of Rio Grande do Sul (SINTEL) filed an enforcement action (ação de cumprimento) requesting the payment of salary differences due to the failure to comply with the 5% readjustment granted by the Labor Bargaining Agreement. The Labor Judge ordered the payment of such differences. We filed an ordinary appeal to the Regional Labor Court (Tribunal Regional do Trabalho) and the decision was confirmed. We filed a review appeal (recurso de revista) to the Superior Labor Court (Tribunal Superior do Trabalho) in order to revert the decision. We are still awaiting the outcome of this appeal. We estimate that we would incur a cost of approximately R$61 million.

Tax Proceedings

Retroactive Application of Certain Taxes to Cellular Activation and Other Fees

       In June 1998, the governments of Brazilian states approved an Agreement (Convênio No. 69/98) to interpret existing Brazilian tax law to broaden the application of the ICMS effective July 1, 1998, to certain services, including cellular activation and installation services, to which the ICMS had not previously been applied.

       The administrative tax authorities in the Federal District and in the State of Santa Catarina have assessed our company on this issue regarding the five years preceding June 30, 1998. Moreover, there is a risk that other states could seek to apply this interpretation retroactively to services rendered during the six months preceding June 30, 1998, within the statute of limitations.

       We believe that any such attempt by other states to extend the scope of the ICMS to apply it retroactively to services that are supplementary to basic telecommunications services would be illegal and unconstitutional because:

  (a)

their interpretation would subject certain services which are not telecommunications services to taxation; and

 
  (b)

taxes may not be applied retroactively.

       Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that we will prevail in our position that the interpretation by the state governments is unlawful. If the ICMS were to be applied retroactively in the activation fees earned by the discontinued cellular operations for the six months prior to June 30, 1998, under the statute of limitations, it would have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations. It would give rise to a liability estimated at approximately R$20 million in back taxes.

       Recently, the Superior Court of Justice ("STJ") initiated the judgment of the Special Appeal No. 401.411-AM regarding the application of the ICMS tax on the cellular installation and activation services established in Convênio No. 69/98. This Special Appeal is a leading case on this issue. Currently, the first vote, by Judge Eliana Calmon, was favorable to the taxpayer. However, as of April 15, 2003, this Special Appeal is pending analysis of the other Judges. Even though the STJ has not granted a final decision yet, a favorable decision seems likely, which means a low likelihood of disbursement in our proceedings.

       With regard to the payments of ICMS tax on such cellular activation and installation services as of July 1, 1998, we have filed judicial claims (declaratory actions) in the states of our region to avoid such collections. In addition, we deposited in court the approximate amount of R$123 million in order to guarantee the judicial discussion without the application of interest and fees.

Services Tax Applying to Complementary Telecommunication Services

       Several municipal governments assessed our company in order to collect the Services Tax ("ISS") on the complementary telecommunication services. These assessments constitute a relevant contingency for our company. The company understands that these complementary telecommunication services, which are considered accessory services in the telecommunication services, are subject to ICMS instead of the ISS. Consequently, our company is not paying the ISS on these services. The amount of this tax contingency is approximately R$224 million, which is not provisioned in our company's balance sheet.

State Value-Added Tax Credits

       Several States treasury department assessed our company in order to discuss the use of the ICMS tax credits. Our company presented administrative and judicial defenses against the assessments. In some administrative proceedings, the decision at the first administrative level was unfavorable to the company. According to the state tax authorities, the procedure adopted by our company for registering the ICMS credits is not in accordance with to law. On the other hand, our company's legal counsel understands that the likelihood of disbursement is low in the judicial level since ICMS tax credits are guaranteed by the Brazilian Constitution. The amount involved in the discussion is approximately R$71million, which is not provisioned in our company's balance sheet.

State Value-Added Tax Applying on International Telecommunication Services

       Several state treasury departments assessed our company in order to collect the ICMS tax on international telephone calls. The tax authorities understand that international telephone calls are services rendered in Brazil and subject to ICMS tax since the request and the payment for the services are executed in Brazil. Our company presented administrative defenses against the assessments. The amount involved in the administrative proceedings is approximately R$43 million, which is not provisioned in the company's balance sheet. Our company's legal counsel understands the ICMS tax is not applicable to the international telephone call services and estimates the likelihood of disbursement as low.

Social Security Contribution Applying on Several Issues

       The National Welfare Agency filed administrative and judicial proceedings against our company in order to collect the INSS on different payments to our company's employees. Our company presented defenses against the proceedings. The amount involved in those proceedings is approximately R$78million, which is not provisioned in the company's balance sheet.

State Value-Added Tax Applying on Sale of Pre-paid Telephone Cards

       The state treasury department of the states of Mato Grosso and Tocantins assessed our company to collect the ICMS on sale of pre-paid telephone cards used in public telephones. Our company presented administrative defenses against the assessments. The amount involved in the administrative proceedings is approximately R$22 million, which is not provisioned in the company's balance sheet.

Costs of the Social Contribution on Gross Revenue Transferred to the Users of the Telecommunication Services

       A civil class action was filed by a federal prosecutor and ANDEC ("Associação Nacional de Defesa dos Consumidores de Cartão de Crédito'') in order to suspend the transfer of the cost of the PIS/COFINS to the users of the telecommunication services. Our company presented defenses against the assessments. The amount involved in these judicial proceedings is approximately R$182million, which is not provisioned in the company's balance sheet.

REFIS

       The REFIS is a program created by the Federal government in order to provide the opportunity to legal entities to pay their debts related to taxes managed by the Federal Revenue Service and the National Welfare Agency ("INSS").

       In November 16, 2000, the company filed the request to include in the REFIS program its debts related to the taxes managed by the Federal Revenue Service and INSS. As of April 2003, the total amount of the debt included in the REFIS is approximately R$76 million. In the calculation of the total amount included in the REFIS, (allowed by law) the company used both (i) a 40% of reduction of the penalty fee applied issued in the assessments and (ii) its own and third parties' net operating losses, to offset with the tax debts included in the REFIS.

Civil Proceedings

       At March 31, 2003, we had provisions of approximately R$56.5 million of contingent liabilities for civil lawsuits classified as "probable" risks. At March 31, 2003, contingent liabilities for civil lawsuits classified as "possible" risks amounted to approximately R$304.2 million.

       Most of the civil suits filed against us would not, if determined in a manner adverse to our company, have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. The most significant civil suits against us are the following:

       CRT is a defendant in certain lawsuits in connection with certain illegalities that are alleged to have occurred during the privatization and sale of CRT. Although we believe that we will prevail in this dispute, there can be no assurance that the courts will rule in our favor. If the plaintiffs in these lawsuits are successful, the courts could void the privatization of CRT, which would result in our loss of control of CRT. Although we would be entitled to recover the purchase price paid for CRT from the State of Rio Grande do Sul, such an adverse ruling could have a material adverse effect on our operations.

       As the successor of CRT, we are the defendant in a Civil Public Action brought by the Federal Attorney General (Ministério Público) for Rio Grande do Sul against CRT claiming indemnification of amounts paid by customers as a result of allegedly abusive commercial practices in connection with 0900/900 telephone services. An adverse judgment has been issued against us in this action. Although the court did not award any damages in this action, it enjoined us from offering 0900/900 telephone services and from disconnecting service to customers for the non-payment of any 0900/900 services incurred prior to the date of the judgment. Both parties have filed appeals against the decision at first instance and the appeals have not yet been decided. Customers seeking to recover damages in this matter will have to bring their own separate actions. Our ultimate liability will depend on how many of our customers initiate and succeed in any such proceedings.

Dividend Policy

       Pursuant to our Bylaws, we are required to distribute as dividends in respect of each fiscal year ending on December 31, to the extent amounts are available for distribution, an aggregate amount equal to at least 25% of Adjusted Net Income (as defined below) on such date (the "Mandatory Dividend"). The annual dividend distributed to holders of Preferred Shares (the "Preferred Dividend") has priority in the allocation of Adjusted Net Income. Remaining amounts to be distributed are allocated first to the payment of a dividend to holders of Common Shares in an amount equal to the Preferred Dividend, and subsequently distributed equally among holders of Preferred Shares and Common Shares. Under the Brazilian Corporate Law, a company is permitted to suspend the Mandatory Dividend in respect of common shares and preferred shares not entitled to a fixed or minimum dividend if its board of directors and fiscal council report to the shareholders' meeting that the distribution would be incompatible with the financial circumstances of such company and the shareholders ratify this conclusion at the shareholders' meeting. In this case, (i) the board of directors must forward to the CVM within five days of the shareholders' meeting an explanation justifying the information transmitted at the meeting and (ii)the profits which were not distributed for such reason are to be recorded as a special reserve and, if not absorbed by losses in subsequent fiscal years, are to be paid as dividends as soon as the financial situation of such company permits. Our Preferred Shares are entitled to a minimum dividend and thus the Mandatory Dividend may be suspended only with respect to the Common Shares. See "—Priority and Amount of Preferred Dividends."

       Under our Bylaws, we may pay dividends out of retained earnings or accumulated profits in any given fiscal year. For the purposes of the Brazilian Corporate Law, accumulated profits are defined as net income after income and social contribution taxes for such fiscal year, net of any accumulated losses from prior fiscal years and any amounts allocated to founders' shares, income bonds, employees' and management's participation in a company's profits. Retained earnings are defined as the amount of our net income in prior years that was not paid out as dividends in the year in which it was earned, but rather was retained in accordance with a proposal of the board of directors duly approved by a shareholders meeting.

       At each annual shareholders' meeting, our board of directors is required to recommend how net profits for the preceding fiscal year are to be allocated. Under the Brazilian Corporate Law, we are required to maintain a statutory reserve, to which we must allocate 5% of net profits for each fiscal year until the amount of such reserve equals 20% of our paid-up share capital (the "Statutory Reserve"). This reserve can only be used to increase capital or offset accumulated losses. Net losses, if any, may be charged against the statutory reserve.

       The Brazilian Corporate Law also provides for two additional discretionary allocations of net profits that are subject to approval by shareholders at the annual shareholders' meeting. First, a percentage of net profits may be allocated to the contingency reserve for anticipated losses that are deemed probable in future years (the "Contingency Reserve"). Any amount so allocated in a prior year must be either (i) reversed in the fiscal year in which the loss was anticipated if such loss does not in fact occur or (ii) reversed in the event that the anticipated loss occurs. Second, if the amount of Unrealized Revenue (as defined below) exceeds the sum of (i) the statutory reserve (Reserva Legal), (ii) the Contingency Reserve and (iii) retained earnings, such excess may be allocated to the reserve (the "Unrealized Revenue Reserve"). Such allocations may not hinder the payment of minimum dividends on our Preferred Shares. "Unrealized Revenue" is defined under the Brazilian Corporate Law as the sum of (i) the share of equity earnings of affiliated companies which is not paid as cash dividends and (ii) profits from installment sales to be received after the end of the next succeeding fiscal year.

       For the purposes of the Brazilian Corporate Law, and in accordance with our Bylaws, "Adjusted Net Income" is an amount equal to our net profit adjusted to reflect allocations to and reversion from (i) the Reserva Legal; (ii) the Contingency Reserve and (iii) the Unrealized Revenue Reserve.

       The amounts available for distribution are determined on the basis of our financial statements prepared in accordance with the Brazilian Corporate Law, which differ from financial statements, such as our Financial Statements included herein, that are prepared using the constant currency method according to Brazilian GAAP.

Priority and Amount of Preferred Dividends

       Our Bylaws provide for a minimum non-cumulative dividend of Preferred Dividend equal to the greater of (i) 6% per year of the value of our total share capital divided by the total number of shares or (ii)3% per year of the book value of our shareholders' equity divided by the total number of our shares. As a result of such provision, holders of Preferred Shares are entitled to receive, in any year, distributions of cash dividends prior to the holders of Common Shares receiving any distribution of cash dividends in such year. In addition, distributions of cash dividends in any year are made:

       If the Mandatory Dividend in any year is less than or equal to the Preferred Dividend payable to the holders of Preferred Shares in such year, the holders of Common Shares will not be entitled to receive any cash dividends distributed by our company in such year, unless the holders of Common Shares approve dividends in excess of the Mandatory Dividend. In such circumstances, however, holders of Preferred Shares will be entitled to the amount available for payment of dividends up to an aggregate amount equal to the Preferred Dividend plus, in the event the Preferred Dividend is higher than the amount available for payment of dividends for such year, any retained earnings from previous years may be used to make up for such shortfall. If the Preferred Dividend is not paid for a period of three years, holders of Preferred Shares shall be entitled to full voting rights until such time as the minimum dividend is paid in full for any year.

Payment of Dividends

       We are required by Brazilian law (Law 6,404, article 132) and our Bylaws to hold an annual shareholders' meeting within four months after the end of each fiscal year at which, among other things, an annual dividend may be declared by decision of the shareholders on the recommendation of our executive officers and our board of directors. The payment of annual dividends is based on our financial statements prepared for each fiscal year ended December 31 in accordance with Brazilian Corporate Law. Under Brazilian Corporate Law, dividends are required to be paid within 60 days following the date the dividend distribution is declared to shareholders of record, unless a shareholders' meeting resolution sets forth another date of payment, which must occur prior to the end of the fiscal year in which such dividend distribution was declared. A shareholder has a three-year period from the dividend payment date to claim dividends in respect of its shares, after which our company has no liability for such payment. Because our shares are issued in book-entry form, dividends with respect to any share are automatically credited to the account holding such share and no action is required on the part of the shareholder. We are not required to adjust the amount of paid-in capital for inflation. Annual dividends may be paid to shareholders of newly issued shares on a pro rata basis according to the date when the subscription price for such newly issued shares was paid to us.

       Shareholders who are not residents of Brazil must register with the Brazilian Central Bank in order for dividends, sales proceeds or other amounts with respect to their shares to be eligible to be remitted outside of Brazil. The Preferred Shares underlying the ADSs are held in Brazil by Banco Bradesco S.A., as agent for the Depositary, which has registered with the Brazilian Central Bank as the registered owner of our shares.

       Payments of cash dividends and distributions, if any, will be made in Brazilian currency to Banco Bradesco S.A., as custodian for our Preferred Shares represented by the ADSs, on behalf of the Depositary. Banco Bradesco S.A. will then convert such proceeds into U.S. dollars and will cause such U.S. dollars to be delivered to the Depositary for distribution to holders of ADRs. In the event that the custodian is unable to immediately convert the Brazilian currency received as dividends into U.S. dollars, the amount of U.S. dollars payable to holders of ADSs may be adversely affected by devaluations of the Brazilian currency that occur before such dividends are converted and remitted. Dividends in respect of our Preferred Shares paid to resident and non-resident shareholders, including holders of ADSs, are not currently subject to Brazilian withholding tax. See Item 10 "Additional Information—Taxation—Brazilian Tax Considerations."

ITEM 9. The Offer and Listing

Offer and Listing Details

       Our Preferred Shares commenced trading separately, as Telepar shares, on the Brazilian stock exchanges on July 10, 1992. The following table sets forth the reported high and low closing sale prices for our Preferred Shares on the São Paulo Stock Exchange and the approximate average daily trading volume for the annual periods indicated.

  Nominal reais per 1,000 Preferred Shares
 
Average Daily Trading
  High
Low
Volume
      (millions of shares)
Year-end 1998 6.46 4.08 134.4
Year-end 1999 15.13 4.87 134.8
Year-end 2000 19.62 11.88 379.2
Year-end 2001 19.30 7.50 112.9
Year-end 2002 12.30 8.0 5.0
_____________________________________
Source:     São Paulo Stock Exchange

       The following table sets forth the reported high and low closing sale prices for our Preferred Shares on the São Paulo Stock Exchange and the approximate average daily trading volume for the quarterly periods indicated.

  Nominal reais per 1,000 Preferred Shares
 
Average Daily Trading
  High
Low
Volume
      (millions of shares)
First quarter 2000 19.38 13.55 332.8
Second quarter 2000 18.77 11.74 323.0
Third quarter 2000 18.75 15.20 468.3
Fourth quarter 2000 16.39 12.25 408.2
First quarter 2001 19.10 12.10 637.7
Second quarter 2001 14.49 11.50 672.3
Third quarter 2001 13.69 7.80 702.4
Fourth quarter 2001 14.60 9.70 1,406.9
First quarter 2002 14.55 11.80 753.9
Second quarter 2002 13.70 10.05 771.6
Third quarter 2002 12.20 9.49 821.5
Fourth quarter 2002 12.60 10.60 908.2
First quarter 2003 12.40 9.38 977.6
_____________________________________

Source:     São Paulo Stock Exchange

       The following table sets forth the reported high and low closing sale prices for our Preferred Shares on the São Paulo Stock Exchange and the approximate average daily trading volume for the six monthly periods indicated.

  Nominal reais per 1,000 Preferred Shares
 
Average Daily Trading
  High
Low
Volume
      (millions of shares)
December 2002 12.90 11.10 977.9
January 2003 12.40 10.48 856.0
February 2003 10.99 9.38 1,145.9
March 2003 11.48 10.55 941.4
April 2003 12.70 11.17 1,354.3
May 2003 13.50 12.40 864.0
____________________________

Source:     São Paulo Stock Exchange

       Our ADSs, each representing 3,000 Preferred Shares, commenced trading on the New York Stock Exchange on November 16, 2001. The following table sets forth the reported high and low closing sale prices for our ADSs on the New York Stock Exchange and the approximate average daily trading volume for the quarterly periods indicated.

  Nominal reais per 1,000 Preferred Shares
 
Average Daily Trading
  High
Low
Volume
      (millions of shares)
November 16 – December 31, 2001.. 17.85 15.20 33.1
First quarter 2002 18.78 14.45 10.1
Second quarter 2002 17.75 13.30 3.1
Third quarter 2002 12.25 8.35 3.6
Fourth quarter 2002 10.45 8.20 9.1
First quarter 2003 11.35 7.80 9.4
___________________________

Source:     New York Stock Exchange

       The following table sets forth the reported high and low closing sale prices for our ADSs on the New York Stock Exchange and the approximate average daily trading volume for the six monthly periods indicated.

  Nominal reais per 1,000 Preferred Shares
 
Average Daily Trading
  High
Low
Volume
      (millions of shares)
December 2002 10.42 9.05 1.1
January 2003 11.35 8.70 17.3
February 2003 9.15 7.80 2.3
March 2003 10.04 8.55 8.0
April 2003 13.17 10.17 60.2
May 2003 14.10 12.39 28.8
______________________________

Source: New York Stock Exchange

       There are no restrictions on ownership of our Preferred Shares or Common Shares by individuals or legal entities domiciled outside Brazil.

       The right to convert dividend payments and proceeds from the sale of shares into foreign currency and to remit such amounts outside Brazil is subject to restrictions under foreign investment regulations which generally require, among other things, that the relevant investments have been registered with the Brazilian Central Bank. Banco Bradesco S.A., as custodian for our Preferred Shares represented by the ADSs, has registered with the Brazilian Central Bank on behalf of the Depositary the Preferred Shares that it will hold. This enables holders of ADSs to convert dividends, distributions or the proceeds from any sale of such Preferred Shares, as the case may be, into U.S. dollars and to remit such U.S. dollars abroad. However, holders of ADSs could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant any, required government approval for conversions of Brazilian currency payments and remittances abroad of the Preferred Shares underlying our ADSs.

       In Brazil, there are a number of mechanisms available to foreign investors interested in trading directly on the Brazilian stock exchanges or on organized over-the-counter markets.

       Under the regulations issued by the National Monetary Council, on January 26, 2000 ("Resolution No. 2,689"), foreign investors seeking to trade directly on a Brazilian stock exchange or on an organized over-the-counter market, must meet the following requirements:

       If these requirements are met, foreign investors will be eligible to trade directly on the Brazilian stock exchanges or on organized over-the-counter markets. These rules extend favorable tax treatment to all foreign investors investing pursuant to these rules. See Item 10 "Additional Information—Taxation." These regulations contain certain restrictions on the offshore transfer of the title of the securities, except in the case of corporate reorganizations effected abroad by a foreign investor.

       A certificate of foreign capital registration has been issued in the name of the Depositary with respect to the ADSs and is maintained by Banco Bradesco S.A., as custodian for our Preferred Shares represented by the ADSs, on behalf of the Depositary. Pursuant to such certificate of foreign capital registration, we expect that Depositary will be able to convert dividends and other distributions with respect to the Preferred Shares represented by ADSs into foreign currency and remit the proceeds outside of Brazil.

       In the event that a holder of ADSs exchanges such ADSs for Preferred Shares, such holder will be entitled to continue to rely on the Depositary's certificate of foreign capital registration for five business days after such exchange, following which such holder must seek to obtain its own certificate of foreign capital registration with the Brazilian Central Bank. Thereafter, any holder of Preferred Shares may not be able to convert into foreign currency and remit outside Brazil the proceeds from the disposition of, or distributions with respect to, such Preferred Shares, unless such holder qualifies under Resolution No.2,689 or obtains its own certificate of foreign capital registration. A holder that obtains a certificate of foreign capital registration will be subject to less favorable Brazilian tax treatment than a holder of ADSs. See Item 10 "Additional Information—Taxation—Brazilian Tax Considerations."

       Under current Brazilian legislation, the Federal Government may impose temporary restrictions on remittances of foreign capital abroad in the event of a serious imbalance or an anticipated serious imbalance of Brazil's balance of payments. For approximately six months in 1989 and early 1990, the Federal Government froze all dividend and capital repatriations held by the Brazilian Central Bank that were owed to foreign equity investors in order to conserve Brazil's foreign currency reserves. These amounts were subsequently released in accordance with Federal Government directives. There can be no assurance that the Federal Government will not impose similar restrictions on foreign repatriations in the future.

Markets

       Our Preferred Shares are traded on the Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (the São Paulo Stock Exchange) under the symbol "BRTO4." Our Preferred Shares were previously traded on the Bolsa de Valores do Rio de Janeiro (the Rio de Janeiro Stock Exchange) and on several other Brazilian stock exchanges. Our Preferred Shares are no longer traded on these stock exchanges. Under the terms of the formal protocol signed by the former nine Brazilian stock exchanges, effective on May 31, 2000, all of the stock exchanges in Brazil have merged. The Rio de Janeiro Stock Exchange now only trades Brazilian federal, state and municipal public debt or carries out privatization auctions. Stocks and bonds are traded exclusively on the São Paulo Stock Exchange. At December 31, 2002, we had approximately 457,000 shareholders.

       Our Preferred Shares are also listed on the New York Stock Exchange in the form of ADSs under the symbol "BTM," with each ADS representing 3,000 Preferred Shares, issued by the Depositary pursuant to the deposit agreement, dated November 16, 2001, among our company, the Depositary and the registered holders and beneficial owners from time to time of ADSs. Preferred Shares represented by ADSs are held in custody in Brazil by Banco Bradesco S.A., as custodian for our Preferred Shares represented by the ADSs.

       Our Common Shares are also traded on the São Paulo Stock Exchange under the symbol "BRTO3."

Trading on the São Paulo Stock Exchange

       The São Paulo Stock Exchange is a non-profit entity owned by its member brokerage firms. Trading on the São Paulo Stock Exchange is limited to member brokerage firms and a limited number of authorized non-members. The São Paulo Stock Exchange has open outcry trading sessions and an automated system on which trading can be conducted during the trading day. In 1999, the São Paulo Stock Exchange began operating an "after-market" which allows for limited after-hours trading to take place. There are no specialists or market makers for our shares on the São Paulo Stock Exchange. Trading in securities listed on the São Paulo Stock Exchange may be effected off the exchanges in certain circumstances, although such trading is very limited.

       Settlement of transactions is effected three business days after the trade date without adjustment of the purchase price for inflation. Payment for shares or delivery of shares are made through the facilities of separate clearinghouses for each exchange, which maintain accounts for member brokerage firms. The clearinghouse for the São Paulo Stock Exchange is Companhia Brasileira de Liquidação e Custodia S.A. — CBLC.

       In order to better control volatility, the São Paulo Stock Exchange has adopted a "circuit breaker" system pursuant to which trading sessions may be suspended for a period of 30 minutes or one hour whenever the indices of this stock exchange fall below the limit of 10% in relation to the index registered in the previous trading session.

       At December 31, 2002, the aggregate market capitalization of all of the companies listed on the São Paulo Stock Exchange was approximately R$438.3 billion. Although all the outstanding shares of an exchange-listed company may trade on a São Paulo Stock Exchange, in most cases less than half of the listed shares are actually available for trading by the public, the remainder being held by small groups of controlling persons that rarely trade their shares. For this reason, data showing the total market capitalization of São Paulo Stock Exchange tends to overstate the liquidity of the Brazilian equity securities market.

       The Brazilian equity market is relatively small and illiquid as compared to major world markets. In 2002, the daily trading volume on the São Paulo Stock Exchange averaged approximately R$558.1 million. In 2002, the ten most actively traded issues represented approximately 56.3% of the total trading in the cash market (standard lot) on the São Paulo Stock Exchange.

       Trading on the São Paulo Stock Exchange by nonresidents of Brazil is subject to certain limitations under Brazilian foreign investment legislation, which generally require, among other things, that the relevant investments have been registered with the Brazilian Central Bank, according to Resolution No. 2,689. See "—Offer and listing details."

The Special Corporate Governance Levels of the São Paulo Stock Exchange

       On December 11, 2000, the São Paulo Stock Exchange launched three new listing segments designed for the trading of shares issued by publicly held companies: the Special Corporate Governance Level1, the Special Corporate Governance Level 2 and the "Novo Mercado" of the São Paulo Stock Exchange.

       Such new listing segments were designed for the trading of shares issued by companies that voluntarily undertake to abide by more stringent corporate governance practices and disclosure requirements than those currently requested by the Brazilian legislation.

       The inclusion of a company in any of the new segments implies the adhesion of such company to a series of corporate governance rules known generally as "good corporate governance practices." These rules, which are consolidated in the listing regulations of the exchange, are meant to enhance the quality of information provided by Brazilian corporations and increase shareholder's rights, depending on the considered level.

       On March 27, 2002, our board of directors approved our adhesion to the Special Corporate Governance Level 1 of the São Paulo Stock Exchange. Our shares joined the Special Corporate Governance Level 1 of the São Paulo Stock Exchange on May 9, 2002.

       In order to join the Special Corporate Governance Level 1, we agreed to undertake the following corporate governance practices:

  1)

the maintenance of a free-float of at least 25% of our capital stock;

 
  2)

holding of public offerings for share placements through mechanisms that favor capital dispersion to a broader spectrum of shareholders;

 
  3)

disclosing improved quarterly information, including consolidated figures and special audit revisions on a quarterly basis;

 
  4)

complying with the enhanced disclosure rules of the exchange for transactions involving assets, including transactions with our controlling shareholders and our management;

 
  5)

disclosing shareholder agreements and stock option programs; and

 
  6)

the publication of an annual calendar of corporate events.

Regulation of Brazilian Securities Markets

       The Brazilian securities markets are regulated by the Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (the "CVM"), which has authority over stock exchanges and the securities markets generally, and by the Brazilian Central Bank, which has, among other powers, licensing authority over brokerage firms and regulates foreign investment and foreign exchange transactions. The Brazilian securities market is governed by Law 6,385, as amended (the "Brazilian Securities Law") and Law 6,404, as amended (the "Brazilian Corporate Law").

       Under the Brazilian Corporate Law, a company is either publicly-held, a companhia aberta, such as our company (whose shares are publicly traded on the São Paulo Brazilian stock exchanges) or privately-held, a companhia fechada. All publicly-held companies are registered with the CVM and are subject to reporting requirements. A company that is registered with the CVM may have its securities traded either on the Brazilian stock exchanges or on the Brazilian over-the-counter market. The shares of a public company may also be traded privately, subject to certain limitations. To be listed on the Brazilian stock exchanges, a company must apply for registration with the CVM and the stock exchange where the head office of the company is located. Once this stock exchange has admitted a company to listing and the CVM has accepted its registration as a publicly-held company, its securities may be traded on the São Paulo Stock Exchange.

       Trading in securities on the São Paulo Stock Exchange may be suspended at the request of a company in anticipation of a material announcement. Trading may also be suspended on the initiative of the São Paulo Stock Exchange or the CVM, among other reasons, based on or due to a belief that the company has provided inadequate information regarding a material event or has provided inadequate responses to inquiries by the CVM or the relevant stock exchange.

       The Brazilian Securities Law provides for, among other things, disclosure requirements, restrictions on insider trading and price manipulation, and protection of minority shareholders. However, the Brazilian securities markets are not as highly regulated and supervised as the U.S. securities markets or markets in certain other jurisdictions.

ITEM 10. Additional Information

Memorandum and Articles of Association

       The summary of the material provisions concerning our Preferred Shares and Common Shares, our Bylaws, and Brazilian Corporate Law contained in Item 10 "Additional Information—Memorandum and articles of association" under Amendment No. 1 to our Registration Statement on Form 20-F (File No.1-15256), filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on October 31, 2001, as amended (the "Registration Statement") is incorporated herein by reference. Such description contained in the Registration Statement is qualified to the extent applicable by this section, as well as by reference to our Bylaws, which have been filed (together with an English translation) as an exhibit to this Annual Report, and to Brazilian Corporate Law. A copy of our Bylaws (together with an English translation) is available for inspection at the principal office of the Depositary.

       Our Capital Stock is comprised of Preferred Shares and Common Shares, all without par value. At April 30, 2003, there were 295,569,090,398 Preferred Shares outstanding and 249,597,049,542 Common Shares outstanding.

Changes to the Brazilian Corporate Law

       On October 31, 2001, Law No. 10,303 amended the Brazilian Corporate Law, establishing, among other provisions, the following applicable to companies such as ours:

Material Contracts

Our Concessions for Local Fixed-Line Switched Telecommunication Services

       As successor in interest to each of Telesc, Telegoiás, Telebrasília, Telemat, Telems, Teleron, Teleacre and CTMR and CRT, we have assumed their public regime concessions to provide fixed-line local switched telecommunication services, for calls originating in the following geographic areas: Paraná, Santa Catarina, Distrito Federal, Goiás/Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rondônia, Rio Grande do Sul and Acre.

       Switched fixed-line local telecommunication services are services that, through the transmission of voice and other signals, allow for communication between fixed predetermined points within a local calling area.

       The term of our respective concessions, which were originally granted free of charge, ends on December 31, 2005. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we have the right to a one-time extension of twenty years for each concession provided that we meet certain conditions set forth in each such concession. See Item 4 "Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry."

Our Concessions for Intraregional Fixed-Line Switched National Long Distance Telecommunication Services

       As successor in interest to each of Telesc, Telegoiás, Telebrasília, Telemat, Telems, Teleron, Teleacre and CTMR and CRT, we have assumed their public regime concessions to provide intraregional fixed-line switched telecommunications services for calls originating in the following geographic areas: Paraná, Santa Catarina, Distrito Federal, Goiás/Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rondônia, Rio Grande do Sul and Acre.

       The terms of our respective concessions, which were originally granted free of charge, end on December31, 2005. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we have the right to a one-time extension of twenty years for each concession, provided that we meet certain conditions set forth by each such concession. See Item 4 "Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry."

BNDES Loan Agreements

       We have entered into loan agreements with the BNDES. BNDES is our principal creditor. At December31, 2002, we had outstanding loans to BNDES in the aggregate principal amount of approximately R$2.4billion. The interest payable by our company on such Real-denominated debt is based either on the TJLP rate + 3.85% per annum or on a rate equal to the rate of appreciation of the U.S. dollar versus the Brazilian real on an annual basis + the average annual currency basket rate published by BNDES (Cesta de Moeda) + 3.85% per annum. The TJLP rate in Brazil as of December 31, 2002 was 10.0% per annum.

       The proceeds from the BNDES loans were used to finance the expansion and modernization of our network from June 1998 to December 2002, in order to meet the service requirements under our concessions.

Contracts with Suppliers

       On November 23, 2000, we entered into an agreement with Lucent Technologies Network Systems of Brasil Ltd., for the supply and installation of telecommunications equipment and data communication systems, worth approximately R$95.8 million. Under the terms of the agreement, Lucent also agreed to provide us with technical support in all cities in which our equipment needed to be installed.

       On March 4, 2002, we entered into a R$162.1 million contract with Alcatel Telecomunicações S.A. for the supply and installation of telecommunications equipments, software and services for the implementation and expansion of the intelligent network. The contract will expire in March 2004.

Call Center Contracts

       On October 31, 2001, we entered into contracts for call center services with Teleperformance Brasil Ltda and with CBCC –Companhia Brasileira de Contact Center, in the respective amounts of R$822.4 million and R$230.7 million. Each of these contracts will expire in November 2006.

Loans from Brasil Telecom Participações S.A.

       On December 31, 2000, we entered into loan agreements with Brasil Telecom Participações S.A. (previously Tele Centro Sul Participações S.A), our parent company, for a total amount of approximately R$84.2million. The loans were paid in five equal installments and terminated on May 16, 2001. The loans had a variable interest rate equal to 107.4% of the CDI rate.

       On September 29, 2000, we received approximately R$88.4 million from Brasil Telecom Participações in advance of the issuance of certain debentures. During the six months ended June 30, 2001, we issued approximately R$1.3 billion in debentures in a private placement to Brasil Telecom Participações with a variable interest rate equal to the CDI rate. The debentures are payable in three installments on July 27, 2004, July 27, 2005 and July 27, 2006, respectively. As of December 31, 2002, we owed approximately R$1.405 million in principal and interest on these debentures.

       On May 22, 1998, we entered into a loan agreement with Brasil Telecom Participações for a total amount of R$101.4 million, with a variable interest rate equal to the rate of appreciation of the U.S. dollar versus the Brazilian real on an annual basis (52.3% for the year ended December 31, 2002) + 1.75% per annum, payable at the end of each semester. The loan matures on July 1, 2014. As of December 31, 2002, we owed approximately R$120.1 million in principal and interest on this loan. See Note 25 to our Financial Statements.

       At December 31, 2002 we owed Brasil Telecom Participações a total of approximately R$1.5billion from all loans and debentures. For the year ended December 31, 2002 we paid Brasil Telecom Participações a total of approximately R$280.9million in interest from such loans and debentures. See Note 20b and 25 to our Financial Statements.

Exchange Controls

       There are no restrictions on ownership of the ADSs or the Preferred Shares by individuals or legal entities domiciled outside Brazil.

       The right to convert dividend payments and proceeds from the sale of shares into foreign currency and to remit such amounts outside Brazil may be subject to restrictions under foreign investment legislation which generally requires, among other things, that the relevant investments be registered with the Brazilian Central Bank. If any restrictions are imposed on the remittance of foreign capital abroad, they could hinder or prevent Banco Bradesco S.A., as custodian for our Preferred Shares represented by the ADSs, or registered holders who have exchanged ADSs for Preferred Shares, from converting dividends, distributions or the proceeds from any sale of such Preferred Shares, as the case may be, into U.S. dollars and remitting the U.S. dollars abroad.

       Foreign investors may register their investment under Law 4,131/62 or Resolution No. 2,689. Registration under Resolution No. 2,689 affords favorable tax treatment to foreign investors who are not resident in a tax haven, as defined by Brazilian tax laws. See "—Taxation—Brazilian tax considerations."

       Under Resolution No. 2,689, foreign investors may invest in almost all financial assets and engage in almost all transactions available in the Brazilian financial and capital markets, provided that certain requirements are fulfilled. In accordance with Resolution No. 2,689, the definition of foreign investor includes individuals, legal entities, mutual funds and other collective investment entities, domiciled or headquartered abroad.

       Under Resolution No. 2,689, a foreign investor must:

       Under Resolution No. 2,689, securities and other financial assets held by a foreign investor must be registered or maintained in deposit accounts or under the custody of an entity duly licensed by the Brazilian Central Bank or the CVM. In addition, any transfer of securities held under Resolution No.2,689 must be carried out in the stock exchanges or through organized over-the-counter markets licensed by the CVM, except for transfers resulting from a corporate reorganization, or occurring upon the death of an investor by operation of law or will or as a consequence of the de-listing of the relevant shares from a Brazilian stock exchange and the cancellation of the registration of the relevant company from the CVM.

       Holders of ADSs who have not registered their investment with the Brazilian Central Bank could be adversely affected by delays in, or refusals to grant, any required government approval for conversions of payments made in reais and remittances abroad of these converted amounts.

       Resolution No. 1,927 of the National Monetary Council, which restated and amended Annex V to Resolution No. 1,289, provides for the issuance of depositary receipts in foreign markets in respect of shares of Brazilian issuers. We have obtained approval for the American Depositary Shares under AnnexV to Resolution No. 1,289, in order to (i) allow the proceeds from the sale by holders of ADSs outside Brazil to be free of Brazilian foreign investment controls, and (ii) allow holders of ADSs who are not resident in a tax haven to be entitled to favorable tax treatment in Brazil. See "—Taxation—Brazilian tax considerations."

       A certificate of foreign capital registration has been issued in the name of the Depositary with respect to the ADSs and is maintained by Banco Bradesco S.A., as custodian for our Preferred Shares represented by the ADSs, on behalf of the Depositary. Pursuant to such certificate of foreign capital registration, we expect that the Depositary will be able to convert dividends and other distributions with respect to the Preferred Shares represented by ADSs into foreign currency and remit the proceeds outside of Brazil. See Item 9 "Offer and listing—Offer and Listing Details" and Item 9 "Offer and Listing—Markets—Trading on the São Paulo Stock Exchange."

       In the event that a holder of ADSs exchanges the ADSs for Preferred Shares, such holder will be entitled to continue to rely on the Depositary's certificate of foreign capital registration for only five business days after such exchange, following which such holder must seek to obtain its own certificate of foreign capital registration with the Brazilian Central Bank. Thereafter, any holder of Preferred Shares may not be able to convert into foreign currency and remit outside Brazil the proceeds from the disposition of, or distributions with respect to, such Preferred Shares, unless such holder qualifies under Resolution No. 2,689 or obtains its own certificate of foreign capital registration. A holder of Preferred Shares that obtains a certificate of foreign capital registration will be subject to less favorable Brazilian tax treatment than a holder of ADSs. See "—Taxation—Brazilian tax considerations."

Taxation

       The following summary contains a description of the principal Brazilian and U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of Preferred Shares or ADSs, but it does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all the tax considerations that may be relevant to a decision to purchase Preferred Shares or ADSs. The summary is based upon the tax laws of Brazil and regulations thereunder and on the tax laws of the U.S. and regulations thereunder as in effect on the date hereof, which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. Each holder should consult their own tax advisors as to the tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of Preferred Shares or ADSs.

       Although there is at present no income tax treaty in force between Brazil and the U.S., the tax authorities of the two countries have had discussions that may culminate in such a treaty. No assurance can be given, however, as to whether or when a treaty will enter into force or how it will affect the U.S. holders of Preferred Shares or ADSs. Prospective holders of Preferred Shares or ADSs should consult their own tax advisors as to the tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of Preferred Shares or ADSs in their particular circumstances.

Brazilian Tax Considerations

       The following discussion summarizes the principal Brazilian tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of Preferred Shares or ADSs by a holder not deemed to be domiciled in Brazil for Brazilian tax purposes (a "non-Brazilian holder"). This discussion does not address all the Brazilian tax considerations that may be applicable to any particular non-Brazilian holder, and each non-Brazilian holder should consult his or her own tax advisor about the Brazilian tax consequences of investing in Preferred Shares or ADSs.

Taxation of Dividends

       Dividends paid by our company in cash or in kind from profits of periods beginning on or after January1, 1996 (i) to the Depositary in respect of Preferred Shares underlying ADSs or (ii) to a non-Brazilian holder in respect of Preferred Shares will not be subject to Brazilian withholding tax. Dividends paid from profits generated before January 1, 1996 may be subject to Brazilian withholding tax at varying rates, except that stock dividends are not subject to Brazilian tax unless we subsequently redeem the stock, or the non-Brazilian holder sells the stock in Brazil, within five years after the distribution.

       The only Brazilian tax treaty now in effect that would (if certain conditions are met) reduce the rate of the withholding tax on dividends paid from profits generated before January 1, 1996 is the treaty with Japan, which would reduce the rate to 12.5% under the circumstances set forth in the treaty.

Taxation of Gains

       Brazilian law distinguishes between, on the one hand, direct foreign investments in Brazilian companies and, on the other hand, foreign investments in securities issued by Brazilian companies through the Brazilian capital markets. Under Resolution No. 2,689, which became effective on March 31, 2000, superseding previous regulations (Annex IV) which restrict such foreign investment portfolios to institutional investors, foreign investors may invest directly in Brazilian financial markets, as long as they meet certain requirements. See "—Exchange controls" above.

       Gains realized outside Brazil by a non-Brazilian holder on the disposition of ADSs to another non-Brazilian holder are not subject to Brazilian tax. Neither the deposit of Preferred Shares in exchange for ADSs nor the withdrawal of Preferred Shares upon cancellation of ADSs is subject to Brazilian tax.

       Non-Brazilian holders are not subject to tax in Brazil on gains realized on dispositions of Preferred Shares outside Brazil to other non-Brazilian holders.

       Gains realized by non-Brazilian holders on dispositions of Preferred Shares in Brazil or in transactions with Brazilian residents, if they observe the requirements of Resolution No. 2,689, are exempted from withholding income tax, unless the foreign investor is located in a jurisdiction which does not impose income tax or which has an income tax rate lower than 20%, in which case it will be subject to the same general taxation rules applicable to Brazilian residents.

       Gains on the disposition of Preferred Shares obtained upon cancellation of ADSs are not taxed in Brazil if such disposition is made, and the proceeds are remitted abroad, within five business days after cancellation.

       Any gains realized by a non-Brazilian resident upon the redemption of Preferred Shares will be treated as gains from the disposition of such Preferred Shares to a Brazilian resident occurring off of a stock exchange and will accordingly be subject to tax at a rate of 20%, except for gains realized by a non-Brazilian resident located in a jurisdiction which does not impose income taxes or which has an income tax rate lower than 20%, in which case such gain will be subject to tax at a rate of 25%.

       Gain is measured by the difference between the amount in Brazilian currency realized on the sale or exchange and the acquisition cost of the shares sold, measured in Brazilian currency without any correction for inflation; the acquisition cost of shares registered as an investment with the Brazilian Central Bank is calculated on the basis of the foreign currency amount registered with the Brazilian Central Bank.

       There can be no assurance that the current preferential treatment for holders of ADSs and non-Brazilian holders of Preferred Shares will be maintained.

       Any exercise of preemptive rights relating to our Preferred Shares or ADSs will not be subject to Brazilian taxation. Gains on the sale or assignment of preemptive rights relating to our Preferred Shares will be treated differently for Brazilian tax purposes depending on (i) whether the sale or assignment is made by the Depositary or by you, and (ii) whether the transaction takes place on a Brazilian stock exchange. Gains on sales or assignments made by the Depositary on a Brazilian stock exchange are not taxed in Brazil, but gains on other sales or assignments may be subject to tax at rates up to 20%.

Distributions of Interest on Capital

       Brazilian corporations may make payments to shareholders characterized as interest on our capital as an alternative form of making dividend distributions. The rate of interest may not be higher than the TJLP rate as determined by the Brazilian Central Bank from time to time (12.0% per annum for the three month period beginning April 1, 2003). The total amount distributed as interest on capital may not exceed the greater of (i) 50% of net income (before taking such distribution and any deductions for income taxes into account) for the year in respect of which the payment is made or (ii) 50% of retained earnings for the year prior to the year in respect of which the payment is made. Payments of interest on capital are decided by the shareholders on the basis of recommendations of our board of directors.

       We may deduct distributions of interest on capital paid to Brazilian and non-Brazilian holders of Preferred Shares, including payments to the Depositary in respect of Preferred Shares underlying ADSs, for Brazilian corporate income tax purposes. Such payments are subject to Brazilian withholding tax at the rate of 15%, except for payments to persons who are exempt from tax in Brazil, which are free of Brazilian tax, and except for payments to persons situated in jurisdictions deemed to be tax havens (i.e.,countries that either have no income tax or in which the income tax rate is less than 20%), which will be subject to tax at a 25% rate.

       No assurance can be given that our board of directors will not recommend that future distributions of profits should be made by means of interest on capital instead of by means of dividends.

       Amounts paid as interest on capital (net of applicable withholding tax) may be treated as payments in respect of the dividends that we are obligated to distribute to its shareholders in accordance with its Charter and the Brazilian Corporate Law. Distributions of interest on capital in respect of our Preferred Shares, including distributions to the Depositary in respect of Preferred Shares indemnifying ADSs, may be converted into U.S. dollars and remitted outside of Brazil, subject to applicable exchange controls.

Other Brazilian Taxes

       There are no Brazilian inheritance, gift or succession taxes applicable to the ownership, transfer or disposition of Preferred Shares or ADSs by a non-Brazilian holder except for gift and inheritance taxes levied by some states in Brazil on gifts made or inheritances bestowed by individuals or entities not resident or domiciled in Brazil or in the relevant state to individuals or entities that are resident or domiciled within such state in Brazil. There are no Brazilian stamp, issue, registration, or similar taxes or duties payable by holders of Preferred Shares or ADSs.

       A financial transaction tax (the "IOF tax") may be imposed on the conversion of Brazilian currency into foreign currency (e.g., for purposes of paying dividends and interest). The rate of the IOF tax on such conversions is currently 0%, but the Minister of Finance has the legal power to increase the rate to a maximum of 25%. Any such increase will be applicable only prospectively.

       In addition to the IOF tax, a second, temporary tax that applies to the removal of funds from accounts at banks and other financial institutions (the "CPMF tax") will be imposed on our distributions in respect of ADSs at the time such distributions are converted into U.S. dollars and remitted abroad by Banco Bradesco S.A., as custodian for our Preferred Shares represented by the ADSs. Currently, the CPMF tax rate is 0.38%.

FUST – Universal Telecommunications Service Fund

       The Universal Telecommunications Service Fund, introduced by Law 9,998/00, was created to raise funds to meet the cost of the universalization of the telecommunications services, which are not recoverable through the efficient exploration of the service. According to the law, one of FUST's forms of income is the contribution by both public and private telecommunications providers, of 1% of the gross operating income from the rendering of telecommunications services. The value will be calculated after certain tax deductions and will exclude interconnection costs. The funds are supposed to be paid to Anatel and will be invested according to the policies laid out by the Ministry of Communication.

FUNTTEL – Fund for the Technological Development of the Telecommunications

       Law 10,052/00 established the Fund for the Technological Development of Telecommunications. Pursuant to this regulation, the fund was created to foster technological development, encourage human intellectual capital, encourage employment, promote capital access to small and medium sized business, all in order to enlarge the competitiveness of the Brazilian Telecommunications' Industry. This fund received a contribution of 0.5% of the gross operating income, after tax deduction, earned through the exploration of telecommunications services by both public and private companies. A directive board composed of governmental representatives will manage the fund and determine how the funds will be invested.

Registered Capital

       Amounts invested in Preferred Shares by a non-Brazilian holder who qualifies under the Resolution No. 2,689 and obtains registration with the CVM, or by the Depositary representing an ADS holder, are eligible for registration with the Brazilian Central Bank. Such registration (the amount so registered is referred to as "Registered Capital") allows the remittance outside Brazil of foreign currency, converted at the Commercial Market Rate, acquired with the proceeds of distributions on, and amounts realized through dispositions of such Preferred Shares. The Registered Capital per Preferred Share purchased in the form of an ADS, or purchased in Brazil and deposited with the Depositary in exchange for an ADS, will be equal to its purchase price (stated in U.S. dollars). The Registered Capital per Preferred Share withdrawn upon cancellation of an ADS will be the U.S. dollar equivalent of (i) the average price of a Preferred Share on the Brazilian stock exchange on which the most Preferred Shares were traded on the day of withdrawal or, (ii) if no Preferred Shares were traded on that day, the average price on the Brazilian stock exchange on which the most Preferred Shares were traded in the fifteen trading sessions immediately preceding such withdrawal. The U.S. dollar equivalent will be determined on the basis of the average Commercial Market rates quoted by the Brazilian Central Bank on such date or dates.

       A non-Brazilian holder of Preferred Shares may experience delays in effecting Brazilian Central Bank registration, which may delay remittances abroad. Such a delay may adversely affect the amount in U.S. dollars, received by the non-Brazilian holder.

U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations

       The statements regarding U.S. federal income tax law set forth below are based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), its legislative history, existing and proposed Treasury regulations thereunder, published rulings and court decisions, as in force on the date of this Annual Report, and changes to such law subsequent to the date of this Annual Report may affect the tax consequences described herein, possibly with retroactive effect. This summary describes the principal tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of Preferred Shares or ADSs, but it does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all of the federal income tax consequences that may be relevant to a decision to own or dispose of Preferred Shares or ADSs. This summary applies only to purchasers of Preferred Shares or ADSs who will hold the Preferred Shares or ADSs as capital assets and does not apply to special classes of holders such as dealers in securities or currencies, holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, holders of 10% or more of our shares of (by vote or by value, and directly or by attribution, taking into account shares held directly through depositary arrangements), tax-exempt organizations, financial institutions, holders liable for the alternative minimum tax, securities traders who elect to account for their investment in Preferred Shares or ADSs on a mark-to-market basis, and persons holding Preferred Shares or ADSs in a hedging transaction or as part of a straddle, conversion or constructive ownership transaction.

       Each holder should consult such holder's own tax advisor concerning the overall tax consequences to it, including the consequences under tax laws other than U.S. federal income tax laws, of an investment in the Preferred Shares or ADSs.

       As used in this summary, references to "ADSs" also refer to "Preferred Shares." As used in this summary, the term "U.S. holder" means a beneficial owner of ADSs that is for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (i) a citizen or resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation or other entity (treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) organized in or under the laws of the United States or its political subdivisions, (iii) a trust subject to the control of a U.S. person and the primary supervision of a U.S. court or (iv) an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source. As used in this summary, the term "non-U.S. holder" means a beneficial owner of ADSs that is not a U.S. holder. If a partnership holds our common shares, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Therefore, partners of a partnership holding our common shares should consult their tax advisor.

       For purposes of the U.S. federal income tax laws, holders of ADRs will be treated as owners of the ADSs represented by such ADRs.

Taxation of Dividends

       Subject to the "Passive Foreign Investment Company" discussion below, a U.S. holder will recognize ordinary dividend income for U.S. federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the amount of any cash and the value of any property that we distribute as a dividend, to the extent that such distribution is paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits ("e&p"), as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in accordance with the U.S. holder's regular method of accounting for U.S. federal income tax purposes. To the extent that such a distribution exceeds our e&p, it will be treated as a nontaxable return of capital, to the extent of the U.S. holder's tax basis in the ADS (or Preferred Shares, as the case may be), and thereafter as capital gain. The amount of any distribution will include the amount of Brazilian tax withheld on the amount distributed and the amount of a distribution paid in reais will be measured by reference to the exchange rate for converting reais into U.S. dollars in effect on the date the distribution is received by Banco Bradesco S.A., as custodian for our Preferred Shares represented by the ADSs, or by a U.S. holder, in the case of a holder of Preferred Shares. If the custodian or U.S. holder, in the case of a holder of Preferred Shares, does not convert such reais into U.S. dollars on the date it receives them, it is possible that the U.S. holder will recognize foreign currency loss or gain, which would be ordinary loss or gain, when the reais are converted into U.S. dollars. Dividends that we have paid will generally not be eligible for the dividends received deduction allowed to corporations under the Code.

       Distributions out of e&p with respect to the ADSs generally will be treated as dividend income from sources outside of the U.S. and generally will be treated separately along with other items of "passive" (or, in the case of certain U.S. holders, "financial services") income for purposes of determining the credit for foreign income taxes allowed under the Code. Subject to certain limitations, Brazilian income tax withheld in connection with any distribution with respect to the ADSs may be claimed as a credit against the U.S. federal income tax liability of a U.S. holder if such U.S. holder elects for that year to credit all foreign income taxes, or such Brazilian withholding tax may be taken as a deduction. Foreign tax credits will not be allowed for withholding taxes imposed in respect of certain short-term or hedged positions in securities or in respect of arrangements in which a U.S. holder's expected economic profit, after non-U.S. taxes, is insubstantial. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors concerning the implications of these rules in light of their particular circumstances.

       Distributions of additional shares to holders with respect to their ADSs that are made as part of a pro rata distribution to all of our shareholders generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax.

       A non-U.S. holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax or withholding tax on distributions with respect to ADSs that are treated as dividend income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax or withholding tax on distributions with respect to ADSs that are treated as capital gain for U.S. federal income tax purposes unless such holder would be subject to U.S. federal income tax on gain realized on the sale or other disposition of ADSs, as discussed below.

Taxation of Capital Gains

       Subject to the "Passive Foreign Investment Company" discussion below, in general, upon the sale or other taxable disposition of an ADS, a U.S. holder will recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized in consideration for the disposition of the ADS (excluding the amount of any distribution paid to the custodian but not distributed by the custodian prior to the disposition) and the U.S. holder's tax basis in the ADS. Such gain or loss generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax and will be treated as capital gain or loss. Long-term capital gains recognized by an individual holder generally are subject to a maximum rate of 20 percent in respect of property held for more than one year or 18 percent in respect of property held for more than five years if the U.S. holder acquired the ADS on or after January 1, 2001. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to certain limitations. Gain realized by a U.S. holder on a sale or disposition of ADSs generally will be treated as U.S. source income. Consequently, if Brazilian tax is imposed on such gain, the U.S. holder will not be able to use the corresponding foreign tax credit, unless the holder has other foreign source income of the appropriate type in respect of which the credit may be used.

       A non-U.S. holder will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax or withholding tax on gain realized on the sale or other disposition of an ADS unless (i) such gain is effectively connected with the conduct by the holder of a trade or business in the U.S., or (ii) such holder is an individual who is present in the U.S. for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the sale and certain other conditions are met.

Passive Foreign Investment Company

       We believe that we are not a passive foreign investment company ("PFIC") for U.S. federal income tax purposes in the current taxable year and do not expect to become a PFIC in future taxable years. However, because the determination of whether the offered shares constitute shares of a PFIC will be based upon the composition of our income and assets on an annual basis, there is no assurance that we will not be considered a PFIC for any subsequent year. If the offered shares were shares of a PFIC for any fiscal year, a U.S. holder of the offered shares could be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences with respect to any gains realized on the sale or other disposition of the offered shares and certain distributions received with respect to the offered shares. We do not intend to provide you with information necessary for the "qualified electing fund" election in the case that we are deemed a PFIC.

U.S. Backup Withholding and Information Reporting

       Distributions made in respect of offered shares, and proceeds from the sale or other disposition of offered shares, payable to a U.S. holder by a U.S. paying agent or other U.S. intermediary will be subject to information reporting requirements. If information reporting requirements apply, distributions made to the U.S. holder will be reported to the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and to the U.S. holder as may be required under applicable Treasury regulations. Backup withholding will also apply to any payments made to a U.S. holder if such U.S. holder fails to provide an accurate taxpayer identification number or certification of exempt status or is notified by the IRS that it has failed to report all dividends or interest required to be shown on its U.S. federal income tax return. In addition, certain penalties may be imposed by the IRS on a U.S. holder that is required to supply such information but that does not do so.

       Information reporting and backup withholding are generally not required with respect to payments made by a U.S. paying agent or other U.S. intermediary to certain exempt U.S. holders (e.g.,corporations and tax-exempt organizations) and non-U.S. holders, provided that, in the case of non-U.S. holders, such non-U.S. holders file a timely and properly completed IRS Form W-8 or W-8BEN with the U.S. paying agent or intermediary. Any amount withheld under the backup withholding rulings will be allowed as a refund or credit against a holder's U.S. federal income tax liability provided the required information is furnished to the IRS. Each holder should consult its own tax advisor concerning the effect of the New Regulations on its ownership and disposition of Preferred Shares or ADSs.

Independent Auditors

       Our audited financial statements as of December 31, 2001 and for the years ended December 31, 2000 and 2001 included in this Annual Report, have been audited by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, independent auditors, as stated in their report which is included herein. The offices of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu are located at Rua Alexandre Dumas 1981, 04717-906, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Our audited financial statements as of December 31, 2002 and for the year then ended included in this Annual Report, have been audited by KPMG Auditores Independentes, independent auditors, as stated in their report which is included herein. The offices of KPMG Auditores Independentes are located at Rua Dr. Renato Paes de Barros, 33, 04530-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Documents on Display

       Statements contained in this Annual Report regarding the contents of any contract or other document are complete in all material respects, however, where the contract or other document is an exhibit to this Annual Report, each of these statements is qualified in all respects by the provisions of the actual contract or other documents.

       This Annual Report may be reviewed without charge at the Public Reference Section of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Room 1300, Washington, D.C. 20549.

       Copies of all or any portion of this Annual Report can be obtained from the Public Reference Section of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Room 1300, Washington, D.C. 20549, upon payment of fees prescribed by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. For further information on the public reference rooms, call the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330.

       We are subject to the information requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to a foreign private issuer, and accordingly, we must file or furnish reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, reports on Form 6-K, and other information, with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. These reports and other information can be inspected at, and subject to the payment of any required fees, copies may be obtained from, the public reference facilities maintained by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission as described above. These reports and other information may also be inspected and copied at the offices of the New York Stock Exchange, 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005. As a foreign private issuer, however, we will be exempt from the proxy requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and from the short-swing profit recovery rules of Section 16 of the Exchange Act, although the rules of the New York Stock Exchange may require that we solicit proxies from our shareholders under some circumstances.

       Our website is located at http://www.brasiltelecom.com.br. The information on our website is not part of this Annual Report.

ITEM 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

       We are exposed to market risk from changes in both foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. We are exposed to foreign exchange rate risk because certain of our costs are denominated in currencies (primarily the U.S. dollar) other than those in which we earn revenues (primarily the real). Similarly, we are subject to market risk deriving from changes in interest rates that may affect the cost of our financing.

       The principal market for our products and services is Brazil and substantially all of our revenues are denominated in reais. We have described above under Item 4 "Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company" the manner in which the Brazilian government has controlled, and continues to control, the prices we charge.

       Prior to our merger with CRT, we did not use derivative instruments to hedge against currency risks. However, after our merger with CRT, we became responsible for, among other things, CRT's dollar-denominated liabilities. Due to these circumstances and the increasing volatility of U.S. dollar rates, we decided to hedge some of our U.S. dollar-denominated indebtedness. We do not hold or issue derivative or other financial instruments for trading purposes.

Exchange Rate Risk

       We have exchange rate exposure with respect to the U.S. dollar because our equipment costs are primarily denominated in U.S. dollars. Our cost of financing, however, is not materially exposed to exchange rate risk. At December 31, 2002, approximately 6.8% or R$343.8 million of our indebtedness was denominated in U.S. dollars, of which approximately 38% was hedged against significant variations in exchange rates (R$/U.S.$) by using foreign currency swap contracts. The aggregate notional principal amount of the swap contracts is approximately U.S.$90.8 million, of which approximately U.S.$33.6 million matures within one year and approximately U.S.$57.2 million matures in one to three years. At December 31, 2002, the fair value of the swap contracts amounted to approximately R$28.8million. See Notes 20i and 28 to our Financial Statements for additional information regarding the swap contracts.

       At December 31, 2002, the potential immediate loss in earnings that we could sustain from a hypothetical 10% change in foreign currency exchange rates would be approximately R$22.5 million.

Interest Rate Risk

       At December 31, 2002, we had approximately R$5,081.8 million in loans and financing outstanding, of which R$4,922.9 million bore interest at floating rates and R$158.9 million bore at fixed rate. We invest our excess liquidity (approximately R$1,422.9 million at December 31, 2002) mainly in short-term instruments. The potential loss in earnings to us over one year that would have resulted from a hypothetical, instantaneous and unfavorable change of 100 basis points in the interest rates applicable to financial assets and liabilities on December 31, 2002 would be approximately R$8.6 million. The above sensitivity analyses are based on the assumption of an unfavorable 100 basis point movement of the interest rates applicable to each homogeneous category of financial assets and liabilities and sustained over a period of one year. A homogeneous category is defined according to the currency in which financial assets and liabilities are denominated and assumes the same interest rate movement within each homogeneous category (e.g., reais). As a result, our interest rate risk sensitivity model may overstate the impact of interest rate fluctuation for such financial instruments as consistently unfavorable movements of all interest rates are unlikely.

       The table below provides summary information regarding our exposure to interest rate and exchange rate risk in our total debt portfolio as of December 31, 2002:

Total Debt Portfolio
  R$ million %
Floating rate debt:
Real denominated 4,737,970  93.2
Foreign currency denominated 184,897  3.6
Fixed rate debt:
Real denominated 29  - 
Foreign currency denominated 158,912  3.1
 
 
Total 5,081,807  100.0
 
 

       As of December 31, 2002, approximately 5.67% of our total debt portfolio was tied to the CDI rate (the Brazilian interbank deposit rate). As of December 31, 2002, the CDI rate was 24.83% per annum.

       The table below provides information about our debt obligations as of December 31, 2002, which are sensitive to changes in interest rates and exchange rates. This table presents, by expected maturity dates and currency, the principal cash flows and related average interest rates of these obligations. Variable interest rates are based on the applicable reference rate (LIBOR or TJLP) as of December 31, 2002:

Debt Obligation 2003  2004  2005  2006  2007-After Total –
Long Term
Debt  		Fair Value –
Long Term
Debt 
 
Debt in U.S. Dollars:
Fixed rate debt 47,325  10,156  10,156  10,156  81,118  111,586  111,586 
Average interest rate 12.1% 1.8% 1.8% 1.8% 1.8% -  - 
Variable rate debt 19,375  41,435  41,435  21,245  61,407  165,522  165,522 
Average interest rate 3.8% 3.8% 3.8% 3.2% 1.9% -  - 
 
Debt in Brazilian reais:
Fixed rate debt 29  -  -  -  -  -  - 
Average interest rate 19.6% -  -  -  -  -  - 
Variable rate debt(1) 616,547  1,772,500  872,500  1,000,785  475,638  4,121,423  4,121,423 
Average interest rate 17.4% 23.4% 19.6% 20.2% 15.0% -  - 
 
Total debt obligations(1) 683,276  1,824,092  924,092  1,032,186  618,162  4,398,532  4,398,532 
 
_____________________________________
(1) In R$ thousands
(2)

U.S. dollar debt was converted to reais at the commercial market exchange rate of R$3,5333 per U.S. dollar. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities

ITEM 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities

       We are filing an Annual Report under the Exchange Act. Accordingly, this item does not apply to us.

PART II

ITEM 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

       Not applicable.

ITEM 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

       We were required to pay a non-cumulative preferred dividend on our Preferred Shares in an amount equal to 6% of the share capital attributable to our Preferred Shares under Brazilian Corporate Law. Law No. 10,303, dated October 31, 2001, which amended the Brazilian Corporate Law requirement that we pay a non-cumulative preferred dividend on our Preferred Shares of at least 3% per year of the book value of Shareholders' equity divided by our total number of shares. On December 19, 2002 we amended our Bylaws to comply with these new requirements. Preferred Shareholders are now entitled to receive a minimum non-cumulative dividend of Preferred Dividend equal to the greater of (i) 6% per year of the value of our total share capital divided by our total number of shares or (ii) 3% per year of the book value of our shareholders' equity divided by the total number of our shares.

ITEM 15. Controls and Procedures

       Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. The company carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days of the filing date of this Annual Report. Our disclosure controls and procedures are the controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports that are filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms. Based on this evaluation, Carla Cico, the company's Chief Executive Officer, and Paulo Pedrão Rio Branco, the company's Financial Executive Officer, have concluded that these controls and procedures are effective.

       Changes in internal controls. There have been no significant changes in the company's internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect these controls subsequent to the date of company's evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.

ITEM 16. Reserved

PART III

ITEM 17. Financial Statements

       We have responded to Item 18 in lieu of responding to this Item.

ITEM 18. Financial Statements

       Reference is made to pages F-1 through F-71 for our Financial Statements.

ITEM 19. Exhibits

       The following is a list of all exhibits filed as a part of this Annual Report on Form 20-F:

Exhibit
Number 		Exhibit Sequential
Numbering
1.1

Amended and Restated Charter of the Registrant.(1)

—
1.2

Amended and Restated Charter of the Registrant (English translation).(1)

—
1.3

Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant.

 135
1.4

Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (English translation).

 147
2.1

Form of Deposit Agreement to be executed among the Registrant, Citibank N.A., as Depositary, and the Holders and Beneficial Owners of American Depositary Shares evidenced by American Depositary Receipts issued thereunder.(2)

—
3.1

Amendment to the Amended and Restated Shareholders' Agreement.(3)

—
4.1

Standard Concession Agreement for Local, Switched, Fixed-Line Telephone Service.(2)

—
4.2

Standard Concession Agreement for Local, Switched, Fixed-Line Telephone Service and Schedule of Omitted Concession Agreements (English translation).(2)(4)

—
4.3

Standard Concession Agreement for Domestic Long-Distance, Switched, Fixed-Line Telephone Service.(2)

—
4.4

Standard Concession Agreement for Domestic Long-Distance, Switched, Fixed-Line Telephone Service and Schedule of Omitted Concession Agreements (English translation).(2)(4)

—
8.1

List of subsidiaries of the Registrant, their jurisdiction of incorporation and names under which they do business.

 155

______________________________
(1)

Filed as an Exhibit to the company's Annual Report on Form 20-F, filed on July 15, 2002.

(2)

Filed as an Exhibit to Amendment No. 1 to the company's Registration Statement on Form 20-F, filed on October31, 2001.

(3)

Filed with the company's Report on Form 6-K, filed on October9, 2002.

(4)

Pursuant to Rule 12b-31 under the Exchange Act the Registrant is not filing a copy of each concession agreement for each region because such agreements are substantially identical in all material respects except as enumerated in the schedule attached to each standard concession agreement.

INDEX OF DEFINED TERMS

NYA 612157.7
  Page
 
Adjusted Net Income 102 
ADRs 91 
ADSs 91 
American Depositary Shares 91 
Anatel 7 
Anatel Decree 26 
Brazilian Corporate Law 108 
Brazilian GAAP 2 
Brazilian Securities Law 108 
CDI 60 
Center 33 
Code 117 
Commercial Market 5 
Common Shares 91 
Contingency Reserve 101 
CPMF tax 116 
CRT 1 
CTBC 12 
CTMR 21 
CVM 108 
Depositary 19 
e&p 117 
Embratel 11 
Exchange Act 2 
FCRT 81 
Fenattel 89 
Financial Statements 1 
Fittel 89 
Floating Market 5 
GDP 39 
General Plan of Concessions and Licenses 27 
General Plan on Quality 27 
General Plan on Universal Service 27 
General Telecommunications Law 21 
Global Village Telecom 7 
IBGE 39 
ICMS 48 
ICNIRP 20 
IGP-M 2 
Intelig 7 
IOF tax 115 
IRS 119 
List of Obligations 26 
Mandatory Dividend 101 
MetroRED 25 
non-Brazilian holder 113 
non-U.S. holder 117 
PAT 57 
PFIC 119 
PIS 48 
Plan 88 
Preferred Dividend 101 
Preferred Shares 91 
Real Plan 6 
Registered Capital 116 
Registrant 1 
Registration Statement 109 
Resolution No. 2,689 105 
Securities Act 19 
Sercomtel 12 
SFAS 5 
Sistel Plan 81 
Solpart 7 
Statutory Financial Statements 3 
Statutory Reserve 101 
TBS 24 
TCSPrev 81 
Techold 7 
Teleacre 21 
Telebrás 21 
Telebrasília 21 
Telecommunications Regulations 21 
Telegoiás 21 
Telemar 12 
Telemat 21 
Telems 21 
Telepar 21 
Teleron 21 
Telesc 21 
Telesp 13 
TI 9 
TII 7 
TIM 9 
Timepart 7 
TJLP 60 
U.S. GAAP 2 
Unrealized Revenue 101 
Unrealized Revenue Reserve 101 
NYA 612157.7

TECHNICAL GLOSSARY

       The following explanations are not intended as technical definitions, but to assist the general reader to understand certain terms as used in this Annual Report.

       Access charge: Amount per minute charged by network operators for the use of their network by other network operators. Also known as an "interconnection charge" or "network usage charge."

       Access gates: The points of interface between the network equipment (either dedicated or switched) and the transmission media that connect network equipment to the end user.

       Analog: A mode of transmission or switching which is not digital and therefore not represented in discrete terms such as voltage on/off or light pulse on/off.

       Analog network: A network using analog technology with circuit switching, capable of connecting one user with all users, but with limited transmission capacity.

       ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode): A broadband switching technology that permits the use of one network for different kinds of information, such as voice, data and video.

       Band A Service Provider: A former Telebrás operating subsidiary that has been granted a concession to provide cellular telecommunications services in a particular area within a radio spectrum frequency range referred to by Anatel as "Band A."

       Band B Service Provider: A cellular service provider that has been granted a concession to provide cellular telecommunications services in a particular area within a radio spectrum frequency range referred to by Anatel as "Band B."

       Base station: A radio transmitter/receiver that maintains communications with the cellular telephones within a given cell. Each base station in turn is interconnected with other base stations and with the public switched telephone network.

       Broadband services: Services characterized by a transmission speed of 2 Mbit/second or more. According to international standards, these services are divided into two categories: (i) Interactive Services, including video-telephone/video-conferencing (both point-to-point and multipoint), video-monitoring, interconnection of local networks, file transfer, high-speed fax, e-mail for moving images or mixed documents, broadband videotext, video on demand, retrieval of sound programs or fixed and moving images, and (ii) Broadcast Services, such as sound programs, television programs (including high-definition TV and pay TV) and selective document acquisition.

       CATV (Cable Television): Cable or fiber-based distribution of TV programs.

       Cell: The geographic area covered by a single base station in a cellular telecommunications system.

       Cellular service: A mobile telecommunications service provided by means of a network of interconnected low-powered base stations, each of which covers one small geographic cell within the total cellular telecommunications system service area.

       CGI (Common Gateway Interface)-bins: A directory on a web server in which CGI programs are stored. CGIs are programs or scripts, usually executed on the web server, that perform actions (like searching or running applications) when the user clicks on certain buttons or parts of the web screen.

       Dedicated IP: A service for internet hosting that does not use the virtual shared hosting system. The virtual shared hosting system is a system in which an IP number is assigned to multiple dominion names. Dedicated IP hosting accounts allow users to have their own log files, true CGI-bins, telnet accounts, and many other unique configuration files. The service provides a foundation for other IP applications, such as e-mail, web hosting, eCommerce, and home banking and enables business productivity through the use of web access, file transfer, multimedia presentation, video-conferencing, collaborative applications and new readers.

       DialNet: A service that offers remote access through a switched telephone network to internet providers or corporations.

       Digital: A mode of representing a physical variable, such as speech, using digits 0 and 1. The digits are transmitted in binary form as a series of pulses. Digital networks allow for higher capacity and higher flexibility through the use of computer-related technology for the transmission and manipulation of telephone calls. Digital systems offer lower noise interference and can incorporate encryption as a protection from external interference.

       Digital penetration: The substitution of analog transmission equipment for equipment capable of transmitting digital signals.

       Exchange: See Switch.

       Frame relay: A data transmission service using protocols based on direct use of transmission lines.

       Internet: A collection of interconnected networks spanning the entire world, including university, corporate, government and research networks from around the globe. These networks all use the IP communications protocol.

       IP WAN: A service that allows for the interconnection of corporate networks located in several distant locations for applications that do not need band guarantee. This service also provides for the formation of data communication networks without protocol conversion.

       ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network): A system in which several services (e.g., speech and data) may be simultaneously transmitted end-to-end in digital form.

       IP (Internet Protocol): The language of the internet; a set of rules that specify how information is divided into jackets and addressed for delivery between computer systems.

       IT (Information Technology): The equipment, processes, procedures and systems used to provide and support information systems (computerized and manual) within an organization and those reaching out to customers and suppliers.

       Kbps: Kilobytes per second.

       Leased high-speed data communication: The digital exchange of information at speeds exceeding 64 Kbps transmitted through mediums that are leased to users for their exclusive use.

       Light IP: A service for internet hosting that uses the virtual shared hosting system. The virtual shared hosting system is a system in which an IP number is assigned to multiple dominion names.

       Local loop: The system used to connect a subscriber to the nearest switch. It generally consists of a pair of copper wires, but may also employ fiber-optic circuits, microwave links or other technologies.

       Log files: Files that track access activity for a host resource. For instance, a log file might contain information relative to those who access a web site.

       Mbps: Megabytes per second.

       Mux: A multilever that slices up individual traffic streams and combines individual time slots to create a high-speed transmission stream of information.

       Network: An interconnected collection of elements. In a telephone network, these consist of switches connected to each other and to customer equipment. The transmission equipment may be based on fiber-optic or metallic cable or point-to-point radio connections.

       Network usage charge: See Access charge

       Optical fiber: A transmission medium which permits extremely high capacities of data transmission. It consists of a thin strand of glass that provides a pathway along which waves of light can travel for telecommunications purposes.

       Packet-switched data communication services: Data services that are based on parceling or breaking data stream into packets and switching the individual packets. Information that is transmitted is segmented into cells of a standardized length, which are then transmitted independently of one another, allowing maximization of available capacity and usage of a single transmission path for multiple communications. The cells are then reassembled upon reaching their destination.

       Packet switching: A method of data transmission in which small blocks of data are transmitted rapidly over a channel dedicated to the connection only for the duration of the packet's transmission.

       PBX (Private Branch Exchange): Telephone switchboard for private use, but linked to a national telephone network.

       Penetration: The measurement of the take-up of services. Penetration is calculated by dividing the number of subscribers at any given time by the population to whom the service is available and multiplying the quotient by 100.

       Private leased circuits: Voice, data or image transmission mediums leased to users for their exclusive use.

       PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network): The public telephone network that delivers basic telephone service and, in certain circumstances, more advanced services.

       Repeater: A device that amplifies an input signal for re-transmission.

       Satellite services: Used for links with countries that cannot be reached by cable, or as an alternative to cable, and to form closed user networks.

       SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy): A hierarchical set of digital transport structures, standardized for the transport of suitably adapted payloads over physical transmission networks.

       Sectorization: The process of dividing cells into sectors by using directional antennae at the base station. Sectorization reduces co-channel interference which permits smaller cells and increases network capacity.

       Services control points (SCP): A database that is able to screen the full ten digits of an 800 number and route calls to the appropriate, customer-designated long-distance carrier.

       Signaling network: A network used for signaling by one or more users and consisting of signaling points and connecting signal links.

       SLDD: A digital dedicated line service with speed options varying between 1.2Kbps and 2Mbps, that allows data transfer with practically null delay and transparency to protocols. SLDD makes it possible to form point to point or multi-point networks by means of dedicated circuits.

       SLS (Specialized Limited Service): Limited telephonic, telegraphic, data-communication service or any other type of telecommunications service for one person or a group of persons for the accomplishment of specific activity.

       Switch: Used to set up and route telephone calls either to the number called or to the next switch along the path. They may also record information for billing and control purposes. Also known as an "exchange."

       TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access): A standard of digital cellular telecommunications technology.

       Telnet: A program that allows the user to connect to other computers on the internet. The process by which a person using one computer can sign on to a computer in another city, state or country.

       Universal service: The obligation to supply basic service to all users throughout the national territory at reasonable prices.

       Value Added Services: Services that provide additional functionality to the basic transmission services offered by a telecommunications network.

       VC1: Rate for local calls made from fixed-line to cellular.

       VC2: Rate for calls made from fixed-line to cellular, outside the cellular subscriber's registration area but inside the region where the respective cellular provider provides service.

       VC3: Rate for calls made from fixed-line to cellular, outside the cellular subscriber's registration area and outside the region where the respective cellular provider provides service.

       VSAT (Satellite Network Technology): A telecommunication system based on wireless satellite technology. The term "VSAT" stands for Very Small Aperture Terminal. VSAT technology is comprised of a small satellite earth station and an antenna of approximately 1.8 meters in diameter.

SIGNATURES

       The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this Annual Report on its behalf.

  BRASIL TELECOM S.A.
 
 
  By:            /s/ Carla Cico
____________________________________
  Name: Carla Cico
  Title: Chief Executive Officer
 
 
  By:            /s/ Paulo Pedrão Rio Branco
____________________________________
  Name: Paulo Pedrão Rio Branco
  Title: Financial Executive Officer
Dated: June 30, 2003  

CERTIFICATIONS

Certification of Carla Cico, Chief Executive Officer

I, Carla Cico, certify that:

1.

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Brasil Telecom S.A.;

 
2.

Based on my knowledge, this Annual Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report;

 
3.

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this annual report;

 
4.

The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the registrant and have:


  (i)

designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this annual report is being prepared;

 
  (ii)

evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this annual report (the "Evaluation Date"); and

 
  (iii)

presented in this annual report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on our evaluation as of the Evaluation Date;


5.

The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):


  (i)

all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls which could adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data and have identified for the registrant's auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls; and

 
  (ii)

any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal controls; and


6.

The registrant's other certifying officer and I have indicated in this annual report whether or not there were significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.


  June 30, 2003             /s/ Carla Cico
______________________________
    Carla Cico
    Chief Executive Officer, Brasil Telecom S.A.

Certification of Paulo Pedrão Rio Branco, Financial Executive Officer

I, Paulo Pedrão Rio Branco, certify that:

1.

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Brasil Telecom S.A.;

 
2.

Based on my knowledge, this Annual Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report;

 
3.

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this annual report;

 
4.

The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the registrant and have:


  (i)

designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this annual report is being prepared;

 
  (ii)

evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this annual report (the "Evaluation Date"); and

 
  (iii)

presented in this annual report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on our evaluation as of the Evaluation Date;


5.

The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):


  (i)

all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls which could adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data and have identified for the registrant's auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls; and

 
  (ii)

any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal controls; and


6.

The registrant's other certifying officer and I have indicated in this annual report whether or not there were significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.


  June 30, 2003             /s/ Paulo Pedrã Rio Branco
______________________________
    Paulo Pedrão Rio Branco
    Financial Executive Officer, Brasil Telecom S.A.

INDEX TO EXHIBITS

Number
Exhibit

Exhibit

Sequential
Numbering
 
1.1

Amended and Restated Charter of the Registrant(1)

 --
 
1.2

Amended and Restated Charter of the Registrant (English translation)(1)

 --
 
1.3

Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant

 135
 
1.4

Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (English translation)

 147
 
2.1

Form of Deposit Agreement to be executed among the Registrant, Citibank N.A., as Depositary, and the Holders and Beneficial Owners of American Depositary Shares evidenced by American Depositary Receipts issued thereunder(2)

 --
 
3.1

Amendment to the Amended and Restated Shareholders' Agreement(3)

--
 
4.1

Standard Concession Agreement for Local, Switched, Fixed-Line Telephone Service(2)

--
 
4.2

Standard Concession Agreement for Local, Switched, Fixed-Line Telephone Service and Schedule of Omitted Concession Agreements (English translation)(2)(4)

--
 
4.3

Standard Concession Agreement for Domestic Long-Distance, Switched, Fixed-Line Telephone Service(2)

 --
 
4.4

Standard Concession Agreement for Domestic Long-Distance, Switched, Fixed-Line Telephone Service and Schedule of Omitted Concession Agreements (English translation)(2)(4)

--
 
8.1

List of subsidiaries of the Registrant, their jurisdiction of incorporation and names under which they do business

 155
_____________________________________
(1) Filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Annual Report on Form 20-F, filed on July 15, 2002.
(2) Filed as an Exhibit to Amendment No. 1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form 20-F, filed on October 31, 2001.
(3) Filed with the company's Report on Form 6-K, filed on October9, 2002.
(4) Pursuant to Rule 12b-31 under the Exchange Act the Registrant is not filing a copy of each concession agreement for each region because such agreements are substantially identical in all material respects except as enumerated in the schedule attached to each standard concession agreement.

EXHIBIT 8.1

LIST OF SUBSIDIARIES OF

BRASIL TELECOM S.A.

1.

BrT Serviços de Internet S.A. (a wholly-owned subsidiary of Brasil Telecom S.A.), incorporated under the laws of Brazil

 
2.

Brasil Telecom Celular S.A. (a wholly-owned subsidiary of Brasil Telecom S.A.), incorporated under the laws of Brazil

EXHIBIT 1.3

AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS

ESTATUTO SOCIAL

BRASIL TELECOM S.A.

CAPÍTULO I

REGIME JURÍDICO

Art.     1º — A Brasil Telecom S.A é uma sociedade por ações, de capital aberto, que se rege pelo presente Estatuto e legislação aplicável.

Art.     2º — A Companhia tem por objeto a exploração de serviços de telecomunicações e atividades necessárias, ou úteis à execução desses serviços, na conformidade das concessões, autorizações e permissões que lhe forem outorgadas.

Parágrafo Único — Na consecução de seu objeto, a Companhia poderá incorporar ao seu patrimônio bens e direitos de terceiros, bem como:
I — participar do capital de outras empresas, visando ao cumprimento da política nacional de telecomunicações;
II — constituir subsidiárias integrais para execução de atividades compreendidas no seu objeto e que se recomende sejam descentralizadas;
III — promover a importação de bens e serviços necessários à execução de atividades compreendidas no seu objeto;
IV — prestar serviços de assistência técnica a empresas de telecomunicações, executando atividades de interesse comum;
V — efetuar atividades de estudos e pesquisas visando ao desenvolvimento do setor de telecomunicações;
VI – celebrar contratos e convênios com outras empresas exploradoras de serviços de telecomunicações ou quaisquer pessoas ou entidades, objetivando a assegurar a operação dos serviços, sem prejuízo das suas atribuições e responsabilidades; e
VII — exercer outras atividades afins ou correlatas ao seu objeto social.

Art.     3º — A Companhia tem sede em Brasília, Distrito Federal, no SIA SUL – ASP – LOTE D – BLOCO B, podendo, por deliberação da Diretoria, observado o disposto no artigo 31, criar e extinguir filiais e escritórios em qualquer ponto de sua área de atuação.

Art.     4º — O prazo de duração da Companhia é indeterminado.

CAPÍTULO II

CAPITAL SOCIAL

Art.     5º — O Capital Social, subscrito, totalmente integralizado, é de R$ 3.373.097.341,75 (três bilhões, trezentos e setenta e três milhões, noventa e sete mil, trezentos e quarenta e um reais e setenta e cinco centavos), representado por 545.166.139.940 (quinhentos e quarenta e cinco bilhões, cento e sessenta e seis milhões, cento e trinta e nove mil, novecentas e quarenta) ações, sendo 249.597.049.542 (duzentos e quarenta e nove bilhões, quinhentos e noventa e sete milhões, quarenta e nove mil, quinhentos e quarenta e duas) ações ordinárias e 295.569.090.398 (duzentos e noventa e cinco bilhões, quinhentos e sessenta e nove milhões, noventa mil e trezentas e noventa e oito) ações preferenciais, todas nominativas e sem valor nominal.

Art.     6º — A Companhia está autorizada a aumentar o capital social, mediante deliberação do Conselho de Administração, até o limite total de 560.000.000.000 (quinhentos e sessenta bilhões) de ações ordinárias ou preferenciais, observado o limite legal de 2/3 (dois terços) no caso de emissão de novas ações preferenciais sem direito a voto.

Art.     7º — Por deliberação da Assembléia Geral ou do Conselho de Administração, o capital da Companhia poderá ser aumentado pela capitalização de lucros acumulados ou de reservas anteriores a isto destinados pela Assembléia Geral.

Parágrafo 1º — A capitalização poderá ser feita sem modificação do número de ações.

Parágrafo 2º — O valor do saldo da reserva inferior a 1% (um por cento) do capital social poderá não ser capitalizado.

Art.     8º — O capital social é representado por ações ordinárias e preferenciais, sem valor nominal, não havendo obrigatoriedade, nos aumentos de capital, de se guardar proporção entre elas.

Art.     9º — Por deliberação da Assembléia Geral ou do Conselho de Administração, pode ser excluído o direito de preferência para emissão de ações, bônus de subscrição ou debêntures conversíveis em ações, nas hipóteses previstas no artigo 172 da Lei das Sociedades por Ações.

CAPÍTULO III

AÇÕES

Art.     10 — O capital social é representado por ações ordinárias nominativas e preferenciais nominativas e sem valor nominal.

Art.     11 — A cada ação ordinária corresponde o direito a um voto nas deliberações da Assembléia Geral.

Art.     12 — As ações preferenciais não têm direito a voto, sendo a elas assegurada prioridade no recebimento de dividendo mínimo e não cumulativo de 6% (seis por cento) ao ano calculado sobre o valor resultante da divisão do capital social pelo número total de ações da companhia ou de 3% (três por cento) ao ano, calculado sobre o valor resultante da divisão do patrimônio líquido contábil pelo número total de ações da companhia, o que for maior.

Parágrafo 1º — As ações preferenciais da Companhia, observado o caput deste artigo, terão direito de voto, mediante votação em separado, nas decisões relativas à contratação de entidades estrangeiras vinculadas aos acionistas controladores, nos casos específicos de contratos de prestação de serviços de gerência, inclusive assistência técnica;

Parágrafo 2º — As ações preferencias da Companhia, observado o caput deste artigo, terão direito de voto nas decisões relativas à contratação de entidades estrangeiras vinculadas aos acionistas controladores, a título de prestação de serviços de gerência, inclusive assistência técnica, e cujos valores não poderão exceder os seguintes percentuais da receita anual do Serviço Telefônico Fixo Comutado, do Serviço de Rede de Transporte de Telecomunicações e do Serviço Telefônico Móvel Rodoviário, líquida de impostos e contribuições: (i)1% (um por cento) ao ano, até 31 de dezembro de 2000; (ii)0,5% (zero vírgula cinco por cento) ao ano, de 1º de janeiro de 2001 a 31 de dezembro de 2002; e (iii) 0,2% (zero vírgula dois por cento) ao ano, a partir de 1º de janeiro de 2003.

Parágrafo 3º — As ações preferenciais adquirirão direito a voto se a Companhia, por 3 (três) exercícios consecutivos, deixar de pagar dividendos mínimos a que fazem jus nos termos deste artigo.

Art.     13 — As ações da Companhia são escriturais, sendo mantidas em conta de depósito, em instituição financeira, em nome de seus titulares sem emissão de certificados.

CAPÍTULO IV

ASSEMBLÉIA GERAL

Art.     14 — A Assembléia Geral é o órgão superior da Companhia, com poderes para deliberar sobre todos os negócios relativos ao objeto social e tomar as providências que julgar convenientes à defesa e desenvolvimento da Companhia.

Art.     15 – Além das atribuições previstas em lei, compete privativamente à Assembléia Geral fixar a remuneração global dos membros do Conselho de Administração e da Diretoria e a remuneração individual dos membros do Conselho Fiscal.

Art.     16 — A Assembléia Geral é convocada pelo Conselho de Administração, ou na forma prevista no parágrafo único do artigo 123 da Lei nº 6.404/76. Quando o Conselho de Administração convocar a Assembléia Geral, caberá ao seu Presidente consubstanciar o ato.

Art.     17 — A Assembléia Geral é instalada pelo Presidente da Companhia ou, na ausência ou impedimento deste, por qualquer Diretor, ou ainda, por procurador devidamente investido de poderes específicos para esse fim. A Assembléia será presidida pelo Presidente da Companhia, cabendo ao mesmo a escolha do secretário. Na ausência do Presidente da Companhia, a Assembléia será presidida por qualquer diretor ou procurador investido de poderes específicos. Na hipótese de ausência e/ou impedimento de quaisquer diretores e do(s) seu(s) procurador(es), observada a mecânica prevista neste artigo, compete à Assembléia eleger o presidente da mesa e o respectivo secretário.

Art.     18 — Dos trabalhos e deliberações da Assembléia Geral será lavrada ata em livro próprio, assinada pelos membros da mesa e pelos acionistas presentes, que representem, no mínimo, a maioria necessária para as deliberações tomadas.

Parágrafo 1º — A ata pode ser lavrada na forma de sumário dos fatos, inclusive dissidência e protestos.

Parágrafo 2º — Salvo deliberação em contrário da Assembléia, as atas serão publicadas com omissão das assinaturas dos acionistas.

Art.     19 — Anualmente, nos 4 (quatro) primeiros meses subsequentes ao término do exercício social, a Assembléia Geral se reunirá ordinariamente, para:

I — tomar as contas dos Administradores; examinar, discutir e votar as demonstrações financeiras;
II — deliberar sobre a destinação do lucro líquido do exercício; e
III — eleger os membros do Conselho Fiscal, e quando for o caso, os Administradores da Companhia;

Art.     20 — A Assembléia Geral se reunirá, extraordinariamente, sempre que os interesses da Companhia o exigirem.

CAPÍTULO V

ADMINISTRAÇÃO DA COMPANHIA

Seção I

Normas Gerais

Art.     21 — A Administração da Companhia será exercida pelo Conselho de Administração e pela Diretoria.

Parágrafo 1º — O Conselho de Administração, órgão de deliberação colegiada, exercerá a Administração Superior da Companhia.

Parágrafo 2º — A Diretoria é o órgão de representação executivo da Administração da Companhia, atuando cada um de seus membros, segundo a respectiva competência.

Parágrafo 3º — As atribuições e poderes conferidos por Lei a cada um dos órgãos da Administração, não podem ser outorgados a outro órgão.

Art.     22 — Os administradores tomam posse mediante termos lavrados no Livro de Atas das Reuniões do Conselho de Administração ou da Diretoria, conforme o caso.

Art.     23 — É de 3 (três) anos o mandato dos administradores, permitida a reeleição.

Parágrafo Único – Os mandatos dos administradores reputam-se prorrogados até a posse de seus sucessores.

Seção II

Conselho de Administração

Art.     24 – Além das atribuições previstas em lei, compete ao Conselho de Administração:

I.     aprovar o orçamento anual da Companhia, o plano de metas e de estratégia de negócios previsto para o período de vigência do orçamento;

II.     deliberar sobre o aumento do capital da Companhia até o limite do capital autorizado, bem como deliberar sobre a emissão de ações ou bônus de subscrição, inclusive com a exclusão do direito de preferência dos acionistas, fixando as condições de emissão e de colocação das ações ou bônus de subscrição;

III.     autorizar a emissão de notas promissórias comerciais para subscrição pública (“commercial papers”);

IV.     resolver, quando delegado pela Assembléia Geral, sobre as condições de emissão de debêntures, conforme disposto no Parágrafo 1º do artigo 59 da Lei nº 6.404/76;

V.     autorizar a venda de debêntures, inclusive conversíveis em ações, de emissão da Companhia que estejam em tesouraria;

VI.     autorizar a aquisição de ações de emissão da Companhia, para efeito de cancelamento ou permanência em tesouraria e posterior alienação;

VII.     aprovar a participação ou alienação da participação da Companhia no capital de outras sociedades;

VIII.     autorizar a alienação ou oneração de bens integrantes do ativo permanente da Companhia, envolvendo um valor igual ou superior a R$ 500.000,00 (quinhentos mil reais), valor esse a ser mensalmente reajustado, a partir de 30 de setembro de 1999, com base na variação do IGP-DI (Índice Geral de Preços – Disponibilidade Interna) ou, na falta deste, pelo índice que venha a substituí-lo, sendo certo, no entanto, que tal valor não poderá ser inferior ao valor contábil do referido bem;

IX.     autorizar a aquisição de bens para o ativo permanente, cujo valor individual seja superior a 1% (um por cento) do patrimônio líquido;

X.     dentro do limite do capital autorizado, aprovar a outorga de opção de compra de ações a seus administradores, empregados e a pessoas naturais que prestem serviços à Companhia;

XI.     autorizar a prestação de garantias reais ou fidejussórias pela Companhia em favor de terceiros;

XII.     autorizar a prática de atos gratuitos, em benefício dos empregados ou da comunidade, tendo em vista as responsabilidades sociais da Companhia, sendo que a prestação de fianças para empregados no caso de transferências e/ou remanejamentos interestaduais e/ou intermunicipais não configura matéria que dependa de prévia aprovação do Conselho de Administração;

XIII.     aprovar a contratação de empréstimos, financiamentos, arrendamento mercantil e emissão notas promissórias não previstos no orçamento da Companhia, e cujo valor individual seja superior a 1% (um por cento) do patrimônio líquido;

XIV.     autorizar investimentos em novos negócios ou a criação de subsidiária;

XV.     deliberar sobre a aprovação de programa de “Depositary Receipts” de emissão da Companhia;

XVI.     autorizar a Companhia a celebrar, alterar ou rescindir Acordos de Acionistas;

XVII.     aprovar a política de previdência complementar da Companhia e os acordos coletivos;

XVIII.     aprovar o Regimento Interno do Conselho de Administração;

XIX.     aprovar a proposta da Diretoria com relação ao Regimento da Companhia com a respectiva estrutura organizacional, inclusive a competência e atribuição dos Diretores da Companhia;

XX.     eleger e destituir, a qualquer tempo, os Diretores da Companhia, inclusive o Presidente, fixando-lhes as atribuições, observadas as disposições deste estatuto;

XXI.     ratear o montante global da remuneração, fixado pela Assembléia Geral, entre os Conselheiros e Diretores da Companhia, fixando-lhes a remuneração individual;

XXII.     executar outras atividades que lhe sejam cometidas pela Assembléia Geral; e

XXIII.     fazer cumprir com que a Companhia, durante o prazo de concessão e sua prorrogação, obrigue-se a assegurar a efetiva existência, em território nacional, dos centros de deliberação e implementação das decisões estratégicas, gerenciais e técnicas envolvidas no cumprimento do Contrato de Concessão do STFC, do Termo de Autorização para Serviço de Rede de Transporte de Telecomunicações, do Termo de Autorização para Serviço Telefônico Móvel Rodoviário, inclusive fazendo refletir tal obrigação na composição e nos procedimentos decisórios de seus órgãos de administração.

Art.     25 — O Conselho de Administração é composto de 7 (sete) membros efetivos e igual número de suplentes.

Parágrafo 1º — Os membros do Conselho de Administração e respectivos suplentes são eleitos pela Assembléia Geral que escolhe, dentre eles, o Presidente do Conselho.

Parágrafo 2º — Os titulares de ações preferenciais terão direito de eleger, por votação em separado, um membro do Conselho de Administração e respectivo suplente.

Parágrafo 3º — A alteração do disposto no Parágrafo 2º deste artigo dependerá de aprovação, em separado, dos titulares das ações preferenciais.

Art.     26 – Os membros do Conselho de Administração serão substituídos em suas faltas, impedimento ou vacância, pelo respectivo suplente.

Parágrafo Único: Na hipótese de vacância de cargo de membro do Conselho de Administração e, não assumindo o suplente, observar-se-á o disposto no Art. 150 da Lei 6.404/76

Art.     27 — O Conselho de Administração se reúne ordinariamente uma vez em cada bimestre calendário e, extraordinariamente, mediante convocação feita por seu Presidente ou por 2 (dois) Conselheiros, lavrando-se ata das reuniões.

Parágrafo único – As convocações se fazem por carta, telegrama ou fax entregues com a antecedência mínima de 10 (dez) dias, salvo nas hipóteses de manifesta urgência, a critério exclusivo do Presidente do Conselho de Administração, devendo a comunicação conter a ordem do dia.

Art.     28 — O Conselho de Administração delibera por maioria absoluta de votos, presente a maioria de seus membros, cabendo ao Presidente do Conselho, quando for o caso, baixar os atos que consubstanciem essas deliberações.

Seção III

Diretoria

Art.     29 — A Diretoria é composta de um Presidente e 3 (três) Diretores assim titulados: I. Diretor Financeiro; II. Diretor de Rede; e III. Diretor de Recursos Humanos.

Art.     30 — Nas ausências e impedimentos do Presidente, este será substituído pelo Diretor Financeiro.

Parágrafo 1º — No caso de faltas e impedimentos simultâneos do Presidente e do Diretor Financeiro, a Presidência é exercida pelo Diretor designado pelo Conselho de Administração.

Parágrafo 2º — Os demais membros da Diretoria serão substituídos, nas suas ausências e impedimentos temporários, por outro membro da Diretoria indicado pelo Presidente.

Parágrafo 3º — Na hipótese de vacância de cargo de Diretor, o Conselho de Administração promoverá a eleição do substituto para completar o mandato do substituído.

Art.     31 — Observadas as disposições contidas neste Estatuto, serão necessárias para vincular a Companhia: (i) a assinatura conjunta de 2 (dois) Diretores, sendo um deles necessariamente o Presidente; (ii) a assinatura de 1 (um) Diretor em conjunto com um procurador, ou (iii) a assinatura de 2 (dois) procuradores em conjunto, investidos de poderes específicos.

Parágrafo Único — Os instrumentos de mandato outorgados pela Companhia que serão assinados por 2 (dois) Diretores em conjunto, sendo um deles necessariamente o Presidente, deverão especificar os poderes conferidos e, com exceção daqueles para fins judiciais, terão prazo máximo de validade de 1 (um) ano.

Art.     32 — É a seguinte a competência específica de cada um dos membros da Diretoria:

I — Presidente — A execução da política, das diretrizes e das atividades relacionadas ao objeto social da Companhia, conforme especificado pelo Conselho de Administração.

II — Diretor Financeiro — A execução da política, das diretrizes e das atividades econômico-financeiras e contábeis da Companhia, conforme especificado pelo Conselho de Administração.

III — Diretor de Rede — O planejamento e execução dos projetos de engenharia de rede orientados para a expansão e modernização da rede, prospectar novas tecnologias, conforme especificado pelo Conselho de Administração.

IV — Diretor de Recursos Humanos — Administrar e orientar as ações relativas à gestão da Companhia, compreendendo a captação, o dimensionamento, a educação e o desenvolvimento dos Agentes Humanos da empresa, conforme especificado pelo Conselho de Administração.

CAPÍTULO VI

CONSELHO FISCAL

Art.     33 — O Conselho Fiscal é o órgão de fiscalização da administração da Companhia, devendo funcionar permanentemente.

Art.     34 — O Conselho Fiscal será composto de 3 (três) a 5 (cinco) membros efetivos e igual número de suplentes.

Parágrafo 1º — O mandato dos membros do Conselho Fiscal termina na primeira Assembléia Geral Ordinária subsequente à respectiva eleição, permitida a reeleição, permanecendo os Conselheiros nos cargos até a posse de seus sucessores.

Parágrafo 2º — Os membros do Conselho Fiscal, em sua primeira reunião, elegerão o seu Presidente, a quem caberá dar cumprimento às deliberações do órgão.

Parágrafo 3º — O Conselho Fiscal poderá solicitar à Companhia a designação de pessoal qualificado para secretariá-lo e prestar-lhe apoio técnico.

Art.     35 — O Conselho Fiscal se reúne, ordinariamente, uma vez a cada trimestre e, extraordinariamente, quando necessário.

Parágrafo 1º — As reuniões são convocadas pelo Presidente do Conselho Fiscal ou por 2 (dois) membros do Conselho Fiscal.

Parágrafo 2º — O Conselho Fiscal se manifesta por maioria absoluta de votos, presente a maioria dos seus membros.

Art.     36 — Os membros do Conselho Fiscal são substituídos, em suas faltas e impedimentos, pelo respectivo suplente.

Art.     37 — Além dos casos de morte, renúncia, destituição e outros previstos em lei, dá-se a vacância do cargo quando o membro do Conselho Fiscal deixar de comparecer, sem justa causa, a 2 (duas) reuniões consecutivas ou 3 (três) intercaladas, no exercício anual.

Parágrafo Único — No caso de vacância de cargo de membro do Conselho Fiscal e não assumindo o suplente, a Assembléia Geral se reunirá imediatamente para eleger substituto.

CAPÍTULO VII

EXERCÍCIO SOCIAL E DAS DEMONSTRAÇÕES FINANCEIRAS

Art.     38 — O exercício social coincide com o ano civil.

Art.     39 – Ao final de cada exercício social, a Diretoria fará elaborar o Balanço Patrimonial e as demais demonstrações financeiras exigidas em lei.

Art.     40 — O Conselho de Administração apresentará à Assembléia Geral, juntamente com as demonstrações financeiras, proposta de destinação do lucro líquido do exercício, com observância do disposto neste estatuto e na lei.

Parágrafo Único — Dos lucros líquidos ajustados, 25% (vinte e cinco por cento) serão obrigatoriamente distribuídos como dividendos, na forma do disposto no artigo seguinte.

Art.     41 — Os dividendos serão pagos prioritariamente às ações preferenciais até o limite da preferência, a seguir, serão pagos aos titulares de ações ordinárias até o limite das preferenciais; o saldo será rateado por todas as ações, em igualdade de condições.

Parágrafo Único — Salvo deliberação em contrário da Assembléia Geral, os dividendos serão pagos “pro rata” dia, subsequente ao da realização do capital.

Art.     42 — Após pago o dividendo mínimo obrigatório, a Assembléia Geral resolverá sobre o destino do saldo remanescente do lucro líquido do exercício, o qual, por proposta da administração, poderá destinar-se, nas proporções que vierem a ser deliberadas, a: (i) pagamento de dividendo suplementar aos acionistas; (ii) transferência para o exercício seguinte, como lucros acumulados, desde que devidamente justificada pelos administradores para financiar plano de investimento previsto em orçamento de capital.

Art.     43 – A Companhia pode, por deliberação do Conselho de Administração, pagar ou creditar, a título de dividendos, juros sobre o capital próprio nos termos do artigo 9º, parágrafo 7º, da Lei nº 9.249, de 26.12.95. Os juros pagos serão compensados com o valor do dividendo anual mínimo obrigatório devido tantos aos titulares de ações ordinárias quanto aos das ações preferenciais.

Art.     44 — A Companhia, por deliberação do Conselho de Administração, pode, observadas as limitações legais:

(i)     levantar balanços semestrais ou em períodos menores e, com base neles, declarar dividendos; e

(ii)     declarar dividendos intermediários à conta de lucros acumulados ou de reservas de lucros existentes no último balanço anual ou semestral.

Art.     45 — A Companhia pode, por deliberação da Assembléia Geral, observados os limites legais, atribuir participação nos lucros a seus administradores e empregados.

CAPÍTULO VIII

LIQUIDAÇÃO DA COMPANHIA

Art.     46 — A Companhia dissolve-se, entrando em liquidação, nos casos previstos em lei ou por deliberação da Assembléia, que determinará o modo de liquidação e elegerá o liquidante e o conselho fiscal para o período da liquidação, fixando-lhes as respectivas remunerações.

ALTERAÇÕES DESTE ESTATUTO

Estatuto consolidado com alterações aprovadas por deliberações das Assembléias Gerais Extraordinárias, realizadas em 28.04.2000, ratificada em AGE de 16.06.2000, e AGEs de 28.07.2000, 12.09.2000, 01.11.2000, 04.04.2001, 29.04.2002, 19.12.2002 e 23.04.2003.

EXHIBIT 1.4

AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS

BRASIL TELECOM S.A.

BY LAWS

CHAPTER I

LEGAL SYSTEM

1st Article — Brasil Telecom S.A. is an open joint stock company, which is governed by the present Bylaw and by the applicable legislation.

2nd Article — The object of the Company is to offer telecommunication services and activities required or useful for the operation of these services, in conformity with the granted concessions, authorizations and permits:

Sole Paragraph – In the achievement of its object, the Company may include goods and rights of third parties in its net assets, as well as:

I. participate in the capital of other companies aimed at the accomplishment of the national telecommunication policy;
II. organize integral subsidiaries for the performance of the activities comprised in the object and which are recommended to be decentralized;
III. perform or promote the import of goods and services needed for the execution of the activities comprised in the object;
IV. render technical assistance services to the other telecommunication companies, performing activities of common interest;
V. perform study and research activities aimed at the development of the telecommunication sector;
VI. sign contracts and agreements with other telecommunication service companies or any person or entity, aiming at assuring the operation of the services, with no loss of its attributions and responsibilities;
VII. exert other activities related or correlated to the corporate object.

3rd Article — The Company is headquartered in Brasilia, Federal District, at SIA SUL – ASP – LOTE D – BLOCO B, and may, by decision of the Board, in accordance with the provisions in article 31 of this Corporate Bylaw, create and close branches and offices at any point in the national territory or abroad.

4th Article — The duration term of the Company is indeterminate.

CHAPTER II

CAPITAL STOCK

5th Article — The subscribed Capital Stock, totally paid off, is R$ 3,373,097,341.75 (three billion, three hundred and seventy three million, ninety seven thousand, three hundred and forty one reais and seventy centavos), divided in 249,597,049,542 (two hundred and forty nine billion, five hundred and ninety seven million, forty nine thousand, five hundred and forty two) common shares and 295,569,090,398 (two hundred and ninety five billion, five hundred and seventy nine million, ninety thousand and three hundred and ninety eight) preferred shares, all nominative shares, at no par value.

6th Article — The company is authorized to increase the capital stock, upon the deliberation of the Board Council, up to the limit of 560,000,000,000 (five hundred and sixty billion) shares, common or preferred, in accordance with the legal limit of 2/3 (two thirds) for the emission of new preferred shares with no right to vote.

7th Article — Through the deliberation of the General Assembly or of the Board Council, the capital of the Company may be increased by the capitalization of retained earnings or by reserves formerly made for this purpose by the General Assembly.

1st Paragraph — The capitalization shall be carried out with no alteration in the number of shares.

2nd Paragraph — The value of the balance of reserves below 1% (one percent) of capital stock may not be capitalized.

8th Article — The capital stock is represented by common and preferred shares, no par value, and it is not required to keep them proportional, in relation to the capital increases.

9th Article — Through the deliberation of the General Assembly or of the Board Council, the preferential right at the subscription of share, issue bonds or debentures convertible into shares, in the cases predicted in article 172 of the Corporate Law, may be excluded.

CHAPTER III

SHARES

10th Article – The capital stock is represented by common nominal and preferred nominal shares and no par value.

11th Article — Each common share corresponds to the right of one vote at the deliberations of the General Assembly.

12th Article – The preferred shares have no right to vote, being assured to them priority in the payment of the minimum and non cumulative dividend of 6% (six percent) per year of the value of the division of the capital stock by the total number of shares of the Company or 3% (three percent) per year of the book value of shareholders’ equity divided by the total number of shares of the Company, whichever is higher.

1st Paragraph — The preferred shares of the Company shall be granted the right to vote, through separate voting, in the decisions related to employment of foreign entities linked to the controlling shareholders, in the specific cases of management service agreements, including technical assistance, in accordance with the terms of the caption of this article.

2nd Paragraph — The preferred shares of the Company shall be granted the right to vote in the decisions related to employment of foreign entities linked to the controlling shareholders, in terms of management services, including technical assistance, and whose values shall not exceed the following percentages of annual sales for the Fixed Switched Telephone Service of the Telecommunication Transport Network and the Mobile Highway Telephone Service, free of tax and contributions: (i)1% (one percent) a year, up to December 31, 2000; (ii)0.5% (zero point five percent) a year, from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2002; and (iii) 0.2% (zero point two percent) a year, as of January 1, 2003, in accordance with the terms of the caption of this article.

3rd Paragraph — The preferred shares shall be granted the right to vote if the Company, for 3 (three) consecutive years omits to pay the minimum dividends due to it in accordance with the terms of the caption of this article.

13th Article — The shares of the Company are subscribed, and are kept at a deposit account at a financial institution in the name of the titleholders without the issue of certificates.

CHAPTER IV

GENERAL ASSEMBLY

14th Article – The General Assembly is the governing entity of the Company, with powers to deliberate over all business related to the corporate object and to take the measures it deems necessary for the protection and the development of the Company.

15th Article – Besides the attributions set forth by law, the General Assembly is responsible for setting the global remuneration of the members of the Board Council and of the Board and the individual remuneration of the members of the Audit Committee.

16th Article — The General Assembly is convened by the Board Council, or in the form predicted in the Sole Paragraph of Article 123 of Law no 6,404/76. Whenever the Board Council summons a General Assembly it is the Chairman’s duty to co-substantiate the act.

17th Article — The General Assembly is convened by the President of the Company or, in his absence or due to his impediment, by any Director, or also, by attorney-in-fact duly invested of specific powers for this purpose. The Assembly shall be presided by the Chairman of the Board Council, who is also responsible for choosing the secretary. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board Council, the Assembly shall be chaired by any director or by attorney-in-fact duly vested of specific powers. In the case of absence and/or impediment of any directors and attorney-in-fact, as predicted in the terms of this article, the Assembly must elect the chairman of the board and the respective secretary.

18th Article – The discussions and deliberations of the General Assembly shall be recorded in the book of minutes, signed by the members of the board and by the shareholders present, which represent, at least, the majority required for the deliberations assumed.

1st Paragraph — The minutes may be recorded in the form of a fact summary, including disagreements and protests.

2nd Paragraph — Except for counter deliberations of the Assembly, the minutes shall be published with omission of the signatures of the shareholders.

19th Article – Annually, at the four first months subsequent to the corporate yearend, the General Assembly will convene, ordinarily, to: I. take the accounts of the Administrators, examine, discuss and vote over the financial statements; II. deliberate about the destination of the net profit of the year; and III. elect the members of the Audit Committee and, whenever the case, the members of the Board Council.

20th Article – The General Assembly shall convene, extraordinarily, whenever the interests of the Company require so.

CHAPTER V

COMPANY ADMINISTRATION

Section I

General Norms

21st Article – The Administration of the Company is performed by the Board Council and by the Board.

1st Paragraph — The Board Council, the body of the Company that deliberates as a group, executes the Top Administration Level of the Company.

2nd Paragraph — The Board is the body of the Company that represents the executive Administration of the Company, each member acting in accordance with their respective competence.

3rd Paragraph — The attributions and powers granted by Law to each one of the administrative bodies may not be granted to any other body.

22nd Article — The administrators come into power at the writing of the terms into the Book of Minutes of the Assemblies of the Board Council or of the Board, according to the case.

23rd Article – The mandate of the administrators is of 3 (three) years, with reelection allowed.

Sole Paragraph – The mandate of the administrators run until their successors come into power.

Section II

Board Council

24th Article – Besides the attributions predicted by law, the Board Council is responsible for:

I. approving the annual budget of the Company, besides the objective and business strategy plan predicted for the period of validity of the budget;
II. deliberating over the capital increase of the Company up to the limit of the authorized capital, as well as deliberating over the issue of stock or subscription bonus, including with the exclusion of the preferential right of the shareholders, setting the issue and placement conditions of the stock or subscription bonus;
III. authorizing the issue of commercial papers for public subscription;
IV. resolving, when delegated by the General Assembly, about the conditions of issue of the debentures, according to the provisions of the 1st Paragraph in Article 59 of Law no 6,404/76;
V. authorizing the sale of debentures, including those convertible into shares, issued by the Company that are in the treasury;
VI. authorizing the acquisition of Company issued shares, for the purpose of cancellation or permanence in the treasury and subsequent sale;
VII. approving the participation or sale of participation of the Company in the capital of other companies;
VIII. authorizing the sale or burden of goods which integrate the fixed assets of the Company, involving an amount equal or above R$ 500.000,00 (five hundred thousand reals), adjusted monthly, as of September 30, 1999, based on the variation of the IGP-DI (General Price Index – Internal Availability) or, in the absence of the latter, by the index that comes to substitute it, however, this amount cannot be lower than the book value of the referent good;
IX. authorizing the acquisition of goods for the fixed assets whose individual value is above 1% (one percent) of the net equity of the Company;
X. within the limit of authorized capital, approving the grant for the option of the purchase of stock to its administrators, employees and to individuals that render services to the Company;
XI. authorizing the rendering of real or personal guarantees by the Company in favor of third parties;
XII. authorizing the practice of gratuitous acts, in benefit of the employees or of the community, in view of the corporate responsibilities of the Company, of which the rendering of guarantees to employees in the case of transfers and/or interstate and/or inter-city relocation, does not imply in a matter that depends on the prior approval of the Board Council;
XIII. approving the employment of loans, financing, leasing and issue of commercial papers whose individual value is above 1% (one percent) of the net equity of the Company;
XIV. authorizing investments in new businesses or the creation of a subsidiary;
XV. deliberating over the approval of a “Depositary Receipt” program issued by the Company;
XVI. authorizing the Company, to sign, alter or rescind Shareholder Agreements;
XVII. approving the policy for complementary social security of the Company and the collective agreements;
XVIII. approving the Internal Rules of the Board Council;
XIX. approving the proposal of the Board in relation to Company Rules with the respective organizational structure, including at the competence and attribution of the Directors of the Company;
XX. electing and dismissing, at any moment, the Directors of the Company, including the Chairman, assigning attributions to them, in accordance with the provisions of this bylaw;
XXI. dividing the global remuneration amount, set by the General Assembly, between the Counselors and the Directors of the Company, assigning their individual remuneration;
XXII. performing other activities which may be delegated to it by the General Assembly; and
XXIII. oversee that the Company, during the licensing term and its renewal, bind itself to assuring the effective existence, on national territory, of centers for deliberation and implementation of strategic, managerial and technical decisions involved in the accomplishment of the License Agreement of STFC, the Authorization Term for Telecommunication Transport Network Service, the Authorization Term for Mobile Highway Telephone Service, and also making this obligation reflect on the composition and the decision making procedures of its administration organs.

25th Article — The Board Council is comprised of 7 (seven) effective members and alternates in an even number.

1st Paragraph — The members of the Board Council and respective alternates are elected by the General Assembly, which elects, among them, the Chairman of the Board.

2nd Paragraph – The titleholders of preferred shares shall be granted the right, through separate voting, to elect a member of the Administration Council and his respective alternate.

3rd Paragraph – The alteration of the terms set forth in Paragraph 2 of this article depends on the approval, in separate, of the titleholders of preferred shares.

26th Article – The members of the Administration Council shall be replaced during their absence, impediment or vacancy, by the respective alternate.

Sole Paragraph — In the case of a vacancy in the position of an effective Counselor, the remaining Counselors will appoint among them an alternate, who will take on the role up to the time of the first General Assembly.

27th Article – The Board Council will meet ordinarily once every two calendar months and, extraordinarily, when called to convene by its Chairman or by 2 (two) Counselors, drawing up the minutes of the Assemblies.

Sole Paragraph – The summons shall be made by letter, telegram or fax delivered at least 10 (ten) days in advance, except in urgent cases, at the sole discretion of the Chairman of the Board Council, and the notice must contain the order of the day.

28th Article — The Board Council deliberates by absolute majority of votes, with the presence of the majority of its members, and it is up to the Chairman of the board, when necessary, to remit the proceedings that co-substantiate these deliberations.

Section III

Board

29th Article - The Board is comprised of one Chairman and 3 (three) executive Directors, thus titled:

a) Financial Director;
b) Network Director; and
c) Human Resources Director.

30th Article – In their absence and impediments, the Chairman is substituted by the Financial Director.

1st Paragraph — In the case of simultaneous absences and impediments of the Chairman and the Financial Director, the Board is governed by the Director designated by the Board Council.

2nd Paragraph – All other Board Members shall be substituted, during their absence or temporary impediment by another member of the Board appointed by the President.

3rd Paragraph – In the case of vacancy in the position of an effective Director, the Board Council will promote the election of a substitute to complete the mandate of the substituted person.

31st Article – In accordance with the provisions contained in this Bylaw, it is necessary to link the Company to: (i) the joint signature of 2 (two) Directors, of which one, necessarily, must be the Chairman; (ii) the signature of 1 (one) Director in combination with an attorney-in-fact; or (iii) the joint signature of 2 (two) attorneys-in-fact, vested with specific powers.

Sole Paragraph – The instruments of the mandate granted by the Company, which shall be signed jointly by 2 (two) Directors, of which one must necessarily be the Chairman, must specify the powers granted and, with exception to those used for legal purposes, will have the maximum validity period of 1 (one) year.

32nd Article — The specific responsibility of each one of the members of the Board is the following:

I. Chairman – The execution of the policy, guidelines and the activities related to the corporate object of the Company, according to the terms specified by the Board Council.
II.Financial Director — The execution of the policy, guidelines and the economic-financial and accounting activities of the Company according to the terms specified by the Board Council.
III. Network Director – The planning and execution of network engineering projects aimed at the expansion and modernization of the network and the exploration of new technology, according to the terms specified by the Board Council.
IV. Human Resource Director – Administer and oversee the activities related to Company management, comprised of employment, dimensioning, education and development of company Representatives, according to the terms specified by the Board Council.

CHAPTER VI

AUDIT COMMITTEE

33rd Article — The Audit Committee is the fiscal inspection entity of the Company administration, and must perform permanently.

34th Article — The Audit Committee shall be comprised of 3 (three) to 5 (five) effective members and substitutes in an even number.

1st Paragraph — The mandate of the Audit Committee members ends at the first Annual General Assembly, subsequent to the respective election, reelection allowed, and the Counselors shall remain in their posts until the successors take over.

2nd Paragraph — The Audit Committee members, at their first Assembly, will elect their Chairman, who will be in charge of remitting the deliberations of the group.

3rd Paragraph — The Audit Committee may request that the Company appoint qualified personnel to act as secretary and render technical assistance.

35th Article — The Audit Committee shall meet, ordinarily, once every quarter and, extraordinarily, when required.

1st Paragraph — The Assemblies are summoned by the Chairman of the Audit Committee or by 2 (two) members of the Audit Committee.

2nd Paragraph — The Audit Committee manifests itself by majority of votes, with the presence of the majority of its members.

36th Article — The members of the Audit Committee are substituted, in their absence or impediment, by their respective substitute.

37th Article – Except in the cases of death, resignation, destitution and other terms set forth by law, the vacancy of the post is considered when a member of the Audit Committee fails to appear without just cause to 2 (two) consecutive Assemblies or 3 (three) interspersed ones during the corporate year.

Sole Paragraph — In the case of absence in the position of a member of the Audit Committee without a substitute assuming the post, the General Assembly will immediately convene to elect the substitute.

CHAPTER VII

FISCAL YEAR AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

38th Article — The fiscal year coincides with the calendar year.

39th Article – At each yearend, the Board will prepare the Balance Sheet and the other financial statements required by law.

40th Article — The Board Council will present to the General Assembly, along with the financial statements, the proposal for the destination of the net profit for the period, as set forth by the provisions of this bylaw and the law.

Sole Paragraph — 25% (twenty-five percent) of the adjusted net earnings shall be mandatorily distributed with dividends, in the manner set forth in the following article.

41st Article – The dividends shall be paid first to the preferred shares up to the limit of preference, then, the titleholders of the common shares shall be paid up to the limit of preference; the balance shall be apportioned for all the shares, in equal conditions.

Sole Paragraph – Except when stated otherwise by the General Meeting, the dividends shall be paid “pro rata die”, subsequent to the realization of capital.

42nd Article – After the payment of the minimum required dividend, a General Assembly will deliberate over the destination of the remaining balance of the net profit for the period, which, by proposal of the administration, may be used in the proportion in which they are to be deliberated, as: (i) supplementary dividend payment to the shareholders; (ii) transfer to the following year, as retained earnings, as long as duly justified by the administrators to finance the investment plan predicted in the budget of capital.

43rd Article – The Company may, by deliberation of the Board Council, pay or credit, in dividends, interest over its own capital, in the terms of article 9, 7th Paragraph of Law 9,249, on 12/26/95. The interest shall be compensated with the amount of the minimum required dividend due in the fiscal year to the holders of both common and preferred shares.

44th Article – The Company, by deliberation of the Board Council, may, in accordance with legal limitations: (i) draw up half-yearly balance sheets or in shorter periods and, based in this balances, declare dividends; and (ii) declare intermediary dividends on account of retained earnings or of reserves of the existing profits in the last annual or half-yearly balance sheet.

45th Article – The Company may, through deliberation of the General Assembly, provided the legal limits, attribute profit sharing to its administrators and employees.

CHAPTER VIII

SETTLEMENT OF THE COMPANY

46th Article — The Company will be dissolved, through settlement, in the cases predicted in law or through deliberation of the Assembly, which will determine the manner of settlement and will elect the liquidator and the Audit Committee for the settlement period, and set their respective fees.

ALTERATIONS IN THIS BYLAW

Consolidated bylaw with alterations approved through deliberation of the Extraordinary General Meeting, held on 4/28/2000 and ratified at the Extraordinary General Meetings of 6/16/2000, 7/28/2000, 9/12/2000, 11/1/2000, 04/04/2001, 04/29/2002, 12/19/2002 and 04/23/2003.

BRASIL TELECOM S.A.

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2001 AND 2002 AND FOR EACH OF THE YEARS IN THE THREE
YEAR PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

As of December 31, 2001 and 2002 and for each of the
years in the three year period ended December 31, 2002

CONTENTS

Reports of Independent Accountants F-3 and F-4
Consolidated Balance Sheets F-5
Consolidated Statements of Operations F-6
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity F-7
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows F-8
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements F-9 to F-69

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’REPORT

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of

Brasil Telecom S.A.:

       We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Brasil Telecom S.A. (a Brazilian Corporation) and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2001, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2001, all adjusted for price level changes through December 31, 2000. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

       We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

       In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Brasil Telecom S.A. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2001, the results of their operations and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2001, in conformity with accounting practices adopted in Brazil. Accounting practices adopted in Brazil vary in certain respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP). Application of U.S. GAAP would have affected the financial position and shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2001, and the results of operations for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2001, to the extent summarized in Note 30 to the consolidated financial statements.

June 10, 2002, except for Notes 30 and 31 as to which
the date is June 26, 2002
DELOITTE TOUCHE TOHMATSU

INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS’ REPORT

The Board of Directors and Shareholders
Brasil Telecom S.A.
Brasília, DF

       We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Brasil Telecom S.A. as of December 31, 2002, and the related consolidated statements of income, cash flows and changes in shareholders’ equity for the year then ended. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

       We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

       In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Brasil Telecom S.A. as of December 31, 2002, and its results of operations and its cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with Brazilian generally accepted accounting principles (Brazilian GAAP), including recognition of the effects of changes in the purchasing power of the Brazilian currency through December 31, 2000, as discussed in Note 2.b.

       Brazilian GAAP varies in certain respects from generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. Application of generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America would have affected results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2002 and shareholders’ equity as of December 31, 2002, to the extent summarized in Note 30 of the consolidated financial statements.

/s/ KPMG Auditores Independentes

February 26, 2003, except as to Note 30.o, which is as of March 17, 2003.
Brasília, DF

BRASIL TELECOM S.A.
(See Notes 1 and 2)

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
As of December 31, 2001 and 2002
(In thousands of Brazilian reais)

     
  
    2001 
2002 
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents Note 11 331,363  1,422,899 
Trade accounts receivable, net Note 12 1,230,937  1,542,851 
Deferred and recoverable taxes Note 13 310,026  314,057 
Other assets
 		 Note 14
 		 215,878 
 189,933 
Total current assets
 		   2,088,204 
 3,469,740 
Non-current assets:
Deferred and recoverable taxes Note 13 665,797  657,726 
Other assets
 		 Note 14
 		 323,154 
 448,632 
Total non-current assets
 		   988,951 
 1,106,358 
Permanent assets:
Investments Note 15 82,589  124,931 
Property, plant and equipment, net Note 16 12,240,270  11,454,765 
Intangibles
 		 Note 1.c
 		 372,537 
 276,404 
Total permanent assets
 		   12,695,396 
 11,856,100 
Total assets
 		   15,772,551 
 16,432,198 
Current liabilities:
Payroll and related accruals Note 17 91,740  44,090 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses   1,294,515  997,670 
Taxes other than income taxes Note 18 271,681  351,905 
Dividends and employee profit sharing Note 19 280,898  349,625 
Income taxes Note 9 84,656  64,263 
Loans and financing Note 20 523,853  566,823 
Loans and financing - controlling Note 20 6,808  116,453 
shareholder
Provisions for contingencies Note 21 63,403  3,232 
Provision for pensions Note 22 41,668  92,144 
Other liabilities
 		   95,162 
 87,303 
Total current liabilities
 		   2,754,384 
 2,673,508 
Non-Current liabilities:
Income taxes Note 9 544,827  358,751 
Taxes other than income taxes Note 18 182,815  344,452 
Loans and financing Note 20 3,426,192  2,989,675 
Loans and financing - controlling Note 20 78,297  1,408,856 
shareholder
Provision for pensions Note 22 449,076  409,696 
Provisions for contingencies Note 21 315,075  385,992 
Other liabilities
 		   45,583 
 237,478 
Total non-current liabilities
 		   5,041,865 
 6,134,900 
Shareholders' equity:
Share capital   4,878,336  4,917,927 
Capital reserves   2,405,382  2,371,398 
Income reserves   357,923  379,929 
Retained earnings   394,785  15,365 
Treasury shares
 		   (60,124)
 (60,829)
Total shareholders' equity
 		 Note 23
 		 7,976,302 
 7,623,790 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
 		   15,772,551 
 16,432,198 

See the accompanying notes to the financial statements

BRASIL TELECOM S.A.
(See Notes 1 and 2)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002
(In thousands of Brazilian reais, except earnings per share)

     
  
  
    2000
2001 
2002 
Net operating revenue Note 4  4,652,184  6,158,408  7,071,368 
 
Cost of services
 		 Note 5 
 		 3,774,109 
 4,798,434 
 5,163,861 
Gross profit   878,075  1,359,974  1,907,507 
Operating expenses:
Selling expenses   381,371  724,570  763,375 
General and administrat ive expenses   509,993  604,890  661,060 
Other net operating expenses (income)
 		 Note 6 
 		 (56,964)
 56,769 
 (118,496)
Operating income (loss) before net financial expense   43,675  (26,255) 601,568 
 
Net financial expense
 		 Note 7 
 		 5,577 
 236,357 
 618,899 
Operating income (loss)   38,098  (262,612) (17,331)
 
Net non-operating expenses (income) Note 8  (3,970) 93,071  64,497 
Employees' profit share
 		   18,516 
 50,834 
 41,387 
Income (loss) before taxes and minority interests   23,552  (406,517) (123,215)
Income and social contribution taxes (benefit)
 		 Note 9 
 		 (16,218)
 (199,039)
 (111,596)
Income (loss) before minority interests   39,770  (207,478) (11,619)
Minority interests
 		   77,605 
 - 
 - 
Net income (loss)
 		   117,375 
 (207,478)
 (11,619)
Shares outstanding at the balance sheet date (thousands)
 		   529,425,301 
 530,383,166 
 535,584,460 
Earnings per lot of one thousand shares outstanding
at the balance sheet date
 		   0.22
 (0.39)
 (0,02)

See the accompanying notes to the financial statements

BRASIL TELECOM S.A.
(See Notes 1 and 2)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002
(In thousands of Brazilian reais)

      Income Reserves
        Unrealized      
  Share Capital Legal Profit Treasury Retained  
  Capital
 Reserves
 Reserve
 Reserve
 Stock
 Earnings
 Total
Balances at December 31, 1999 4,244,782  1,670,754  319,788  116,604  -  1,390,280  7,742,208 
 
Capital increase:
Companhia Riograndense de 628,190  742,835  -  -  (74,830) -  1,296,195 
Telecomunicações - CRT
Realization of unrealized profit -  -  -  (54,311) -  54,311  - 
Fiscal incentives -  1,685  -  -  -  -  1,685 
Net income -  -  -  -  -  117,375  117,375 
Deferred tax on full indexation -  -  -  -  -  (205,774) (205,774)
Appropriations
Legal reserve -  -  24,073  -  -  (24,073) - 
Dividends -  -  -  -  -  (203,300) (203,300)
Issue of treasury stock
 		 - 
 - 
 - 
 - 
 258 
 (258)
 - 
Balances at December 31, 2000
 		 4,872,972 
 2,415,274 
 343,861 
 62,293 
 (74,572)
 1,128,561 
 8,748,389 
Prior year adjustments
Provision for pensions -  -  -  -  -  (490,743) (490,743)
Deferred income tax on provision for -  -  -  -  -  162,362  162,362 
pensions
Donations and subsidies for investments -  15  -  -  -  -  15 
Fiscal incentives -  510  -  -  -  -  510 
Decrease in income tax, due to change in -  (5,053) -  -  -  -  (5,053)
tax rate
Net loss -  -  -  -  -  (207,478) (207,478)
Realization of unrealized profit -  -  -  (62,293) -  62,293  - 
Issue of treasury stock -  -  -  -  14,448  (14,448) - 
Transfer to/from reserves 5,364  (5,364) 14,062  -  -  (14,062) - 
Dividends
 		 - 
 - 
 - 
 - 
 - 
 (231,700)
 (231,700)
Balances at December 31, 2001
 		 4,878,336 
 2,405,382 
 357,923 
 - 
 (60,124)
 394,785 
 7,976,302 
Capital increase:
Fiscal benefits on amortization of goodwill 39,591  (39,591) -  -  -  -  - 
Donations and subsidies for investments -  554  -  -  -  -  554 
Increase in income tax, due to change in tax rate -  5,053  -  -  -  -  5,053 
Net loss -  -  -  -  -  (11,619) (11,619)
Issue of treasury stock -  -  -  -  21,147  (21,147) - 
Acquisition of treasury stock -  -  -  -  (21,852) -  (21,852)
Transfer to/from reserves -  -  22,006  -  -  (22,006) - 
Dividends
 		 - 
 - 
 - 
 - 
 - 
 (324,648)
 (324,648)
Balances at December 31, 2002
 		 4,917,927 
 2,371,398 
 379,929 
 - 
 (60,829)
 15,365 
 7,623,790 

See the accompanying notes to the financial statements

BRASIL TELECOM S.A.
(See Notes 1 and 2)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

Years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002
(In thousands of Brazilian reais)

   
  
  
  2000
2001 
2002 
Operating Activities      
Net income (loss) 117,375  (207,478) (11,619)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash from
operating activities:
Depreciation and Amortization 2,380,853  2,764,783  2,847,176 
Foreign exchange losses 112,164  84,586  102,385 
Loss (gain) on permanent asset disposals 27,069  (7,293) (28,733)
Other provisions 17,735  15,220  (2,580)
Increase (decrease) in provisions for contingencies (134,032) (12,396) 10,746 
Increase (decrease) in provision for pensions (2,913) (9,920) 11,096 
Increase (decrease) in allowance for doubtful accounts 17,241  88,280  10,203 
Net (increase) decrease in income tax, due to change in rate -  (5,053) 5,053 
(Increase) decrease in customer accounts receivable, gross (210,612) (121,001) (322,117)
(Increase) decrease in other current assets (15,690) (17,675) 25,946 
(Increase) decrease in other non-current assets (28,106) (223,475) (164,412)
Increase (decrease) in payroll and related accruals (36,308) 26,139  (47,650)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued expenses 257,234  372,547  (296,846)
Increase (decrease) in taxes other than income taxes 55,381  38,999  80,224 
Increase (decrease) in other current liabilities (105,121) 14,687  (18,944)
Increase (decrease) in accrued interest -  (253,798) 3,505 
Increase (decrease) in income taxes (354,261) (411,383) (89,488)
Increase (decrease) in other non-current liabilities
 		 38,472 
 10,033 
 191,896 
Net cash provided by operating activities
 		 2,136,481 
 2,145,802 
 2,305,841 
Investing activities:
Additions to investments 218,631  (6,485) (15,532)
Cash paid for the acquisition of CRT, net of cash and cash
equivalents acquired of R$122,252 (1,377,508) -  - 
Additions to property, plant & equipment (2,153,125) (3,162,082) (1,824,571)
Proceeds from asset disposals
 		 11,664 
 17,311 
 24,416 
Net cash used by investing activities
 		 (3,300,338)
 (3,151,256)
 (1,815,687)
Financing activities:
Loans repaid (871,413) (1,249,562) (436,993)
New loans obtained 2,164,028  1,986,714  1,249,898 
Expansion plan and other contributions paid back -  (18,086) - 
Expansion plan and other contributions received 3,010  -  - 
Purchase of treasury shares -  -  (21,852)
Dividends paid
 		 (182,378)
 (183,891)
 (189,670)
Net cash provided by financing activities
 		 1,113,247 
 535,175 
 601,383 
Increase in cash and cash equivalents (50,610) (470,279) 1,091,536 
Effect of full indexation on cash balances (152,253) -  - 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period
 		 1,004,505 
 801,642 
 331,363 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period
 		 801,642 
 331,363 
 1,422,899 

See the accompanying notes to the financial statements

BRASIL TELECOM S.A.
(See Notes 1 and 2)

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands of Brazilian reais)

       1. a) Operations and background

       Brasil Telecom Participações S.A. is the controlling shareholder of Brasil Telecom S.A. which is the principal provider of fixed-line telecommunications services in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, Goiás, Tocantins, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Rondônia, Acre, and the Federal District under the terms of concessions granted by the Federal Government which will expire on December 31, 2005 and may be renewed for a further term of 20 years.

       The Company's business, including the services it may provide and the rates charged, is regulated by Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações (Anatel), the regulatory authority for the Brazilian telecommunications industry pursuant to Law No. 9,472 of July 16, 1997 and the related regulations, decrees, orders and plans.

       b) Corporate Reorganization

       On February 28, 2000, Brasil Telecom Participações S.A. reorganized its investments in fixed-line telecommunication companies, by exchanging its shares in its eight smaller operating subsidiaries for newly issued shares of its main operating subsidiary, Telecomunicações do Paraná S.A. - TELEPAR. The minority shareholders of the smaller operating companies also exchanged their shares for newly issued shares of TELEPAR. These companies were then merged into TELEPAR.

       After the merger, the name of TELEPAR was changed to Brasil Telecom S.A. ("the Company"). The exchange of shares was made based on the book value of TELEPAR's shares compared to the book value of each outstanding share of the eight operating companies. This merger resulted in the following new capital structure (in thousands of shares):

TELEPAR- Before the merger

Shareholders
Common
share
Preferred
shares
Total 
% 
Controlling Shareholder 1,197,661  1,032,787  2,230,448  66 
Minorities
 		 263,294 
 909,727 
 1,173,021 
 34 
Total
 		 1,460,955 
 1,942,514 
 3,403,469 
 100 

Shares issued by TELEPAR

Shareholders
Common
share
Preferred
shares
Total 
% 
Controlling Shareholder 2,620,917  3,999,264  6,620,181  78 
Minorities
 		 - 
 1,848,564 
 1,848,564 
 22 
Total
 2,620,917 
 5,847,828 
 8,468,745 
 100 

TELEPAR - After the merger (currently Brasil Telecom S.A.)

Shareholders
Common
share
Preferred
shares
Total 
% 
Controlling Shareholder 3,818,578  5,032,051  8,850,629  75 
Minorities
 		 263,294 
 2,758,291 
 3,021,585 
 25 
Total
 		 4,081,872 
 7,790,342 
 11,872,214 
 100 

       On August 4, 2000, a 39 for 1 split of the Company's shares was approved.

       c) Acquisition of Companhia Riograndense de Telecomunicações (CRT)

       On July 31, 2000, the Company and Brasil Telecom Participações S.A., agreed to purchase all the outstanding shares of TBS Participações S.A. (TBS), the holding company of Companhia Riograndense de Telecomunicações (CRT). TBS controlled CRT through a holding of 85.19% of its common shares (31.56% of CRT's total capital). The price paid for TBS in cash on August 4, 2000 was R$ 1,517,574, of which R$ 1,499,760 was paid by the Company and R$ 17,814 by the Controlling Shareholder. The amount paid resulted in goodwill of R$ 820,547 at the date of acquisition.

       Effective December 1, 2000, the Company acquired the minority interest of CRT through the exchange of its outstanding shares for 69,312,979 new shares issued by the Company, with a total book value of R$ 1,296,246. The acquisition of the minority interest was recorded on December 1, 2000 at this book value. Accordingly, the results of operations of the Company for periods subsequent to December 1, 2000 include the CRT minority interest acquired.

       On December 28, 2000, a further corporate reorganization resulted in the merger of CRT into the Company with effect from December 1, 2000. The restructuring process included a down-streammerger performed in accordance with the requirements of Instructions 319/99 and 320/99 of the Brazilian Securities Commission (CVM) with the objective of achieving the deductibility for income tax purposes of amortization of the goodwill. As a consequence, a special goodwill reserve was recorded at the CRT level in shareholders' equity with the related tax benefit of the future goodwill amortization recorded as a deferred tax asset in the amount of R$321,856 (the remaining balance of this tax benefit is shown in the consolidated balance sheet as part of deferred and recoverable taxes as of December 31, 2001 and 2002 in the amounts of R$246,598 and R$187,749 respectively - see Note 9). As a result of this corporate reorganization, in the Brasil Telecom books goodwill was recomputed reducing its amount to R$ 480,691, net of the tax benefit, including the unamortized balance of goodwill recognized in previous acquisitions. The remaining unamortized balance of goodwill is R$ 372,537 and R$ 276,404 as of December 31, 2001 and 2002, respectively, which is recorded as an intangible asset.

       The shareholders' meeting which approved the merger, gave minority shareholders of CRT the right to exchange their shares for Brasil Telecom S.A. preferred and common shares. The exchange ratio was determined based on the market value of Brasil Telecom S.A.’s shares compared to the market value of each share of CRT.

       This merger resulted in the following new capital structure (in thousands of shares):

Brasil Telecom S.A. - Before the merger of CRT

Shareholders
Common
share
Preferred
shares
Total 
% 
Controlling Shareholder 229,132,204  116,042,516  345,174,720  75 
Minorities
 		 2,375,972 
 115,465,660 
 117,841,632 
 25 
Total
 		 231,508,176 
 231,508,176 
 463,016,352 
 100 

Shares issued by Brasil Telecom

Shareholders
Common
share
Preferred
shares
Total 
% 
Controlling Shareholder 3,285,801  55,649  3,341,450  5 
Minorities
 		 2,371,420 
 60,696,079 
 63,067,499 
 95 
Total
 		 5,657,221 
 60,751,728 
 66,408,949 
 100 

Brasil Telecom S.A. - After the merger of CRT

Shareholders
Common
share
Preferred
shares
Total 
% 
Controlling Shareholder 232,418,005  116,098,165  348,516,170  66 
Minorities
 		 4,747,392 
 176,161,739 
 180,909,131 
 34 
Outstanding shares 237,165,397  292,259,904  529,425,301  100 
Treasury shares
 		 - 
 2,904,030 
 2,904,030 
Total
 		 237,165,397 
 295,163,934 
 532,329,331 

2. Presentation of the consolidated financial statements

a. Presentation of the combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2000 and thereafter

       Due to the corporate restructuring mentioned in Note 1, the combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2000 reflects the results of operations of the nine companies merged on February 28, 2000 and the results of CRT after July 31, 2000, the acquisition date.

       Effective January 1, 2001 all the companies comprising the combined reporting entity were merged into a single company. Due to this merger, the consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 are being presented as an individual company.

b. Indexation of the consolidated financial statements

       The consolidated financial statements were prepared on a fully indexed basis to recognize the effects of changes in the purchasing power of the Brazilian currency until 2000. In 2001, the Federal Accounting Council determined that the Monetary Restatement Principle may only be applied when accumulated inflation, calculated based on the General Market Price Index (IGP-M) for the three-year period is equivalent to or higher than 100%. As a result of this definition, differences between financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Brazil (Brazilian GAAP) and financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting practices emanating from Brazilian corporate law, as of December 31, 2000, will continue to be reflected in the Brazilian GAAP financial statements until they have been exhausted through the depreciation or amortization of the permanent assets to which they relate.

c. Previously published financial information

       The presentation of the consolidated financial statements is consistent with the presentation of the published financial statements of the Companies, from which the accompanying financial information was extracted, except for certain adjustments mainly related to effects of indexation applied until 2000 on shareholders' equity and net income, detailed in the tables below, and certain reclassifications within the balance sheets and the statements of operations.

       The tables below present a reconciliation of net income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002 and shareholders' equity at those dates in accordance with Brazilian corporate law to net income and shareholders' equity reported herein:

  Year ended December 31,
Net income (loss): 2000 
2001 
2002 
Net income in accordance with Brazilian Corporate Law 461,524  281,243  440,117 
Effect of inflation through December 31, 2000 19,955  -  - 
Effect of the indexation of non-monetary assets
through December 31, 2000 (mainly an increased
depreciation charge) (611,334) (782,166) (674,760)
Effect of deferred taxation of the above adjustments 218,967  293,445  223,024 
Minority interest in net loss of CRT (from August
through November, 2000)
 		 28,263 
 - 
 - 
Net income (loss) as reported herein
 		 117,375 
 (207,478)
 (11,619)


  As of December 31,
Shareholders' equity: 2000 
2001 
2002 
Shareholders' equity in accordance with Brazilian      
Corporate Law 7,147,680  6,864,313  6,963,535 
Effect of the indexation of non-monetary assets
through December 31, 2002 2,498,593  1,716,429  1,041,669 
Effect on deferred taxation on the above adjustment
 		 (897,884)
 (604,440)
 (381,414)
Shareholders' equity as reported herein
 		 8,748,389 
 7,976,302 
 7,623,790 

d. Principles of combination and consolidation

       These combined and consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Companies mentioned in Note 1 to these financial statements. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. The consolidated financial statements for 2001 and 2002 also include the accounts of BrT Serviços de Internet S.A, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.

       Certain prior year amounts were reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.

e. Consolidated statements of cash flows

       These consolidated financial statements include consolidated statements of cash flows, which better reflect the source and use of funds in order to provide more significant information, instead of the statements of sources and uses of funds, which are usually disclosed in accordance with Brazilian GAAP.

3. Summary of principal accounting practices

a. Cash and cash equivalents

       Cash equivalents are considered to be all highly liquid temporary cash investments with maturity dates of three months or less. They are recorded at original cost plus income earned to the balance sheet date and do not exceed market value.

b. Trade accounts receivable

       Accounts receivable from telephone subscribers are calculated at the tariff rate on the date the service was rendered. Customer accounts receivable also include services provided to customers to the balance sheet date but not yet billed.

c. Allowance for doubtful accounts

       An allowance for doubtful accounts is recorded for accounts receivable for which recoverability is considered doubtful. Through 2000, the allowance was calculated by applying the ratio of actual losses during the previous year (write-offs to gross revenues) to amounts overdue up to 90 days. For accounts over 90 days, the allowance was based on historical experience on such accounts. Effective as from 2001, the computation basis became the historical collection experience and a review of the current status of all trade accounts receivable. Thus current loss estimates consider the ratio of historical losses applied to the different categories of all outstanding amounts receivable from customers.

d. Foreign currency transactions

       Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rate at the time of the related transactions. Foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rate at the balance sheet date. Exchange differences are recognized in the statements of operations as they occur.

e. Inventories

       Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost of inventories is determined on a weighted average cost basis. Inventories are separated into network expansion and maintenance inventories. Inventories for use in network expansion are classified as "Construction-in-progress" under "Property, plant and equipment". Maintenance inventories are classified as other current assets.

f. Investments

       Investments, including fiscal incentive investments, are recorded at indexed cost through December 31, 2000, less a reserve for losses when considered necessary.

g. Property, plant and equipment

       Property, plant and equipment is stated at indexed cost through December 31, 2000, less accumulated depreciation. Interest on loans related to construction in progress is capitalized.

       Improvements to existing property are capitalized while maintenance and repair costs are charged to expense as incurred. Materials allocated to specific projects are added to construction-in-progress.

       Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the underlying assets and in accordance with tax rules. The principal depreciation rates are shown in Note 16.c.

       The Company’s management reviews property, plant and equipment for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable on the basis of undiscounted future cash flows. These reviews have not indicated the need to recognize any impairment losses during the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002.

h. Vacation pay accrual

       Employees cumulative vacation pay is accrued as earned.

i. Income and social contribution taxes

       Income and social contribution taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to (a) differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and (b) tax loss carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date in relation to all temporary differences, except for the future benefit arising out of the goodwill amortization, where the effect of a change in rates is recognized in capital reserves within shareholders’ equity.

j. Loans and financing

       Loans and financing include accrued interest and monetary or exchange variations to the balance sheet date.

k. Reserve for contingencies

       Reserves for contingencies are recognized for the amounts of probable losses based on legal advice and management's opinion of the outstanding matters at the balance sheet date. The basis and nature of the provisions are described in Note 21.

l. Revenue recognition

       Revenues from customer calls are based on time used, according to Brazilian law, and are recognized when services are provided. Considering their high turnover and short average life, revenues from phone cards for public telephones are recorded as the cards are sold. Revenues from activation and installation fees are recognized upon the activation of customer services. For the fixed terminals activated on the pre-paid scheme, the amounts received are recorded as advances from customers and revenue is recorded according to the provision of the services.

m. Interest income and expenses

       Interest income represents interest earned and gains and losses on temporary cash investments (after adjusting in 2000 for the effects of inflation as measured by the inflation index).

       Interest expense represents interest incurred and charges on loans and financing (after adjusting in 2000 for the effects of inflation as measured by the inflation index) and exchange gains and losses on foreign currency loans and financing.

n. Research and development

       Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred. Total research and development costs were R$24,696, R$8,000 and R$3,761 for the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively.

o. Pensions and other post-retirement benefits

       Private pension plans and other retirement benefits sponsored by the Company for their employees are managed by SISTEL and Fundação CRT. Contributions are determined on an actuarial basis, when applicable, and accounted for on an accrual basis. As of December 31, 2001, to comply with CVM Instruction No. 371/00, Brasil Telecom S.A. recorded the actuarial deficit on the balance sheet date against shareholders’ equity, excluding the corresponding tax effects. As from the beginning of 2002, adjustments to the actuarial deficit provision are being recognized as a period expense.

p. Employees’ profit sharing

       The Company has made a provision for granting employees the right to a share of its profits. The amount determined to be paid in the year following the recorded provision is in accordance with the agreement with the union, the Company's bylaws and the labor agreement.

q. Advertising costs

       Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and amounted to R$49,272, R$120,145 and R$117,558 during the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively.

r. Earnings per share

       Earnings (loss) per thousand shares have been calculated based on the number of outstanding shares at the balance sheet date, net of treasury stock.

s. Segment information

       The Company operates solely in one segment for local and regional fixed-line telecommunications. All revenues are generated in relation to services provided in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, Goiás, Tocantins, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Rondônia, Acre and in the Federal District.

t. Use of estimates

       The preparation of the consolidated financial statements, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, requires management to make estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period reported. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

4. Net operating revenue from fixed telecommunications services

  Year ended December 31,
  2000 
2001 
2002 
Local services:      
 
Monthly charges 1,425,256  2,218,784  2,656,631 
Measured service charges 2,024,423  2,863,073  3,106,544 
Public telephones 283,485  274,218  341,766 
Other
 		 156,120 
 191,679 
 149,643 
Total 3,889,284  5,547,754  6,254,584 
Non-local services:
Intrastate and Interstate 986,863  1,341,288  1,748,190 
International
 		 662 
 718 
 594 
Total 987,525  1,342,006  1,748,784 
Data transmission 241,216  324,690  504,979 
Network services 914,850  994,343  1,021,308 
Other
 		 201,851 
 249,703 
 310,025 
Gross operating revenues 6,234,726  8,458,496  9,839,680 
Value added and other taxes (1,519,260) (2,200,580) (2,670,871)
Discounts
 		 (63,282)
 (99,508)
 (97,441)
Net operating revenue
 		 4,652,184 
 6,158,408 
 7,071,368 

       There are no customers who account for more than 5% of gross operating revenues.

5. Cost of services

  Year ended December 31,
  2000 
2001 
2002 
Depreciation and amortization. 2,303,541  2,630,001  2,635,014 
Personnel 155,959  185,843  144,581 
Materials 24,270  91,746  78,759 
Services 1,146,048  1,689,287  2,057,838 
Other
 		 144,291 
 201,557 
 247,669 
 
 		 3,774,109 
 4,798,434 
 5,163,861 

6. Other net operating income (expense)

  Year ended December 31,
  2000 
2001 
2002 
Taxes other than income taxes (46,658) (16,394) (22,496)
Provision for retirement incentive plan and layoffs (76,582) (98,173) (3,295)
Technical and administrative services 28,906  31,037  34,630 
Provision for contingencies, net of reversal (Note 21) 26,608  (8,015) (29,159)
Fines and expenses recovered 58,227  76,969  95,184 
Write-off - Interconnection accounts receivable -  (74,963) - 
Infrastructure rentals 57,857  27,006  36,146 
Unclaimed dividends -  19,162  6,468 
Other
 		 8,606 
 (13,398)
 1,018 
  56,964 
 (56,769)
 118,496 

       In 2001, the Company created an interconnection function to support and coordinate all matters concerning relations with other telecommunications companies, with the objective of reevaluating outstanding contracts and renegotiating the balances from previous years. As a result, provisions for write-off totaling R$74,963 were recognized as other operating expenses in 2001, on the basis of the expectation of realization of the related accounts receivable.

       The provisions for the retirement incentive plan and layoff expenses related to the following termination plans:

    Number of Termination
Plans
Period covered
employees
costs 
Projeto Amanhã Dec 98 - Feb 99 1,230  69,669 
Lay-Off May 99 - July 99 1,843  72,210 
Apoio Daqui Oct 99 - Mar 02 6,151  234,450 
Projeto Novos Caminhos Sep - Dec 2000 324  14,960 

       

       The plans included termination benefits as part of the Company's overall restructuring plan. The costs at each year-end were provided considering the projected employees for each branch, department and job position.

       Fines and expenses recovered primarily represent penalties collected on past due accounts receivable and recovery of sales taxes of prior periods. The amount of penalties collected on past due accounts receivable amounted to R$34,598, R$55,372 and R$67,889 in 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively.

7. Net financial expense

  Year ended December 31,
  2000 
2001 
2002 
Financial income:      
Interest income 103,643  178,120  201,632 
Financial expenses:
Gain (losses) on foreign currency
financing and monetary variations 902  (126,730) (152,788)
Interest expense (110,122) (287,747) (667,743)
   
  
  
  (5,577)
 (236,357)
 (618,899)

8. Net non-operating income (expense)

  Year ended December 31,
  2000 
2001 
2002 
Gain (losses) on disposal of permanent assets (27,069) 7,293  28,733 
Amortization of goodwill on merger of CRT (16,654) (96,133) (96,133)
Contractual fines 21,813  -  - 
Gain on REFIS program (Note 21) 26,159  -  - 
Other
 		 (279)
 (4,231)
 2,903 
 
 		 3,970 
 (93,071)
 (64,497)

9. Income and social contribution taxes

       Brazilian income taxes comprise federal income and social contribution taxes. In 2000, 2001 and 2002, the rate for income tax was 25%. The rate for social contribution tax was 12% until January 2000, falling to 9% from February 1, 2000. These changes produced combined statutory rates of 37% in January 2000 and 34% from February 1, 2000 thereafter.

       Deferred taxes are provided on temporary differences which include the effects of indexation adjustments that will not give rise to deductions when the related assets are subsequently depreciated, amortized or disposed of.

       The following is an analysis of total income and social contribution taxes benefit:

  Year ended December 31,
  2000 
2001 
2002 
Social contribution tax (18,836) (22,176) (7,592)
Income tax (54,968) (67,831) (53,048)
Deferred taxes
 		 90,022 
 289,046 
 172,236 
Total
 		 16,218 
 199,039 
 111,596 

       The following is a reconciliation of the amounts calculated by applying the combined statutory tax rates to the reported income before taxes and the reported income tax income:

  Year ended December 31,
  2000 
2001 
2002 
Income (loss) before taxes as reported in      
the accompanying combined financial statements (domestic)
 		 23,552 
 (406,517)
 (123,215)
Combined statutory rate
 		 34%
 34%
 34%
Tax charge at the combined statutory rate (8,008) 138,216  41,893 
Permanent additions:
Goodwill amortization on CRT merger (5,662) (32,685) (32,685)
Other non-deductible expenses (5,181) (7,157) (6,236)
Permanent exclusions:
Interest on shareholders' equity 67,044  78,778  110,381 
Tax exempt income 21,284  10,650  4,193 
Other items:
Reversal of tax loss as a consequence of the merger of CRT (34,071) -  - 
Reversal of tax loss due to REFIS program (17,618) -  - 
Effect of rate changes (1,370) 11,958  (8,076)
Other, net (200) (721) 2,126 
   
  
  
Income and social contribution taxes as reported
in the accompanying financial statements
 		 16,218 
 199,039 
 111,596 

       In 2000, 2001 and 2002, the dividends proposed by the Company for payment at the end of the year were characterized as interest on shareholders’ equity. As a result, under Brazilian tax law, the dividends were treated as a deduction for income tax purposes.

       The composition of deferred tax assets and liabilities, based on temporary differences, is as follows:

  December 31,
  2001 
2002 
Deferred tax assets:
Provision for contingencies 125,532  132,097 
Provision for actuarial deficiency- FCRT 162,362  170,626 
Goodwill amortization (see Note 1.c) 246,598  187,749 
Allowance for doubtful accounts 48,812  52,281 
Other 70,800  71,635 
   
  
Total (see Note 13)
 		 654,104 
 614,388 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Additional indexation expense from pre-1990. 19,203  20,775 
Effect of full indexation
 		 604,440 
 381,414 
Total
 		 623,643 
 402,189 

       Deferred tax liabilities on the effects of full indexation relate to the difference between the tax basis of permanent assets which were not indexed for inflation subsequent to December 31, 1995, and the reporting basis, which includes indexation through December 31, 2000.

       The composition of tax liabilities is as follows:

  December 31,
  2001 
2002 
Federal income tax payable 5,840  20,825 
Deferred tax liabilities
 		 623,643 
 402,189 
Total
 		 629,483 
 423,014 
Current 84,656  64,263 
Non-current 544,827  358,751 

       The Company has not provided a valuation allowance against the net deferred tax asset as of December 31, 2002 arising out of temporary differences based upon management’s belief that it is more likely than not that such deferred tax asset will be realized in the future through reversal of the differences and the generation of taxable income by the Company.

       The periods during which the deferred tax assets are expected to be realized are given below. The realization periods are based on a technical study using forecast future taxable income, generated in financial years when the temporary differences will become deductible expenses for tax purposes. This asset is maintained according to the requirements of CVM Instruction 371/02, the technical study having been approved by the executive and supervisory boards and examined by the fiscal council.

2003 172,944 
2004 102,596 
2005 109,526 
2006 38,225 
2007 36,063 
2008 a 2010 74,897 
2011 a 2012 17,000 
2012 and after 63,137 
TOTAL 614,388 
Current 172,944 
Non current 441,444 

       The recoverable amount foreseen after the year 2012 relates to a provision to cover the actuarial deficit of the FCRT pension plan (see Note 22), the liability for which is being paid over 19 years, the maximum period established by the Supplementary Pensions Department (SPC). Despite the time limit stipulated by the SPC, based on estimated future taxable income, the Company would be able to recover the deferred tax balance entirely by the year 2007 if it decided to prepay the FCRT liability that year.

10. Cash flow information

  Year ended December 31,
  2000 
2001 
2002 
Income and social contribution tax paid 86,296  22,336  36,431 
Interest paid 219,997  521,405  521,619 
Non-cash transactions:
Issuance of shares in exchange for
minority interest in CRT 1,296,246  -  - 

11. Cash and cash equivalents

  December 31,
  2001 
2002 
Cash 24  2 
Bank accounts 25,438  62,666 
Temporary cash investments
 		 305,901 
 1,360,231 
 
 		 331,363 
 1,422,899 

       Temporary cash investments are composed of public federal securities managed by a financial institution with average yields equivalent to the CDI (Interbank deposit rate) and are denominated in Brazilian reais.

12. Trade accounts receivable, net

  December 31,
  2001 
2002 
Unbilled amounts 474,626  572,453 
Billed amounts 899,876  1,124,166 
Allowance for doubtful accounts
 		 (143,565)
 (153,768)
 
 		 1,230,937 
 1,542,851 

       The changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts were as follows:

  Year ended December 31,
  2000 
2001 
2002 
Beginning balance 39,493  55,287  143,565 
Provision charged to selling expense 121,176  375,526  262,505 
Write-offs
 		 (105,382)
 (287,248)
 (252,302)
Ending balance
 		 55,287 
 143,565 
 153,768 

13. Deferred and recoverable taxes

  December 31,
  2001 
2002 
Recoverable social contribution tax 10,017  1,448 
Recoverable income tax 17,602  14,249 
Deferred tax assets 654,104  614,388 
Sales and other taxes
 		 294,100 
 341,698 
  975,823 
 971,783 
Current 310,026  314,057 
Non-current 665,797  657,726 

14. Other assets

  December 31,
 
  2001 2002
 
Maintenance inventories 58,927  63,171 
Prepayments 36,072  48,841 
Accounts receivable from telecommunications companies 27,519  47,515 
Accounts receivable from asset disposals and others 3,823  7,032 
Recoverable advances 75,262  78,333 
Court deposits 256,713  332,088 
Escrow agreements 15,787  15,787 
Assets available for sale 10,753  2,412 
Tax incentives 14,473  14,473 
Advance for future paid-in capital 30,000  1,809 
Other 9,703  27,104 
 
  539,032  638,565 
 
Current 215,878  189,933 
Non-current 323,154  448,632 

15. Investments

  December 31
 
  2001 2002
 
Fiscal incentive and other investments 82,589  124,931 
 

        The investments are stated at cost and refer mainly to equity interests obtained by converting into shares or capital quotas income tax incentive investments in regional funds, information technology companies and audiovisual projects. Most are shares of other telecommunication companies located in the regions covered by such regional incentives.

16. Property, plant and equipment, net

a. Composition:

  December 31
 
  2001 2002
 
Construction-in-progress 2,727,655  1,209,507 
Automatic switching equipment 7,377,110  7,703,242 
Transmission and other equipment 13,775,417  15,571,974 
Buildings 4,845,086  5,250,618 
Other assets 1,950,825  2,435,605 
 
Total cost 30,676,093  32,170,946 
Accumulated depreciation (18,435,823) (20,716,181)
 
Property, plant and equipment, net 12,240,270  11,454,765 
 

       Transmission and other equipment include: transmission equipment, aerial, underground and building cables, teleprinters, private automatic exchanges, generating equipment and furniture.

       Other assets include: underground cables, computer equipment, vehicles, land and other assets. Within “Other assets” the book value of land is R$121,058 and R$ 112,059 at December 31, 2001 and 2002, respectively.

       Changes in net property plant and equipment for the year ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 are:

  Year ended
December 31,
2001 		Year ended
December 31,
2002
 
 
Beginning balance 11,498,689  12,240,270 
Additions 3,448,790  1,969,915 
Disposals (42,568) (4,377)
Depreciation (2,664,641) (2,751,043)
 
 
Ending balance 12,240,270  11,454,765 
 
 

b. Capitalized interest

       As required of companies in the telecommunications industry at that time, the Company capitalized interest attributable to construction-in-progress, up to December 31, 1998, at the rate of 12% per annum of the balance of construction-in-progress. Starting in 1999, the Company capitalizes interest on loans specifically related to financing of construction in progress, and interest on internal financing is no longer capitalized. The amounts of R$54,232, R$247,380 and R$127,979 were capitalized in 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively.

c. Depreciation rates

       The annual depreciation rates applied to property, plant and equipment are as follows:

  %
 
 
Automatic switching equipment 20.00
Transmission and other equipment 20.00
Buildings 4.00
Other assets (excluding land) 5.00-20.00

d. Rentals

       The Company rents equipment and premises through a number of operating agreements that expire at different dates. Total rent expenses under these agreements were as follows:

  Year ended December 31
 
  2000 2001 2002
 
Rent expense 115,639 164,814 157,555

       Future minimum lease payments under operating leases that have initial or remaining non-cancelable leases in excess of one year are as follows:

2003 37,382 
2004 14,117 
2005 5,617 
2006 5,730 
2007 5,814 
2008 5,843 
2009 and after 5,927 
 
Total 80,430 
 

17. Payroll and related accruals

  December 31,
 
  2001 2002
 
Salaries and wages 2,828  3,055 
Accrued social security charges 48,504  37,830 
Accrued benefits 7,312  3,205 
Accrued liability for voluntary terminations 33,096  - 
 
  91,740  44,090 
 

18. Taxes other than income taxes

  December 31
 
  2001 2002
 
ICMS (Value-added tax) 388,642  607,318 
Other taxes on operating revenues 65,854  89,039 
 
  454,496  696,357 
 
Current 271,681  351,905 
Long term 182,815  344,452 

       The long-term portion refers to ICMS (State VAT) mentioned in Note 21 “Taxes – ICMS on activation fees and other services”, related to income from other services not directly related to telecommunications as from 1998, which the Company is challenging in court and for which escrow deposits are being made. It also includes the deferred ICMS arising on account of an incentive scheme offered by the government of the State of Paraná, which grants four years postponement without interest charges.

19. Dividends and employee’s profit sharing

  December 31
 
  2001 2002
 
Dividends payable to:
Controlling Shareholder 129,511  181,362 
Other 100,972  128,936 
Employee's profit sharing 50,415  39,327 
 
  280,898  349,625 
 

20. Loans and financing

  December 31
 
  2001 2002
 
Financial institutions (a) 2,404,438  2,424,901 
Loans from Controlling Shareholder (b) 85,105  119,223 
Loans from suppliers (c) 56,635  17,600 
Debentures issued to Controlling
Shareholder (d) 1,309,205  1,300,000 
Public debentures (e) -  900,000 
Hedge (i) (2,358) (19,338)
   
Accrued interest 182,125  339,421 
 
  4,035,150  5,081,807 
 
Current 530,661  683,276 
Non-current 3,504,489  4,398,531 

a. Financial institutions

       Financing from financial institutions denominated in local currency, as of December 31, 2002, bore interest based on one of the following reference rates: TJLP (Brazilian long-term interest rates) plus 3.85% to 6.5% per annum, UMBNDES (National Bank for Economic and Social Development currency) plus 3.85% to 6.5% per annum, 100% and 109% of CDI (Interbank Deposit rate) and IGP-M (General Market Price Index ) plus 12% per annum. In 2002 this resulted in an average rate of 20.38% per annum.

       Financing denominated in foreign currency bears a fixed interest rate of between 1.75% to 15.50% per annum resulting in an average rate of 4.85% per annum, and a variable interest rate of LIBOR plus 0.5% to 4.00% per annum, resulting in an average rate of 3.24% per annum. The LIBOR rate was 1.38% per annum on December 31, 2002 for semi-annual payments.

b. Loans from Controlling Shareholder

       Loans from the Controlling Shareholder are denominated in U.S. dollars and in Brazilian reais. Amounts denominated in U.S. dollars are repayable in monthly installments up to 2014 and with a variable interest rate equal to the rate of appreciation of the U.S. dollar versus the Brazilian real on an annual basis plus 1.75% per annum. Amounts denominated in Brazilian reais bear local short-term market interest rates.

c. Loans from suppliers

       Loans from suppliers of telecommunication equipment denominated in U.S. dollars bear interest at either a fixed rate of 1.75% per annum or a variable rate of LIBOR plus 0.5% to 2.95% per annum.

d. Debentures issued to Controlling Shareholder

       On January 27, 2001, the Company offered up to 1,300 debentures to the Controlling Shareholder in a private placement. These non convertible debentures were issued at R$1,000 each, and totaled R$1,300,000. They were issued for the purpose of financing part of the investment program. The Controlling Shareholder subscribed all the debentures in 2001.

       The outstanding balance of the debentures will be amortized in three installments, the first equivalent to 30% maturing on 07/27/2004, the second equivalent to 30% maturing on 07/27/2005, and the third and final installment, equivalent to 40%, maturing on 07/27/2006. The debentures yield 100% of CDI (Interbank deposit rates), payable semiannually.

e. Public debentures

       First public issue: 50,000 non-convertible debentures of R$ 10, totaling R$ 500,000, issued on May 1, 2002. The term is for two years maturing on May 1, 2004. Interest of 109% of the CDI is payable half-yearly on November 1 and May 1 from the date of issue to the maturity of the debentures.

       Second Public Issue: 40,000 non-convertible debentures of R$ 10, totaling R$ 400,000, issued on December 1, 2002. The term is for two years maturing on December 1, 2004. Interest of 109% of the CDI is payable half-yearly on June 1 and December 1 from the date of issue to the maturity of the debentures.

f. Repayment schedule

       Non-current debt is schedule to be paid as follows:

  2002
 
2004 1,824,092 
2005 924,092 
2006 1,032,186 
2007 and after 618,161 
 
  4,398,531 
 

g. Currency analysis

       Total debt is denominated in the following currencies:

    December 31
   
  Exchange rate at December 31, 2002 (Units of one Brazilian real) 2001 2002
 
Brazilian reais   3,698,954  4,737,998 
U.S. dollars 3.5333 336,196  343,809 
   
    4,035,150  5,081,807 
   

h. Covenants and guarantees

       The loans from financial institutions require the Company to maintain certain financial ratios, which, if they are not met, present the creditors with the right to anticipate the maturity and require additional charges. As of December 31, 2002, the Company was not in default of any of its loan covenants.

       The loans and financing are guaranteed by the credits derived from the provision of telephone services and the Parent Company’s guarantee.

i. Swap contracts

       As of December 31, 2002, the Company had R$ 343,809 (R$ 336,196 as of December 31, 2001) of debt denominated in U.S. dollars.

       The Company entered into several swap transactions in order to limit losses from fluctuations of the Brazilian real. The market risk on these swap contracts results from changes in the Brazilian deposit certificate rates (CDI) versus changes in the exchange rate. The main terms of these swap transactions are as follows:

(a) The interbank deposit certificate rate is that quoted by CETIP (Central de Custódia e de Liquidação).

(b) The change in the exchange rate is that quoted by the Brazilian Central Bank, plus an annual fixed interest rate of from 5.86% to 30.3% per annum.

       If the amount calculated under the terms described in (a) is greater than the amount calculated under (b), the Company must pay the banks the difference between the two calculations. If the amount calculated under the terms of (b) is greater than the amount calculated under (a), the banks must pay the Company the difference.

       The details of the notional values and maturity periods are as follows:

  December 31, 2002
 
Number of contracts 57 
Original values (U.S.$ thousand) 90,839 
Maturity periods (U.S.$ thousand):
Up to 1 year 33,618 
1 to 3 years 57,221 

       The Company accounts for these swap transactions by calculating the unrealized gain or loss at each balance sheet date based on what would have been the results of settlement of the outstanding contracts at that date. The gain or loss for a period is recorded in financial income or expense of such period.

       The swap operations resulted in a loss of R$2,358 and gain of R$28,874 during the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2002, respectively, which were recorded in financial expense and financial income, in that order.

21. Provision for contingencies

       The Company is a party to certain legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business, including civil, administrative, tax, social security and labor proceedings. The Company has provided for or deposited in court amounts to cover its estimated losses due to adverse legal judgments. In the opinion of management, such actions, if decided against the Company, would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and financial condition.

       The Company considers the risk of loss of each contingency, which is classified as probable, possible or remote, taking into consideration the advice of its legal advisors. Provisions for contingencies for which a loss was considered probable were recognized in the financial statements.

       Changes in the provision for the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, were as follows:

  Year ended December 31
 
  2000 2001 2002
 
Beginning balances 207,792  390,874  378,478 
Contingencies paid during the year (85,436) (20,411) (18,413)
Provision for contingencies from CRT 295,125  -  - 
Additional provisions 40,124  50,558  55,475 
Gain on inflation of accrued contingencies (35,812) -  - 
Reversal of provisions (30,919) (42,543) (26,316)
 
Ending balances 390,874  378,478  389,224 
 

       As a part of its periodic review of legal proceedings and other contingencies, the Company recalculated the estimated losses from labor and civil contingencies at December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, taking into consideration such factors as recent favorable court decisions, its experience in similar claims and reduction of the expected incidence of potential labor and civil contingencies, resulting in a reversal of the related provision of R$30,919, R$42,543 and R$26,316 on December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively.

       The provision for contingent liabilities was as follows:

  December 31
 
  2001 2002
 
Labor claims 320,337  316,334 
Disputed taxes 7,871  11,905 
Civil claims 50,270  60,985 
 
  378,478  389,224 
 
Current 63,403  3,232 
Non-current 315,075  385,992 

       Those contingent liabilities for which the risks of loss was considered possible (rather than probable), and which were therefore not provided for in the financial statements, were as follows:

  December 31
 
  2001 2002
 
Labor claims 323,467  440,798 
Disputed taxes 402,610  570,460 
Civil claims 102,761  253,771 
 
  828,838  1,265,029 
 

       Labor claims

       The labor claims relate to various lawsuits filed by the Company’s former employees and their labor unions.

       Disputed taxes

       Disputed taxes refer mainly to additional tax assessments due to differences in interpretation of tax legislation. The determination of the manner in which the various federal, state and municipal taxes apply to the operations of the Company is subject to varying interpretations arising from the unique nature of the Company’s operations. Management believes that its interpretation of the Company’s tax obligations is substantially in compliance with the applicable legislation. Accordingly, they believe that any changes in the tax treatment afforded to the Company’s operations will be the result of new legislation or interpretive rulings of the tax authorities that will not have any retroactive impact.

       Civil claims

       The civil claims relate mainly to disputed contractual adjustments due to changes arising from the government’s various economic stabilization plans and other causes.

22. Employee benefits — pension and other post employment benefit plans, stock option plans and other benefits

a. Pension and other post employment benefit plans

       Brasil Telecom sponsors various private pension plans designed to provide retirement benefits and medical assistance to employees and their dependents. These plans are managed by Fundação de Seguridade Social (SISTEL), which managed plans for pension and other post retirement benefits for most companies of the former Telebrás System, and Fundação dos Empregados da Companhia Riograndense de Telecomunicações (FCRT), which administered the benefit plans of CRT, acquired in 2000.

       The status of each plan is reviewed annually by independent actuaries at the balance sheet date. In the case of defined benefit plans, immediate recognition is given to actuarial gains and losses and as from 2001 the Company has established a liability in the balance sheet for the deficits of those plans showing deficits, following the requirements of a new CVM Ruling. In the case of plans that show surpluses, no assets are recognized due to the legal impossibility of distributing the surpluses.

       Details of the pension plans are as follows:

a.1 SISTEL

a.1.1 Description of the plans

PBS-A — Defined benefit pension plan and PAMA — Retirees’ health care plan

       The Company, together with other companies, sponsors a defined benefit private pension plan and a post-retirement benefit health care plan managed by Fundação SISTEL de Seguridade Social (“SISTEL”), the PBS-A and PAMA plans. Until December 1999, all sponsors of the plans managed by SISTEL were jointly and severally liable as to these plans. On December 28, 1999, the sponsors negotiated conditions to create plans individualized by sponsor with the maintenance of joint and several liability only for the participants already receiving benefits. This restructuring of SISTEL was approved by the government regulator, the Supplementary Pensions Secretariat (“SPC”), on January 13, 2000.

       The PAMA plan was subsequently expanded to cover all the beneficiaries of the PBS-TCS Group, incorporated into TCSPREV (see below) on December 31, 2001, except for those in the PBT-BrT plan. According to legal and actuarial opinions, the sponsor’s liability for contributions to the PAMA plan is exclusively limited to 1.5% of the payroll of active participants.

TCSPREV — Defined contribution plans

       This defined contribution plan and settled benefits plan was introduced on February 28, 2000, with the adherence of around 80% of employees at that time. On December 31, 2001, all the other pension plans sponsored by the Company and managed by SISTEL were transformed into defined contribution plans with settled benefits and were merged into TCSPREV. The reorganization was subsequently approved by the SPC. The plans that were merged into TCSPREV were the PBS-TCS, PBT-BrT, the BrT Management Agreement plan and the Supplementary Plan for the Paraná branch employees. TCSPREV currently serves around 62% of active employees.

PAMEC-BrT — Health-care plan

       This health care plan covers retirees in the PBT-BrT pension plan, which was incorporated into the TCSPREV plan on December 31, 2001.

a.1.2 Contributions

PBS-A — Defined benefit pension plan and PAMA — Retirees’ health care plan

       Contributions to the PBS-A plan are only required in case of an actuarial deficit. As of December 31, 2002, the PBS-A plan was in surplus.

       The PAMA plan is maintained with contributions of 1.5% of the payroll of active participants linked to the PBS plans, segregated and sponsored by the several SISTEL sponsors.

TCSPREV — Defined contribution plan

       Contributions to this plan were maintained on the same basis as the original plans incorporated in 2001 for each group of participants, and were established based on actuarial studies prepared by independent actuaries according to regulations in force in Brazil, using the capitalization system to determine costs. In the case of the PBS-TCS defined benefit plan group, the Company’s contribution in 2002 was 12% of the payroll of the participants, whilst the employees’ contribution varied according to the age, service time and salary. In the remaining TCSPREV defined contribution plan groups, the contributions are made equally by the employee and the Company and are credited into individual accounts of each participant. The basic contribution percentages vary between 3% and 8% of the participant’s salary, according to age. In addition, participants have the option to contribute voluntarily and sporadically to the plan above the basic contribution, but without equal payments from the Company. The Company is responsible for the administrative cost of and risk benefits. In 2002 contributions by the Company to the TCSPREV groups other than PBS-TCS represented on average 7.14% of the payroll of the plan participants.

PAMEC-BrT — Health-care plan

       Contributions for this plan were fully paid in July 1998.

a.2 FCRT

a.2.1 Description of the plans

BrTPREV plan

       The BrTPREV plan was introduced on October 21, 2002 as a defined contribution and settled benefits plan to provide supplementary pension benefits to employees of the former CRT. As of December 31, 2002, this plan was still receiving migrations from alternative plans previously sponsored by CRT.

Brasil Telecom Founder and Alternative plans

       The Brasil Telecom Founder and Alternative plans are defined contribution and settled benefits plans, now closed to the entry of new participants.

a.2.2 Contributions

BrTPREV plan

       Contributions are made equally by the employee and the Company and are credited into individual accounts of each participant. The basic contribution percentages vary between 3% and 8% of the participant’s salary, according to age. In addition, participants have the option to contribute voluntarily and sporadically to the plan above the basic contribution, but without equal payments from the Company. The Company is responsible for the administrative cost of and risk benefits. In 2002 (November and December only) contributions by the Company represented on average 1.32% of the payroll of the plan participants.

Brasil Telecom Founder and Alternative plans

       The regular Company contributions in 2002 to the Founder plan were an average of 9.04% of the participants’ payroll and to the Alternative plan 7.19%. Employees contributed at variable rates according to age, service time and salary, at an average rate in 2002 of 7.87% for the Founder plan and 6.77% for the Alternative plan.

       The technical deficit corresponding to the current value of the Company’s supplementary contribution must be amortized within a maximum period of 20 years as from January 2000, according to SPC requirements. These supplementary contributions in 2002 amounted to 29.3% (Founder plan) and 37.4% (Alternative plan) of the respective participants’ payrolls.

a.2.3 Resolution CVM 371/2000

       In accordance with CVM resolution 371/2000, Brasil Telecom S.A. recognized the entire actuarial deficit of R$ 490,744 of the Founder and Alternative plans at December 31, 2001 directly in shareholders’ equity, net of the corresponding taxes. The net amount recorded in shareholders’ equity was R$ 490,743 together with the corresponding tax benefit of R$ 162,362.

       As a result of a new actuarial valuation of these plans at December 31, 2002 the deficit increased to R$ 501,840 and consequently the liability was increased to the same amount, the difference being charged to expenses.

a.3 Status of the SISTEL and FCRT plans

       The status of the SISTEL and FCRT plans at December 31, 2001 and 2002 is presented below, in accordance with CVM Resolution 371/2000:

    FCRT SISTEL
  2001 2002 2001 2002
 
  ALTERNATIVE AND FUNDADOR BrTPREV ALTERNATIVE AND FUNDADOR TOTAL OF THE PLANS TCSPREV
Reconciliation of assets and liabilities recognized in the balance sheet            
Actuarial liabilities with benefits granted 740.714 587.288 185.701 772.989 127.001 154.657 
Actuarial liabilities with benefits to be granted 218.163 72.222 76.939 149.161 364.090 349.072 
(=) Total present value of actuarial liabilities 958.877 659.510 262.640 922.150 491.091 503.729 
Fair value of plan assets -468.133 -297.040 -123.270 -420.310 -491.091 -503.729
 
(=) Net actuarial liability recognized in the balance sheet 490.74 362.47 139.37 501.840 - -
 
CHANGES OF NET ACTUARIAL LIABILITY
Present value of actuarial liability - beginning of period 834.143 - 958.877 958.877 467.583 491.091
Cost of interest 87.584 - 14.210 14.210 - -
Current service cost 53.241 174 12.543 12.717 31.614 30.752
Current service cost of the sponsor 46.106 81  3.009 3.090 18.049 16.247
Current service cost of the participants 7.135 93  9.534 9.627 13.565 14.505
Net benefits paid -71.836 -69.859 -72.144 -142.003 -29.411 -45.399 
Administrative cost of the plan - - -5.029 -5.029 - -5.386
Transfer of commitments to BrTPREV - 729.195 -729.195 - - -
Actuarial (gain) or loss on actuarial liability 55.745 - 83.378 83.378 21.305 32.671
 
Present value of actuarial liability - end of period 958.877 659.510 262.640 922.150 491.091 503.729 
 
Fair value of plan assets at the beginning of the period 428.782 - 468.133 468.133 449.054 491.091
Expected income from plan assets 103.260 - - - - -
Regular contributions received by the plan 35.451 174  13.238 13.412 31.614 30.490
Sponsor 27.575 80  3.705 3.785 18.049 15.985
Participants 7.876 94  9.533 9.627 13.565 14.505
Amortization contributions received from the - - 14.210 14.210 - -
sponsor - - - -
Other funds collected - 335 790 1.125 - -
Payment of benefits -71.836 -69.859 -72.144 -142.003 -29.411 -45.399 
Administrative expenses of the plan -3.441  -336  -5.818  -6.154  -4.652  -5.124 
Transfers to BrTPREV - 366.726 -366.726 - - -
Actuarial gains (losses) on plan assets -24.083 - 71.587 71.587 44.486 32.671
 
Fair value of plan assets at the end of the period 468.133 297.040 123.270 420.310 491.091 503.729 
 
(=) Value of net actuarial liability 490.744 362.470 139.370 501.840 - -
 
EXPENSE RECOGNIZED IN THE INCOME STATEMENT
Current service cost (with interest) 34.710 174  12.543 12.717 31.614 30.752
Contributions from participants -7.135 -93 -9.534 -9.627 -13.565 -14.505 
Interest on actuarial liabilities - - 14.210 14.210 - -
Actuarial losses (gains) recognized - - 11.791 11.791 - -
 
Total expense recognized 27.575 81  29.010 29.091 18.049 16.247
 
PRINCIPAL ACTUARIAL ASSUMPTIONS USED            
Discount rate for actuarial liability 6% 6% 6% 6%
Total yield expected from plan assets (over inflation) 6% 6% 6% 6%
Estimated salary increase index 1% N/A 0% N/A
Administrative cost (loading) 15% of regular contributions 8% of total contributions 5%
Mortality table UP84 UP84 AT 2000 M
Disability table Álvaro Vindas Álvaro Vindas Álvaro Vindas
Mortality rate of disabled IAPB 57 IAPB 57 IAPB 57
Turnover Average 4% N/A Average 5% -  N/A
Retirement age Equal to INSS,Altern.55 60 Equal to INSS,Altern.55 -  60 
Inflation rate 4.5% p.a. 11.02% p.a. 11.02% p.a. 4.5% p.a.
N/A = Not applicable

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

a) The position of the plan assets is for December 31, 2002.
b) The individual record data used for TCSPREV is for 12/31/02 and for FCRT is for 12/01/2002, projected to 12/31/2002.
c) The statistical records presented consider a family group of benefits as a single benefit.

  SISTEL
 
  PAMA PAMEC PBS-A
 
  2001 2002 2001 2002 2002
 
RECONCILIATION OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
Present value of actuarial liabilities 52.749 59.499 710 844 430.459
Fair value of plan assets -52.749  -59.499  -710 -844 -542.744 
(=) Net actuarial liability/(asset) -  -  -  -  -112.285 
MOVEMENTS OF NET ACTUARIAL LIABILITY/(ASSET)
Present value of actuarial liability - beginning of period 51.830 52.749 625 710 412.664
Cost of interest   - 38 43 44.826
Current service cost 212  21  2  -  - 
Current service cost of sponsor 212  21  2  -  - 
Net benefits paid -1.918  -5.835  -18  -26  -36.731 
Administrative cost of plan -179  -1.424  -3  -2  - 
Actuarial (gain) or loss on actuarial liability 2.804 13.988 66  119  9.700
Present value of actuarial liability - end of period 52.749 59.499 710 844 430.459
Net assets of plan at beginning of period 51.830 52.749 622 710 472.118
Expected income from plan assets -  -  40  43  107.357
Regular contributions received by the plan 212  22  2  -  - 
Sponsor 212  22  2  -  - 
Payment of benefits -1.918  -5.835  -18  -26  -36.731 
Administrative expenses of the plan -179  -1.425  -3  -2  - 
Actuarial gains (losses) on plan assets 2.804 13.988 67  119  - 
Fair value of plan assets at the end of the period 52.749 59.499 710 844 542.744
(=) Value of net actuarial liability -  -  -  -  (112,285)1
(1) Unrecorded actuarial asset.
EXPENSE RECOGNIZED IN THE INCOME STATEMENT
Current service cost (with interest) 212  21  2  -  - 
Total expense recognized 212  21  2  -  - 
PRINCIPAL ACTUARIAL ASSUMPTIONS USED
Discount rate for actuarial liability 6% 6% 6%
Total yield expected from plan assets 17.68% (Inflation + 6%) 17,68% 14,45%
Estimated salary increase index N/A N/A 8,15%
Administrative cost (loading) 15% 15% -
Mortality table N/A EB 7/75 UP 84
Disability table N/A Álvaro Vindas N/A
Mortality rate of disabled N/A Exp. Ex. CAP N/A
Starting age for benefits Retired accord. to Pl. PBS-A Retired accord. to Pl. PBT-BrT N/A
Inflation rate 11.02% p.a. 11.02% p.a. 5% p.a.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
a) The position of the plan assets is for December 31, 2002.
b) Individual record data used for PAMA and PAMEC is for 12/31/02. For PBS-A data for 09/30/02 was used, projected to 12/31/2002.
c) The statistical records presented consider a family group of benefits as a single benefit.
d) PBS-A is informed net of the plan's administrative costs.

b. Stock option plans

       On April 28, 2000 the shareholders approved a stock option plan for officers and employees. A maximum of 10% of each kind of Company stock may be used for the plan. Shares derived from exercising options guarantee the beneficiaries the same rights granted to other Company shareholders. Administration of this plan was entrusted to a management committee appointed by the Supervisory Board, which decided to grant options using only preferred stock. The plan is divided into two separate programs:

b.1 Program A:

       This program is granted as an extension of management’s performance objectives for the Company established by the Supervisory Board for a five-year period. Up to December 31 of 2002, no stock had been granted under this program.

b.2 Program B:

       The price of exercising the option under Program B is established based on the arithmetic average of the market price for the last 20 trading sessions prior to granting the option, and will be price-level restated by the IGP-M index between the date of signing the contracts and the payment date.

       On December 16, 2002, the Company granted 622,364 (thousand) stock options under Program B. Vesting of these options occurs in the following manner:

       Vesting can be anticipated as a result of the occurrence of events or special conditions established in the option contract. Options not exercised up to December 31, 2008 will expire without compensation.

  Preferred stock options (thousand) Average exercise price R$
 
Balance as of 12/31/2001 - -
Granted 622,364 11.34
Balance as of 12/31/2002 622,364 11.34

c. Other employee benefits

       Other benefits granted to employees include private health and dental care plans, meal allowances, group life insurance, occupational accident insurance, sickness allowance and transportation subsidies.

23. Shareholders’ equity

a. Share capital

       Authorized capital stock as of December 31, 2002 was 560 billion shares. The Company’s issued and paid up capital stock is comprised of preferred shares and common shares, all without par value, as shown in the table below:

  In thousands of shares
 
  Common Preferred Subtotal Treasury
shares		 Total
 
Number of shares as of December 31, 2000 237,165,397  295,163,934  532,329,331  (2,904,030) 529,425,301 
Issuance of shares -  405,157  405,157  552,708  957,865 
 
Number of shares as of December 31, 2001 237,165,397  295,569,091  532,734,488  (2,351,322) 530,383,166 
Issuance of shares 6,398,733  (1) 6,398,732  (1,197,438) 5,201,294 
 
Number of shares as of December 31, 2002 243,564,130  295,569,090  539,133,220  (3,548,760) 535,584,460 
 

       The capital may be increased only by a decision taken at a shareholders’ meeting in connection with the capitalization of profits or reserves previously allocated to capital increases at a shareholders’ meeting.

       The preferred shares are non-voting except under limited circumstances and are entitled to a minimum preferential non-cumulative dividend of 6% of the capital value per share or, as from 2002, 3% of the net book value per share, whichever is greater. Also the preferred shares have priority over the common shares in the case of liquidation of the Company. Under Brazilian Corporate Law, the number of non-voting shares or shares with limited voting rights, such as the preferred shares, may not exceed two-thirds of the total number of shares.

b. Treasury stock

       Treasury shares are derived from two separate events:

       The merger of CRT

       The Company is holding in treasury preferred stock resulting from the conversion into its own stock of treasury stock of CRT acquired by that company in the first half of 1998. Since the merger, of CRT into Brasil Telecom S.A., the Company has only placed shares in circulation to comply with court rulings in favor of potential new subscribers of shares of the merged company.

       The average acquisition cost of CRT was R$ 1.24 per share. With the swap ratio of the stock as a result of the merger process, each CRT share was swapped for 48.565 shares of Brasil Telecom S.A., resulting in an average cost of R$ 0.026 for each treasury share.

       The movements of treasury stock derived from the merged company were the following:

  2001 2002
 
  Preferred shares
(thousands) 		Amount Preferred shares
(thousands) 		Amount
 
Opening balance 2,904,030  74,572  2,351,322  60,124 
Number of shares replaced in circulation (552,708) (14,448) (783,362) (21,147)
Number of shares repurchased -  -  1,980,800  21,852 
Closing balance 2,351,322  60,124  3,548,760  60,829 

        The retained earnings account represents the origin of the funds invested in acquiring the stock held in treasury.

        The Stock Repurchase Program – Press Release of January 10, 2002

       On October 1, 2002, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a preferred stock repurchase program, under the following terms and conditions: (i) the retained earnings account would be the origin of the funds invested in purchasing the stock; (ii) the authorized limit for repurchase was 18,078,192 thousand preferred shares, corresponding to 10% of the preferred shares outstanding; and (iii) the period determined for the acquisition was three months as from 10/02/02.

       The quantity purchased was 1,980,800 thousand preferred shares, the weighted average, minimum and maximum costs were R$ 11.02, R$ 10.55 and R$ 11.26 per thousand shares, respectively. The total amount paid was R$ 21,836, to which R$ 16 was added for brokerage and other fees.

       None of the preferred shares acquired were sold during the 2002 financial year.

       On December 31, 2002, the Company’s preferred stock was quoted on the BOVESPA exchange at R$ 11.30 per thousand shares. At this market price, the total value of the 3,548,760 thousand preferred shares held in treasury as a result of the merger of CRT and the stock repurchase program approved on October 1, 2002, was R$ 40.101.

c. Capital Reserves

       Reserve for Share Subscription Premium

       This reserve arose from the difference between the amount paid on subscription and the value of the corresponding capital.

       Special Goodwill Reserve

       The Special Goodwill Reserve arose out of the corporate restructuring described in Note 1 and represents the value of the tax benefits which it is estimated will be generated by future amortization of the goodwill. Each year an amount of the reserve, corresponding to the realized benefit, may be capitalized to the benefit of the controlling shareholder, by the issue of new shares. Minority shareholders are ensured the right to preference, in proportion to their respective holdings in type and class of shares, and the consideration for such acquisitions as they choose to make, will be paid to the controlling shareholder in accordance with the terms of CVM instruction 319/99. On April 4, 2001 and March 27, 2002 shareholders meetings approved capital increases of R$5,364 and R$39,591, respectively, corresponding to the 2000 and 2001 realized portion of the tax benefit.

       Reserve for Donations and Subsidies for Investments

       This reserve relates to donations and subsidies received, corresponding to assets received by the Company.

       Reserve for Special Monetary Restatement as per Law 8.200/91

       This reserve arose out of an additional price-level restatement adjustment recorded in order to compensate for understatements of the monetary restatement indices used prior to 1990.

        Other Capital Reserves

       These reserves arose out of the accounting methodologies used for recording interest on work in progress up to December 31, 1998 and the benefits arising from funds channeled into income tax incentives that would otherwise have been payable as income taxes.

d. Income Reserves

        Legal Reserve

       A Brazilian company is required to appropriate 5% of annual net income to a legal reserve until that reserve equals 20% of paid-up share capital or 30% of paid-up share capital plus capital reserves; thereafter, appropriations to this reserve are not compulsory. The legal reserve can only be used to increase capital or to offset accumulated losses.

       Unrealized income reserve

       This reserve represents income recognized but not yet received relating to net gains on indexation through December 31, 1995 and to adjustments to investments valued on the equity basis.

e. Dividends and Interest on Capital

       Pursuant to its by-laws and Brazilian Corporate Law, the Company is required to distribute as dividends in respect of each fiscal year ending December 31, to the extent amounts are available for distribution, an aggregate amount equal to at least 25% of Adjusted Net Income (as defined below) on such date. The annual dividend distributed to holders of preferred shares (the “Preferred Dividend”) has priority in the allocation of Adjusted Net Income, as mentioned in Note 23.a above. Remaining amounts to be distributed are allocated first to the payment of a dividend to holders of common shares in an amount equal to the Preferred Dividend and the remainder is distributed equally among holders of preferred shares and common shares.

       Brazilian corporations may make payments to shareholders characterized as interest on capital (the “JSCP”). The rate of interest may not be higher than the Federal Government’s long-term interest rate (the “TJLP”) as determined by the Central Bank from time to time. The Company elected to characterize dividends for 2001 and 2002 as JSCP. This is a deductible expense for income tax purposes, but is treated as dividends for accounting purposes and is deducted from compulsory dividends, net of withholding income tax.

       The calculation of Adjusted Net Income and the determination of the mandatory minimum dividends in accordance with Brazilian Corporate Law and the Company’s by-laws are shown in the table below:

  2001 2002
 
Net income (loss) of the year (207,478) (11,619)
Adjustments necessary to reach net income on a Brazilian
Corporate Law basis 488,721  451,736 
Goodwill amortization (Corporate Law basis) 124,014  124,014 
Transfer to legal reserve (14,062) (22,006)
 
Adjusted Net Income 391,195  542,125 
 
Minimum dividends - 25% 97,799  135,531 
 

       Dividends attributable to preferred and common shareholders in identical conditions were:

  2001 2002
 
  6% OF CAPITAL 3% OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
 
COMMON 88,045  99,432 
PREFERRED 108,853  119,214 
 
TOTAL 196,898  218,646 

       Interest on capital – JSCP

       The Company credited interest on capital to its shareholders according to the stock position on the date of each credit made during the financial year. The JSCP interest on capital was allocated to dividends, net of withholding tax, on the closing date of the financial year, as a proposal for approval by the general shareholders’ meeting.

  2001 2002
 
INTEREST ON CAPITAL (JSCP) CREDITED TO SHAREHOLDERS
COMMON STOCK 103,608  147,315 
PREFERRED STOCK 128,092  177,333 
  231,700  324,648 
WITHHOLDING TAX (IRRF) (34,755) (48,698)
JSCP, NET 196,945  275,950 

Allocation of interest on capital to the compulsory dividend was:
2001 
2002 
JSCP, NET 196,945  275,950 
LESS    
MINIMUM COMPULSORY DIVIDEND (97,799) (135,531)
ADDITIONAL INTEREST TO MINIMUM COMPULSORY DIVIDEND 99,146  140,419 


TOTAL DIVIDENDS PER THOUSAND SHARES (IN REAIS)
2001 
2002 
COMMON 0.37 0.514109
PREFERRED 0.37 0.514109

24. Expansion plan contributions

       Expansion plan contributions were the means by which Brazilian telecommunication companies financed the growth of their telecommunications network up to July 1997. Contributions were made by companies or individuals wishing to be connected to the national telephone network. The Companies' expansion plan contribution program was terminated, with no new contracts being signed after June 30, 1997. The R$ 8,159 remaining balance as of December 31, 2001 and 2002, presented within “other non-current liabilities” in the consolidated balance sheet, arose from plans realized before termination, the corresponding net assets of which are already included in the Company’s fixed assets through the Community Expansion Plan. The Company must await final court decisions arising from lawsuits filed by interested parties before the corresponding shares can be issued.

25. Transactions with related parties

       Transactions with related parties refer to transactions with the parent company, Brasil Telecom Participações S.A., with the equity accounted minority investment, Vant Telecomunicações S.A., and with iBEST Holding Corporation (“iBEST”), an investment of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, BrT Serviços de Internet S.A. (“BrTI”), accounted for at cost.

       Transactions between the Company and related parties are carried out on an arms-length basis. The principal transactions are:

Brasil Telecom Participações S.A.

Dividends and Interest on capital

       R$ 213,367 (R$ 152,366 in 2001) of the dividends credited in 2002 were allocated to the parent company. Of this amount, R$ 59,013 (R$ 31,707 in 2001) was included in accrued dividends. As of December 31, 2002, the remaining balance of dividends payable amounted to R$ 181,362 (R$ 129,511 as of December 31, 2001).

Loans

       This liability, which arose from the inter-company balances that existed at the time of the Telebrás spin-off, is indexed to the US dollar exchange variation and bears interest at 1.75% per year and amounted to R$ 120,081 at December 31, 2002 (R$ 85,717 in 2001). The charge to financial expenses amounted to R$ 44,591 in 2002 (R$ 20,252 in 2001 and R$ 98,039 in 2000).

Debentures

       On January 27, 2001, the Company issued 1,300 private non-convertible debentures, at a unit price of R$ 1,000, in the total amount of R$ 1,300,000, for the purpose of funding part of its investment program. The entire issue of debentures was acquired by Brasil Telecom Participações S.A. The face value of these debentures will be amortized in three installments equivalent to 30%, 30% and 40%, with maturity on July 27, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. The remuneration of the debentures is equivalent to 100% of the CDI inter-bank deposit rate, paid semiannually. As of December 31, 2002, the liability is R$ 1,405,228 (R$ 1,398,875 en 2001) and charges recognized in expenses for 2002 amount to R$ 236,356 (R$ 130,539 in 2001).

Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable

       The balances arise from transactions related to operating income and expense for use of installations and logistical support. As of December 31, 2002, the receivable balance amounted to R$ 663 (R$ 13 in 2001) and the amounts recorded in the income statement were: Operating income: R$ 2,352 (R$ 2,466 in 2001 and R$ 1,799 in 2000) and Operating expenses: R$ 256 (R$ 4,182 in 2001 and R$ 26,686 in 2000).

Vant Telecomunicações S.A.

Collateral

       As of December 31, 2002 and 2001 R$ 15,575, deposited as collateral as a guarantee for a future purchase of shares, is recorded in non-current assets.

Advances for Future Capital Increase

       The amount of the advances for future capital increase as of December 31, 2002, is R$ 1,809 (R$ 30,000 in 2001).

Other Related Parties

       The subsidiary BrTI has an investment of R$ 10,000 in iBEST, corresponding to a minority interest valued at acquisition cost. The balance of transactions between the BrTI and the iBEST subsidiary established in Brazil are the following:

       At December 31, 2002 there is a balance of advances to suppliers of R$ 1,364 (R$ 13,105 at December 31, 2001) and a balance of other advances of R$ 4,782. A charge recorded in the income statement of the subsidiary BrTI, amounting to R$ 17,266, results from operating activities and R$ 1,259 of financial income is related to the loans and advances granted.

26. Commitments

       At December 31, 2002, the Company had the following capital expenditure commitments:

Expected year of expenditure

2003 97,432 

       These commitments are in relation to the continuing expansion and modernization of the Company’s plant, including transmission equipment and data transmission equipment.

GlobeNet

       On November 15, 2002, Brasil Telecom signed a stock and asset purchase and sale contract with the affiliated companies of the GlobeNet Communications Group Ltd., acquiring the entire system of submarine fiber-optic cables of the GlobeNet Group, interconnecting points in the regions of New York and Miami (United States), St. David’s (Bermuda Islands), Fortaleza and Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and Maiquetia (Caracas, Venezuela). The transaction will be realized by acquiring the assets located in the United States, the Bermuda islands, Brazil and Venezuela.

       The transaction, which is conditional on verifying certain conditions that are normal in operations of this nature, was executed by Brasil Telecom through its wholly-owned subsidiary BrTi, which in turn may set up subsidiaries abroad to acquire the assets and stockholdings located abroad. The value of the transaction will be equivalent to US$48 million, of which US$28.8 million will be payable on the closing date of the transaction and the remainder of US$19.2 million, payable within 18 months of the payment of the first installment.

       The GlobeNet Group was created in 1998 to provide fiber-optic communications services in the United States and internationally between the United States and South America. The GlobeNet Group comprises two rings of protected submarine cables, representing approximately 22,000 km of the best fiber-optic cable technology connecting Brazil with the United States, passing through Venezuela and the Bermuda islands, with an installed capacity of 80Gbps, which can reach up to 1.36Tbps. With this installed capacity, no additional investments in fixed assets are expected in the short term.

       This transaction will enable Brasil Telecom to consolidate and expand as a residential and corporate broadband IP service provider, in addition to becoming the owner of an important fiber-optic connection between Brazil and United States.

27. Insurance (not audited)

       The Company has insurance covering operational risks, loss of profit, guarantee on contractual commitments, comprehensive general liability (including officers’ liability), national and international cargo, vehicle and life. At December 31, 2002, in the opinion of management, all significant and high-risk assets and obligations were insured.

28. Fair value of financial instruments

       The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument. The fair value estimates are made at a discrete point in time based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company's financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of the various financial instruments and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Current assets and liabilities

       The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, accounts payable and short-term financing approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

Foreign currency loans and financing

       The Company has loans and financing contracted in foreign currency with risk related to the possibility of fluctuations in exchange rates which may increase the balance of these liabilities. Loans subject to this risk represent 7.2% of total loans and financing (8.3% in 2001). To protect it from foreign currency risk, the Company enters into currency swap contracts with financial institutions. Of its debts in foreign currency, 38% is covered by swap contracts agreements (53% in 2001).

       The book and market values of the foreign currency loans and financing and the swap contracts as of December 31, 2001 and 2002 was as follows:

  2001
2002
  Book  Market  Book  Market 
  Value 
Value 
Value 
Value 
LIABILITIES
Loans and financing 338,554  333,106  363,147  347,106 
Swap Contracts (2,358) 3,166  (19,338) (28,838)
TOTAL 336,196  336,272  343,809  318,268 
CURRENT 106,563  106,607  66,700  51,637 
NONCURRENT 229,633  229,665  277,109  266,631 

       The method used for calculation of the market value (fair value) of foreign currency loans and financing was the discounted cash flow method, using the market rates prevailing on the balance sheet dates.

       The fair value of the swap contracts was estimated using specific data available for these financial instruments, including using prices currently charged to enter into similar agreements, or discounting projected cash flows at market discount rates that reflect the credit, interest and foreign currency risk associated with these financial instruments.

Local currency loans and financing

       The Company has loans and financing contracted in local currency, subject to interest linked to various reference rates (TJLP, UMBNDES, CDI, etc) with the risk of fluctuations in these rates. The Company has contracted derivative contracts to hedge 75% of the liabilities subject to the UMBNDES rate, using exchange rate swap contracts, considering the influence of the dollar on the basket of currencies within the UMBNDES interest rate . The other market rates are continually monitored to evaluate the need to contract derivatives to protect against the risk of volatility of these rates.

       In addition to its loans and financing, the Company issued non-convertible private and public debentures. These liabilities were contracted at interest rates tied to the CDI and the risk linked with this liability is the result of the possible increase in the rate.

       The aforementioned liabilities at the balance sheet date are as follows:

  Book Value
  2001 
2002 
LIABILITIES
Debentures - CDI 1,398,875  2,329,845 
Loans linked to TJLP 2,212,746  2,075,065 
Loans linked to UMBNDES 61,249  307,413 
Loans linked to IGPM 24,466  25,647 
Other loans 1,618  29 
TOTAL 3,698,954  4,737,999 
CURRENT 424,098  616,576 
LONG-TERM 3,274,856  4,121,423 

       Book Values are equivalent to market values because the current contractual conditions for these types of financial instruments are similar to those in which they were originated. In case of a hypothetical variation of 1% in the aforementioned rates, unfavorable to the Company, the annual negative impact on income would be approximately R$ 8,571.

29. Operating licenses for mobile telephone services

       In 2002, the wholly-owned subsidiary Brasil Telecom Celular S.A. signed three Mobile Personal Service (“SMP”) licenses with ANATEL. The cost of these licenses, which guarantee the operation of SMP over the next 15 years in the same operating area where the Company has its fixed telephone concession, amounted to R$ 191,495, of which 10% was paid upon signing the contract. The balance of R$ 172,345 corresponding to the remaining 90%, was recognized as a liability of the subsidiary and is payable in six equal and successive annual installments falling due between 2005 and 2010. The outstanding balance is subject to price-level restatement based on the variation of the IGP-DI index plus interest of 1% per month. On December 31, 2002, the restated liability was R$ 174,991 and is presented under the caption other liabilities, in non current liabilities.

30. Summary of the differences between Brazilian GAAP and U.S. GAAP

       The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Brazilian generally accepted accounting principles (“Brazilian GAAP”), which differ in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The following is a summary of the significant adjustments to net income (loss) and shareholders’ equity required when reconciling such amounts recorded in the consolidated financial statements to the corresponding amounts in accordance with U.S. GAAP, considering the significant differences between Brazilian GAAP and U.S. GAAP.

a. Different criteria for capitalizing and amortizing capitalized interest

       Until December 31, 1993, capitalized interest was not added to the individual assets in property, plant and equipment; instead, it was capitalized separately and amortized over a time period different from the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Under U.S. GAAP, capitalized interest is added to the individual assets and is amortized over their estimated useful lives.

       Also, under Brazilian GAAP, as applied to companies in the telecommunications industry, interest attributable to construction-in-progress was calculated, up to December, 31 1998, at the rate of 12% per annum of the balance of construction-in-progress and that part which related to interest on third party loans was credited to interest expense based on actual interest costs with the balance relating to self-funding being credited to capital reserves. Starting 1999, Brazilian GAAP required capitalization of interest on loans specifically related to financing of construction in progress, and interest on self-financing is no longer allowed.

       Under U.S. GAAP, in accordance with the provisions of Statements of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 34, “Capitalization of Interest Cost,” interest incurred on borrowings is capitalized to the extent that borrowings do not exceed the balances of construction-in-progress. The credit is a reduction of interest expense. Under U.S. GAAP, the amount of interest capitalized excludes the monetary gain associated with the borrowings and the foreign exchange gains and losses on foreign currency borrowings.

       The effects of these different criteria for capitalizing and amortizing capitalized interest are as follows:

  Year ended December 31,
  2000 
2001 
2002 
Capitalized Interest difference
U.S. GAAP Capitalized Interest:
Interest which would have been capitalized and credited to income under U.S. GAAP (Interest accrued on loans , except in years when total loans exceeded total construction-in-progress, when capitalized interest was reduced proportionately) 104,811  279,063  280,026 
Accumulated capitalized interest on disposals
 		 (15,036)
 (11,531)
 (22,667)
  89,775 
 267,532 
 257,359 
Less Brazilian GAAP Capitalized Interest:
Interest capitalized and credited to income
under Brazilian GAAP (Up to the limit of
interest incurred on loans obtained for (54,232) (247,380) (127,979)
financing capital investments)
Accumulated capitalized interest on disposals
 		 37,028 
 22,349 
 39,337 
Total capitalized interest under Brazilian GAAP
 		 (17,204)
 (225,031)
 (88,642)
U.S. GAAP Difference
 		 72,571 
 42,501 
 168,717 
Amortization of capitalized interest difference
Amortization under Brazilian GAAP 174,005  234,908  228,111 
Less: Amortization under U.S. GAAP (85,988) (128,602) (140,645)
Difference in accumulated amortization on disposals
 		 (16,709)
 (12,837)
 (22,551)
U.S. GAAP Difference 71,308  93,469  64,915 

b. Dividends and interest on shareholders' equity

       Although under Brazilian Corporate Law proposed dividends require approval at a shareholders’ meeting, under Brazilian Corporate Law they are accrued for in the consolidated financial statements in anticipation of their approval by the shareholders. Distributions characterized as interest on capital are accrued under both Brazilian and US GAAP. Any excess of proposed dividends over either the agreed statutory minimum or distributions characterized as interest on capital would not be accrued for under US GAAP but would be considered “restricted capital” and shown outside shareholders’ equity, since the shareholders (but not the Company’s management) can change or reject the proposal. There was no such excess in 2000, 2001 nor 2002.

c. Pensions and other post-retirement benefits

       Refer to Note 31.a for a discussion of differences between Brazilian GAAP and U.S. GAAP as they relate to pensions and other post-retirement benefits.

       For purposes of the U.S. GAAP reconciliation, the provisions of SFAS No. 87, “Employers' Accounting for Pensions” (“SFAS 87”) and SFAS No. 106, “Employers' Accounting for Post-retirement Benefits Other than Pensions” (“SFAS 106”) have been applied. The provisions of SFAS 87 were applied with effect from January 1, 1992 because it was not feasible to apply them from the effective date specified in the standard. As a result, R$292,131 of the transition liability was transferred directly to shareholders' equity at the implementation date.

       Under Brazilian GAAP, the Company adopted CVM Deliberation 371 during the year ended December 31, 2001 and recorded an adjustment to opening shareholders’ equity amounting to R$ 328,381, net of R$162,362, which was recorded as deferred income tax on provision for pension. This adjustment was reversed for U.S. GAAP purposes, since all effects of pensions and other post-retirement benefits have already been recognized after applying SFAS 87 and SFAS 106.

d. Items recorded directly in shareholders’ equity accounts

       Under Brazilian GAAP, various items are recorded directly in shareholders' equity, which under U.S. GAAP would be recorded in the statements of operations, such as:

- Fiscal incentives in regional funds converted into shares or capital quotas of telecommunication companies, detailed in item (l); and
- Deferred tax on full indexation, detailed in item (g).

e. Earnings per share

       Under Brazilian GAAP, net income per share is calculated on the number of shares outstanding at the balance sheet date. In these financial statements, information is disclosed per lot of one thousand shares, because this is the minimum number of shares that can be traded on the Brazilian stock exchanges. Each American Depositary Share (“ADS”) is equivalent to 3,000 shares.

       As determined by SFAS No. 128, "Earnings Per Share", since the preferred and common stockholders have different dividend, voting and liquidation rights, basic and diluted earnings per share have been calculated using the "two-class" method. The "two-class" method is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for preferred and common stock according to the dividends to be paid as required by the Company's bylaws.

       As discussed in Note 1, the Companies were not merged until subsequent to December 31, 1999. For U.S. GAAP purposes, the equity structure utilized for the earnings per share computations is that of the new entity resulting from the mergers on February 28, 2000. The Company's new equity structure has been used for all years presented. At the date of mergers, the Company had 4,081,872,000 common shares and 7,790,342,000 preferred shares outstanding. On August 29, 2000, the shares were split in the proportion of 39 new shares for each existing share. This stock split has been given retroactive effect in the computation of the weighted average number of preferred and common shares used for the purposes of computing earnings per share for all periods presented.

       The merger of CRT, which occurred in December 2000, increased share capital by 5,747,607,000 common shares and 63,565,372,000 preferred shares (60,656,342,000 net of treasury).

       Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Net income available to preferred shareholders is the sum of the preferred stock dividends (a minimum of 6% of preferred capital, or, as from 2002, 3% per annum calculated on the amount resulting from dividing the net book shareholders' equity by the total number of Company shares, whichever is greater, as defined in the Company's by-laws) and the preferred shareholders' portion of undistributed net income. Undistributed net income is computed by deducting total dividends (the sum of preferred and common stock dividends) from adjusted net income. Undistributed net income is shared equally by the preferred and common shareholders on a pro rata basis. Total dividends are calculated as described in Note 23.e. Diluted earnings per share is computed by increasing the number of shares, calculated by dividing the value of funds for capitalization and stock options, as mentioned below, by the equivalent value of the shares at the merger date.

       The weighted-average number of common shares used in computing basic earnings per share as of December 31, 2002 was 241,964,447,000 (237,165,397,000 in 2001 and 216,058,252,000 in 2000). The weighted-average number of preferred shares used in computing basic earnings per share as of December 31, 2002 was 295,569,090,000 (295,467,802,000 in 2001 and 280,160,060,000 in 2000). The Company has received certain contributions from customers or customers have independently paid suppliers of telecommunication equipment and services for the installation of fixed line services. These amounts are reflected as "funds for capitalization" within other non-current liabilities in the accompanying balance sheets. Once the installation is essentially complete and the contributions have been received, the funds will be converted into equity (see Note 24 to the financial statements). The shares are treated as outstanding and included in the basic EPS calculation only when such funds are converted to equity and the shares issued. The shares are treated as outstanding for diluted EPS purposes when expansion plan contributions are received or when Community Expansion Plan agreements have been approved. Additionally, the 622,364 thousand preferred stock options granted under the stock option program for officers and employees mentioned in Note 22.b were considered in the calculation of the diluted earnings per share.

       The Company's preferred shares are non-voting except under certain limited circumstances and are entitled to a preferential non-cumulative dividend and to priority over the common shares in the event of liquidation of the Company. In 2000, the amount of dividends paid to the preferred shareholders exceeded the minimum guaranteed dividends, and was equal to the amount paid to the common shareholders.

f. Disclosure requirements

       U.S. GAAP disclosure requirements differ from those required by Brazilian GAAP. However, in these consolidated financial statements, the level of disclosure has been expanded to comply with U.S. GAAP.

g. Income taxes

       The Company fully accrues for deferred income taxes on temporary differences between tax and reporting records. The existing policies for accounting for deferred taxes are substantially in accordance with SFAS No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes" (“SFAS 109”), except in connection with the deferred income tax effects of indexation adjustments in 2000 (see Note 2.b).

       Under U.S. GAAP, the deferred tax effects of 2000 indexation for financial reporting purposes would be charged to income and social contribution taxes in the consolidated statements of operations. In addition, under SFAS 109, the provisional measures, which are temporary measures used by the Government to determine changes in tax rates, are not considered to be enacted law. Therefore, the deferred tax effect calculated using the social contribution rate of 9% as described in Note 9, would be changed to 8% for U.S. GAAP purposes in 2000 and 2001.

h. Interest expense and accrued interest

       Brazilian GAAP requires interest expense to be shown as part of operating income and accrued interest as a part of loans and financing. Under U.S. GAAP, interest expense would be shown after operating income and accrued interest would be included in accounts payable and accrued expenses.

i. Employees’ profit sharing

       Brazilian GAAP requires employees' profit sharing to be shown as an appropriation of net income for the year. Under U.S. GAAP, employee profit sharing is included as an expense in arriving at operating income.

j. Permanent assets

       Brazilian GAAP has a class of assets called permanent assets. This is the collective name for all assets on which indexation adjustments were calculated in the corporate and fiscal law accounts of Brazilian companies. Under U.S. GAAP, the assets in this classification would be non-current assets and property, plant and equipment. Losses on the disposal of permanent assets were R$ 27,069 in December 31, 2000 and a gain of R$7,293 and R$28,733 in the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2002, respectively. Such losses and gains are classified as non-operating expense for Brazilian GAAP. Under U.S. GAAP, such losses and gains would affect operating income.

k. Price-level adjustments and U.S. GAAP presentation in respect of accounting periods through December 31, 2000

       The effects of price-level adjustments have not been eliminated in the reconciliation to U.S. GAAP nor are the monetary gains or losses associated with the various U.S. GAAP adjustments separately identified, because the application of inflation restatement as measured by the IGP-M, applied until December 31, 2000, represents a comprehensive measure of the effects of price level changes in the Brazilian economy and, as such, is considered a more meaningful presentation than historical cost-based financial reporting for both Brazilian and U.S. accounting purposes.

       See the reconciliation of net income for the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002 and shareholders’equity as at that date in accordance with Brazilian Corporate Law to net income and shareholders’ equity in accordance with Brazilian GAAP reported herein in Note 2.c.

l. Funds for capitalization

i. Resources for capital increase and expansion plan contributions

       Under Brazilian GAAP, resources for capital increases and expansion plan contributions received are included in the balance sheet as non-current liabilities until the subscribers have paid for their telephone connection in full and a general meeting of shareholders approves the capital increases.

       Effective January 1, 1996, indexation of the expansion plan contributions was no longer applied and, for contracts signed as from that date, Telebrás (the former controlling shareholder) was allowed the option of using a value per share equal to the market value, when this was higher than book value. For U.S. GAAP purposes, a portion of the resources for capital increase and expansion plan contributions would be allocated to shareholders' equity based on the market value of the shares to be issued to subscribers. The remainder of the resources for capital increase and expansion plan contributions would be classified as a deferred credit and amortized to reduce depreciation expense from the time the related construction-in-progress is completed.

ii. Donations and subsidies for investments

       Under Brazilian GAAP, those amounts which comprise principally the excess of the value of property, plant and equipment incorporated into the Company's assets over the corresponding credits for expansion plan contributions received are recorded as a credit to other capital reserves. For U.S. GAAP purposes, the credit to capital reserves would be classified as a deferred credit and amortized to reduce depreciation expense.

m. Valuation of long-lived assets

       SFAS No. 144 provides a single accounting model for long-lived assets to be disposed of. SFAS No. 144 also changes the criteria for classifying an asset as held for sale; and broadens the scope of businesses to be disposed of that qualify for reporting as discontinued operations and changes the timing of recognizing losses on such operations. The Company adopted SFAS No. 144 on January 1, 2002. The adoption of SFAS No. 144 did not affect the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

       In accordance with SFAS No. 144, long-lived assets, such as property, plant, and equipment, and purchased intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented in the balance sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated. The assets and liabilities of a disposed group classified as held for sale would be presented separately in the appropriate asset and liability sections of the balance sheet.

       Goodwill and intangible assets not subject to amortization are tested annually for impairment, and are tested for impairment more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the asset’s fair value.

       Prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 144, the Company accounted for long-lived assets in accordance with SFAS No. 121, Accounting for Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed Of.

       Brazilian GAAP does not require cash flow computations in order to determine potential asset impairment. For all periods presented, no impairment losses were recognized under Brazilian GAAP and U.S. GAAP.

       Under Brazilian GAAP, impairment losses would be recorded as non-operating expenses. Under U.S. GAAP, impairment losses are recorded as operating expenses.

n. Stock options

       Under U.S. GAAP, the Company accounts for stock options in accordance with SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation," which establishes a fair-value method of accounting for employee stock options or similar equity instruments. For US GAAP, the Black-Scholes option-pricing model was used to estimate the grant date fair value of its options granted. Under Brazilian GAAP, there is no requirement to account for stock options at fair value. The adjustment to reflect the difference in valuation basis between U.S. GAAP and Brazilian GAAP for the year ended December 31, 2002 is as follows:

Number of options granted (in thousands) 622,364 
 
Fair value of option at date of grant* $0.00409 
 
Fair value of options granted at grant date $2,544 

       The fair value of options is recognized over the expected vesting term of the option for US GAAP purposes, which is three years. As the options were issued on December 16, 2002, an amount of R$35 was recognized for U.S. GAAP purposes as 2002 stock option compensation expense. No stock option compensation expense was recognized for Brazilian GAAP purposes.

* The assumptions underlying the calculation of the fair value of the option are detailed in note 31.e.

o. Goodwill & other intangible assets and business combination

Goodwill & other intangible assets

       Under Brazilian GAAP goodwill represents the difference between historical book value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the purchase price, and it is amortized over the estimated period over which the Company expects to benefit from the goodwill. This period is determined based on the reasons attributed by management for the payment of goodwill. Impairment, if any, is measured to the extent that the unarmotized balance of goodwill exceeds the expected future profits of the business.

       Under US GAAP, goodwill represents the excess of costs over fair value of net assets of businesses acquired. The Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, as of January 1, 2002. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a purchase business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but instead tested for impairment at least annually in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 142. SFAS No. 142 also requires that intangible assets with estimable useful lives be amortized over their respective estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values, and reviewed for impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 144, Accounting for Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.

       In connection with SFAS No. 142’s transitional goodwill impairment evaluation, the Statement required the Company to perform an assessment of whether there was an indication that goodwill is impaired as of the date of adoption. To accomplish this, the Company was required to identify its reporting units and determine the carrying value of each reporting unit by assigning the assets and liabilities, including the existing goodwill and intangible assets, to those reporting units as of January 1, 2002. The Company was required to determine the fair value of each reporting unit and compare it to the carrying amount of the reporting unit within six months of January 1, 2002. To the extent the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeded the fair value of the reporting unit, the Company would be required to perform the second step of the transitional impairment test, as this would be an indication that the reporting unit goodwill may be impaired.

       Under the terms of the operating concessions granted by the Federal Government, the Company is obliged to provide a certain minimum level of services over the entire area covered by its operating licenses. Also, the Company does not possess discrete financial information that could allow a determination of assets and liabilities (and goodwill) allocation in a level below the entire business and neither does it manage different areas of the concession as if they were separate businesses and has thus considered the entire business to be one reporting unit. In viewing all the assets and liabilities of the Company as one reporting unit and performing an initial assessment on this reporting unit as to whether there was an indication that goodwill is impaired (based on a valuation performed by an independent third party), the second step of the transitional impairment test was not required. Consequently, the Company was not required to recognize an impairment loss.

       Prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 142, for US GAAP purposes goodwill was amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected periods to be benefited, and assessed for recoverability by determining whether the amortization of the goodwill balance over its remaining life could be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows of the acquired operation. All other intangible assets were amortized on a straight-line basis. The amount of goodwill and other intangible asset impairment, if any, was measured based on projected discounted future operating cash flows using a discount rate reflecting the Company’s average cost of funds. The Company has no intangibles other than goodwill.

       Under Brazilian GAAP, goodwill amortization is classified in non-operating expenses. Under U.S. GAAP, goodwill amortization was classified in operating expenses until December 31, 2001.

Business combinations

i) Purchase of minority interests in the eight operating companies formerly held directly by Brasil Telecom Participações S.A.

       On February 28, 2000, in connection with the combination of the eight operating companies under common control with Telepar, the Company made an offer to exchange Telepar shares for the shares held by minority shareholders in each of the operating companies. The exchange was made based on the book value of the shares of Telepar compared to the book value of the shares of the operating companies. The book value of the shares was calculated by dividing stockholders' equity by the number of shares outstanding. In the exchange offer, Telepar acquired almost 100% of the minority shares.

       Under U.S. GAAP, the purchase price of these shares must be calculated based on the traded market value of Telepar shares at the time of the exchange. The purchase price is then compared to the fair value of the assets and liabilities of each of the operating companies to determine goodwill. These differences, which were being amortized on the straight-line basis over five years for U.S. GAAP, but ceased in 2001, are summarized as follows:

Market value of the TELEPAR shares exchanged for minority interests 1,188,388 
Fair value of the minority interests exchanged (which approximates book value)
 		 (1,161,690)
Goodwill as of January 31, 2000 26,698 
Amortization of goodwill in 2000
 		 (4,895)
 
Goodwill, net as of December 31, 2000 21,803 
Amortization of goodwill in 2001
 		 (5,339)
Goodwill, net as of December 31, 2001
 		 16,464 

ii) Purchase of controlling interest in CRT

       On July 31, 2000, the Company purchased the controlling interest in CRT for R$1,499,760. Under U.S. GAAP, goodwill for this purchase is calculated at the difference between the fair value of the net assets purchased and the purchase price.

       Under Brazilian GAAP, goodwill for the purchase is calculated at the difference between historical book value of the assets and liabilities assumed and the purchase price. Also, as mentioned in Note 1, goodwill under Brazilian GAAP was accounted for partially as a deferred tax asset which, for U.S. GAAP purposes, should be included as part of intangibles.

       The adjustments under U.S. GAAP to reflect the difference in depreciation and amortization resulting from the purchase price allocation differences explained above are as follows:

Net assets purchased under U.S. GAAP
 		 483,030 
Adjustment to state fixed assets at fair value (48,183)
Fair value of net assets purchased from CRT 434,847 
Purchase price
 		 1,499,760 
Goodwill under U.S. GAAP 1,064,913 
Goodwill under Brazilian GAAP
 		 820,547 
Difference in goodwill as of July 31, 2000
 		 244,366 
 
Amortization of the difference of goodwill -
For the five months ended Dec. 31, 2000 (20,363)
For 2001 (48,875)
 
Effect of depreciation related to the adjustment to state fixed assets
at fair value -
For the five months ended Dec. 31, 2000 2,610 
For 2001 6,264 
For 2002 4,298 

       For U.S. GAAP, the difference in goodwill was amortized, until 2001, on the straight-line basis over five years. The depreciation related to the adjustment to state fixed assets at fair value is being calculated at a rate per annum compatible with the fixed assets realization.

       Additionally, the amortization of the recomputed goodwill recognized in 2002 under BR GAAP in the amount of R$96,133, as mentioned in Note 1, has been reversed under US GAAP in connection with the adoption of SFAS 142.

iii) Purchase of minority interest in CRT

       On December 28, 2000, the Company exchanged its shares for the remaining outstanding shares of CRT. The exchange ratio was based on the market value of CRT shares and the market value of the Company's shares at December 1, 2000. The purchase was recorded under Brazilian GAAP based on the book value of the CRT shares as of December 1, 2000, so no goodwill arose for Brazilian GAAP purposes.

       Under U.S. GAAP, the purchase price of the minority interest in CRT was determined based on the traded market value of Brasil Telecom shares as of December 1, 2000. U.S. GAAP also requires that this acquisition of the minority interest in CRT be recorded as of the transaction closing date, December 28, 2000. As discussed in (ii) above, there are also differences between U.S. GAAP and Brazilian GAAP in the allocation of the purchase price to the assets and liabilities acquired which result in a difference in depreciation and amortization expense. The adjustments to reflect the differences between U.S. GAAP and Brazilian GAAP discussed above are as follows:

Book value of net assets purchased under U.S. GAAP 900,692 
Adjustment to fixed assets to reach fair value
 		 (113,898)
Fair value of net assets purchased from CRT 786,794 
Market value of Brasil Telecom S.A. shares issued in exchange
 		 948,927 
Goodwill under U.S. GAAP
 		 162,133 
 
Net effect of recording transaction on December 28, 2000 rather than
December 1, 2000
 		 (6,453)
 
Amortization of goodwill for 2001 (32,427)
Reversal of depreciation for 2001
 		 14,808 
   
  (17,619)
Reversal of depreciation for 2002 10,161 

       For U.S. GAAP, the goodwill was amortized, until 2001, on the straight-line basis over five years. The depreciation related to the adjustment to state fixed assets at fair value is being calculated at a rate per annum compatible with the fixed assets realization.

iv) Step up in basis of companies under common control

       Under U.S. GAAP, Emerging Issues Task Force No. 90-5, "Exchanges of Ownership Interests between Entities under Common Control," when an exchange of shares between companies under common control takes place, the parent company's basis in the subsidiaries should be reflected (or "pushed down") as the basis in the financial statements of the surviving entity. The parent company, which originally acquired the nine operating companies in the privatization auction (Solpart) in August 1998, recorded significant goodwill in that purchase. This goodwill, along with the step up in the basis of the fixed assets to fair value at the time of the purchase, results in an increase in the combined assets, as well as in shareholders' equity of the Company of R$982,090 (R$589,630 of future profitability and R$392,460 of assets value). The increase in amortization and depreciation under U.S. GAAP for these assets was R$170,247, R$170,233 and R$28,399 during the years ended December 31 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively.

       For U.S. GAAP, the goodwill was amortized, until 2001, on the straight-line basis over five years. The depreciation related to the adjustment to state fixed assets at fair value is being calculated at a rate per annum compatible with the fixed assets realization.

p. Revenue recognition

i) Activation and installation fees

       Under Brazilian GAAP, revenues from activation and installation fees are recognized upon activation of customer services. Under U.S. GAAP, revenues and related taxes from activation and installation fees are deferred and amortized over five years, the estimated average customer life. For U.S. GAAP purposes, the Company has adopted this revenue recognition policy for activation and installation fees effective January 1, 2000 pursuant to Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 101, “Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements”(“SAB 101”). Accordingly, the effect of implementing SAB 101 has been presented as a cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle and periods prior to January 1, 2000 have not been restated to reflect this change in revenue recognition policy. The effect of adopting SAB 101 effective January 1, 2001 resulted in a decrease in net income, net of related tax benefit, of R$32,512. Additionally, the application of SAB 101 subsequent to January 1, 2000 resulted in a (decrease) increase in income of R$(4,550), R$(29,399) and R$ 13,332, before tax, for the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively.

ii) Sales of public telephone cards

       Under Brazilian GAAP revenues from public telephone phone cards are recognized when the cards are sold. Under U.S. GAAP, revenues generated from sales of public telephone phone cards are recognized as such services are provided. For U.S. GAAP, deferred revenues at each consolidated balance sheet date are determined based upon estimates of sold but unused public phone card credits outstanding as of each consolidated balance sheet date.

q. Provision for retirement incentive plan

       Under Brazilian GAAP, the Company recorded a provision for a retirement incentive plan during the year ended December 31, 2001 in connection with the intended rationalization of certain business activities of CRT (under the Apoio Daqui plan). Under U.S. GAAP, such costs may only be accrued if they are part of a formal restructuring plan approved by management that specifically identifies the significant actions to be taken to complete the plan, the number and job classifications of employees to be terminated, and other strict criteria. As all of the criteria for accrual have not been met, the provision was reversed for U.S. GAAP purposes on December 31, 2001. There was no such provision in the liabilities as of December 31, 2002, as the retirement incentive plan was carried out and settled during 2002.

r. Derivative financial instruments

       Under Brazilian GAAP, swap contracts are recorded on the balance sheet based on the net amount to be received or paid. For U.S. GAAP purposes, the Company adopted SFAS No. 133, “Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” as amended by SFAS No. 137 and SFAS No. 138 (collectively, “SFAS 133”) on January 1, 2000. Under SFAS 133, the swap contracts are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings unless specific hedge criteria are met.

       Upon adoption of SFAS 133 on January 1, 2000, there was no cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle, as the Company did not utilize derivative financial instruments prior to the acquisition of CRT in July 2000.

s. Unclaimed dividends

       Under Brazilian GAAP, dividends unclaimed by shareholders after five years are reversed against income. Under U.S. GAAP, such unclaimed dividends are reversed against retained earnings.

t. Valued added and other taxes

       Under Brazilian GAAP, value added and other taxes are reported as a reduction of gross operating revenues to arrive at net operating revenues. Under U.S. GAAP, value added and other taxes are reported as a component of cost of services.

BRASIL TELECOM S.A.

Net income reconciliation of the differences between Brazilian GAAP and U. S. GAAP

Years ended December 31, 2000 (combined), 2001 and 2002 (consolidated)
(In thousands of Brazilian Reais)

   
  
  
    2000
2001
2002
Net income (loss) as reported under Brazilian GAAP   117,375  (207,478) (11,619)
 
Add/(deduct): Note 30
Different criteria for:
Capitalized interest (a) 72,571  42,501  168,717 
Amortization of capitalized interest (a) 71,308  93,469  64,915 
Pensions and other post-retirement benefits
Sistel
U.S. GAAP gain on plan curtailment and settlement (c) 176,607  -  - 
U.S. GAAP prepaid (accrued) pension (cost) benefit (c) 7,483  (9,493) 27,981 
FCRT
U.S. GAAP prepaid (accrued) pension cost (c) (4,251) 403,949  5,736 
Reversal of Brazilian GAAP provision for pensions charged to equity (c) -  (490,743) - 
Reversal of deferred income tax on Brazilian GAAP provision for pensions charged to equity (c)  -  162,362  -
Items posted directly to shareholder's equity:
Fiscal incentive received (d) 1,685  525  554 
Deferred tax on full indexation (d) (205,774) -  - 
Social contribution rate change not enacted (g) (6,228) (13,400) 4,803 
Amortization of deferred credit on contributions plan expansion (l) 118,514  85,439  70,863 
Compensation cost of stock options (n) -  -  (35)
Amortization of goodwill attributable to purchase of minority interests in eight operating companies (o) (i) (4,895) (5,339) - 
Amortization of goodwill attributable to purchase of controlling interest in CRT until 2001, net of reduction in depreciation due to step-down in fair value (o) (ii) (17,753) (42,611) 4,298 
Reversal of amortization of goodwill recomputed (o) (ii) -  -  96,133 
Purchase of minority interest in CRT:
Net effect of recording purchase on transaction closing date (o) (iii) (6,453) -  - 
Amortization of goodwill until 2001, net of reduction in depreciation due to step-down in fair value (o) (iii) -  (17,619) 10,161 
Amortization until 2001 and depreciation of step-up in basis of companies under common control (o) (iv) (170,247) (170,233) (28,399)
Deferred revenue, net of related costs - activation and installation fees (p) (4,550) (29,399) 13,332 
Deferred revenue - public telephone cards (p) (3,701) 409  2,981 
Reversal of provision for retirement incentive plan (q) -  33,000  (33,000)
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments (r) 1,976  3,548  3,976 
Reversal of gain attributable to unclaimed dividends (s) -  (19,162) (6,468)
Minority interest in Brazilian GAAP combined results and U.S. GAAP adjustments   (19,289) - -
Deferred tax effect of above adjustments
 		   (84,770)
 10,559
 (77,648)
U.S. GAAP net income (loss) before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle   39,608 (169,716) 317,280
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, net of tax and minority interest
 		 (p)
 		 (32,512)
 - 
 - 
U.S. GAAP net income (loss)
 		   7,096
 (169,716)
 317,280


   
 
 
  2000
2001
2002
Net income per thousand shares in accordance with U.S. GAAP:
 
U.S. GAAP net income (loss) - allocated to common shares - basic and diluted 3,090 (75,569) 142,820
U.S. GAAP net income (loss) - allocated to preferred shares - basic and diluted 4,006 (94,147 174,460
 
Weighted average shares outstanding (in thousands)
Common shares - basic 216,058,252 237,165,397 241,964,447
Common shares - diluted 216,058,252 237,165,397 241,964,447
Preferred shares - basic 280,160,060 295,467,802 295,569,090
Preferred shares - diluted 280,161,672 295,468,020 295,570,408
 
U.S. GAAP net income (loss) before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, per thousand shares
Common shares - basic 0.08 (0.32) 0.59
Common shares - diluted 0.08 (0.32) 0.59
Preferred shares - basic 0.08 (0.32) 0.59
Preferred shares - diluted 0.08 (0.32) 0.59
 
Cumulative effect of change in accunting principle, per thousand shares
Common shares - basic (0.07) - -
Common shares - diluted (0.07) - -
Preferred shares - basic (0.07) - -
Preferred shares - diluted (0.07) - -
 
U.S. GAAP net income (loss), per thousand shares
Common shares - basic 0.01 (0.32) 0.59
Common shares - diluted 0.01 (0.32) 0.59
Preferred shares - basic 0.01 (0.32) 0.59
Preferred shares - diluted 0.01 (0.32) 0.59

BRASIL TELECOM S.A.
Shareholders’ equity reconciliation of the differences between Brazilian GAAP and U.S. GAAP

As of December 31, 2001 and 2002
(In thousands of Brazilian Reais)

    2001  2002 
Total shareholders' equity as reported under Brazilian GAAP Note 30 7,976,302  7,623,790 
 
Add/(deduct):
Different criteria for:
Capitalized interest (a) (708,748) (540,031)
Amortization of capitalized interest (a) 661,905  726,820 
Pension and other post-retirement benefits
Sistel
U.S. GAAP gain on plan curtailment and settlement (c) 176,607  176,607 
U.S. GAAP prepaid (accrued) pension cost (c) (281,075) (253,094)
FCRT
U.S. GAAP prepaid (accrued) pension cost (c) 399,698  405,434 
Social contribution rate not enacted (g) (4,803) - 
Reversal of decrease in income tax charged to equity (g) 5,053  - 
Contributions to plant expansion:     -
Amortization of deferred credit (l) 460,669  531,532 
Subscribed capital stock (l) (611,449) (611,449)
Donations and subscriptions for investment (l) (182,861) (182,861)
Goodwill attributable to purchase of minority interests in
eight operating companies (o) (i) 16,464  16,464 
Amortization of goodwill attributable to purchase of
controlling interest in CRT until 2001, net of reduction in
depreciation due to step-down in fair value (o) (ii) (60,364) (56,066)
Reversal of amortization of goodwill recomputed (o) (ii) -  96,133 
Purchase of minority interest in CRT:
Net effect of recording purchase on transaction closing date (o) (iii) (6,453) (6,453)
Amortization of goodwill until 2001, net of reduction in
depreciation due to step-down in fair value (o) (iii) (17,619) (7,458)
Difference in book value and market value of shares issued in exchange (o) (iii) (347,268) (347,268)
Step-up in basis of companies under common control, net of
amortization until 2001 and depreciation (o) (iv) 400,389  371,989 
Deferred revenue - public telephone cards (p) (11,261) (8,280)
Deferred revenue, net of related costs - activation and
installation fees (including cumulative effect of change in
accounting principle in 2000) (p) (82,475) (69,143)
Reversal of provision for retirement incentive plan (q) 33,000  - 
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments (r) 5,524  9,500 
Deferred tax effect of above adjustments
 		   13,506 
 (64,142)
    7,834,741 
 7,812,024 

BRASIL TELECOM S.A.
Statements of changes in shareholders’ equity in accordance withU.S. GAAP

As of December 31, 2001 and 2002 (consolidated)
(In thousands of Brazilian Reais)

  Note Total 
 
Balance, December 31,2000   8,216,995 
 
Forfeiture of unclaimed dividends 30 (s) 19,162 
Declaration of dividends 23 (e) (231,700)
Net loss for the year
 		   (169,716)
 
Balance, December 31, 2001   7,834,741 
 
Forfeiture of unclaimed dividends 30 (s) 6,468 
Increase in treasury stock 23 (b) (21,852)
Declaration of dividends 23 (e) (324,648)
Contribution by the employees related to the costs of the stock compensation plan 30 (n) 35 
Net income for the year
 		   317,280 
 
Balance, December 31, 2002
 		   7,812,024 

31. Additional disclosures required by U.S. GAAP

a. Pension and other post-retirement benefits:

i. Plans administered by Sistel

       The Company, together with other former companies in the Telebrás group, sponsored multi-employer defined benefit pension and other post-retirement benefit plans, through the end of 1999, which are operated and administered by Sistel. In December 1999, the Company and the other companies that participate in the Sistel plan reached an agreement to withdraw the active participants to the pension plan and establish a new plan for each of the New Holding Companies. The parties agreed to allocate the plan assets based on the liabilities in accordance with Brazilian GAAP. The allocation of the initial transition obligation and unamortized gains and losses was based on the projected benefit obligation (PBO) of each individual sponsor divided by the total PBO of Sistel at December 31, 1999. The inactive employees of all of the New Holding Companies that participated in the Sistel defined benefit pension plan will remain as part of the multiemployer plan in Sistel. The post-retirement benefit plans will also remain as a multiemployer plan; however, Sistel no longer subsidizes life insurance premiums for inactive (retired) employees after December 31, 1999.

       The Company remains jointly and severally liable for the multiemployer portion of the plan, therefore, no amounts were recorded under those plans.

       A summary of the liability as of December 31, 2001 and 2002 for the Company’s active employees’ defined benefit pension plan was as follows:

  2001  2002 
Funded status:
Accumulated benefit obligation:
Vested 253,529  377,510 
Non-vested
 		 90,278 
 3,344 
Total
 		 343,807 
 380,854 
Projected benefit obligation 358,084  384,564 
Allocated assets
 		 494,919 
 492,384 
Projected obligation in excess of assets (136,835) (107,820)
Unrecognized gains 120,946  68,284 
Unrecognized prior service cost 130,693  125,057 
Unrecognized net transition obligation
 		 (10,336)
 (9,034)
Accrued pension cost
 		 104,468 
 76,487 

       A summary of the Sistel pension plan as of December 31, 2001 and 2002 for the multiemployer portion (inactive employees pension plan) is as follows:

 
  December 31
  2001 
2002 
Projected benefit obligation (100% vested) 2,809,643  2,922,542 
Fair value of plan assets
 		 (3,214,439)
 (3,684,883)
Excess (deficiency) of assets over projected obligation
 		 (404,796)
 (762,341)

       In March 2000, the Company offered a new defined contribution plan, and approximately 80% of the active employees migrated to the new plan. The accumulated benefit of each employee who migrated was transferred to an individual account for each employee, with 100% vesting in this amount. The effect of settlement and curtailment of this portion of the defined benefit plan under SFAS No. 88 “Employers' Accounting and Settlements and Curtailments of Defined Benefit Pension Plans and for Termination Benefits “ was a gain of R$176,607, which is reflected in the reconciliation to U.S. GAAP net income.

       The net periodic pension cost for 2001 and 2002 for the Sistel administered plans was as follows:

  2001  2002 
Service cost 2,728  15,911 
Interest cost 17,410  15,849 
Expected return on assets (25,821) (36,219)
Amortization of (gains) losses
 		 (4,334)
 (7,536)
Net periodic pension cost (income)
 		 (10,017)
 (11,995)

       The changes in the accrued pension cost for the Sistel administered plans for the year ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 is as follows:

Accrued pension cost as of December 31, 2000 94,975 
Monetary restatement of beginning balance 9,847 
Other accrued pension costs (PBT and PAMEC) 11,883 
Net periodic cost for 2001 (10,017)
Company contributions during 2001 (2,006)
Effect of spin-off of plans PBT and SUBMASSA3
 		 (214)
Accrued pension cost as of December 31, 2001 104,468 
Net periodic cost for 2002 (11,995)
Company contributions during 2002
 		 (15,986)
Accrued pension cost as of December 31, 2002
 		 76,487 

       The actuarial assumptions used in 2000, 2001 and 2002 were as follows:

  2000 
 2001 
 2002 
Discount rate for determining projected benefit obligations 6.00% 6.00% 6.00%
Rate of increase in compensation levels 3.00% 3.00% 1.00%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 6.00% 9.00% 9.00%

       The above are real rates and exclude inflation.

       The Company maintains jointly with other companies a post-retirement benefit plan (PAMA) for the participants already covered who were in such position on January 31, 2000. Based on a legal and actuarial opinions, the Company’s liability is exclusively limited to 1.5% of the payroll of the active participants.

       The funded status of the pension and post retirement plans under Brazilian GAAP and U.S. GAAP differ. Benefit obligations differ because they have been prepared using different actuarial assumptions permitted under Brazilian and U.S. GAAP.

       The net assets of the plans differ under Brazilian GAAP and U.S. GAAP principally due to the accrual of income tax contingencies of the pension fund for U.S. GAAP purposes in the amount of R$591,489 and R$426,032 in 2001 and 2002, respectively. The contingency arises out of uncertainty as to the income tax status of Brazilian pension funds in general because the tax law is unclear as to whether these funds are exempt from tax on their investment gains. Under Brazilian GAAP, two methods of accounting for the income tax contingency are currently permitted. The tax is either deducted from plan assets for the purposes of determining the funded status of the plan or it is not deducted, but is disclosed in a note as being a contingency. Management of the pension fund has determined that the Brazilian GAAP financial statements of the fund be prepared on the basis that the legal arguments against assessment of the tax on the investment gains are sufficiently strong as to avoid the need for the potential liability to be recognized. However, for U.S. GAAP purposes, management of the Company believes that the assessment of this potential income tax liability is probable. Accordingly, in determining the funded status for U.S. GAAP purposes, the potential income tax liability (calculated in accordance with SFAS 109) has been deducted from the fair value of the plan assets.

ii. Plan administered by Fundação CRT (FCRT)

       On July 31, 2001, the subsidiary Brasil Telecom S.A. acquired the controlling interest in CRT, and in December 2001, acquired the minority interest. At the acquisition dates, the liability for defined benefit plans of CRT were recorded under U.S. GAAP as part of the fair value at the acquisition dates. The net pension cost for 2002 under U.S. GAAP is reflected from the dates of acquisition until December 31, 2002. The plan covers substantially all of the employees.

       In October 2002, the Company offered employees the option to transfer to a new defined contribution settled benefits plan, BrTPREV. The benefit obligation relating to each employee that opted to migrate was transferred to an individual account at 100% of the obligation under the previous plan in the amount of R$362,469. The employees that did not opt to migrate to BrTPREV remained in their previous plans.

       A summary of the liability as of December 31, 2001 and 2002 (Alternative, Fundador and BrTPREV are presented consolidated in 2002) for the CRT employees’ benefit plans was as follows:

  2001 
2002 
Funded status:
Accumulated benefit obligation:
Vested 805,133  909,528 
Non-vested
 		 144,007 
 10,649 
Total
 		 949,140 
 920,177 
Projected benefit obligation 960,059  922,150 
Allocated assets
 		 468,123 
 420,311 
Projected obligation in excess of assets 491,936  501,839 
Unrecognized gains 331,044  324,970 
Unrecognized prior service cost (27,070) (25,541)
Unrecognized net transition obligation
 		 - 
  
Accrued pension cost
 		 795,910 
 801,268 

       The net periodic pension cost for CRT for the year ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 (Alternative, Fundador and BrTPREV are presented consolidated in 2002) was as follows:

  2001  2002 
Service cost 24,450  11,853 
Interest cost 62,457  55,607 
Expected return on assets (46,229) (26,689)
Amortization of (gains) losses
 		 1,529 
 (17,416)
Net periodic pension cost
 		 42,207 
 23,355 

       The changes in the accrued pension cost for the plans administered by FCRT for the year ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 (Alternative, Fundador and BrTPREV are presented consolidated in 2002) were as follows:

  2001  2002 
Accrued pension cost at the beginning of the year 709,115  795,910 
Monetary restatement of beginning balance 73,533  - 
Net periodic cost for the year 42,207  23,355 
Company contributions during the year
 		 (28,945)
 (17,997)
Accrued pension cost at the end of the year
 		 795,910 
 801,268 

       The actuarial assumptions used in 2002 were follows:

  2002 
Discount rate for determining projected benefit obligations 6.00%
Rate of increase in compensation levels 0.00%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 6.00%

       The above are real rates and exclude inflation.

b. Purchase of Companhia Riograndense de Telecomunicações - CRT

       As disclosed in Note 1, the Company acquired a 31.56% controlling interest (85.19% voting interest) in CRT on July 31, 2000. The unaudited pro forma Brazilian GAAP results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2000 as if the Company had acquired a controlling interest in CRT on January 1, 2000, are as follows:

  2000 
Net operating revenue 5,476,964 
Net loss (163,233)
Loss per lot of one thousand shares outstanding at the
balance sheet date (0.47)

       The pro forma net loss above includes adjustments for the amortization of goodwill of R$95,734 in 2000, financial expenses on the debt obtained in connection with the purchase of CRT and reduction of financial income from short-term investments, net of gain and loss on exposure on inflation, in the amount of R$74,470 and the tax effects of those adjustments. The pro forma information is presented for information purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of what would have occurred if the acquisition had been made as of January 1, 2000, nor does it purport to be indicative of the results that will be obtained in the future.

c. Concentration of credit risk

       The Company maintains several liquid temporary cash investments in exclusive financial investment funds (FIF), the assets of which are comprised exclusively of floating-rate federal government securities. There have been no losses on cash equivalents. Credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable is diversified. The Companies continually monitor the level of trade accounts receivable and limit the exposure to bad debts by cutting access to the telephone network if any invoice is one-month past due. Exceptions comprise telephone services that must be maintained for reasons of safety or national security.

       For conducting their business, the Companies are fully dependent upon the fixed-line telecommunications concession as granted by the Federal Government. Approximately 37.4% of all employees are members of state labor unions associated either with the Federação Nacional dos Trabalhadores em Telecomunicações ("Fenattel"), or with the Federação Interestadual dos Trabalhadores em Telecomunicações ("Fittel"). Management negotiates new collective labor agreements every year with the local unions. The collective agreements currently in force expire in November 2003. There is no concentration of available sources of labor, services, concessions or rights, other than those mentioned above, that could, if suddenly eliminated, severely impact the Companies' operations.

d. Comprehensive income

       The Company did not have any other comprehensive income during the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002.

e. Stock options

       On December 16, 2002, the Company granted 622,364 thousand stock options under Stock Option Program B (refer to Note 22.b for the conditions of the program). The per share weighted average fair value of stock options granted during 2002 on the date of grant using the Black Scholes option-pricing model was R$4.09 with the following weighted average assumptions: 2002 - expected dividend yield 5.1%, risk-free interest rate of 23% p.a. (which equals the SELIC interest rate), and an expected vesting term of 3 years.

f. Transitional disclosures due to cessation of goodwill amortization

       As the Company adopted SFAS 142 on January 1, 2002 the amortization of goodwill mentioned in Note 30.o was ceased for US GAAP purposes on that date. If adoption of SFAS had occurred on December 31, 1999, reported US GAAP net income and related basic and diluted earnings per share would have been the following in 2000 and 2001, exclusive amortization expense (net of income tax):

  2000  2001 
 
Reported net income (loss) 7,096  (169,716)
 
Add back: goodwill amortization 112,587  233,193 
 
Adjusted net income 119,683  63,477 


Adjusted net income - allocated to common shares - basic and diluted 52,111  28,264 
Adjusted net income - allocated to preferred shares - basic and diluted 67,572  35,213 
 
Weighted average shares outstanding (in thousands)
Common shares - basic 216,058,252  237,165,397 
Common shares - diluted 216,058,252  237,165,397 
Preferred shares - basic 280,160,060  295,467,802 
Preferred shares - diluted 280,161,672  295,468,020 
 
U.S. GAAP net income, per thousand shares
Common shares - basic 0.24  0.12 
Common shares - diluted 0.24  0.12 
Preferred shares - basic 0.24  0.12 
Preferred shares - diluted 0.24  0.12 

g. New accounting pronouncements

       In June 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities. SFAS No. 146 addresses financial accounting and reporting for costs associated with exit or disposal activities and nullifies Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue-94-3, Liability Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an Activity. The provisions of this Statement are effective for exit or disposal activities that are initiated after December 31, 2002, with early application encouraged. The adoption of SFAS No. 146 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

       In November 2002, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 45, Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness to Others, an interpretation of FASB Statements No. 5, 57 and 107 and a rescission of FASB Interpretation No. 34. This Interpretation elaborates on the disclosures to be made by a guarantor in its interim and annual financial statements about its obligations under guarantees issued. The Interpretation also clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize, at inception of a guarantee, a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken. The initial recognition and measurement provisions of the Interpretation are applicable to guarantees issued or modified after December 31, 2002 and are not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements. The disclosure requirements are effective for financial statements of interim or annual periods ending after December 15, 2002.

32. Subsequent event

MetroRED

       On February 18, 2003, Brasil Telecom announced the acquisition of 19.9% of the capital of MTH do Brasil Ltda., a company that holds 99.99% of the capital of MetroRED Telecomunicações Ltda. (MetroRED Brasil), for US$17.0 million. In addition, Brasil Telecom holds an option to purchase the remaining 80.1% of the capital of MTH at the price of US$51.0 million, which can only be exercised after certification by Anatel of compliance with the 2003 targets stipulated in the Company's concession contracts. MetroRED Brasil will enable Brasil Telecom to expand the provision of data transmission services to the corporate market.